RF_RF cross over
大牛总结·常见RF指标的内在和意义
大牛总结·常见RF指标的内在和意义这篇文章的初衷是源自我给工厂工程师写的一份“操作指南”，按理说写这些东西对于工作了十来年的人来说应该是手到擒来的，但是真正写的时候就发现原本计划提纲挈领的东西写成了冗长无比的八股文。
当你写完“EVM可能随着Front-End的IL增大而恶化”的时候，如果阅读者是一个基础概念知识都不好的工程师（工厂里的工程师很多都是如此），人家第一反应是“EVM是什么”，继而是“EVM是为什么会跟IL有关系”，然后还可能是“EVM还跟什么指标有关系”——这就没完没了了。
所以我这里打算“扯到哪算哪”，把一些常见的概念列举出来，抛砖引玉，然后看看效果如何。
1、Rx Sensitivity（接收灵敏度）接收灵敏度，这应该是最基本的概念之一，表征的是接收机能够在不超过一定误码率的情况下识别的最低信号强度。
这里说误码率，是沿用CS（电路交换）时代的定义作一个通称，在多数情况下，BER (bit error rate)或者PER (packet error rate)会用来考察灵敏度，在LTE时代干脆用吞吐量Throughput来定义——因为LTE干脆没有电路交换的语音信道，但是这也是一个实实在在的进化，因为第一次我们不再使用诸如12.2kbps RMC（参考测量信道，实际代表的是速率12.2kbps的语音编码）这样的“标准化替代品”来衡量灵敏度，而是以用户可以实实在在感受到的吞吐量来定义之。
2、SNR（信噪比）讲灵敏度的时候我们常常联系到SNR（信噪比，我们一般是讲接收机的解调信噪比），我们把解调信噪比定义为不超过一定误码率的情况下解调器能够解调的信噪比门限（面试的时候经常会有人给你出题，给一串NF、Gain，再告诉你解调门限要你推灵敏度）。
那么S和N分别何来？S即信号Signal，或者称为有用信号；N即噪声Noise，泛指一切不带有有用信息的信号。
有用信号一般是通信系统发射机发射出来，噪声的来源则是非常广泛的，最典型的就是那个著名的-174dBm/Hz——自然噪声底，要记住它是一个与通信系统类型无关的量，从某种意义上讲是从热力学推算出来的（所以它跟温度有关）；另外要注意的是它实际上是个噪声功率密度（所以有dBm/Hz这个量纲），我们接收多大带宽的信号，就会接受多大带宽的噪声——所以最终的噪声功率是用噪声功率密度对带宽积分得来。
X2AS中文资料
-0.30
-50
-0.40
-60 500
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
Frequency (MHz)
-0.50 500
1000
1500
2000
2500 3000 3500 4000
Frequency (MHz)
4500
5000
Available on Tape and Reel For Pick and Place Manufacturing.
USA/Canada: Toll Free:
Europe:
(315) 432-8909 (800) 544-2414 +44 2392-232392
元器件交易网
USA/Canada: Toll Free: Europe:
(315) 432-8909 (800) 544-2414 +44 2392-232392
Available on Tape and Reel For Pick and Place
Manufacturing.
Outline Drawing
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS**
Frequency
Port Impedance Return Loss
GHz
Ohms
dB Min
DC – 2.5
50
20
2.5 – 4.0 4.0 – 6.0 Insertion Loss
dB Max
50 50 Power
元器件交易网
Model X2AS Rev. A
SMT Crossover
Description
X2A资料
Operating Temp.
ºC
0.05
30
250.9
-55 to +85
0.10
15
250.9
-55 to +85
0.15
10
250.9
-55 to +85
**Specification based on performance of unit properly installed on microstrip printed circuit boards with 50 Ω nominal impedance. Specifications subject to change without notice.
元器件交易网
Model X2A Rev. B
SMT Crossover
Description
The X2A is a low profile crossover to intersect an RF and DC circuit trace in an easy to use surface mount package designed for frequencies up to 6 GHz. The X2A is ideal for any application where an RF circuit must intersect with a DC circuit without resorting to a multilayer PCB. Parts have been subjected to rigorous qualification testing and units are 100% tested. They are manufactured using materials with x and y thermal expansion coefficients compatible with common substrates such as FR4, G-10 and polyamide.
