中央财经大学会计专业英语教程Chapter1
大学初级会计英语教材
大学初级会计英语教材Chapter 1: Introduction to AccountingAccounting is an essential aspect of any business or organization, as it involves the systematic recording, analyzing, and reporting of financial transactions. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the key concepts and principles in accounting, including the accounting equation, double-entry bookkeeping, and the basic financial statements.1.1 The Accounting EquationThe accounting equation, also known as the balance sheet equation, is the foundation of accounting. It states that assets equal liabilities plus equity. This equation is essential for understanding how financial transactions impact a company's financial position.1.2 Double-Entry BookkeepingDouble-entry bookkeeping is a method used by accountants to record financial transactions. It requires every transaction to have at least two entries: a credit and a debit. This system ensures that the accounting equation remains balanced and accurate.1.3 Financial StatementsFinancial statements provide a snapshot of a company's financial performance and position. The three main financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. These statements allow stakeholders to assess the profitability, liquidity, and stability of a business.Chapter 2: The Accounting CycleThe accounting cycle is a series of steps that accountants follow to record, classify, and summarize financial transactions. In this chapter, we will explore each step in detail and discuss how it contributes to producing accurate and reliable financial information.2.1 Analyzing and Recording TransactionsThe first step in the accounting cycle involves analyzing and recording financial transactions. Accountants review supporting documents, such as invoices and receipts, and identify the appropriate accounts to record the transactions.2.2 Posting to the General LedgerAfter recording transactions, accountants post the information to the general ledger. The general ledger is a comprehensive record of all the accounts used in the accounting system. It provides a complete overview of a company's financial transactions.2.3 Adjusting EntriesDuring the accounting period, certain adjustments may be necessary to ensure that the financial statements reflect the correct financial position. Adjusting entries are made to account for items such as accrued expenses, prepaid expenses, and depreciation.2.4 Preparing Financial StatementsOnce all transactions are recorded and adjusted, accountants can proceed to prepare the financial statements. The income statement reports thecompany's revenues, expenses, and net income, while the balance sheet presents the assets, liabilities, and equity. The cash flow statement shows the inflows and outflows of cash.Chapter 3: Cost AccountingCost accounting is a branch of accounting that focuses on the analysis of costs for decision-making purposes. This chapter introduces the basic concepts and techniques used in cost accounting.3.1 Cost ClassificationCosts can be classified into various categories, such as direct costs, indirect costs, variable costs, and fixed costs. Understanding these classifications is crucial for accurately calculating and analyzing costs.3.2 Cost-Volume-Profit AnalysisCost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a tool used to examine the relationship between costs, volume, and profits. It helps managers make informed decisions regarding pricing, production levels, and cost control.3.3 Costing MethodsDifferent costing methods, such as job costing, process costing, and activity-based costing, are used to allocate costs to products or services. Each method has its advantages and is suitable for different types of businesses.Chapter 4: Financial Statement AnalysisFinancial statement analysis involves examining a company's financial statements to assess its financial health and performance. This chapter explores the various tools and ratios used in financial statement analysis.4.1 Ratio AnalysisRatio analysis involves calculating and interpreting financial ratios, such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios. These ratios provide insights into a company's liquidity, profitability, and ability to meet its long-term obligations.4.2 Vertical and Horizontal AnalysisVertical analysis compares each item on a financial statement to a base item, usually expressed as a percentage. Horizontal analysis, on the other hand, compares financial statement items across multiple periods to identify trends and changes.4.3 Limitations of Financial Statement AnalysisWhile financial statement analysis is a valuable tool, it does have limitations. Factors such as industry-specific considerations, accounting policies, and non-financial factors should also be considered when evaluating a company's financial performance.ConclusionThis introductory accounting textbook covers the fundamental concepts and principles of accounting, the accounting cycle, cost accounting, and financial statement analysis. It provides students with a solid foundation inaccounting principles and practices, preparing them for further study or a career in accounting.。
基础财务知识英语教程
