红外遥控系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
红外传感器论文中英文资料对照外文翻译
中英文资料对照外文翻译外文资料Moving Object Counting with an Infrared Sensor NetworkBy KI, Chi KeungAbstractWireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a hot research topic recently. Great benefit can be gained through the deployment of the WSN over a wide range of applications, covering the domains of commercial, military as well as residential. In this project, we design a counting system which tracks people who pass through a detecting zone as well as the corresponding moving directions. Such a system can be deployed in traffic control, resource management, and human flow control. Our design is based on our self-made cost-effective Infrared Sensing Module board which co-operates with a WSN. The design of our system includes Infrared Sensing Module design, sensor clustering, node communication, system architecture and deployment. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the system performance which demonstrates the efficiency of our Moving Object Counting system.Keywords:Infrared radiation，Wireless Sensor Node1.1 Introduction to InfraredInfrared radiation is a part of the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength lying between visible light and radio waves. Infrared have be widely used nowadays including data communications, night vision, object tracking and so on. People commonly use infrared in data communication, since it is easily generated and only suffers little from electromagnetic interference. Take the TV remote control as an example, which can be found in everyone's home. The infrared remote control systems use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to send out an IR (infrared) signal when the button is pushed. A different pattern of pulses indicates the corresponding button being pushed. To allow the control of multiple appliances such as a TV, VCR, and cable box, without interference, systems generally have a preamble and an address to synchronize the receiver and identify the source and location of the infrared signal. To encode the data, systems generally vary the width of the pulses (pulse-width modulation) or the width of the spaces between the pulses (pulse space modulation). Another popular system, bi-phase encoding, uses signal transitions to convey information. Each pulse is actually a burst of IR at the carrier frequency. A 'high' means a burst of IR energy at the carrier frequency and a 'low' represents an absence of IR energy. There is no encoding standard. However, while a great many home entertainment devices use their own proprietary encoding schemes, somequasi-standards do exist. These include RC-5, RC-6, and REC-80. In addition, many manufacturers, such as NEC, have also established their own standards.Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a hot research topic recently. Great benefit can be gained through the deployment of the WSN over a wide range of applications, covering the domains of commercial, military as well as residential. In this project, we design a counting system which tracks people who pass through a detecting zone as well as the corresponding moving directions. Such a system can be deployed in traffic control, resource management, and human flow control. Our design is based on our self-made cost-effective Infrared Sensing Module board which co-operates with a WSN. The design of our system includes Infrared Sensing Module design, sensor clustering, node communication, system architecture and deployment. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the system performance which demonstrates the efficiency of our Moving Object Counting system.1.2 Wireless sensor networkWireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network which consists of a vast number of autonomous sensor nodes using sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, acoustics, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. Each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, one or more sensors, and an energy source, usually a battery. The size of a single sensor node can be as large as a shoebox and can be as small as the size of a grain of dust, depending on different applications. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity requirement of the individual sensor nodes. The size and cost are constrained by sensor nodes, therefore, have result in corresponding limitations on available inputs such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth. The development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. Due to the advancement in micro-electronic mechanical system technology (MEMS), embedded microprocessors, and wireless networking, the WSN can be benefited in many civilian application areas, including habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, and home automation.1.3 Types of Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless sensor network nodes are typically less complex than general-purpose operating systems both because of the special requirements of sensor network applications and the resource constraints in sensor network hardware platforms. The operating system does not need to include support for user interfaces. Furthermore, the resource constraints in terms of memory and memory mapping hardware support make mechanisms such as virtual memory either unnecessary or impossible to implement. TinyOS [TinyOS] is possibly the first operating system specifically designed for wireless sensor networks. Unlike most other operating systems, TinyOS is based on an event-driven programming model instead of multithreading. TinyOS programs are composed into event handlers and tasks with run to completion-semantics. When an external event occurs, such as an incomingdata packet or a sensor reading, TinyOS calls the appropriate event handler to handle the event. The TinyOS system and programs are both written in a special programming language called nesC [nesC] which is an extension to the C programming language. NesC is designed to detect race conditions between tasks and event handlers. There are also operating systems that allow programming in C. Examples of such operating systems include Contiki [Contiki], and MANTIS. Contiki is designed to support loading modules over the network and supports run-time loading of standard ELF files. The Contiki kernel is event-driven, like TinyOS, but the system supports multithreading on a per-application basis. Unlike the event-driven Contiki kernel, the MANTIS kernel is based on preemptive multithreading. With preemptive multithreading, applications do not need to explicitly yield the microprocessor to other processes.1.4 Introduction to Wireless Sensor NodeA sensor node, also known as a mote, is a node in a wireless sensor network that is capable of performing processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. Sensor node should be in small size, consuming extremely low energy, autonomous and operate unattended, and adaptive to the environment. As wireless sensor nodes are micro-electronic sensor device, they can only be equipped with a limited power source. The main components of a sensor node include sensors, microcontroller, transceiver, and power source. Sensors are hardware devices that can produce measurable response to a change in a physical condition such as light density and sound density. The continuous analog signal collected by the sensors is digitized by Analog-to-Digital converter. The digitized signal is then passed to controllers for further processing. Most of the theoretical work on WSNs considers Passive and Omni directional sensors. Passive and Omni directional sensors sense the data without actually manipulating the environmen t with active probing, while no notion of “direction” involved in these measurements. Commonly people deploy sensor for detecting heat (e.g. thermal sensor), light (e.g. infrared sensor), ultra sound (e.g. ultrasonic sensor), or electromagnetism (e.g. magnetic sensor). In practice, a sensor node can equip with more than one sensor. Microcontroller performs tasks, processes data and controls the operations of other components in the sensor node. The sensor node is responsible for the signal processing upon the detection of the physical events as needed or on demand. It handles the interruption from the transceiver. In addition, it deals with the internal behavior, such as application-specific computation.The function of both transmitter and receiver are combined into a single device know as transceivers that are used in sensor nodes. Transceivers allow a sensor node to exchange information between the neighboring sensors and the sink node (a central receiver). The operational states of a transceiver are Transmit, Receive, Idle and Sleep. Power is stored either in the batteries or the capacitors. Batteries are the main source of power supply for the sensor nodes. Two types of batteries used are chargeable and non-rechargeable. They are also classified according to electrochemical material used for electrode such as NiCd(nickel-cadmium), NiZn(nickel-zinc), Nimh(nickel metal hydride), and Lithium-Ion. Current sensors are developed which are able to renewtheir energy from solar to vibration energy. Two major power saving policies used are Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic V oltage Scaling (DVS). DPM takes care of shutting down parts of sensor node which are not currently used or active. DVS scheme varies the power levels depending on the non-deterministic workload. By varying the voltage along with the frequency, it is possible to obtain quadratic reduction in power consumption.1.5 ChallengesThe major challenges in the design and implementation of the wireless sensor network are mainly the energy limitation, hardware limitation and the area of coverage. Energy is the scarcest resource of WSN nodes, and it determines the lifetime of WSNs. WSNs are meant to be deployed in large numbers in various environments, including remote and hostile regions, with ad-hoc communications as key. For this reason, algorithms and protocols need to be lifetime maximization, robustness and fault tolerance and self-configuration. The challenge in hardware is to produce low cost and tiny sensor nodes. With respect to these objectives, current sensor nodes usually have limited computational capability and memory space. Consequently, the application software and algorithms in WSN should be well-optimized and condensed. In order to maximize the coverage area with a high stability and robustness of each signal node, multi-hop communication with low power consumption is preferred. Furthermore, to deal with the large network size, the designed protocol for a large scale WSN must be distributed.1.6 Research IssuesResearchers are interested in various areas of wireless sensor network, which include the design, implementation, and operation. These include hardware, software and middleware, which means primitives between the software and the hardware. As the WSNs are generally deployed in the resources-constrained environments with battery operated node, the researchers are mainly focus on the issues of energy optimization, coverage areas improvement, errors reduction, sensor network application, data security, sensor node mobility, and data packet routing algorithm among the sensors. In literature, a large group of researchers devoted a great amount of effort in the WSN. They focused in various areas, including physical property, sensor training, security through intelligent node cooperation, medium access, sensor coverage with random and deterministic placement, object locating and tracking, sensor location determination, addressing, energy efficient broadcasting and active scheduling, energy conserved routing, connectivity, data dissemination and gathering, sensor centric quality of routing, topology control and maintenance, etc.中文译文移动目标点数与红外传感器网络作者KI, Chi Keung摘要无线传感器网络(WSN)已成为最近的一个研究热点。