RF 测试常用的一些命令
ONTVIDOL：Generic Identifier for all Video ANIs and UNIs supported by ONTsCR Critical AlarmMJ Major AlarmMN Minor AlarmNA Not Alarmed (Reported via REPORT EVENT)NR Not Reported (Information is stored in the NE)###############################################################################测试RF，业务的配置，首先要配置ontcard以及ontviduni，video 才可以通。
如：/* ent-ontcard::ontcard-1-1-5-4-17-3:::VIDEO,1,0::IS *//* ed-ontviduni::ontviduni-1-1-5-4-17-3-1:::::is */############################################################################### 4.9 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_09 && 4.17 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_17/* rept-opstat-ontvidani::ontvidani-1-1-5-4-12:: */"ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-12:16,101"#ONT/system/mib>show 90Table VideoAni, Video ANI, total 1 instancesEntityID = 0x0000AdminState = 0OpState = 1ARC = 0ARCInterval = 5FreqLow = 3FreqHigh = 0SignalCap = 7OpticalSignalLevel = 16PilotSignalLevel = 101SignalLevelMin = 0SignalLevelMax = 0PilotFreq = 0AgcMode = 1AgcSetting = 20OptThresholdL = 161OptThresholdU = 25############################################################################### 4.10 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_10RF OUTPUT =48.7506+Video Rx Power : -14.6 dBmW >18dBmv --->大于18dBmv 就ok#ONT/system/misc>show trans statePower : 3V3 (3.177) 12 (0.000)Temperature : 57.3 CData Rx Power : -18.7 dBmWAPD Prot : YesData Tx bias : 8.7 mAVideo Rx Power : -14.6 dBmWRF Tx Power : 101.3 dBuVRF Enable : EnableFilter Enable : DisableAGC Setting : 20############################################################################### 4.25 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_25断开RF 信号即可/* rtrv-alm-all:: */"ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-12,ONTVIDOL:MJ,VIDEOLOS,SA,,,,,:\"Video Loss of Signal\"""ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-12,ONTVIDOL:MJ,LEVELLOW,SA,,,,,:\"Video optical level too low\""############################################################################### 4.20 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_20ed-ontvidani::ontvidani-1-1-5-4-12::::PAGCMODE=BBRFAGC,AGCOFFSET=4,ALMLO=5,ALMH I=-12#ONT/system/mib>show 90Table VideoAni, Video ANI, total 1 instancesEntityID = 0x0000AdminState = 0OpState = 1ARC = 0ARCInterval = 5FreqLow = 3FreqHigh = 0SignalCap = 7OpticalSignalLevel = 14PilotSignalLevel = 96SignalLevelMin = 0SignalLevelMax = 0PilotFreq = 0AgcMode = 1AgcSetting = 40OptThresholdL = 50OptThresholdU = 136从ONT 中查看是否有报警产生，其中20-- 0010就是Video OOR high Signal strength above upper optical threshold (optional)#ONT/system/mib>show 501Table OmciCurAlarm, OMCI Current Alarm, total 2 instancesMeClass = 11EntityID = 0x0101Alarm = 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00MeClass = 90EntityID = 0x0000Alarm = 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00AlarmNumber Alarm Description0 Video LOS No signal at the video ANI1 Video OOR low Signal strength below lower optical threshold (optional)2 Video OOR high Signal strength above upper optical threshold (optional)3..207 Reserved208..223 Vendor specific alarms Not to be standardized###############################################################################4.21 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_21首先衰减RF，之后再配置videlosset-attr-ontvidol::ONTVIDOL:::CR,VIDEOLOS/* rtrv-alm-all::all: */"ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-12,ONTVIDOL:CR,VIDEOLOS,SA,,,,,:\"Video Loss of Signal\"""ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-12,ONTVIDOL:MJ,LEVELLOW,SA,,,,,:\"Video optical level too low\""###############################################################################拔掉ont 光纤口出现如下报警："ONT-1-1-5-7-17,ONT:MJ,INACT,SA,,,,,:\"ONT is inactive\""插上光纤口：A 106 REPT ALM ONT"ONT-1-1-5-4-17:CL,INACT,SA,7-16,17-34-6:\"ONT is inactive\""###############################################################################4.22 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_22首先需要把ALMH的值设低，要低于你当前的Video Rx Power : -1.8 dBmW （#ont/system/misc/show trans state）如：/* ed-ontvidani::ontvidani-1-1-5-4-17::::PAGCMODE=,AGCOFFSET=,ALMLO=,ALMH *//* I=-3 */其次 /* set-attr-ontvidol::ONTVIDOL:::CR,LEVELHIGH */ 要把LEVELHIGH设为CR，TL1才会出现报警，下面是报警现象：/* rtrv-alm-all::ALL: */"ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-17,ONTVIDOL:CR,LEVELHIGH,SA,,,,,:\"Video optical level too high\""###############################################################################4.28 SRV_VIDEO_OVERLAY_28从consloe中查看PN ：#ONT/system/misc>show trans infoVender : DELTAVender Part Number : OPGP-34-C4B3RManufacturing Date : 080922Vender Serial Number : DE0837********Vender Revision(hex) : 53-30-30-30Software Revision : 0Video Rx : 0.0 ~ 0.0 dB, Tilt 0.0 dB, PD RSP 0.0 uA/mW后于ont板子上面的PN是否一致？############################################################################### /* REPT-OPSTAT-ONTVIDANI::ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-17: */"ONTVIDANI-1-1-5-4-17:0,16";查看BER：#ONT/traffic/pon/hw>show rx pmUS BW Map CRC Error: 0PLOAM CRC Error : 0Plend CRC Error : 0Superframe mismatch: 0BIP Error : 0Non-Idle Gem frags : 174Ethernet Packets : 0TDM Frags : 0FEC Corrected Bytes: 0FEC Corrected Bits : 0AES Alloc Error : 0Eth Frags After Flt: 0Eth bytes After Flt: 0FEC Uncorrected CWs: 0其他的两个log信息，我们ONT不支持。
