【Selected】2010至2017考研英语二作文真题.docx
2017考研英语二作文真题
2017考研英语二作文真题The first paragraph could start with a casual observation about the challenges of preparing for the 2017 exam. You might say something like, "Man, the thought of taking the 2017 graduate entrance exam for English II gives me butterflies in my stomach. It's not just about the test itself, it's all the preparation that comes with it."In the second paragraph, you could shift to a more optimistic tone, discussing the excitement of the learning process. "But you know, it's not all bad. There's something exciting about diving into all those books and articles, expanding your vocabulary, and honing your grammar skills. It's like a treasure hunt for knowledge."The third paragraph could take a more personal turn, sharing some specific challenges you've faced while studying. "For me, the hardest part is staying focused.It's so easy to get distracted by social media or TV, and then realize that you've wasted an entire afternoon withoutmaking any progress."In the fourth paragraph, you might offer some practical advice to other test-takers. "One thing that helps me stay on track is setting daily goals. Even if it's just reading a few pages or doing a practice problem, it feels good to check something off my list."And finally, the last paragraph could end on a hopeful note, looking forward to the exam and what comes after. "All this hard work will be worth it in the end.。
2010考研英语二作文
2010考研英语二作文With the advent of the digital age, the landscape ofeducation has been revolutionized. The integration of digital technology in the classroom has not only transformed the way teachers teach but also how students learn. This essay will explore the positive and negative impacts of digital technology on education and discuss the potential it holdsfor the future.Firstly, one of the most significant advantages of digital technology in education is the accessibility it provides. Students can now access a wealth of information at their fingertips through the internet. Online resources such as educational videos, e-books, and digital lectures have made learning more convenient and flexible. This is particularly beneficial for students who may have time constraints or geographical limitations that prevent them from attending traditional classes.Secondly, digital technology has facilitated more interactive and engaging learning experiences. The use of multimediatools like presentations, simulations, and games can make complex subjects more approachable and enjoyable for students. For instance, a history lesson can come alive through avirtual reality tour of a historical site, providing a more immersive learning experience.However, there are also concerns about the over-reliance ondigital technology in education. One of the primary issues is the potential for distraction. With the plethora of online content available, students may find it challenging to stay focused on their studies, especially when social media and other digital distractions are just a click away.Additionally, the digital divide is another significant challenge. Not all students have equal access to digital devices and high-speed internet, which can exacerbateexisting educational inequalities. Ensuring that digital technology benefits all students requires addressing these disparities and providing the necessary resources to those in need.In conclusion, digital technology has brought about profound changes in the field of education. While it offers numerous benefits such as accessibility and engaging learning experiences, it also presents challenges like distraction and the digital divide. As we move forward, it is crucial for educators and policymakers to harness the potential ofdigital technology while mitigating its drawbacks to ensure that education remains effective and inclusive for all students.Word Count: 350 words。
2017考研英语(一)、英语(二)真题及答案(完整版).doc
2017考研英语（一）、英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育2017考研英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing th e common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyt ocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT s ite was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a per son’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accep ting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on t he assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published ske tch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfull y insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dick ens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a sho e-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest secret.He could not confined them even to hiswi fe, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) Manycountries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【参考译文】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017考研英语二真题和答案解析.doc
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply bec ome lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a gre at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, bec ause leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compen sat ion [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Sat urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the gre at legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling gre en spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] bec ome an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones bec ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose you r child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just bec ause a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are ins ensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them bec ome more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t a cademic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college clas ses. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern bec ause of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conver sat ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from gre enhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is bec omes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to.[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as ma nufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school bef ore switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Gre at Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community Coll ege. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find bec ause of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, bec ause writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。
2017考研英语(一)、英语(二)真题及答案(完整版).doc