红外发射和接收电路设计外文翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿IntroductionInfrared remote control system is mainly composed by the remote control transmitter, integrated receiver head, microcontroller, interface circuit shown in Figure 1. The remote control is used to generate the remote encoder pulse drive infrared emission control output of the infrared remote control signal, the remote control receiver on the remote control signal amplification, detection, shaping, demodulation remote encoder pulse. The remote control encoder pulse is a serial binary code for the infrared remote control system, the serial code input to the microcontroller, its internal CPU instruction decode on the remote control, and perform remote control functions. Using the remote control as the input of the control system, we need to address the following key questions: how to receive the infrared remote control signal; how to identify the infrared remote control signal, and decoding software design, design of control procedures.SCM historySCM was born in 1971, has gone through three major phases of the SCM, the MCU SoC.It consists of computing device, controller, memory, input output devices.Its full name is a single-chip microcomputer, is typical of embedded micro-controller (Microcontroller Unit), the commonly used letters of the abbreviation MCU single-chip, and it was first used in the field of industrial control.Master microcontroller technology to enable more people in the industry, students, enthusiasts, product developers, the question arose due to the extensive application of SCM in the field of industrial control, microcontroller development board, the more famous such as e-DZR-01A microcontroller development board.Microcontroller chip dedicated processor developed from the CPU.The firstdesign concept by a large number of peripherals and CPU integrated in a single chip, the computer system is smaller, more easily integrated into complex and require strict control equipment on the volume.Single-chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logical function of the chip, but a computer system integrated onto one chip.Equivalent to a mini-computer and computer, microcontroller only the lack of I / O devices.SCM rely on the program is running, and can be modified.Different functions through different programs, especially the special unique function, which is the other devices require much effort to do, while others make great efforts it is difficult to do.A not very complex functions using pure hardware to get the words of the 1950s developed 74 series, or 60 during the CD4000 series, the circuit must be a big PCB board!If successful on the market in the United States in the 1970s series of microcontrollers, the result will be different!Just because a program written by the MCU through you can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability!Microcontroller for cost sensitive, so accounting for the dominance of the software or the lowest level assembly language, which is the lowest level than binary machine code language, since such low-level why use it?A lot of high-level language has reached a level of visual programming, why not?The reason is simple, is the microcontroller does not have a home computer as the CPU, also not as hard as mass storage devices.A visual high-level language to write small programs inside even if there is only one button, will reach tens of K of size!Nothing in terms of home PC's hard drive, but for SCM in terms of is not acceptable.SCM in the utilization of hardware resources must be high, so the compilation of the original while still in heavy use.The same reason, if the computer giant's operating system and application software to get home PC run up to the home PC can not afford.It can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era of the electrical era, the electronic age and has now entered the computer age.However, such a computer, usually refers to a personal computer, or PC.It is by the host, keyboard, monitor, and so on.Another type of computer, not how most people are familiar with.This computer is smart to give a variety of mechanical microcontroller(also known as micro-controller).The name suggests, the smallest of this computer system using only one IC to make a simple calculation and control.Because of its small, usually hidden in a controlled mechanical "stomach".Throughout the device, it plays like the role of the human mind, it is wrong, the entire device was paralyzed.Now, this single chip field of use has a very wide, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, home appliances and so on.A variety of products using the SCM, you can play the effect of product upgrades, often preceded by an adjective in front of the product name - "smart", such as smart washing machines.Some factories or other amateur electronics developers to engage in out of certain products, not the circuit is too complicated, too simple and can easily be imitation.The reason may be stuck in the product does not use a microcontroller or other programmable logic devices.Microcontroller applicationsMCU to infiltrate all areas of life, almost difficult to find which areas of the microcontroller trail.Navigation device of the missile, aircraft, various instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation and process real-time control and data processing, widely used smart card IC, civil luxury car security system, VCR,cameras, the control of automatic washing machines, and program-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller.Not to mention the field of automatic control, robotics, intelligent instruments, medical equipment.Therefore, the learning, development and application of the SCM will create a number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers.The microcontroller is widely used in the field of instrumentation, home appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, equipment for the intelligent management and process control, generally can be divided into the following categories:1. On smart instrumentationThe microcontroller has a small size, low power consumption, and control functions, and expansion of the advantages of flexibility, miniaturization and easy to use, widely used in instrumentation, combined with different types of sensors can berealized such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature,flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elements, pressure and other physical measurement.SCM makes the digital instrumentation, intelligent, miniaturization and more powerful function than the use of electronic or digital circuits.Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, analyzer).2.In industrial control applicationsMCU can constitute various forms of control systems, data acquisition systems.Such as factory assembly line of intelligent pipe3.in Household AppliancesIt can be said of home appliances is basically using the MCU control, electric rice praise, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TVs, and other audio video equipment, then the electronic weighing equipment, varied, omnipresent.4.in the field of computer networks and communicationModern microcontroller with universal communication interface can be easily and computer data communications, provides excellent material for use in computer networks and communication devices, communication equipment basically to the MCU intelligent control from themobile phones, telephones, small program-controlled switchboards, building automated communications call systems, train radio communications, and then to the ubiquitous mobile phones in their daily work, trunking mobile communication radios.5.Chip in the field of medical equipmentThe microcontroller uses in medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical ventilator, a variety of analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds call system and so on.6.Modular applications in a variety of large appliancesSome dedicated microcontroller designed for specific functions, modular applications in a variety of circuit, without requiring the use of personnel to understand its internal structure.Integrated single-chip, such as music, seemingly simple function, miniature pure electronic chip (as opposed to the principle of the tape drive), you need a complex similar to the principle of the computer.Such as: themusic signal in digital form in memory (similar to the ROM), read by the microcontroller into analog music signal (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, this modular application greatly reduce the size, simplifying the circuit, reducing the damage, error rate, is also convenient to replace.7.Chip in the field of automotive equipmentThe microcontroller is widely used in automotive electronics, such as automotive engine controllers, intelligent electronic controller based on CAN bus automotive engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock systems, braking systems, etc..In addition, the microcontroller business, finance, scientific research, education, defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications, microcontroller development prospects are very objective.Speaking in general terms: the MCU's small size, light weight, inexpensive, and provide favorable conditions for learning, application and development.At the same time, learning to use the microcontroller is the best choice for the understanding of computer theory and structure.SCM is the best choice for people to study and application of related technologies.Master chip AT89S51The AT89S51 ATMEL Corporation in the United States low-power, high-performance CMOS8 bit microcontroller, on-chip containing 4k bytes of system programming of flash read-only program memory, the device using ATMEL high density nonvolatile memory technology to produce compatiblestandard 8051 instruction set and pin.It combines the Flash program memory can Programming (ISP) can also be used the traditional method of programming and general-purpose 8-bit microprocessor on a single chip.Features OverviewAT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4k bytes of Flash flash memory, 128 bytes of internal RAM, 32 I / O port lines, Watchdog Timer (WDT), two data pointers, two 16-bit timer / counters, a fivetwo vector interrupt structure, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry., AT89S51 can bereduced to the 0Hz static logic operation, and supports two software selectable power saving modes.Free way to stop the CPU, but allows the RAM, timer / counters, serial communication port and interrupt system to continue to work.The power down mode to save the contents of RAM, but the oscillator is stopped and prohibited all other parts of the work until the next hardware reset.In view of the subject requirements, the AT89S51 chip to achieve the purpose of more convenient, fast and comprehensive.译文介绍红外遥控系统主要由遥控发射器、一体化接收头、单片机、接口电路组成，如图一所示。