电气专业英语大全
Loop system 环网系统Demagnetization 退磁，去磁Distribution system 配电系统Relay panel 继电器屏Trip circuit 跳闸电路Tertiary winding 第三绕组Switchboard 配电盘，开关屏Eddy current 涡流Instrument transducer 测量互感器Copper loss 铜损Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘Iron loss 铁损Bare conductor 裸导线Leakage flux 漏磁通Reclosing 重合闸Autotransformer 自耦变压器Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心Zero sequence current 零序电流Pulverizer 磨煤机Series (shunt) compensation 串（并）联补偿Drum 汽包，炉筒Restriking 电弧重燃Superheater 过热器Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪Peak-load 峰荷Tidal current 潮流Prime grid substation 主网变电站Trip coil 跳闸线圈Reactive power` 无功功率Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Active power 有功功率Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路Shunt reactor 并联电抗器Feeder 馈电线Blackout 断电、停电Skin effect 集肤效应Extra-high voltage (EHV) 超高压Potential stress 电位应力(电场强度)Ultra-high voltage (UHV) 特高压Capacitor bank 电容器组Domestic load 民用电crusher 碎煤机Reserve capacity 备用容量pulverizer 磨煤机Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂baghouse 集尘室Combustion turbine 燃气轮机Stationary (moving) blade 固定（可动）叶片Right-of-way 线路走廊Shaft 转轴Rectifier 整流器Kinetic(potential) energy 动（势）能Inductive (Capacitive) 电感的(电容的) Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站Reactance (impedance) 电抗（阻抗）Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Reactor 电抗器Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻（沸）水反应堆Reactive 电抗的，无功的Stator(rotor) 定（转）子Phase displacement (shift) 相移Armature 电枢Surge 冲击，过电压Salient-pole 凸极Retaining ring 护环Slip ring 滑环Carbon brush 炭刷Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈Short-circuit ratio 短路比Primary(backup) relaying 主(后备)继电保护Induction 感应Phase shifter 移相器Autotransformer 自藕变压器Power line carrier (PLC) 电力线载波（器）Bushing 套管Line trap 线路限波器Turn (turn ratio) 匝（匝比，变比）Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源Power factor 功率因数Spot power price 实时电价Tap 分接头Time-of-use(tariff) 分时（电价）Recovery voltage 恢复电压XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene )交联聚乙烯（电缆）Arc reignition 电弧重燃Rms (root mean square) 均方根值Operation mechanism 操动机构RF (radio frequency) 射频Pneumatic(hydraulic) 气动（液压）Rpm (revolution per minute) 转/分Nameplate 铭牌LAN (local area network) 局域网Independent pole operation 分相操作LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管Malfunction 失灵Single (dual, ring) bus 单（双，环形）母线Shield wire 避雷线IC (integrated circuit) 集成电路Creep distance 爬电距离FFT (fast Fourier transform) 快速傅立叶变换Silicon rubber 硅橡胶Telemeter 遥测Composite insulator 合成绝缘子Load shedding 甩负荷Converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器）Lateral 支线Bus tie breaker 母联断路器Power-flow current 工频续流Protective relaying 继电保护sparkover 放电Transfer switching 倒闸操作Silicon carbide 碳化硅Outgoing (incoming) line 出（进）线Zinc oxide 氧化锌Phase Lead(lag) 相位超前（滞后）Withstand test 耐压试验Static var compensation (SVC) 静止无功补偿Dispatcher 调度员Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) 灵活交流输电系统Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) 监控与数据采集EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) 电磁兼容ISO (international standardization organization) 国际标准化组织GIS (gas insulated substation, geographic information system) 气体绝缘变电站,地理信息系统IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) 国际电工（技术）委员会IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 电气与电子工程师学会（美）IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers) 电气工程师学会（英）scale 刻度，量程calibrate 校准rated 额定的terminal 接线端子fuse 保险丝，熔丝humidity 湿度resonance 谐振，共振moisture 潮湿，湿气analytical 解析的operation amplifier 运算放大器numerical 数字的amplitude modulation (AM) 调幅frequency-domain 频域frequency modulation (FM) 调频time-domain 时域binary 二进制operation amplifier 运算放大器octal 八进制active filter 有源滤波器decimal 十进制passive filter 无源滤波器hexadecimal 十六进制power system 电力系统impulse current 冲击电流power network 电力网络impulse flashover 冲击闪络insulation 绝缘inhomogenous field 不均匀场overvoltage 过电压insulation coordination 绝缘配合aging 老化internal discharge 内部放电alternating current 交流电lightning stroke 雷电波AC transmission system 交流输电系统lightning overvoltage 雷电过电压arc discharge 电弧放电loss angle （介质）损耗角attachment coefficient 附着系数magnetic field 磁场attenuation factor 衰减系数mean free path 平均自由行程anode (cathode) 阳极（阴极）mean molecular velocity 平均分子速度breakdown （电）击穿negative ions 负离子bubble breakdown 气泡击穿non-destructive testing 非破坏性试验cathode ray oscilloscope 阴极射线示波器non-uniform field 不均匀场cavity 空穴,腔partial discharge 局部放电corona 电晕peak reverse voltage 反向峰值电压composite insulation 组合绝缘photoelectric emission 光电发射critical breakdown voltage 临界击穿电压photon 光子Discharge 放电phase-to-phase voltage 线电压Dielectric 电介质,绝缘体polarity effect 极性效应dielectric constant 介质常数power capacitor 电力电容dielectric loss 介质损耗quasi-uniform field 稍不均匀场direct current 直流电radio interference 