基础财务知识英语教程Welcome to the Basic Financial Knowledge English Tutorial! In this comprehensive guide, we will cover essential financial concepts and terminology that are crucial for anyone looking to understand or excel in the world of finance. Let's dive right in.Chapter 1: Introduction to Finance- Understanding the Role of Finance in Business- The Importance of Cash Flow- Key Financial Statements: Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow StatementChapter 2: Financial Terminology- Assets, Liabilities, and Equity- Revenue, Profit, and Loss- Terms of Credit and PaymentChapter 3: Accounting Principles- The Double-Entry Bookkeeping System- Accrual vs. Cash Basis Accounting- GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards)Chapter 4: Financial Analysis- Ratio Analysis: Current Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Return on Investment (ROI)- Understanding Financial Statements- Break-even AnalysisChapter 5: Budgeting and Forecasting- Creating a Budget- Pro Forma Financial Statements- Forecasting Techniques: Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up ApproachChapter 6: Risk Management- Identifying Financial Risks- Hedging Strategies- Insurance and Contingency PlanningChapter 7: Investment Basics- Different Types of Investments: Stocks, Bonds, Mutual Funds - Portfolio Diversification- Understanding Market Indices and Economic IndicatorsChapter 8: Taxation in Finance- Corporate and Personal Income Tax Basics- Deductions and Tax Credits- International Taxation and Transfer PricingChapter 9: Financial Planning and Strategy- Setting Financial Goals- Capital Budgeting and Project Evaluation- Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate RestructuringChapter 10: Ethics and Regulations in Finance- The Role of Ethics in Financial Decisions- Regulatory Bodies: SEC, FINRA, and Others- Compliance and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) MeasuresChapter 11: Financial Technology (FinTech)- Online Banking and Mobile Payments- Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies- AI and Machine Learning in FinanceChapter 12: Career Opportunities in Finance- Job Roles in Finance: Accountant, Financial Analyst, Investment Banker- Continuing Professional Education (CPE) and Certifications: CPA, CFA, CMA- Networking and Professional DevelopmentEach chapter will provide you with a solid foundation in financial concepts, as well as practical examples and exercises to reinforce your learning. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a strong grasp of the English language as it is used in the financial industry, enabling you to communicate effectively in a professional setting.Remember, finance is a vast field with its own unique language. This tutorial is designed to be a starting point. As you progress, you are encouraged to delve deeper into specific areas of interest to further your expertise. Happy learning!。
中级财务会计I(双语)课程ch01
2. Explain how accounting assists in the efficient use of scarce resources.
Income Statement or Statement of Comprehensive Income
Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Changes in Equity
Note Disclosures
President’s letter
Prospectuses
standard-setting process. 6. Explain the meaning of IFRS. 7. Describe the challenges facing financial reporting.
Slide 1-3
Financial Reporting and Accounting Standards
Political environment
Expectations gap
Significant financial reporting issues
Ethics
International convergence
Slets are becoming increasingly intertwined.
Slide 1-6
Global Markets
Financial Statements and Financial Reporting
Characteristics of accounting are:
金融会计学英文课件 (1)
23
l
The Role of Financial Reporting in Investment Decisions Content of Financial Reports The Economic Environment of Financial Reporting
The Four Kinds of Accounting
l
– Manages company – Hires auditor – Enters into debt/or compensation contract
22
Reporting entities are called companies, businesses and firms. l The companies may be further divided into segments and subsidiaries, which may provide their own financials. l Consolidated financials are prepared when subsidiaries are combined with the parent’s financials.
Overview
l
Suggested study methods
– We follow the textbook, cover one chapter for
one meeting in most time; – Preview based on the lecture note before class, hold your questions; – Participate in the class discussion, share your questions and comments actively; – Review the contents and try to finish the homework by yourselves.
会计英文教材第一集
FINANCIAL REPORTING
2
Learning Objectives
Describe the purpose of financial reporting and identify the primary financial statements.
Explain the function of accounting standards and describe the role of the FASB in setting these standards in the United States.
company (thgeeansesreatste),d thcreorutagihn interval, the the compbaunsyin’sess oampeoruatnitoonfs cash generated obligation(sre(vtheneues), tahnednceotnsumed by a
FAF SEC
AICPA
Other
GASAC GASB FASAC FASB AcSEC U.S. Gov't
IAPC
EITF
IASC
Financial Accounting
21
Standards Board (1973-present)
Seven full-time memb body.
5
Definition for Accounting
“Accounting is a service activity. Its
function is to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic decisions--in making reasoned choices among alternative courses of action.” (APB 4.40).
会计专业英语L11
Nashville, TN 37459 Clothes Mart Nashville, TN
May 31, 2006
Lesson 11
CASH CONTROL 现金控制
11- 1
Learning Objectives
Define internal control and identify requirements for good internal accounting control Apply internal control to cash receipts and disbursements Define cash and explain how to report them
11- 6
NEW WORDS, PHRASES AND SPECIAL TERMS
Internal control 内部控制 The measures an organization employsfor
fraud欺骗(行为) or misfeasance不当行为 ,滥用职权are minimized.