外文翻译-- 基于STC单片机的红外遥控开关系统的设计
JSJ-1302计算机信息工程学院2013 届毕业设计(论文)外文阅读与翻译毕业设计题目基于STC单片机的红外遥控开关系统的设计外文翻译题目Decoding Infraed Remote Controls Using a PIC16C5X Microcontroller专业计算机信息科学与技术班级姓名学号指导教师职称介绍：家用电子工业已经应用红外遥控器控制电视机，录像机和有线电视很多年了。
同样的技术最近开始应用于工业应用以替代小键盘。
可以通过PIC16C5X译解大多数的红外信号。
这份说明书是描述如何破解的。
唯一用来译解IR信号的强制性硬件是红外接收仪。
它的两种类型的用法在这里都有说明。
两种模块类型都经常被用于家用电子工业。
第一种类型响应的已调制的红外信号大概为40KHz。
第二种响应未调制的红外脉冲并且有受限范围。
每种类型的硬件成本都不高于2美元。
此处描述了三种PIC16C5X应用程序，说明了如何用它们来创建一个算法使其能够破译任何遥控信号。
每种PIC16C5X应用程序表示在映射出一个预先存在的红外格式的一个步骤。
最终的应用程序是一个用来完全实现的示例的红外信号解码和解调的一种Teknika电视遥控器。
三个层次的红外线信号典型的红外信号遥控器有三层。
用于这些层的名字没有被标准化。
在这个应用程序中注意他们被称为“红外、调制和串行数据。
红外层是种发射方式。
红外线是一种因为波长太长以至于看不到的光。
虽然你不能看到红外光束,但它是光的一种形式,所以如果你不能看到目标设备,你就不能用红外信号控制它。
控制绕过拐角,通过不透明的材料、RF,通常使用超高频信号。
虽然这个应用程序注没有进一步提到RF,这里介绍的许多东西都是可以用作一个射频传输介质。
这个频率层爆出的红外信号通常是在频率调制32.75千赫和56.8千赫之间。
这样做是为了减少环境光的影响。
虽然考虑到这一层,但还是可选的。
如果不调整红外格式的输出,发送脉冲与未调整的红外线则相反。
红外遥控系统毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料对照外文翻译文献红外遥控系统摘要目前红外数据通信技术是在世界范围内被广泛应用的一种无线连接技术，它也可以被许多软硬件平台所支持。
红外收发器产品具有成本低，体积小，传输速率快，点对点传输安全性好，不受电磁干扰等特点，可使得信息在几个不同产品器件之间快速、便捷、安全地交换与传输。
红外数据通信技术在短距离无线传输领域内有着十分显著的优势，红外遥控收发系统的设计和存在具有非常高的运用价值。
目前，红外收发器产品在便携式产品中的应用潜力很大。
全世界约有1亿5千万台设备和仪器是采用红外数据通信技术的，在电子产品、工业设备、医疗设备等领域内使用范围很广。
几乎所有笔记本电脑、手机都配置红外收发器接口。
伴随着红外数据传输技术的愈发成熟、生产和使用成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域内将会得到更加广泛的应用。
设计这个系统的目的是用红外线作为传输媒介来传输操作者或用户的操作信息和指令，然后由接收器电路翻译出原信号，主要是利用编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制解调，这其中，编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。
它们的主要工作原理是：通过编码键盘可以为PT2262提供输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ 的载波上并调制红外发射二极管，再将其辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收信号并解调出原始的信息内容，由PT2272对原信号进行解码，从而驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作指令和操作要求。
关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。
1 绪论1．1 课题研究的背景及意义目前，在世界范围内，红外数据通信技术是被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被许多的硬件和软件平台所支持。
是一种通过数据脉冲与红外脉冲之间的相互转换实现无线数据收发的技术。
红外收发器产品具有成本低，体积小，传输速率快，点对点传输安全性好，不受电磁干扰等特点，可使得信息在几个不同产品器件之间快速、便捷、安全地交换与传输。
单片机红外遥控外文翻译
Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeople's eyes can see the visible wavele ngth from long to short accord ing to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 ~ 0.76 mount, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range ~ mount. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavele ngths of light is Ion ger tha n that of in frared light. In frared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 ~ 1.5 mount between the near in frared to tran sfer con trol sig nal.Commo nly used in frared remote con trol system of gen eral poi nts tran smit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitti ng diode the in frared wavele ngths, for 940nm appeara nee and ordin ary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode gen erally have black and blue, tran spare nt three colors. Judgme nt of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a millimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of infrared light emitting diode, reverse resista nee. The in frared light emitti ng diode lumin esce nce efficie ncy to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare conditions to pull away from roughly judgment. Receiving part of infrared receiving tube is a photose nsitivediode.In actual application of it receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will increasehigh-gain ones.the amplifiercircuit.In com mon CX20106A, etc. PC1373H moo n in frared receivi ng special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using in frared recei vinghead fini shed. The head of in frared recei ving product packages gen erally has two kin ds: one kind USES sheet shield ing, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varied, manufacturer's instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugg ing and shell scree n, use rise as a tran sistor, very convenient. But whe n used in the infrared receivingattention finished first carrier frequency.In frared remote com mon carrier freque ncy for 38kHz, this is tran smitted by using 455kHz Tao Zhe n to decide. At the launch of crystals were in teger freque ncy, freque ncy coefficie nts, so com mon ly 12, so 455kHz 宁12 hun dredth kHz 38kHz hun dredth 379,000. Some remote con trol system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc. general 40kHz launched by thecrystals of oscillation freque ncy to decide.In frared remote characteristic is not in flue nee the surro unding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot pen etratewalls, so the room can use com mon household applia nee of remote control without mutual interferenee, Circuit testing is simple, as long as give n circuit connection, gen erally does not n eed any commissi oning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press diagram so jip. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household applia nces, in door close (less tha n 10 meters) in the remote control is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different control function. Whe n pressed a butt on, corresp ondin gly in the receiver with differe nt output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, selflock ing and in terlock, data five forms. "The pulse output is accordi ng to laun ch" whe n the butt on, the receiver output term in als output corresp onding "effective", a pulse width 100ms in gen eral. "Level" refers to the output launch press butt on, the receiver output corresp onding output level ", "effective transmit to loosen the receiver" level "disappears. This"effective pulse" and "effective", may be of high level is low, and may also depe nd on the output corresp onding static state, such as feet for low, static "high" for effective, As for the static, "low" high effective. In most cases, "high" for effective. "Since the lock" refers to launch the output of each time you press the butt on, a receiver output corresponding change, namely originally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for "inv ert". "The in terlock" refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. The TV sets of this case is selected, the otheris like the light and sound in put speed, etc."Data" refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a bi nary nu mber, to represe ntdiffere nt keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a "valid" output data, so the timely to collect data. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are com monly used in terface. In additi on to the above output form outside, still have a "latch" and "temporary" two forms. The so- called "latch" refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding ", "new store until you receive signals. "Temporary" output and the introductionof "level" output is similar.Remote dista nce (Remote Con trol effect of RF Remote Con trol dista nce) are the major factorsasfollows:un ched in power tran smissi on power: while dista nee, but great power consumpti on, easy to gen eratenterfere nee.2.and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distanee in creased sen sitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturba nee maloperati on or abuse.3.antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distanee, but occupies a large space, in use the antennaspin, pull can in crease the remote dista nee.4.and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective eon diti ons.5. a nd stop: curre nt use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffraction between such as walls are block ing will greatlydisco un ted remote dista nee, if is rein forced eon crete walls, due to theabsorpti on effect eon ductor, radiowaves.Con sideri ng the desig n of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the introduction of the function.(1)AT89C2051 internal structure and performaneeAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performanee of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage tech no logy manu facturi ng and in dustrial sta ndard MCS - 51 in structio n set and lead. Through the comb in ati on of sin gle chip in gen eral CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions. The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro eontroller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process,have two kinds of leisure and power saving operation mode. The performanee is as follows.5.CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Worki ng voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage.The static worki ng way: 0-24MHz,15 root input/output line.A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters.There is a slice of in sideprecisio nsimulatio n comparator, 5thei nterrupt sources,2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structureof AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C2051 in terior structure(2)AT89C2051 chip pin andfunctionIn order to adapt to the requirement of intelligent instrument, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major cha nges to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) in creased a simulated comparator.=DiagrambAT89C2051 foot figure.AT89C2051 pin fun ctio n:1.the VCC: voltage.1.to GND.1.P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 ~ P1.7 mouth pin theinternal resista nee provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requireme nts on the exter nal pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece in side precisi on simulati on comparator with in put (AIN0) and reversed-phasei nput (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. Whe n P1 mouth pin into a "1", can make its in put. Whe n the pin P1.2 ~ P1.7 as in put and exter nal dow n, they will be for the internal resista nee and flow curre nt (IIL). I n flash P1 mouth duri ng the procedure and program code datareceiving calibration.2.P3: the P3.0 ~ P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the in ternal resista nce with seven twoway I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed in puts piece in side the comparator output sig nal and it as a gen eral I/O foot and in accessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb 20mA curre nt. When P3 mouth pin in to "1", they are the internal resista nee can push and in put. As in put, and the low exter nal P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use curre nt (IIL) outflow. P3 mouth still used to impleme nt the various fun etio ns, such as AT89C2051 show n in table P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory programming and calibration of program con trol sig nals.5.RST: reset in put. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to "1". When the oscillator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish reset. Each machine cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6.XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier in put and inv erse internal clock gen eratori nput.7.XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifier's output.P3 mouth function as isshown in table 1.Table 1(3)the software and hardware constraintsAT89C2051Due to the foot of the chip AT89C2051, no set limits of external storage in terface, so, for exter nal memory read/write in structio ns as MOVX etc.Due to 2KB ROM, so, the space to jump instruction should pay attention to the destination address range (transfer 000H - 7FFH), beyond the range of addresses, will not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is OOH (7FH --whe n stack man ipulatio n), alsoshould be no ticed.The in put sig nal is simulated by the origi nal P3.6 foot into the microcontroller, sothe original P3.6 foot.Un able to exter nal use. Simulati on comparator can compare two simulation, if the size of the voltage external A D/A converter and its output as A comparator an alog in put, and by simulat ing the comparator ano ther in put voltage to be measured, through the introduction of the software method can realize the A/D con versi on.8.the Flash memory AT89C2051)Provide a 2KB of si ngle-chip AT89C2051 in Flash memory chips, which allows theonline program to modify or use special programming program ming.(1)Flash memory en crypti onAT89C2051 SCM has 2 encryption, can programming (P) or programming (U) to obtain different encryption functionality. Encryption functionality table asshown in table 1-1.En crypt a conten terased only through chips to eraseoperatio n.(2)Flash memory program ming and procedures the piece in side chip AT89C2051 Flash memory program ming.Note:1.the cou nters RESET at an EPROM in side the risi ng edge, and 000HRESET to XTAL1 by foot is executed,pulse count.2.piecesof 10ms to erasePROG pulse.3.duri ng the programmi ng P3.1 pulled low RDY/BSY in structio ns.⑶AT89C2051 SCM in Flash memory chips program ming steps are as follows:1.in the seque nee is the VCC GND pin, add worki ng voltage, XTAL1 pin RESET, receiving GND pin, other than the abovetime, waiting for 10ms.2.In P3.2 pin RESET,heighte ning level.3.In P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 pinjadd model multilevel.4.P1.0 P1.7 -- for the 000H un itadd data bytes.5.RESET to increasethe 12V activation programming.6.P3.2 jump to a one byte programming or encryption.7.calibration has been programming, data from 12V to RESET logic level "H" and setP3.3 P3.7 -- for the correct level, and can output data in P1 mouth.8.For the n ext addresses) in the unit XTAL1 byte program ming, a pulse, make address counter add 1, in mouth add programming data.9.programming and calibration circuit figure c, d.Figure c programming circuitFigure d calibration circuit Explanation:(1)P3.1 during programming instructionsto below RDY/BSY,(2)single erasingthe PROG 10ms need,(3)internal EEPROM address coun ter on the rising edge RESET, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot pulses are executed.Along with the rapid developme nt of scie nee and tech no logy, huma n society has un derg one earth-shak ing cha nges. Make our life more colorful. I n these cha nges, the remote control tech no logy has bee n widely permeatesTV, aerospace,military, sports andother product ion, all aspects of life. From the broad sense, all equipped with electric locomotive facility or electrical switches, if feel some n ecessary, can con sider to improve existi ng with remote control device, the operation fixed switch to realize the remote operation of the original equipment,stop, the variable,etc. Function.switch, for example, can be used to control the electric control switch the light switch, We design the infrared remote control system to realize the opponent switch quantity control. Infrared remote characteristic is not in flue nce the surro unding en vir onment and does not in terfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use com mon household applia nce of remote con trol without mutual in terfere nce, Circuit testi ng is simple, as long as give n circuit conn ecti on, gen erally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote con trol.红外遥控人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、 绿、青、蓝、紫。
单片机红外遥控外文翻译知识交流
Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeople's eyes can see the visible wavele ngth from long to short accord ing to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 ~ 0.76 mount, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range ~ mount. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavele ngths of light is Ion ger tha n that of in frared light. In frared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 ~ 1.5 mount between the near in frared to tran sfer con trol sig nal.Com mon ly used in frared remote con trol system of gen eral poi nts transmit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitti ng diode the in frared wavele ngths, for 940nm appeara nee and ordin ary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode gen erally have black and blue, tran spare nt three colors. Judgme nt of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a millimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of in frared light emitti ng diode, reverse resista nee. The in frared light emitti ng diode lumin esce nce efficie ncy to use special in strume nt to measure precise, and use only spare con diti ons to pull away from roughly judgme nt. Recei ving part of in frared recei ving tube is a photose nsitive diode.In actual application of it receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will in crease high-ga in on es.the amplifier circuit.In common CX20106A, etc. PC1373H moon infrared receiving special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using in frared recei ving head fini shed. The head of in frared recei ving product packages gen erally has two kin ds: one kind USES sheet shield ing, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varied, manufacturer's instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugg ing and shell scree n, use rise as a tran sistor, very convenient. But whe n used in the infrared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.In frared remote com mon carrier freque ncy for 38kHz, this is tran smitted by using 455kHz Tao Zhen to decide. At the launch of crystals were integer frequency, frequency coefficients, so commonly 12, so 455kHz 宁12 hun dredth kHz 38kHz hun dredth 379,000. Some remote con trol system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc. general 40kHz launched by the crystals of oscillation freque ncy to decide.In frared remote characteristic is not in flue nee the surro unding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot pen etrate walls, so the room can use com mon household applia nee of remote control without mutual interferenee, Circuit testing is simple, as long as give n circuit connection, gen erally does not n eed any commissi oning can work, Decod ing easily, can un dertake multiple remote con trol. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press diagram so jip. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household applia nces, in door close (less tha n 10 meters) in the remote con trol is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different controlfunction. Whe n pressed a butt on, corresp ondin gly in the receiver with differe nt output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-lock ing and in terlock, data five forms. "The pulse output is accord ing to laun ch" whe n the butt on, the receiver output term in als output corresp onding "effective", a pulse width 100ms in general. "Level" refers to the output launch press butt on, the receiver output corresp onding output level ", "effective transmit to loosen the receiver" level "disappears. This "effective pulse" and "effective", may be of high level is low, and may also depe nd on the output corresponding static state, such as feet for low, static "high" for effective, As for the static, "low" high effective. In most cases, "high" for effective. "Si nee the lock" refers to launch the output of each time you press the butt on, a receiver output corresp onding cha nge, n amely origi nally a state for high level into a low level, orig in ally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for "i nv ert". "The in terlock" refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. The TV sets of this case is selected, the other is like the light and sound in put speed, etc."Data" refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a bi nary nu mber, to represe nt differe nt keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a "valid" output data, so the timely to collect data. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are com monly used in terface. In additi on to the above output form outside, still have a "latch" and "temporary" two forms. The so-called "latch" refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding ", "new store until you receive signals. "Temporary" output and the in troducti on of "level" output is similar.Remote dista nee (Remote Con trol effect of RF Remote Con trol dista nee)are the major factors as follows:un ched in power tran smissi on power: while dista nee, but great power con sumpti on, easy to gen erate in terfere nee.2. and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distanee in creased sen sitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturba nee maloperati on or abuse.3. antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distanee, but occupies a large space, in use the antenna spin, pull can in crease the remote dista nee.4. and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective eon diti ons.5. a nd stop: curre nt use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffraction between such as walls are block ing will greatly disco un ted remote dista nee, if is rein forced eon crete walls, due to the absorpti on effect eon ductor, radio waves.Con sideri ng the desig n of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote eontrol, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the in troducti on of the fun eti on.(1)AT89C2051 internal structure and performaneeAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performanee of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage tech no logy manu facturi ng and in dustrial sta ndard MCS - 51 in structi on set and lead. Through the comb in ati on of sin gle chip in gen eral CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions. The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro eontroller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two kinds ofleisure and power sav ing operati on mode. The performa nee is as follows.5. CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Working voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage.The static working way: 0-24MH z, 15 root in put/output line.A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters.There is a slice of in side precisi on simulatio n comparator, 5 the in terrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C2051 in terior structure(2)AT89C2051 chip pin and functionIn order to adapt to the requireme nt of in tellige nt in strume nt, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major cha nges to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) in creased a simulated comparator.