无线干扰divider ratio 分压器分压比rating of equipment 设备额定值grounding 接地routing testing 常规试验electric field 电场residual capacitance 残余电容electrochemical deterioration 电化学腐蚀shielding 屏蔽electron avalanche 电子崩short circuit testing 短路试验electronegative gas 电负性气体space charge 空间电荷epoxy resin 环氧树脂streamer breakdown 流注击穿expulsion gap 灭弧间隙surface breakdown 表面击穿field strength 场强sustained discharge 自持放电field stress 电场力switching overvoltage 操作过电压field distortion 场畸变thermal breakdown 热击穿field gradient 场梯度treeing 树枝放电field emission 场致发射uniform field 均匀场flashover 闪络wave front(tail) 波头（尾）gaseous insulation 气体绝缘withstand voltage 耐受电压Prime mover 原动机Power factor 功率因数Torque 力矩Distribution automation system 配电网自动化系统Servomechanism 伺服系统Automatic meter reading 自动抄表Boiler 锅炉Armature 电枢Internal combustion engine 内燃机Brush 电刷Deenergize 断电Commutator 换向器Underground cable 地下电缆Counter emf 反电势Loop system 环网系统 Demagnetization 退磁，去磁Distribution system 配电系统 Relay panel 继电器屏Trip circuit 跳闸电路 Tertiary winding 第三绕组Switchboard 配电盘，开关屏 Eddy current 涡流Instrument transducer 测量互感器 Copper loss 铜损Oil-impregnated paper 油浸纸绝缘 Iron loss 铁损Bare conductor 裸导线 Leakage flux 漏磁通Reclosing 重合闸 Autotransformer 自耦变压器Distribution dispatch center 配电调度中心 Zero sequence current 零序电流Pulverizer 磨煤机 Series (shunt) compensation 串（并）联补偿Drum 汽包，炉筒 Restriking 电弧重燃Superheater 过热器 Automatic oscillograph 自动录波仪Peak-load 峰荷 Tidal current 潮流Prime grid substation 主网变电站 Trip coil 跳闸线圈Reactive power` 无功功率 Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Active power 有功功率 Main and transfer busbar 单母线带旁路Shunt reactor 并联电抗器 Feeder 馈电线Blackout 断电、停电 Skin effect 集肤效应Extra-high voltage (EHV) 超高压 Potential stress 电位应力(电场强度) Ultra-high voltage (UHV) 特高压 Capacitor bank 电容器组Domestic load 民用电 crusher 碎煤机Reserve capacity 备用容量 pulverizer 磨煤机Fossil-fired power plant 火电厂 baghouse 集尘室Combustion turbine 燃气轮机 Stationary (moving) blade 固定（可动）叶片Right-of-way 线路走廊 Shaft 转轴Rectifier 整流器 Kinetic(potential) energy 动（势）能Inductive (Capacitive) 电感的(电容的) Pumped storage power station 抽水蓄能电站Reactance (impedance) 电抗（阻抗） Synchronous condenser 同步调相机Reactor 电抗器 Light(boiling)-water reactor 轻（沸）水反应堆Reactive 电抗的，无功的 Stator(rotor) 定（转）子Phase displacement (shift) 相移 Armature 电枢Surge 冲击，过电压 Salient-pole 凸极Retaining ring 护环 Slip ring 滑环Carbon brush 炭刷 Arc suppression coil 消弧线圈Short-circuit ratio 短路比 Primary(backup) relaying 主(后备)继电保护Induction 感应 Phase shifter 移相器Autotransformer 自藕变压器 Power line carrier (PLC) 电力线载波（器）Bushing 套管 Line trap 线路限波器Turn (turn ratio) 匝（匝比，变比） Uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源Power factor 功率因数 Spot power price 实时电价Tap 分接头 Time-of-use(tariff) 分时（电价）Recovery voltage 恢复电压 XLPE(Cross Linked Polyethylene )交联聚乙烯（电缆）Arc reignition 电弧重燃 Rms (root mean square) 均方根值Operation mechanism 操动机构 RF (radio frequency) 射频Pneumatic(hydraulic) 气动（液压） Rpm (revolution per minute) 转/分Nameplate 铭牌 LAN (local area network) 局域网Independent pole operation 分相操作 LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管Malfunction 失灵 Single (dual, ring) bus 单（双，环形）母线Shield wire 避雷线 IC (integrated circuit) 集成电路Creep distance 爬电距离 FFT (fast Fourier transform) 快速傅立叶变换Silicon rubber 硅橡胶 Telemeter 遥测Composite insulator 合成绝缘子 Load shedding 甩负荷Converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器） Lateral 支线Bus tie breaker 母联断路器 Power-flow current 工频续流Protective relaying 继电保护 sparkover 放电Transfer switching 倒闸操作 Silicon carbide 碳化硅Outgoing (incoming) line 出（进）线 Zinc oxide 氧化锌Phase Lead(lag) 相位超前（滞后） Withstand test 耐压试验Static var compensation (SVC) 静止无功补偿 Dispatcher 调度员Flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) 灵活交流输电系统Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) 监控与数据采集EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) 电磁兼容ISO (international standardization organization) 国际标准化组织GIS (gas insulated substation, geographic information system) 气体绝缘变电站,地理信息系统IEC (international Electrotechnical Commission) 国际电工（技术）委员会IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 电气与电子工程师学会（美）IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers) 电气工程师学会（英）scale 刻度，量程 calibrate 校准rated 额定的 terminal 接线端子fuse 保险丝，熔丝 humidity 湿度resonance 谐振，共振 moisture 潮湿，湿气analytical 解析的 operation amplifier 运算放大器numerical 数字的 amplitude modulation (AM) 调幅frequency-domain 频域 frequency modulation (FM) 调频time-domain 时域 binary 二进制operation amplifier 运算放大器 octal 八进制active filter 有源滤波器 decimal 十进制passive filter 无源滤波器 hexadecimal 十六进制。
X2B中文资料
Multiple plated thru holes
to ground
.063 SQ TYP [1.60]
.034 TYP [0.86]
.034 TYP [0.86]
Dimensions are in Inches [Millimeters] X2B Rev .00
-70.00
-80.00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
Frequency (MHz)
Mounting In order for Xinger crossovers to work optimally, there must be 50 transmission lines leading to and from all of the RF ports. Also, there must be a very good ground to the corners of the crossover to insure proper electrical performance. If either of these two conditions are not satisfied, insertion loss, VSWR and isolation parameters may not meet published specifications.