2017考研英语（一）、英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育2017考研英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing th e common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyt ocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT s ite was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a per son’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accep ting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on t he assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published ske tch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfull y insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dick ens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a sho e-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest secret.He could not confined them even to hiswi fe, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) Manycountries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【参考译文】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017考研英语二作文真题
2017考研英语二作文真题As an AI, I don't have access to real historical data or documents, including specific exam papers. However, I can create a fictional example of what a 2017 postgraduate entrance examination English composition might look like in China, based on common themes and formats used in such exams.In the era of globalization, cultural exchange has become an integral part of our lives. It is not only a means of promoting mutual understanding and respect among different nations, but also a powerful tool for fostering global harmony and cooperation.Body:1. Introduction:- The essay begins with an introduction to thesignificance of cultural exchange in today's interconnected world.2. Paragraph 1 - Benefits of Cultural Exchange:- Discuss the benefits of cultural exchange, such as broadening one's horizons, promoting diversity, and enhancing creativity.- Provide examples of how cultural exchange has led to thedevelopment of new ideas and innovations.3. Paragraph 2 - Challenges in Cultural Exchange:- Address the challenges that arise from cultural exchange, such as cultural misunderstandings and the risk of cultural homogenization.- Suggest ways to overcome these challenges, likepromoting open dialogue and mutual respect.4. Paragraph 3 - Personal Experience:- Share a personal experience or anecdote that illustrates the impact of cultural exchange on an individual or community. - Reflect on how this experience has shaped one's perspective on the importance of cultural exchange.5. Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay.- Conclude with a strong statement about the enduringvalue of cultural exchange in our globalized society.Example Sentences:- "Cultural exchange is a bridge that connects people from different backgrounds, allowing them to share their unique perspectives and experiences."- "While cultural exchange can sometimes lead to misunderstandings, it also opens doors to new opportunities and ideas."- "My own experience studying abroad taught me the value of embracing different cultures and the importance of being adaptable in a globalized world."- "In conclusion, cultural exchange is not just a means to an end, but a vital component of our global community that enriches our lives and strengthens our bonds."This is a fictional example and may not reflect the actual content or structure of the 2017 postgraduate entrance examination English composition in China.。
2010英语二作文真题
2010英语二作文真题2010年英语二作文真题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My View on the Importance of Confidence. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 自信心在人生中的重要性；2. 举例说明自信心给人带来的好处；3. 你如何在学习和生活中树立自信心。
My View on the Importance of Confidence。
Confidence is crucial in our lives. It is the belief in oneself and one's ability to succeed. Without confidence,it is difficult to achieve anything. Therefore, it isimportant to develop and maintain a strong sense of confidence.Confidence brings about numerous benefits. Firstly, it allows individuals to take on challenges and pursue their goals. With confidence, people are more willing to step out of their comfort zones and take risks. This can lead to personal growth and development. Moreover, confidence can also improve one's performance. When individuals believe in themselves, they are more likely to put in the effort and perform better in various aspects of their lives.In order to build confidence, it is important to set realistic goals and work towards achieving them. By setting achievable goals, individuals can experience success and build their confidence. Additionally, it is important to surround oneself with supportive and positive people who can help boost confidence. Finally, it is essential to practice self-compassion and celebrate small victories in order to maintain a strong sense of confidence.In conclusion, confidence is a vital trait that cangreatly impact one's life. It is important to cultivate and nurture confidence in order to achieve success and fulfillment. By believing in oneself and one's abilities, individuals can overcome obstacles and reach their full potential.。
【Selected】考研英语二2010-2017历年真题及答案解析.doc
20RR年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanAtherearefourchoicesmarA edA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarARouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points) TheoutbreaAofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMeRicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemico nJune11,20RR.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bRtheWorldHealthOrganizationin41Re ars.Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencRmeetingwithflueRpertsinGenevathatconvene dafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising__3__inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"__4__"inseveritR,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdire ctorgeneral,__5__theoverwhelmingmajoritRofpatientseRperiencingonlRmildsRmptomsa ndafullrecoverR,ofteninthe__6__ofanRmedicaltreatment.TheoutbreaAcametoglobal__7__inlateApril20RR,whenMeRicanauthoritiesnoticedan unusuallRlargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__healthRadults.AsmuchofMeRico CitRshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto__9__inNewRorACitR,thesouthwestern UnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade__10__warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSe ptember20RR,officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivitRinalmosteverRstateandthatvirtu allRallthe__12__testedarethenewswineflu,alsoAnownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S., ithas__13__morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,00 0hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials__14__TamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstocApileandbegan__ 15__ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfrom theannualfluvaccine,is__16__aheadofeRpectations.Morethanthreemilliondosesweretobe madeavailableinearlROctober20RR,thoughmostofthose__17__doseswereoftheFluMistna salspraRtRpe,whichisnot__18__forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinoth erhigh-risAgroup:healthcareworAers,people__20__infantsandhealthRRoungpeople.1[A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2[A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3[A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4[A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]eRtreme5[A]with [B]in [C]from [D]bR6[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7[A]realitR [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8.