=Diagram b AT89C2051 foot figure.AT89C2051 pin fun ctio n:1. the VCC: voltage.2. to GND.3. P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 ~ P1.7 mouth pin the internal resista nee provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requireme nts on the external pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece in side precisi on simulatio n comparator with in put (AIN0) and reversed-phase in put (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. Whe n P1 mouth pin in to a "1", can make its in put. Whe n the pin P1.2 ~ P1.7 as in put and external dow n, they will be for the in ternal resista nee and flow curre nt (IIL). I n flash P1 mouth duri ng the procedure and program code data recei ving calibrati on.4. P3: the P3.0 ~ P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the in ternal resista nee with seven two-way I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed in puts piece in side the comparator output sig nal and it as a gen eral I/O foot and in accessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb20mA curre nt. When P3 mouth pin in to "1", they are the in ternal resista nceca n push and in put. As in put, and the low exter nal P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use current (IIL) outflow. P3 mouth still used to implement the various functions, such as AT89C2051 shown in table P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory programming and calibration of program con trol sig nals.5. RST: reset in put. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to "1". When the oscillator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish reset. Each machine cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6. XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier in put and in verse internal clock generator in put.7. XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifier's output.P3 mouth fun cti on as is show n in table 1.addresses, will not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is OOH(7FH --whe n stack man ipulatio n), also should be no ticed.The in put sig nal is simulated by the origi nal P3.6 foot into the microcontroller, so the original P3.6 foot.Un able to exter nal use. Simulati on comparator can compare two simulation, if the size of the voltage external A D/A converter and its output as A comparator an alog in put, and by simulati ng the comparator ano ther in put voltage to be measured, through the in troduct ion of the software method can realize the A/D con versi on.8. the Flash memory AT89C2051)Provide a 2KB of si ngle-chip AT89C2051 in Flash memory chips, which allows the online program to modify or use special programming program ming.(1) F lash memory en crypti onAT89C2051 SCM has 2 encryption, can programming (P) or programming (U) to obtain different encryption functionality. Encryption functionality table as shown in table 1-1.En crypt a content erased only through chips to erase operatio n.(2) F lash memory program ming and procedures the piece in side chip AT89C2051 Flash memory program ming.Note:1. the cou nters RESET at an EPROM in side the risi ng edge, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot is executed, pulse count.2. pieces of 10ms to erase PROG pulse.3. during the programming P3.1 pulled low RDY/BSY instructions.(3) A T89C2051 SCM in Flash memory chips program ming steps are as follows:1.in the seque nee is the VCC GND pin, add worki ng voltage, XTAL1 pin RESET, recei ving GND pin, other tha n the above time, wait ing for 10ms.2.In P3.2 pin RESET, heighte ning level.3.In P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 pin; add model multilevel.4. P1.0 P1.7 -- for the 000H unit add data bytes.5. RESET to in crease the 12V activati on program ming.6. P3.2 jump to a one byte programming or encryption.7. calibration has been programming, data from 12V to RESET logic level "H" and set P3.3 P3.7 -- for the correct level, and can output data in P1 mouth.8. For the n ext addresses) in the unit XTAL1 byte program ming, a pulse, make address coun ter add 1, in mouth add program ming data.9. programmi ng and calibrati on circuit figure c, d.Figure c program ming circuit Figure d calibratio n circuit Expla nati on:(1) P3.1 duri ng programmi ng in structio ns to be low RDY/BSY,(2) single erasing the PROG 10ms need,(3) internal EEPROM address coun ter on the rising edge RESET, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot pulses are executed.Along with the rapid developme nt of scie nee and tech no logy, huma n society has un derg one earth-shak ing cha nges. Make our life more colorful. I n these cha nges, the remote control tech no logy has bee n widely permeates TV aerospace, military, sports and other producti on, all aspects of life. From the broad sense, all equipped with electric locomotive facility or electrical switches, if feel some n ecessary, can con sider to improve existi ng with remote control device, the operation fixed switch to realize the remote operation of the origi nal equipme nt, stop, the variable, etc. Fun cti on.switch, for example, can be used to control the electric control switch the light switch, We design the infrared remote control system to realize the opponent switch quantity control. Infrared remote characteristic is not in flue nce the surro unding en vir onment and does not in terfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use com mon household applia nce of remote con trol without mutual in terfere nce, Circuit testi ng is simple, as long as give n circuit conn ecti on, gen erally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote con trol.红外遥控人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫。
红外遥控系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeople's eyes can see the visible wavelength from long to short according to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 ~ 0.76 muon m, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range ~ muon m. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavelengths of light is longer than that of infrared light. Infrared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 ~ 1.5 muon m between the near infrared to transfer control signal.Commonly used infrared remote control system of general points transmit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitting diode the infrared wavelengths, for 940nm appearance and ordinary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode generally have black and blue, transparent three colors. Judgement of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a multimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of infrared light emitting diode, reverse resistance. The infrared light emitting diode luminescence efficiency to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare conditions to pull away from roughly judgement. Receiving part of infrared receiving tube is a photosensitive diode.In actual application of ir receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due tothe power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will increase high-gain ones.the amplifier circuit.In common CX20106A, etc PC1373H muon infrared receiving special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using infrared receiving head finished. The head of infrared receiving product packages generally has two kinds: one kind USES sheet shielding, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varied, manufacturer's instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugging and shell screen, use rise as a transistor, very convenient. But when used in the infrared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.Infrared remote common carrier frequency for 38kHz, this is transmitted by using 455kHz TaoZhen to decide. At the launch of crystals were integer frequency, frequency coefficients, so commonly 12, so 455kHz ÷12 hundredth kHz 38kHz hundredth 379,000. Some remote control system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc, general 40kHz launched by the crystals of oscillation frequency to decide.Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote control without mutual interference, Circuit testing is simple, as long as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press diagram suo ji. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household appliances, indoor close (less than 10 meters) in the remote control is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different control function. When pressed a button, correspondingly in the receiver with different output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-locking and interlock, data five forms. "The pulse output is according to launch" when the button, the receiver output terminals output corresponding "effective", a pulse width 100ms in general. "Level" refers to the output launch press button, the receiver output corresponding output level ", "effective transmit to loosen the receiver" level "disappears. This "effective pulse" and "effective", may be of high level is low, andmay also depend on the output corresponding static state, such as feet for low, static "high" for effective, As for the static, "low" high effective. In most cases, "high" for effective. "Since the lock" refers to launch the output of each time you press the button, a receiver output corresponding change, namely originally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for "invert". "The interlock" refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. The TV sets of this case is selected, the other is like the light and sound input speed, etc."Data" refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a binary number, to represent different keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a "valid" output data, so the timely to collect data. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are commonly used interface. In addition to the above output form outside, still have a "latch" and "temporary" two forms. The so-called "latch" refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding ", "new store until you receive signals. "Temporary" output and the introduction of "level" output is similar.Remote distance (Remote Control effect of RF Remote Control distance) are the major factors as follows:1, launched in power transmission power: while distance, but great power consumption, easy to generate interference,2 and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distance increased sensitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturbance maloperation or abuse, 3, antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distance, but occupies a large space, in use the antenna spin, pull can increase the remote distance,4 and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective conditions,5 and stop: current use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffraction between such as walls are blocking will greatly discounted remote distance, if is reinforced concrete walls, due to the absorption effect conductor, radio waves.Considering the design of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the introduction of the function.1) AT89C2051 internal structure and performanceAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performance of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage technology manufacturing and industrial standard MCS - 51 instruction set and lead. Through the combination of single chip in general CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions. The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro controller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two kinds of leisure and power saving operation mode. The performance is as follows:8 CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Working voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage,The static working way: 0-24MHz, 15 root input/output line,A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters,There is a slice of inside precision simulation comparator, 5 the interrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C2051 interior structure2) AT89C2051 chip pin and functionIn order to adapt to the requirement of intelligent instrument, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major changes to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) increased a simulated comparator.AT89C2051 pin function:1 the Vcc: voltage.2 to GND.3 P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 ~ P1.7 mouth pin the internal resistance provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requirements on the external pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece inside precision simulationDiagram b AT89C2051 foot figurecomparator with input (AIN0) and reversed-phase input (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. When P1 mouth pin into a "1", can make its input. When the pin P1.2 ~ P1.7 as input and external down, they will be for the internal resistance and flow current (IIL). In flash P1 mouth during the procedure and program code data receiving calibration.4 P3: the P3.0 ~ P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the internal resistance with seven two-way I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed inputs piece inside the comparator output signal and it as a general I/O foot and inaccessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb 20mA current. When P3 mouth pin into "1", they are the internal resistance can push and input. As input, and the low external P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use current (IIL) outflow. P3 mouth still used to implement the various functions, such as AT89C2051 shown in table 1. P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory programming and calibration ofRST/VPP (RXD)P3.0 (TXD)P3.1 XTAL2 XTAL1 (INT0)P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (T0)P3.4 (T1)P3.5GND VCC P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1(AIN1) P1.0(AIN0) P3.7program control signals.P3 mouth function as is shown in table 1.5 RST: reset input. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to "1". When the oscillator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish reset. Each machine cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6 XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier input and inverse internal clock generator input.7. XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifier's output.3) the software and hardware constraints. AT89C2051Due to the foot of the chip AT89C2051, no set limits of external storage interface, so, for external memory read/write instructions as MOVX etc.Due to 2KB ROM, so, the space to jump instruction should pay attention to the destination address range (transfer 000H - 7FFH), beyond the range of addresses, will not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is 00H (7FH -- when stack manipulation), also should be noticed.The input signal is simulated by the original P3.6 foot into the microcontroller, so the original P3.6 footUnable to external use. Simulation comparator can compare two simulation, if the size of the voltage external A D/A converter and its output as A comparator analog input, and by simulating the comparator another input voltage to be measured, through the introduction of the software method can realize the A/D conversion.4 the Flash memory AT89C2051)Provide a 2KB of single-chip AT89C2051 in Flash memory chips, which allows the online program to modify or use special programming programming.A）. Flash memory encryptionAT89C2051 SCM has 2 encryption, can programming (P) or programming (U) to obtain different encryption functionality. Encryption functionality table as shown in table 1-1.Encrypt a content erased only through chips to erase operation.B）. Flash memory programming and procedures(1) the piece inside chip AT89C2051 Flash memory programming model as shown in table 1-2.Table 1-2 AT89C2051 microcontroller programming model. Note: (1) the counters RESET at an EPROM inside the rising edge, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot is executed, pulse count,(2) pieces of 10ms to erase PROG pulse,(3 )during the programming P3.1 pulled low RDY/BSY instructions.C).A T89C2051 SCM in Flash memory chips programming steps are as follows:1. in the sequence is the VCC GND pin, add working voltage, XTAL1 pin RESET, receiving GND pin, other than the above time, waiting for 10ms,2. In P3.2 pin RESET, heightening level,3. In P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 pin; add model multilevel4. P1.0 P1.7 -- for the 000H unit add data bytes,5. RESET to increase the 12V activation programming,6. P3.2 jump to a one byte programming or encryption,7. calibration has been programming, data from 12V to RESET logic level "H" and setP3.3 P3.7 -- for the correct level, and can output data in P1 mouth,Figure c programming circuit Figure d calibration circuit8.For the next addresses) in the unit XTAL1 byte programming, a pulse, make address counter add 1, in mouth add programming data P1.Repeat step 1-8 complete the whole -- 2KB programming.Electricity is XTAL1 Settings: in order to "L" RESET, and float empty other I/O foot, close the VCC power.(3) programming and calibration circuit figure c, d.Explanation:(1) P3.1 during programming instructions to be low RDY/BSY,(2) single erasing the PROG 10ms need,(3) internal EEPROM address counter on the rising edge RESET, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot pulses are executed.Along with the rapid development of science and technology, human society has undergone earth-shaking changes. Make our life more colorful. In these changes, the remote control technology has been widely permeates TV, aerospace, military, sports and other production, all aspects of life. From the broad sense, all equipped with electric locomotive facility or electrical switches, if feel some necessary, can consider to improve existing with remote control device, the operation fixed switch to realize the remote operation of the original equipment, stop, the variable, etc. Function. switch, for example, can be used to control the electric control switch the light switch, We design the infrared remote control system to realize the opponent switch quantity control. Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote controlwithout mutual interference, Circuit testing is simple, as long as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control.红外遥控及芯片介绍红外遥控及芯片介绍人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫。
智能红外传感器外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文）文献出处：M G B r a y.Smart Infrared Sensors[J] International Journal of Computational Science & Engineering, 2015, 3(1 ):21-31 •英文原文Smart Infrared SensorsMG BrayKeeping up with continuously evolving process technologies is a major challenge for process engineers. Add to that the demands of staying current with rapidly evolving methods of monitoring and controlling those processes, and the assignment can become quite intimidating. However，infrared (IR) temperature sensor manufacturers are giving users the tools they need to meet these challenges: the latest computer-related hardware, software, and communications equipment, as well as leading-edge digital circuitry. Chief among these tools, though, is the next generation of IR thermometers —the smart sensor. Today^s new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors onthe manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1).And because the circuitry is smaller，the sensors are smaller，simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and controLIntegrating Smart Sensors into Process LinesWhile the widespread implementation of smart IR sensors is new, IR temperature measurement has been successful 1 y used in process monitoring and control for decades (see the sidebar，“How Infrared Temperature Sensors W o r k，‟‟below). In the past, if process engineers needed to change a sensor‟s settings，they would have to either shut down the line to remove the sensor or try to manually reset it in place. Either course could cause delays in the line，and，in some cases, be very dangerous. Upgrading a sensor usually required buying a new unit，calibrating it to the process, and installing it while the process line lay inactive. For example, some of the sensors in a wire galvanizing plant used to be mounted over vats of molten lead，zinc，and/or muriatic acid and accessible only by reaching out over the vats from a catwalk. In the interests of safety, the process line would have to be shut down for at least24 hours to cool before changing and upgrading a sensor.Today, process engineers can remotely configure, monitor，address，upgrade, and maintain their IR temperature sensors. Smart models with bidirectional RS-485 or RS-232 communications capabilities simplify integration into process control systems. Once a sensor is installed on a process line，engineers can tailor all its parameters to fit changing conditions—all from a PC in the control room. If, for example, the ambient temperature fluctuates, or the process itself undergoes changes in type, thickness, or temperature, all a process engineer needs to do is customize or restore saved settings at a computer terminal. If a smart sensor fails due to high ambient temperature conditions， a cut cable，or failed components, its fail-safe conditions engage automatically. The sensor activates an alarm to trigger a shutdown, preventing damage to product and machinery. If ovens or coolers fail, HI and LO alarms can also signal that there is a problem and/or shut down the line.Extending a Sensor‟s Useful LifeFor smart sensors to be compatible with thousands of different types of processes, they must be fully customizable. Because smart sensors contain EPROMs (erasable programmable read only memory), users can reprogram them to meet their specific process requirements using field calibration, diagnostics，and/or utility software from the sensor manufacturer.Another benefit of owning a smart sensor is that its firmware, the software embedded in its chips, can be upgraded via the communications link to revisions as they become available —without removing the sensor from the process line. Firmware upgrades extend the working life of a sensor and can actually make a smart sensor smarter.The Raytek Marathon Series is a full line of 1- and 2-color ratio IR thermometers that can be networked with up to 32 smart sensors. Available models include both integrated units and fiber-optic sensors with electronic enclosures that can be mounted away from high ambienttemperatures.Clicking on a sensor window displays the configuration settings for that particular sensor. The Windows graphical interface is intuitive and easy to use. In the configuration screen, process engineers can monitor current sensor settings, adjust them to meet their needs, or reset the sensor back to the factory defaults. All the displayed information comes from the sensor by way of the RS-485 or RS-232 serial connection.The first two columns are for user input. The third monitors the sensor‟s parameters in real time. Some parameters can be changed through other screens, custom programming, and direct PC-to-sensor commands. Parameters that can be changed by user input include the following:•Relay contact can be set to NO (normally open) or NC (normallyclosed).