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS**
Frequency
Port Impedance Return Loss
Isolation
GHz
Ohms
dB Min
DB Min
DC – 2.5
50
NRX系列电源设备升级指南说明书
Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgradeWARNING(1) ONLY QUALIFIED ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL SHOULD BEPERMITTED TO WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT.(2) ALWAYS DE-ENERGIZE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUITS IFA CIRCUIT BREAKER CANNOT BE REMOVED TO A SAFE WORKLOCATION.(3) DRAWOUT CIRCUIT BREAKERS SHOULD BE LEVERED (RACKED)OUT TO THE DISCONNECT POSITION.(4) ALL CIRCUIT BREAKERS SHOULD BE SWITCHED TO THE OFFPOSITION AND MECHANISM SPRINGS DISCHARGED.FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE STEPS FOR ALL PROCEDURESDESCRIBED IN THIS INSTRUCTION LEAFLET COULD RESULT INDEATH, BODILY INJURY, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE.WARNINGTHE INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS IL AND ON PRODUCTLABELS HAVE TO BE FOLLOWED. OBSERVE THE FIVE SAFETY RULES:– DISCONNECTING– ENSURE THAT DEVICES CANNOT BE ACCIDENTALLY RESTARTED– V ERIFY ISOLATION FROM THE SUPPLY– E ARTHING AND SHORT-CIRCUITING– C OVERING OR PROVIDING BARRIERS TO ADJACENT LIVE PARTSDISCONNECT THE EQUIPMENT FROM THE SUPPLY. USE ONLYAUTHORIZED SPARE PARTS IN THE REPAIR OF THE EQUIPMENT.THE SPECIFIED MAINTENANCE INTERVALS AS WELL AS THEINSTRUCTIONS FOR REPAIR AND EXCHANGE MUST BE STRICTLYADHERED TO PREVENT INJURY TO PERSONNEL AND DAMAGE TOTHE SWITCHBOARD.2Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeEATON Section 1: General information about the updated drawout secondary terminal blocksThese instructions detail the upgrade process from the Series NRX with Digitrip drawout secondary terminal blocks to the Series NRX with PXR drawout secondary terminal blocks. The number of termi-nal blocks and contact points change slightly from the Digitrip design to the PXR design (see Table 1). The number of terminal blocks mounted depends on a number of considerations, such as whether the circuit breaker is electrically or manually operated and how many features are required.T ools/materials required• #2 Phillips head screwdriver •Slotted 1/8” / 3 mm screwdriverFigure 1. Contents of kit.Kit parts identificationRefer to Figure 1 for visual identification of the parts listed below:(A) Terminal block NF – (14) RF – (24)(B) Terminal bracket NF – (1) RF – (2)(C) Alignment bracket NF – (1) RF – (2)(D) Jumper wire(1)(E) Cassette secondary over label NF – (1) RF – (1)(F) Cassette catalog # over label(1)Terminal block (A)NF - (14) RF - (24)Jumper wire (D)Terminal bracket (B)NF - (1) RF - (2)Cassette catalog # over label (F)Alignment bracket (C)NF - (1) RF - (2)Cassette secondary over label (E)NF - (1) RF - (1)3Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgrade EATON T able 1. T erminal block and contact point changes from the sec-ondary terminal block upgrade.NF frame(1 individual cradle)RF frame(2 individual cradles)Terminal blocksContact pointsTerminal blocksContact pointsSeries NRX with Digitrip27544692Series NRX with PXR (upgrade)14562496IMPORTANTSOME SECONDARY CONTROL POINTS HAVE CHANGED BETWEENDESIGNS. REVIEW THE CROSS REFERENCE INFORMATION PROVIDED INTABLE 2 TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THESE CHANGES.T able 2. PXR/Digitrip cross reference.NF point cross referencePXR point positionPXR point nameDigitrip point positionGeneral description Function Individual point description1ST1+1Shunt tripRemote tripping Shunt trip positive 2ST2-2Shunt trip negative3UV1+3Under voltage release Remote trippingUVR positive/second shunt trip positive 4UV2-4UVR negative/second shunt trip negative5OT1C 5Bell alarm 1Indicates when breaker opens via the trip unit.Over-current trip switch 1 common 6OT1M 6Over-current trip switch 1 make (will “make” when breaker trips).7OT1B 7Over-current trip switch 1 break (will “break” when breaker trips).8ACCY18Bell alarm 2Indicates when breaker opens via the trip unit.Over-current trip switch 2 break (will “break” when breaker trips).9ACCY29Over-current trip switch 2 common.4Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeEATONT able 2. PXR/Digitrip cross reference.NF point cross referencePXR point PXR point Digitrip point ote:N Shaded table cells indicate a position change. Digitrip point positions not listed are no longer used on NRX with PXR(cont.).5Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgrade EATON T able 2. PXR/digitrip cross reference (cont.).RF point cross referencePXR point positionPXR point nameDigitrip point positionGeneral description Function Individual point description1ST1+1Shunt tripRemote tripping Shunt trip positive 2ST2-2Shunt trip negative3UV1+3Under-voltage release Remote trippingUVR positive/second shunt trip positive 4UV2-4UVR negative/second shunt trip negative5OT1C 5Bell alarm 1Indicates when breaker opens via the trip unit.Over-current trip switch 1 common 6OT1M 6Over-current trip switch 1 “make” (makes when breaker trips).7OT1B 7Over-current trip switch 1 “break” (breaks when breaker trips).8OT2B 8Bell alarm 2Indicates when breaker opens