2019年英语一考研核心词汇讲解
2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:V

2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:Vvacant 未被占用的 a ~ seat in a busvague 含糊的,不明确的,模糊的 a ~ answervain 徒劳的,无效的~ effortsvalid 有根据的 a ~ excusevalue 价值 I was offered 50 pounds for my old car butits ~ is much highervanish 突然消失,逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbitveil 面纱,面罩 Jewish women wore ~s in token of reverence and submissionventilate 使通风,使空气流通~ a roomventure 冒险,冒险行动,投机行动 take a ~ in oilverge 边,边缘,边沿 the ~ of a streamverify 证明,证实 Subsequent events verified mysuspicionsversatile 多才多艺的 a ~ manversus 诉讼,竞赛等中以……为对手 The match tonight is China ~ Japanvertical 垂直的,立式的 a ~ engineveto 否决,否决权,否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ~vibrate 使震动,使摆动 His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ~vicious 邪恶的,恶毒的,凶残的 lead a ~ lifevigor 体力,精力,活力 in the ~ of manhoodviolate 违反,违背~ the traffic regulationsvirtual 实际上的,事实上的 the ~ manager of the businessvirtue 美德,德行 Among her many ~s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulnessvisible 看得见的,可见的 a ship barely ~ on the horizonvision 视力,视觉~ carevital 有生命力的 The heart is a ~ organvivid 鲜艳的 the ~ green of leaves in springvoid 空的 a ~ spacevolunteer 志愿者,自愿参加者 Are there any ~s for a swim?vote 投票,表决 bring sth to a vote。
2019考研英语之核心词汇(一)(英语学习).doc

2019考研英语之核心词汇(一)(英语学习)1.processn. 过程; 工序; 做事方法; 工艺流程;vt. 处理; 加工; 审阅; 审核;vi. 列队行进;[例句]There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible.全体一致同意尽快开始和平进程。
2.growthn. 生长; 增长; 一茬植株; 肿块,肿瘤;[例句]A steady growth in the popularity of two smaller parties may upset the polls.两个较小政党的支持率稳步上升,可能会打乱投票结果。
3.technologyn. 科技(总称); 工业技术; 工艺学; [总称] 术语;[例句]Technology is changing fast.科技日新月异。
4.theoryn. 理论; 原理; 学说; 推测;[例句]Marx produced a new theory about historical change based upon conflict between competing groups.马克思创立了一种新理论,认为历史的演变是基于对立集团之间的冲突之上的。
5.economyn. 经济; 节约; 理财; 秩序;[例句]Zimbabwe boasts Africa’s most industrialised economy. 津巴布韦是非洲工业化程度最高的经济体。
6.behaviorn. 行为; 态度; (机器等的)运转状态; (事物的)反应; [例句]His behavior was called provocative and antisocial.他的行为被认为是煽动性的和反社会的。