•Relay function can be set to alarm or setpoint.•Temperature units can be changed from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit，or vice versa. -Display and analog output mode can be changed for smart sensors that have combined one- and two-color capabilities-•Laser (if the sensor is equipped with laser aiming) can be turned on or off.•Milliamp output settings and range can be used as automaticprocess triggers or alarms.•Emissivity (for one-color) or slope (for two-color) ratio thermometers values can be set. Emissivity and slope values for common metal and nonmetal materials, and instructions on how to determine emissivity and slope, are usually included with sensors.•Signal processing defines the temperature parameters returned. Average returns an object‟s average temperature over a period of time; peak-hold returns an object‟s peak temperature either over a period of time or by an external trigger.•HI alarm/LO alarm can be set to warn of improper changes in temperature. On some process lines, this could be triggered by a break in a product or by malfunctioning heater or cooler elements-•Attenuation indicates alarm and shut down settings for two-color ratio smart sensors. In this example, if the lens is 95% obscured, an alarm warns that the temperature results might be losing accuracy (known as a “dirty window”alarm). More than 95% obscurity can trigger an automatic shutdown of the process-Using Smart SensorsSmart IR sensors can be used in any manufacturing process in which temperatures are crucial to high-quality product.Six IR temperature sensors can be seen monitoring producttemperatures before and after the various thermal processes and before and after drying. The smart sensors are configured on a high-speed multidrop network (defined below) and are individually addressable from the remote supervisory computer. Measured temperatures at all sensor locations can be polled individually or sequentially; the data can be graphed for easy monitoring or archived to document process temperature data. Using remote addressing features，set points, alarms, emissivity，and signal processing，information can be downloaded to each sensor. The result is tighter process control.Remote Online Addressability,smart sensors can In a continuous process similar to that in Figure 2be connected to one another or to other displays，chart recorders, and controllers on a single network. The sensors may be arranged in multidrop or point-to-point configurations, or simply stand alone.In a multidrop configuration, multiple sensors (up to 32 in some cases) can be combined on a network-type cable. Each can have its own ……address，”allowing it to be configured separately with different operating parameters- Because smart sensors use RS-485 or FSK (frequency shift keyed) communications, they can be located at considerable distances from the control room computer —up to 1200 m (4000 ft.) for RS-485, or 3000 m (10,000 ft.) for FSK. Some processes use RS-232communications, but cable length is limited to <100 ftIn a point-to-point installation, smart sensors can be connected to chart recorders，process controllers, and displays, as well as to the controlling computer In this type of installation, digital communications can be combined with milliamp current loops for a complete all-around process communications package. Sometimes，however，specialized processes require specialized software. A wallpaper manufacturer might need a series of sensors programmed to check for breaks and tears along the entire press and coating run，but each area has different ambient and surface temperatures, and each sensor must trigger an alarm if it notices irregularities in the surface. For customized processes such as this，engineers can write their own programs using published protocol data. These custom programs can remotely reconfigure sensors on the fly —without shutting down the process line.Field Calibration and Sensor UpgradesWhether using multidrop，point-to-point, or single sensor networks，process engineers need the proper software tools on their personal computers to calibrate, configure, monitor, and upgrade those sensors. Simple，easy-to-use data acquisition，configuration，and utility programs are usually part of the smart sensor package when purchased, or custom software can be usedWith field calibration software, smart sensors can be calibrated, new parameters downloaded directly to the sensor‟s circuitry，and the sensor‟s current parameters saved and stored as computer data files to ensure that a complete record of calibration and/or parameter changes is kept. One set of calibration techniques can include one-point offset and two- and three-point with variable temperatures:•One-point offset. If a single temperature is used in a particular process, and the sensor reading needs to be offset to make it match a known temperature, one-point offset calibration should be used. This offset will be applied to all temperatures throughout the entire temperature range. For example, if the known temperature along a float glass line is exactly 1800°F, the smart sensor, or series of sensors, can be calibrated to that temperature.•Two-point. If sensor readings must match at two specific temperatures, the two-point calibration shown in Figure 3 should be selected. This technique uses the calibration temperatures to calculate a gain and an offset that are applied to all temperatures throughout the entire range.•Three-point with variable temperature. If the process has a wide range of temperatures，and sensor readings need to match at three specific temperatures, the best choice is three-point variable temperaturecalibration (see Figure 4). This technique uses the calibration temperatures to calculate two gains and two offsets. The first gain and offset are applied to all temperatures below a midpoint temperature, and the second set to all temperatures above the midpoint. Three-point calibration is less common than one- and two-point, but occasionally manufacturers need to perform this technique to meet specific standards- Field calibration software also allows routine diagnostics, including power supply voltage and relay tests, to be run on smart sensors. The results let process engineers know if the sensors are performing at their optimum and make any necessary troubleshooting easier.ConclusionThe new generation of smart IR temperature sensors allows process engineers to keep up with changes brought on by newer manufacturing techniques and increases in production. They now can configure as many sensors as necessary for their specific process control needs and extend the life of those sensors far beyond that of earlier，“non -smart”designs. As production rates increase, equipment downtime must decrease. By being able to monitor equipment and fine-tune temperature variables without shutting down a process, engineers can keep the process efficientand the product quality high. A smart IR sensor\s digital processing components and communications capabilities provide a level of flexibility,safety, and ease of use not achieved until now.How Infrared Temperature Sensors WorkInfrared (IR) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum，which includes radio waves，microwaves，visible light, and ultraviolet light, as well as gamma rays and X-rays. The IRrange falls between the visible portion of the spectrum and radio waves. IR wavelengths are usually expressed in microns，with the IR spectrum extending from 0.7 to 1000 microns. Only the 0.7-14 micron band is used for IR temperature measurement.Using advanced optic systems and detectors, noncontact IR thermometers can focus on nearly any portion or portions of the 0.7-14 micron band. Because every object (with the exception of a blackbody) emits an optimum amount of IR energy at a specific point along the IR band, each process may require unique sensor models with specific optics and detector types. For example, a sensor with a narrow spectral range centered at 3.43 microns is optimized for measuring the surface temperature of polyethylene and related materials- A sensor set up for 5 microns is used to measure glass surfaces. A 1 micron sensor is used for metals and foils. The broader spectral ranges are used to measure lower temperature surfaces, such as paper, board, poly, and foil composites.The intensity of an object's emitted IR energy increases or decreasesin proportion to its temperature. It is the emitted energy, measured as the t a rg e t‟s emissive，that indicates an object丨s temperature.Emissive is a term used to quantify the energy-emitting characteristics of different materials and surfaces. IR sensors have adjustable emissive settings, usually from 0.1 to 1.0, which allow accurate temperature measurements of several surface types.The emitted energy comes from an object and reaches the IR sensor through its optical system, which focuses the energy onto one or more photosensitive detectors. The detector then converts the IR energy into an electrical signal, which is in turn converted into a temperature value based on the sensor's calibration equation and the target's emissive. This temperature value can be displayed on the sensor, or, in the case of the smart sensor, converted to a digital output and displayed on a computer terminal。