via the trip unit .Over-current trip switch 2 “break” (breaks when breaker trips).9OT2C 9Over-current trip switch 2 common6Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeEATONT able 2. PXR/digitrip cross reference (cont.).RF point cross referencePXR point positionPXR point nameDigitrip point positionGeneral description Function Individual point description33MODBA N/A ModBus communication ModBus communication onboardtrip unitPXR onboard ModBus 34MODBB N/A PXR onboard ModBus 35MODBG N/A PXR onboard ModBus362CMM2N/A Trip unit communica-tions module #1Trip unit communications Second Comm channel - transmit negative 372CMM3N/A Second Comm channel - receive positive 382CMM4N/A Second Comm channel - receive negative 392CMM1N/A Second Comm channel - transmit positive40ARCON140Arc flash detection systemEaton arc flash protection system ARCON 41ARCON241ARCON 58A158Aux switch 1 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).59B159Aux switch 1 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).60B260Auxiliary switch 2Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 2 “common”61C261Aux switch 2 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).62A262Aux switch 2 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).7Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgrade EATON T able 2. PXR/digitrip cross reference (cont.).RF point cross referencePXR point positionPXR point nameDigitrip point positionGeneral description Function Individual point description63C363Auxiliary switch 3Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 3 “common”64A364Aux switch 3 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).65B365Aux switch 3 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).66B466Auxiliary switch 4Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 4 “common”67C467Aux switch 4 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).68A468Aux switch 4 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).69C569Auxiliary switch 5Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 5 “common”70A570Aux switch 5 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).71B571Aux switch 5 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).72B672Auxiliary switch 6Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 6 “common”73C673Aux switch 6 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).74A674Aux switch 6 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).75C775Auxiliary switch 7Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 7 “common”76A776Aux switch 7 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).77B777Aux switch 7 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).78B878Auxiliary switch 8Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 8 “common”79C879Aux switch 8 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).80A880Aux switch 8 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).81C981Auxiliary switch 9Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 9 “common”82A982Aux switch 9 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).83B983Aux switch 9 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).84B1084Auxiliary switch 10Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 10 “common”85C1085Aux switch 10 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).86A1086Aux switch 10 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).87C1187Auxiliary switch 11Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 11 “common”88A1188Aux switch 11 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).89B1189Aux switch 11 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).90B1290Auxiliary switch 12Indicates breaker open/closed status Aux switch 12 “common”91C1291Aux switch 12 “make” (makes when pole shaft is open).92A1292Aux switch 12 “break” (breaks when pole shaft is open).93-N/A Future Future Future 94-N/A Future Future Future 95-N/A Future Future Future 96-N/AFutureFutureFuture* Jumper wire must be installed between positions 11 and 12 if an external neutral current sensor is not installed.ote:N Shaded table cells indicate a position change. Digitrip point positions not listed are no longer used on NRX with PXR.IMPORTANT:SHADED TABLE CELLS INDICATE A POSITION CHANGE. DIGITRIP POINT POSITIONS NOT LISTED ARE NO LONGER USED ON NRX WITH PXR.Instructional Leaflet IL0131131EN Effective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeSection 2: Removing NRX with Digitrip dra-wout secondary terminal blocksIMPORTANT:KEEP IN MIND THAT SECONDARY TERMINAL BLOCKS ASSOCIATED In addition, a terminal block alignment bracket is bolted in placeto provide for proper alignment and separation of each individual terminal block during the levering (racking) process. Two alignment brackets are used with the RF frame cassette since two cradles are required to accommodate the additional terminal blocks (see Figures 4 and 5).9Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgradeEATON Step 4. Remove any terminal block by inserting a small screwdriver (1/8” / 3 mm) in the recessed area in the top front of the terminal block as shown (see Figure 8), and gently pry down to