7.accountn. 账,账目; 存款; 记述,报告; 理由;vi. 解释; 导致; 报账;vt. 认为; 把…视作;[例句]Some banks make it difficult to open an account.一些银行把开户弄得很麻烦。
2019考研英语词汇背诵技巧之熟词生义汇总

2019考研英语词汇背诵技巧之熟词生义汇总19考研的小伙伴需要紧张起来了。
小编给大家总结了部分熟词生义,帮助大家避免背单词的误区。
希望同学可以Mark起来,毕竟英语是门重在考基础、复习战线长的学科。
【第一组】leap v. 跳,跳跃;跃过;冲,窜n.跳跃,飞跃[僻]n.激增;骤变leave v.离开;留下,忘带;让,听任;交付,遗赠[僻] n. (~ to do)许可,准予做某事的假;假期leg n.腿;支柱[僻] n. (~ of)(旅程的)一段,一站less a./ad. 更少的(地),更小的(地) [僻] prep. 减去,扣除let v.让,允许,听任;设,假设[僻] v./n.出租,租给level n.水平面;水平;等级a.水平的,平坦的;等高的v.使平坦、平等[僻]v.夷平,摧毁;瞄准a.(指声音,目光等)平等的,坚定的library n.图书馆;藏书室[僻]n.藏书,丛书,文库lick v.舔;(火焰或浪)掠过n.舔[僻]n.(颜料等的)略施,少量v.打败(某人)lie v.躺,平放;处于;位于v.说谎n.谎话[僻]v. (~in)(指抽象事物)在于;(lie with) 是......的义务lift v.升起,抬起,举起;(云雾等)消散n.抬,举;电梯;免费搭车[僻] v.偷窃;抄袭;解除或撤销(限制);运送,空运n.振奋light n.光;灯;点火物v.点燃;照亮a.淡;明亮;轻的[僻]n.领悟,启发a.容易做的;易懂的;不严厉的limp v./n.蹒跚,跛行[僻]a.柔软的,易曲的;无力的line n.线;线路;航线;前线;界线;行;排;字行(pl.)台词v.画线;排队[僻] n.运输公司;方向;路线;行业,活动范围;(产品)类型live v.活着,生活;居住[僻] a.活的,生动的,直播的loaf n.(一个)面包;一条,一块[僻] v.游手好闲,虚掷光阴log n.原木,圆木[僻] n.航海或飞行日志;测速仪v.记航行日志;达到(某程度、里程等)记录long a.长的,长时间的ad.长久地,长期地n.长时间,长间歇[僻] v.(~ for sth/ ~ for sb to do sth) 渴望做某事lot n.许多,大量;(the ~)全部,总量ad.(a ~)很,非常[僻] n.组,批,套,群;签,抽签;命运;地皮,场地low a.低,矮;低于;低声的ad.在或向低的水平或位置;低声地n.低水平,低数目[僻] a.低级的,下层的,卑贱的luck n.运气;好运,侥幸[僻] v.(~ out)走运lumber n.木材,木料[僻] v. (~ sb with)给某人负担或不便; (~ sth up with)零乱堆满;笨重地移动lump n.团,块;肿,挫伤v.(使)成块[僻] v.(~ sb/sth together)将......归并一起或合并考虑【第二组】mad a.发疯的;狂热的,着迷的[僻] a.恼火的,生气的make v.制造,做成;制定;构成;使......,强迫;赚得,获得[僻] v.走过(一段距离),设法达到;促成,成就n.(产品)来源,制法map n.地图,天体图v.在地图上标示;绘制地图[僻] v.(~ sth out)策划,安排;详细提出marble n.大理石,云石;玻璃弹球,泥弹球[僻]n. (pl.)理智,神智market n. 集市,市场;销路,需求(量) [僻] v.在市场上销售;(~ sth to sb)推销mask n.面具,面罩;口罩;假面具v.用面具遮住[僻] v./ n.掩饰,伪装mat n.席子,垫子v.(使某物)缠结[僻] n.一丛;一团;一簇mature a.成熟的;熟的;成人的v.(使)成熟[僻] v.(指保险单等)到期mean v.表示......的意思;意味着;意欲a.平均的;(智力、理解力等)平庸的n.中间;平均值[僻] a.(~ with sth)吝啬的;卑鄙的;凶险的;难看的,劣质的,破旧的meet n.会;集会v.遇见;会谈;迎接[僻] v.满足,符合;支付,偿付might aux. v.可能,也许[僻] n.力量,威力,权利mine pron. (I的物主代词)我的(东西)[僻] n.矿v.采矿mist n.薄雾,霭,水雾v.(使)蒙上薄雾[僻] n.(常作复数)难以透彻了解的事物mistake n.错误,过失,误解v.弄错;误解[僻] v. (~ sb/sth for)把......误认为mix v使混合;混淆[僻] v.~(with sb/ sth)相处,交往;(用于否定)能和谐相处moment n.片刻,瞬间,时刻[僻]conj. (the ~)正当......