饱和器法生产硫酸铵回收氨

煤化工利用生产技术中，炼焦是应用最早的工艺，并且至今仍然是煤化工工业的重要组成部分。炼焦主要产品是生产炼铁用焦炭，同时生产焦炉煤气、苯、萘、蒽、沥青以及碳素材料等产品。

在炼焦过程中，煤中的氮有1.2%~1.5%与芳香烃发生化合反应生产吡啶盐基。其生成量主要取决于煤中氮含量及炼焦温度。一般在煤气初冷器后煤气含吡啶盐基约为0.4~0.6 g/m3，其中轻吡啶盐基约占75%~85%。回炉煤气中吡啶盐基含量约0.02~0.05 g/m3，即回收率达90%~95%。

本设计分别采用饱和器法生产硫酸铵回收氨，中和器法提取粗轻吡啶。对于饱和器法生产硫酸铵的工艺，煤气经鼓风机和电捕焦油器之后进入预热器，然后进入饱和器。煤气穿过饱和器在除酸器分离出液滴后，去脱硫或粗苯回收段。结晶母液用泵从饱和器底部送至结晶槽，沉淀出结晶后满流母液回到饱和器。结晶经分离器，干燥器成为硫酸铵成品。对于中和器法提取粗轻吡啶，母液从结晶槽回流入沉淀槽，同蒸氨分凝器来的氨气一起进入中和器。分解出的吡啶蒸汽等进入冷却器，经油水分离器后上层粗吡啶进入计量槽，放入储槽。下层的分离水返回中和器。

硫酸铵产量1362.6kg/h；硫酸消耗量1367.1kg/h；氨损失率0.54%；带入饱和器总水量1408kg/h；饱和器出口煤气中水蒸气分压7.75kPa；母液最低温度54℃；煤气预热温度69.6℃；饱和器中央煤气管直径1530 mm；煤气进口管直径1090 mm；饱和器直径5000mm；饱和器高度7740 mm；除酸器进口管外径1660 mm；除酸器直径2720 mm；除酸器出口管在器内部分高度4150 mm；干燥器的沸腾床面积0.778㎡；干燥器直径1000 mm；干燥器溢流口高度388 mm；从反应器回收的吡啶盐基量18.355kg/h；母液处理量1087.29l/h；氨气的分配给中和器的质量分数95.7%；中和器直径1220 mm；中和器筒体高度1220 mm；中和器总高1775 mm；保温面积7.97㎡；设备质量756.03kg

关键词：氮；氨；硫酸；饱和器；母液；硫酸铵：结晶：中和器；粗轻吡啶

Use of coal chemical production technology, the coking process is applied first, and the coal chemical industry is still an important part. Coking main product is the production of iron using coke, while production of coke oven gas, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, carbon materials, asphalt and other products.

In the coking process, coal nitrogen with 1.2% to 1.5% of ammonia production with the aromatic pyridine base. Its amount depends on the nitrogen content of coal and coke temperature. Usually early in the gas after the gas cooler containing pyridine base is about 0.4 ~ 0.6 g/m3, which accounts for about 75% light pyridinium ~ 85%. Recycled content of gas in the pyridine base is about 0.02 ~ 0.05 g/m3, the recovery rate of 90% to 95%.

The design of devices were used to the production of ammonium sulfate saturation recovery of ammonia, medium and light crude pyridine extraction device. Saturated ammonium sulfate for the production of process devices, gas and electricity by the blower after the tar into the preheater, then into the saturator. Saturated gas through the separation device in addition to the acid droplet, the last section of desulfurization or benzene recovery. Crystal liquor pump from the bottom of saturated sent to the crystallizer to precipitate out a full stream after crystallization mother liquor back to saturator. Crystallization by the separators, dryers as ammonium sulfate product. And devices for the extraction of light crude pyridine, mother liquor from the crystallization tank back into the settling tank, with the ammonia to the ammonia segregation device and went into the device. Decomposition of pyridine vapor from entering the cooler through the upper crude oil and water separator after the pyridine into the metering tank, into the tank. Lower returns in the separation of water and the device.

Ammonium sulfate production 1362.6kg / h; sulfuric acid consumption 1367.1kg / h; ammonia loss rate of 0.54%; the total amount of water into the saturator 1408kg / h; saturated outlet gas in the steam pressure 7.75kPa; liquor minimum temperature