Issuing checks for payment of verified, approved and recorded obligations.
11- 16
Voucher System of Control
Cashier Accounting Receiving Supplier (Vendor) Purchasing Requesting
11- 15
Voucher System of Control
A voucher system establishes procedures for:
讲解中央财经大学会计专业英语教程讲义教材
There are many types of accounting information:
The simplest answer is that financial accounting provides information for managers to use in operating the business. In addition, financial accounting provides information to other stakeholders to use in assessing the economic performance and the condition of the business.
Define accounting, financial accounting, and financial statement. Describe and prepare a balance sheet; define assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. Explain the accounting bases and assumptions. Describe the accounting principles and measurement bases and qualitative characteristics of financial accounting information.
The users of the Financial Statement: the persons receiving these reports.
中央财经大学会计专业英语教程
presentation in financial statements.
cash and credits a liability account such as Unearned revenue, or customers’ deposit.
4.2 Long-Term Liabilities
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Long-term obligations usually arise from major expenditures, such as acquisitions of plant assets, the purchase of another company, or refinancing an existing long-term obligation which is about to mature.
Notes Payable
Unearned revenue A liability for unearned revenue arises when a customer pays in advance. Upon the receipt of an advance payment from customer, the company debts
Income Taxes Payable Payroll liability Payroll register
1.It is a special journal used for developing all of the information needed for processing and recording the payroll of a specific pay period. 2.Entry Example: p99
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Objectives of Financial reporting
Learning Objectives:
Define accounting, financial accounting, and financial statement. Describe and prepare a balance sheet; define assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. Explain the accounting bases and assumptions. Describe the accounting principles and measurement bases and qualitative characteristics of financial accounting information.
Financial Reporting: supplying general-purpose financial information about a business to people outside the organization.
Financial Statement: the principal means of reporting general-purpose financial information to the persons outside a business organization is a set of accounting reports.
Illustration 1-1. Financial Accounting Information and the Stakeholders of a Business
Identify stakeholders (Internal: Owners, managers, employees, etc. External: Customers, creditors, government, etc.)
Financial Accounting information is designed primarily to assist investors and creditors in deciding where to place their scarce investment resources.
An income statement, including the profitability of the business over the preceding years(or a particular time period).
A statement of cash flows, summarizing the cash receipts and cash payments of the business over the same time period covered by the income statements.
Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting Tax Accounting
Financial Accounting refers to information describing the financial resources, obligations, and activities of an economic entity(either an organization or an individual).
The objectives are to provide information that: Is useful to those making investment and credit
decisions; Is helpful in assessing future cash flows Indentifies the economic resources(assets), the claims
Revenue is recorded when it is earned and realized, regardless of when actual payment is received.
Two types of cash-basis accounting exist: Strict cash-basis modified cash-basis
Accrual-Basis
Records financial events based on economic activity rather than financial activity.
1.1 The purpose of Accounting and Financial Reporting
Accounting may be described as the process of identifying , measuring, recording, and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of that information.
The origins of accounting are generally attributed to the work of Luca Pacioli, an Italian Renaissance mathematician.
There are many types of accounting information:
English in Accounting Profession
September, 2009
Part Ⅰ Financial Accounting
Chapter 1. Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework
What is Accounting?
Accounting is the art of interpreting, measuring and communicating the results of economic activities.
The users of the Financial Statement: the persons receiving these reports.
A complete set of financial statements includes:
A balance sheet, showing at a particular point of time(a specific date) the financial position of the company by indicating the resources that it owns, the debts that it owes, and the amount of the owners’ equity(investment) in the business.
to those resources(liabilities), and the changes in those resources and claims.
1.2 Accounting basis and Accounting Assumptions
Two types of accounting basis
Assess stakeholders’ informational needs.
Prepare accounting reports for stakeholders.
Record economic data about business activities and events
Design the accounting information system to meet stakeholders’ needs
The simplest answer is that financial accounting provides information for managers to use in operating the business. In addition, financial accounting provides information to other stakeholders to use in assessing the economic performance and the condition of the business.
Accounting has often been called the language of business.
The use of accounting information is not limited to the business world.
Chapter Skeleton
The statement of cash flow reports
① the cash effects of a company’s perations during a period
② its investing transactions ③ its financing transactionsn cash during the period ⑤ the cash amount at the end of the period
A business is an organzation in which basic resources(inputs).