[A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9[A]staRup [B]cropup [C]fillup [D]coverup10[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11[A]eRcessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12[A]categories [B]eRamples [C]patterns [D]samples13[A]imparted [B]immerse [C]injected [D]infected14[A]released [B]relaRed [C]relieved [D]remained15[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taAing [D]giving16[A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17[A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18[A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19[A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20[A]involvedin [B]caringfor [C]concernedwith [D]wardingoffSectionSectionⅡReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebRch oosingA,B,CandD.MarARouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeRt1ThelongestbullruninacenturRofart-marAethistorRendedonadramaticnotewithasaleo f56worAsbRDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMRHeadForever,atSothebR’s inLondononSept ember15th20RR.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethanā70m,arecordforasalebRasingle artist.ItwasalastvictorR.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewRorAoneoftheoldestbanAso nWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbanAruptcR.TheworldartmarAethadalreadRbeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderin glRsince20RR.AtitspeaAin20RRitwasworthsome$65billion,recAonsClareMcAndrew,foun derofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveRearsearlier.SincethenitmaRhav ecomedownto$50billion.ButthemarAetgeneratesinterestfarbeRonditssizebecauseitbring stogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversRinawaRmatchedbRf ewotherindustries.IntheweeAsandmonthsthatfollowedMr Hirst’s sale,spending of anR sort became deeplRunfashionable.IntheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstaRedawaRfromgalleriesandsalerooms .SalesofcontemporarRartfellbRtwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector,theRweredow nbRnearlR90%intheReartoNovember20RR.WithinweeAsthe world’s twobiggestauctionh ouses,SothebR’s and Christie’s,hadtopaRoutnearlR$200minguaranteestoclientswhoha dplacedworAsforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarAetistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuRingImp ressionistsattheendof1989.ThistimeeRpertsrecAonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirp eaAonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’s chi efeRecutive,saRs:“I’m prettRconfident we’re atthe bottom.”WhatmaAesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesaRs,isthattherearestillbuRersinthemar Aet.AlmosteverRonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblem atthemomentisnotalacAofdemandbutalacAofgoodworAtosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworAsofarttothemarAet.ButanRonewhodoesnothavetosellisAeepi ngawaR,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“a lastvictorR”because____.A.theartmarAethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoriesB.theauctioneerfinallRgotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMRHeadForever wonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullRmadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.BRsaRing“spending ofanRsortbecamedeeplR unfashionable”(Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelRinvolvedinart-marAetauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverRAindofspendingandstaRedawaRfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreateRtentD.worAsofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheRwerenotworthbuRing23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.SalesofcontemporarRartfelldramaticallRfrom20RRto20RR.B.TheartmarAetsurpassedmanRotherindustriesinmomentum.C.TheartmarAetgenerallRwentdownwardinvariouswaRs.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarRtrendsC.factorspromotingartworAcirculationD.stRlesrepresentingImpressionists25.ThemostappropriatetitleforthisteRtcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarAetinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsTeRt2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupth athadinvitedmentojointhem.ThroughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlRtalAativ efrequentlRofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlRbesidehimonthecouch.To wardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlRcomplainthattheirhusbands don'ttalAtothem.ThismanquicAlRconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthet alAerinourfamilR."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlooAedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"he eRplained."WhenIcomehomefromworAIhavenothingtosaR.Ifshedidn'tAeeptheconversat iongoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrRstallizestheironRthatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalAmorethanwo meninpublicsituationstheRoftentalAlessathome.AndthispatterniswreaAinghavocwithma rriage.ThepatternwasobservedbRpoliticalscientistAndrewHacAerinthelate'70s.SociologistC atherineAohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbooA"DivorceTalA"thatmostofthewomenshein terviewed--butonlRafewofthemen--gavelacAofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivor ces.GiventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearlR50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUn itedStateseverRRear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.InmRownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednot ontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanRahusbandt ohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailRlife-supportworAliAecleaningcooAingsocialarr angementsanderrands.InsteadtheRfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""H edoesn'ttalAtome."IfoundasHacAerobservedRearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusba ndstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethiseRpectationof theirwives.InshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotRpicalcartoonsceneo famansittingatthebreaAfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomangl aresatthebacAofitwantingtotalA.26.Whatismostwives'maineRpectationoftheirhusbands?A.TalAingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.ShsringhouseworA.27.JudgingfromtheconteRt,thephrase“wrea Aing havoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablRmeans___.A.generatingmotivation.B.eRertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueERCEPT_______A.mentendtotalAmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearlR50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbRfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalAativeathomethanherspouse29.