release and remove the block from the DIN rail.Figure 11. Cassette secondary over label.The drawout terminal block and alignment bracket(s) for NRX with PXR operate similarly to the previous parts in the drawout second-ary kit for NRX with Digitrip. Drawout terminal block brackets are supplied as part of the cassette and have etched numerical identifi-cations. All of these identifications match the identifications on the breaker’s secondary plug housing to ensure accurate terminal block placement.10Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeEATON Step 2. Install the terminal block mounting bracket(s) (B ) onto the arc hood using a #2 Phillips head screwdriver. Place the cassette secondary over label (E ) on top of the Digitrip secondary markings “molded in” to the arc hood. Align the label such that PXR markings line up with the locations on the terminal block mounting bracket.ote:N On the RF Frame, 2 over labels will be needed to cover the “molded in” markings on the arc hood.Figure 12. T erminal block mounting bracket and cassette sec-ondary over label installation.Step 3. Connect the bottom part of the terminal block (A ) to the lower part of the mounting bracket. Ensure the terminal block is positioned accurately.11Instructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Series NRX with PXR - instructions for drawout secondary upgrade EATON Step 7. Once the terminal block alignment bracket is in place,inspect it from the bottom to ensure that the teeth on the bracket separate each individual terminal block. Only one installed terminal block should be visible between two teeth when the alignment bracket is properly positioned.Figure 17. Inspecting the alignment bracket (NF frame).Step 8. Install the provided jumper wire (D ) between secondary terminal positions 11 (N1) and 12 (N2). If an external neutral current transformer is used with the cassette, then this step may be omitted and the jumper wire discarded.Figure 18. Installing the jumper wire (not needed in all cases) (NF frame).Step 9. Since the cassette is now upgraded for use with the PXR trip unit, the cassette catalog # has changed. Please refer to Table 3 for details on the catalog number changes with the secondary ter-minal upgrade. A label (F ) is provided to cover up the old cassette catalog number, replacing it with a new catalog # designation. Fill in the blank fields on the provided label (listed below).• ORIGINAL CATALOG #;• ORIGINAL CATALOG # DATE;• RETROFIT CATALOG #; and •RETROFIT CATALOG # DATE.Jumper wireT able 3. Cassette catalog # cross reference.Digitrip CAT #PXR CAT #NC NA NM or NE NG NX NY RE RG IZMX...IZMX...-1ote:N There are two styles of the cassette catalog #’s. For the catalog # beginning with N or R, character “2” is the only character that changes when the cassette is upgraded for PXR. For the catalog # starting with IZMX, the original catalog # remains the same but, a “-1” is added to the end of the entire catalog number.Figure 19. Installing the cassette catalog # over label.Step 10. Secondary terminal installation is complete. Refer to Table 2 to find the updated location of control points and begin rewiring.Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122 United States © 2016 EatonAll Rights ReservedPrinted in USAPublication No. IL0131131EN / TBG001342 Part No. IL0131131ENH01December 2016Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks are propertyof their respective owners.Series NRX with PXR - instructions fordrawout secondary upgradeInstructional Leaflet IL0131131ENEffective December 2016Disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liabilityThe information, recommendations, descriptions and safety nota-tions in this document are based on Eaton Corporation’s (“Eaton”) experience and judgment and may not cover all contingencies. If further information is required, an Eaton sales office should be con-sulted. Sale of the product shown in this literature is subject to the terms and conditions outlined in appropriate Eaton selling policies or other contractual agreement between Eaton and the purchaser. THERE ARE NO UNDERSTANDINGS, AGREEMENTS, WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR MERCHANTABILITY, OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFICALL Y SET OUT IN ANY EXISTING CONTRACT BETWEEN THE PARTIES. ANY SUCH CONTRACT STATES THE ENTIRE OBLIGATION OF EATON. THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT SHALL NOT BECOME PART OF OR MODIFY ANY CONTRACT BETWEEN THE PARTIES.In no event will Eaton be responsible to the purchaser or user in contract, in tort (including negligence), strict liability or other-wisefor any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damage or loss whatsoever, including but not limited to damage or loss of use of equipment, plant or power system, cost of capital, loss of power, additional expenses in the use of existing power facilities, or claims against the purchaser or user by its customers resulting from the use of the information, recommendations and descriptions contained herein. The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.。
管道管件常用英语(全面、实用、难得).