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中英文对照翻译Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeople's eyes can see the visible wavelength from long to short according to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 ~ 0.76 muon m, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range ~ muon m. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavelengths of light is longer than that of infrared light. Infrared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 ~ 1.5 muon m between the near infrared to transfer control signal.Commonly used infrared remote control system of general points transmit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitting diode the infrared wavelengths, for 940nm appearance and ordinary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode generally have black and blue, transparent three colors. Judgement of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a multimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of infrared light emitting diode, reverse resistance. The infrared light emitting diode luminescence efficiency to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare conditions to pull away from roughly judgement. Receiving part of infrared receiving tube is a photosensitive diode.In actual application of ir receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will increase high-gain ones.the amplifier circuit.In common CX20106A, etc PC1373H muon infrared receiving special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using infrared receiving head finished. The head of infrared receiving product packages generally has two kinds: one kind USES sheet shielding, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO orOUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varied, manufacturer's instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugging and shell screen, use rise as a transistor, very convenient. But when used in the infrared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.Infrared remote common carrier frequency for 38kHz, this is transmitted by using 455kHz TaoZhen to decide. At the launch of crystals were integer frequency, frequency coefficients, so commonly 12, so 455kHz ÷12 hundredth kHz 38kHz hundredth 379,000. Some remote control system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc, general 40kHz launched by the crystals of oscillation frequency to decide.Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote control without mutual interference, Circuit testing is simple, as long as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press diagram suo ji. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household appliances, indoor close (less than 10 meters) in the remote control is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different control function. When pressed a button, correspondingly in the receiver with different output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-locking and interlock, data five forms. "The pulse output is according to launch" when the button, the receiver output terminals output corresponding "effective", a pulse width 100ms in general. "Level" refers to the output launch press button, the receiver output corresponding output level ", "effective transmit to loosen the receiver" level "disappears. This "effective pulse" and "effective", may be of high level is low, and may also depend on the output corresponding static state, such as feet for low, static "high" for effective, As for the static, "low" high effective. In most cases, "high" for effective. "Since the lock" refers to launch the output of each time you press the button, a receiver output corresponding change, namely originally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for "invert". "The interlock" refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output.The TV sets of this case is selected, the other is like the light and sound input speed, etc."Data" refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a binary number, to represent different keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a "valid" output data, so the timely to collect data. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are commonly used interface. In addition to the above output form outside, still have a "latch" and "temporary" two forms. The so-called "latch" refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding ", "new store until you receive signals. "Temporary" output and the introduction of "level" output is similar.Remote distance (Remote Control effect of RF Remote Control distance) are the major factors as follows:1, launched in power transmission power: while distance, but great power consumption, easy to generate interference,2 and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distance increased sensitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturbance maloperation or abuse, 3, antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distance, but occupies a large space, in use the antenna spin, pull can increase the remote distance,4 and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective conditions,5 and stop: current use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffraction between such as walls are blocking will greatly discounted remote distance, if is reinforced concrete walls, due to the absorption effect conductor, radio waves.Considering the design of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the introduction of the function.1) AT89C2051 internal structure and performanceAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performance of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage technology manufacturing and industrial standard MCS - 51 instruction set and lead. Through the combination of single chip in general CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexibleand low cost solutions. The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro controller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two kinds of leisure and power saving operation mode. The performance is as follows:8 CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Working voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage,The static working way: 0-24MHz, 15 root input/output line,A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters,There is a slice of inside precision simulation comparator, 5 the interrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C2051 interior structure2) AT89C2051 chip pin and functionIn order to adapt to the requirement of intelligent instrument, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major changes to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) increased a simulated comparator.AT89C2051 pin function:1 the Vcc: voltage.2 to GND.3 P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 ~ P1.7 mouth pin the internal resistance provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requirements on the external pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece inside precision simulationDiagram b AT89C2051 foot figurecomparator with input (AIN0) and reversed-phase input (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. When P1 mouth pin into a "1", can make its input. When the pin P1.2 ~ P1.7 as input and external down, they will be for the internal resistance and flow current (IIL). In flash P1 mouth during the procedure and program code data receiving calibration.4 P3: the P3.0 ~ P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the internal resistance with seven two-way I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed inputs piece inside the comparator output signal and it as a general I/O foot and inaccessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb 20mA current. When P3 mouth pin into "1", they are the internal resistance can push and input. As input, and the low external P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use current (IIL) outflow. P3 mouth still used to implement the various functions, such as AT89C2051 shown in table 1. P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory programming and calibration of program control signals.P3 mouth function as is shown in table 1.RST/VPP (RXD)P3.0 (TXD)P3.1 XTAL2 XTAL1 (INT0)P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (T0)P3.4 (T1)P3.5GND VCC P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1(AIN1) P1.0(AIN0) P3.75 RST: reset input. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to "1". When the oscillator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish reset. Each machine cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6 XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier input and inverse internal clock generator input.7. XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifier's output.3) the software and hardware constraints. AT89C2051Due to the foot of the chip AT89C2051, no set limits of external storage interface, so, for external memory read/write instructions as MOVX etc.Due to 2KB ROM, so, the space to jump instruction should pay attention to the destination address range (transfer 000H - 7FFH), beyond the range of addresses, will not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is 00H (7FH -- when stack manipulation), also should be noticed.The input signal is simulated by the original P3.6 foot into the microcontroller, so the original P3.6 footUnable to external use. Simulation comparator can compare two simulation, if the size of the voltage external A D/A converter and its output as A comparator analog input, and by simulating the comparator another input voltage to be measured, through the introduction of the software method can realize the A/D conversion.4 the Flash memory AT89C2051)Provide a 2KB of single-chip AT89C2051 in Flash memory chips, which allows the online program to modify or use special programming programming.A）. Flash memory encryptionAT89C2051 SCM has 2 encryption, can programming (P) or programming (U) to obtain different encryption functionality. Encryption functionality table as shown in table 1-1.Encrypt a content erased only through chips to erase operation.B）. Flash memory programming and procedures(1) the piece inside chip AT89C2051 Flash memory programming model as shown in table 1-2.Table 1-2 AT89C2051 microcontroller programming model. Note: (1) the counters RESET at an EPROM inside the rising edge, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot is executed, pulse count,(2) pieces of 10ms to erase PROG pulse,(3 )during the programming P3.1 pulled low RDY/BSY instructions.C).A T89C2051 SCM in Flash memory chips programming steps are as follows:1. in the sequence is the VCC GND pin, add working voltage, XTAL1 pin RESET, receiving GND pin, other than the above time, waiting for 10ms,2. In P3.2 pin RESET, heightening level,3. In P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 pin; add model multilevel4. P1.0 P1.7 -- for the 000H unit add data bytes,5. RESET to increase the 12V activation programming,6. P3.2 jump to a one byte programming or encryption,7. calibration has been programming, data from 12V to RESET logic level "H" and set P3.3 P3.7 -- for the correct level, and can output data in P1 mouth,Figure c programming circuit Figure d calibration circuit8.For the next addresses) in the unit XTAL1 byte programming, a pulse, make address counter add 1, in mouth add programming data P1.Repeat step 1-8 complete the whole -- 2KB programming.Electricity is XTAL1 Settings: in order to "L" RESET, and float empty other I/O foot, close the VCC power.(3) programming and calibration circuit figure c, d.Explanation:(1) P3.1 during programming instructions to be low RDY/BSY,(2) single erasing the PROG 10ms need,(3) internal EEPROM address counter on the rising edge RESET, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot pulses are executed.Along with the rapid development of science and technology, human society has undergone earth-shaking changes. Make our life more colorful. 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