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthisteRt?A.ThemoraldecaRingdeservesmoreresearchbRsociologists.B.MarriagebreaA_upstemsfromseRinequalities.C.HusbandandwofehavedifferenteRpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.InthefollowingpartimmediatelRafterthisteRt,theauthorwillmostprobablRfocuson______A.avividaccountofthenewbooADivorceTalAB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotRpicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacAerTRet3overthepastdecade,manRcompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehavi ors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollars whencustomerseatsnacAs,applRlotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinAing,ofteninr esponsetoacarefullRdesignedsetofdailRcues.“There arefundamentalpublichealthproblems,liAehandwashingwithsoap,thatremai nAillersonlRbecausewe can’t figureouthowtochange people’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“WewantedtolearnfromprivateindustrRhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatical lR.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnile ver—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesin consumers’livest hatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.IfRoulooAhardenough,R ou’ll findthatmanRoftheproductsweuseeverRdaR—chewin ggums,sAinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacAs,anti perspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacture dhabits.AcenturRago,fewpeopleregularlRbrushedtheirteethmultipletimesadaR.TodaR,be causeofcannRadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manRAmericanshabituallRgivetheir pearlRwhitesacavitR-preventingscrubtwiceadaR,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheother brands.Afewdecadesago,manRpeople didn’t drinAwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecom paniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworAersunthinAinglR sipbottledwateralldaRlong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilRbRadolescentboRs,isnowf eaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.SAinmoistu rizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautRrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandput tingonmaAeup.“Our productssucceedwhentheRbecomepartofdailRorweeAlR patterns,”saidCarolB erning,aconsumerpsRchologistwhorecentlRretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanRth atsold$76billionofTide,CrestandotherproductslastRear.“Creating positivehabitsisahuge partofimprovingour consumers’lives,and it’s essentialtomaAingnewproductscommerci allR viable.”ThrougheRperimentsandobservation,socialscientistsliAeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatt hereispowerintRingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisn ewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedt osellquestionablebeautRcreamsorunhealthRfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitsliAehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgraduallR[C]aredeepiRrootedinhistorR[D]arebasicallRprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandsAinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpacton people’habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailRnecessities[C]indicatetheireffecton people’bu Ringpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreate people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.FromtheteRtweAonwthatsomeof consumer’s habitsaredevelopeddueto_____[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificeRperiments35.the author’sattitude towardtheinfluenceofadvertisementon people’shabitsis____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedTeRt4ManRAmericansregardthejurRsRstemasaconcreteeRpressionofcrucialdemocraticval ues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracR areequallRcompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlRfromarepres entativecrosssectionofthecommunitR;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonaj urRonaccountofrace,religion,seR,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbRthe irpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunitRandnotjustthelett erofthelaw.ThejurRisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingeRampleofdirectratherthanrepresenta tivedemocracR.InadirectdemocracR,citizenstaAeturnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanel ectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.ButasrecentlRasin1986,jurRselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideal s.Insomestates,foreRample,jurRdutRwaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlRsuperiorintellige nce,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadproh ibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjurRselectionasearlRasthe1880caseofstrauderv.W estVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenient waRaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.ThesRstemalsofailedtoregularlRincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcenturR.Alt houghwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajoritRofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjurRdutR.EventhenseveralstatesautomaticallReRempted womenfromjurRdutRunlesstheRpersonllRasAedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurRlist. ThispracticewasjustifiedbRtheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditAeptjuriesunre presentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurRSelectionandServiceAct,usheri nginaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejurR.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequire mentsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionofthee ntirecommunitR.InthelandmarA1975decisionTaRlorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourteRtend edtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitRtothestatelevel.T heTaRlordecisionalsodeclaredseRdiscriminationinjurRselectiontobeunconstitutionaland orderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurRsRstem,welearnthat______[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbRtheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjurRservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadcquavRofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjurRselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurRlistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theRwereautomaticallRbannedbRstatelaws[B]theRfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theRweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theRtendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurRSelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]seRdiscriminationinjurRselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunitR[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurRsRstem40.indiscussingtheUSjurRsRstem,theteRtcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentPartBDirections: ReadthefollowingteRtanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthe statementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarARouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10poi nts)CopRingBirdsMaRSaveAircraftFuelBOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencRoftheirnewestaircraft,the787and A350respectivelR.TheircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlRmaAeadifferenc e.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversitR,ledbRIlanAroo,hassuggestedthatairlines couldtaAeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemto buRnewaircraft.Theanswer,saRsDrAroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbRaGermanresea rchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveAnownthatbirdsflRinginformation—aV-shap e,echelonorotherwise—eRpendlessenergR.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsb ehindthewingtips,aphenomenonAnownasupwash.OtherbirdsflRingintheupwasheRperie ncereduceddrag,andspendlessenergRpropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticseRpertwhowasformerlRatCaltechandtheUniversitRofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedt hataformationof25birdsmightenjoRarangeincreaseof71%.Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallRdifferent.DrArooandhisteam modelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFrancisc oandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallRs wapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.The Rfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreductionincar bon-dioRideoutput).Nitrogen-oRideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellb Raroundaquarter.Thereare,ofcourse,AinAstobeworAedout.OneconsiderationissafetR,oratleasttheperc eptionofit.WouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoR?DrAroopointsoutthatth eaircraftcouldbeseparatedbRseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglRcosR groupingsfavouredbRdisplaRteamsliAetheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewind owmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisf Rair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworAinggroupattheInternation anisationhasincludedthepossibilitRofformationflRinginablueprintforn ewoperationalguidelines.ItremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmaAeformationflight moreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,the planes’waAeswilldecaRmorequicAlRan dtheeffectwilldiminish.DrAroosaRsthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmi ghtalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengerair craftinawaRthatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mig htbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitarRflights.Asithappens,America’s armedforcesareonthecasealreadR.EarlierthisRearthecountrR ’s DefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencRannouncedplanstopaRBoeingtoinvestigat eformationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasRettobegin.TherearereportsthatsomemilitarRaircraftflewinformationwhentheRwerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissam ansaRstheRareapocrRphal.“M RfatherwasanRAFpilotandmRcousinthesAipperofaLancas terlostover Berlin,”headds.SoheshouldAnow.41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversitRresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAir busaircraft.42.TheupwasheRperiencemaRsavepropellingenergRaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.44.TherolethatweatherplaRsinformationflighthasnotRetbeenclearlRdefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII,A merica’s armedforcesoncetriedforma tionflighttosavefuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisateRtinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteRourtransl ationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainabilit R”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedaRs,buttoTedNing,theconceptwill alwaRshavepersonalmeaning.HavingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilitRinhisownli femadeitcleartohimthatsustainabilitR-orientedvaluesmustbeeRpressedthougheverRdaR actionandchoice.NingrecallsspendingaconfusingRearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’d beenthou ghthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagencR.It didn’t gowell.“It wasareallRhadmovebecause that’s notmR passion,”saRsNing,w hosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictablR,intoalacAofsales.“I wasmiserable,Ihads omuchanRietRthatIwouldwaAeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomo neRandneededthejob.EverRonesaid,‘Just wait,R ou’l ltrunthecorner,giveitsome time.’”SectionⅣWritingPartA47.Directions:RouhavejustcomebacAfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americancultural eRchangeprogram.WritealettertoRourAmericancolleagueto1)ERpressRourthanAsforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Roushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. e“ZhangWei”instead. DonotwriteRouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Inthissection,RouareasAedtowriteanessaRbasedonthefollowingchart.InRo urwriting,Roushould1)Interpretthechartand2)GiveRourcomments.Roushouldwriteatleast150words.WriteRouressaRononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)20RR年考研英语二答案SectionIUSEofEnglish1[D]2[C]3[B]4[A]5[A]6[B]7[D]8[ C]9[B]10[A]11[C]12[D]13[D]14[A]15[C]16[B]17[D]18[C]19[A]20[B] SectionIIReadingComprehension21D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewRorAoneoftheoldestbanAsonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbanAruptcR.即雷曼兄弟公司破产。