管道管件常用英语1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶synthetic rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement 5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inre rnal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construct ion plot plan ( “G” issue) 5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C)坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable(4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partition wall墙wall篦子板grate; grating吊装孔erection opening吊梁hoisting beam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门fire door地漏floor drain防火层fire-proofing总图general plot plan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load动力荷载dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘local panel仪表盘instrument panel常开normally open常闭normally closed电缆槽（架）cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计manometer; pressure gauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计level gauge玻璃液位计gage glass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flow meter孔板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis气体分析gas analysis化学分析chemical analysis气相色谱仪gas chromatograph液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis 5.8.4 电气危险区划分hazardous area classification 危险区平面图hazardous area plan电气盘electrical panel配电盘switch board电缆沟cable trench电流current直流direct current交流alternating current频率frequency相位phase功率因数power factor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电static electricity接地grounding; easthing照明lighting; illumination避雷针lightning preventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱（盒）junction box导线管conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座fixed saddle滑动鞍座sliding saddle管口nozzle人孔manhole (MH)手孔handhole (HH)检查孔inspection hole吊柱davit切线tangent line焊接线weldingiine件号part humbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head加强圈reinforcing ring接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水raw water硬水hard water软水soft water饮用水potable water循环冷却水给水cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水cooling water return 脱盐水demineralized water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water生活污水sanitary sewer工业废水industrial waste water雨水rain water污染雨水contaminated rain water消防水fire water(2) 装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理water traatment冷却塔cooling tower中和池neutralization tank化粪池septic tank渗滤井soak-away pit井well阀井valve pit清扫口clean out（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮water monitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering灭火器fire extinguisher消防水泵fire pump消防车fire fighting truck泡沫消防foam fire-fighting泡沫栓foam hydrant泡沫炮foam monitor消防软管接头fire hose connection6 管道支吊架Pipe Supports and Hangers 6.1 管架零部件Attachment of Support管托shoe管卡clampU形夹（卡）clevis锻制U形夹forged steel clevis支耳；吊耳lug; ear耳轴trunnion止动挡块shear lug托座stool托架cradle带状卡strap clamp夹板，导向板cleat可调夹板adjustable cleat角板；连接板gusset筋；肋rib支承环ring加强板stiffiener底板base plate顶板top plate翅片式导向板fin预埋件embedded part; inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用）shim锚固件；生根件clip预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate连接板tie plate连接杆tie rod限制杆limit rod带环头拉杆eye rod。
安全阀参数及计算书1
1.000
24 附加变动Super. Min/Max
0.690 MPa(G) 10 %
MPa(G) / 0.047 MPa(G)
17 粘 度 Viscosity
μ
25 排放背压 Bulit-Up
18 工作温度 Oper. Temp.
282
oC 26 总背压 Total
Pb
19 排放温度 Reliev. Temp. T
HCL
20 工作压力 Oper. Pressure
0.048 MPa(G)
12 介质状态 State
13 摩尔质量 Mol. Weight
M
14 密 度 Density
ρ
15 绝热指数Spe. Heat Ratio k
16 压缩系数Compress. Factor Z
Gas
21 整定压力 Set Pressure Ps
μ
25 排放背压 Bulit-Up
18 工作温度 Oper. Temp.
232
oC 26 总背压 Total
Pb
19 排放温度 Reliev. Temp. T
230
oC 27 所需排量Required Cap. W
MPa(G) 0.000 MPa(G) 128.8 kg/h
计 算 和 选 择 CALCULATION AND SELECTION
Kc：爆破片修正系数 RUPTURE DISK CORRECTION FACTOR 1.00
C：气体特征系数 COEFFICIENT DETERMINED BY k 357
北京航天动力研究所
（原中国航天科技集团公司第十一研究所(京)） BEIJING AEROSPACE PROPULSION INSTITUTE
X-CTU软件与USB RF模式驱动安装指南说明书
Install USB RF Modem Drivers(Hardware USB Bus & Virtual Com Port drivers)Range Test SetupRequirements for Range TestInstall X-CTU SoftwareXTend-PKG-U™ USB RF ModemQuick Start GuideRange Test SetupRange Test ExecutionTips and Suggestions Contact MaxStreamMD0024 • One XTend-PKG-U ™ USB RF Modem• One XTend-PKG-R ™ RS-232/485 RF Modem• Accessories (USB cable, Loopback Adapter , 2 Power Supplies, 2 RPSMA Antennas) • One computer (Windows 98 SE, 2000 or XP) that has an available USB port and is loaded with the following software: X-CTU Software & USB RF Modem drivers © 2005 MaxStream, Inc. All rights reserved.Create a long range wireless link in minutes!Hardware SetupRange Test Setup (continued)Figure 2. PC Settings tabCom Port dedicated to the PKG-U RF Modem ”MaxStream PKG-U (COM#)”PC com port enumerations can also be viewed through the “Ports (COM & LPT)” entry of the Microsoft Windows Device Manager.Use the "PC Settings" and "Range Test" tabs of the X-CTU Software to:• Assign which PC serial com port to use when communicating withXTend RF Modems [step 2 of "Range Test" below]• Measure XTend RF Modem's range [steps 1-7 shown below]Range Test ExecutionRange TestTips and SuggestionsModify Interface Data Rate of RF Modem (Optional)OEMs and integrators can interface with XTend RF Modems at different baudrates than the modem defaults. To change the modem’s serial interfacing rate, first select the PC com port baud rate that matches the modem’s default [steps 1-2 below]. Then change the baud rate of the modem itself [steps 3-7]. Lastly, select the baud rate of the PC com port to match the newly set baud rate of the modem [step 8].Modify Interface Data Rate (Optional)Create a Wireless Link between DevicesA pair of RF Modems can be used in lieu of a cable to create a wireless linkbetween devices. The topology below illustrates a basic wireless strategy that can be used when connecting to target devices such as automatic meter readers, fleet management devices, remote weather stations and a host of other applications.When connecting devices, consider the following:• U se the male-to-male NULL modem adapter to connect Radio2 to a target serial device [Figure 6]. Signals crossover inside the adapter.• T o verify cabling is functioning properly, insert a female-to-female NULL modem adapter in place of Radio1 and Radio2, then testcommunications without the RF modems in the link.Contact MaxStream (Office hours are 8am – 5pm U.S. mountain standard time) Phone:(801)765-9885,LiveChat:,E-mail:***********************。