时刻,一......就mother n.母亲[僻]v.像母亲般关怀或照管,养育;溺爱mouth n.口,嘴;空话;无礼的话[僻] v.嘴动而不出声地说;言不由衷或不知所云地说move v.移动,迁移;采取行动;感动n.移动,变动;一步,一着;行动[僻] v.(在会上)提议mug n.(有柄的)大茶杯[僻] v.对......行凶抢劫;(~ up)突击式学习muscle n.肌肉,体力[僻] n.(操纵他人的)力量v.(~ in (on sb/sth))强行挤入以分享利益mushroom n.蘑菇[僻] v.迅速生长,迅速增加【第三组】nail n.指甲,爪;钉v.抓住;钉牢[僻] v.显示......不属实;(~ down)确定某事name n.名字,名义,名声v.给......取名[僻] v.列举;提名narrow a.狭窄的,狭隘的v.使变窄[僻] a.勉强的;几乎未成的;精确的neat a.整洁的,干净的[僻] a.优美的,雅致的;熟练的,效率高的need aux. v.需要;必须n.需要;(pl.)基本的必需品[僻] n.贫困,困窘needle n.针,指针,针状物[僻] n.愤怒,敌意(尤指在竞争中)v.激怒,烦扰nerve n.神经;(pl.)神经质;勇敢,胆量[僻] v.(~ sb/oneself for sth)使有勇气、决心等做某事nest n.窝,巢;藏匿处,庇护所v.筑巢[僻] n.(大小不等,可以套放在一起的)一组或一套物件net n.网,网状物v.用网捕,使落网[僻] a.净的,纯的;(指结果等)最终的v.净得,净赚nose n.鼻子;(飞机,船等的)前端,突出部分;嗅觉[僻] v.(使)缓慢前行;(~about/around; ~ into)打听,探索;寻找number n.数,数字,数量;号码[僻] n.组,集体v.共计;给......编号nut n.坚果;螺母,螺帽[僻] n.傻子,怪人;(用于名词后)迷恋某事物的人【第四组】off ad.距,离;离开;脱开;断开;不上班;减价prep.从......离开;距......某距离[僻] a. ~(with sb)(对某人)不友好;(作表语)(食物)不新鲜only ad.仅仅,只不过a.唯一的,仅有的[僻] conj.只是,不过;要不然open a.开的;开阔的;开放的;公开的v.开,打开,张开;开业n.公开,户外[僻] a.尚未解决的,尚未确定的out ad./prep. ~(of)出去;离开;离家;突出来;用完ad./a. 不时兴;结束;熄灭[僻] ad.有差错;不合适,不可取;彻底,全部outside n.外部,外面a.外部的,外面的prep.在......外,超出......范围ad.向外面[僻] a.(指选择余地等)非常小的;可能性最大的own a./pron. 自己的v.有,拥有[僻] v.(~to/that...)承认,确认【第五组】pack v.捆扎,打包;塞满,挤满n.包裹,背包[僻] n.(野兽、猎狗等的)一群;一队,一伙,一帮v.(使)(冰、雪等)结块;携带,装备有pad n.垫,衬垫;便签簿v.用软物填塞、覆盖、垫或衬[僻] v.放轻脚步走paddle n.浆v.用浆划[僻] v./n. 蹚水;涉水page n.页;记录,事件[僻] v.(通过扩音器、传呼机等)呼叫pain n.痛,痛苦; (pl.)努力,劳苦v.使痛苦[僻] n.令人厌烦的人或事物paint n.油漆,颜料v.涂颜料,涂漆;画[僻] v.描绘,描述pair n.一对,一双;一副;夫妇[僻] v.配对,成对pale a.苍白的,灰白的;浅的,暗淡的v.变苍白[僻] v.相形见绌。
2019年英语一考研核心词汇讲解

inevitable▪词源上看inevitable来自拉丁语in- + evitabilis (evitable)构词上看inevitable和同义的unavoidable非常相像。
构词成分in- 和un- 都可以表示否定,简单来讲:词缀un- 的使用最广,它常与简单的词干搭配,也常与带有英语本土词尾的词连用;词缀in- 则主要与有拉丁字尾的固定字连用。
示例补充:unfair, unclean, uneven, unripe示例补充:unceasing, unmindful, unwealthy, unselfish, unwholesome示例补充:inaccurate, incapacity, indivisible, insignificant, illegal, impossible, irregular 相关拓展词缀non- 和un-在使用上最为自由:onon- 附加在名词﹑形容词﹑副词前, 表示没有或不存在某事物< a non-drinker 不喝酒的人* a non-stickpan 不粘底的锅* speaking non-stop 说个不停>oun- 附加在形容词前, 表示与原词相反的含义< unexpected = ‘surprising’(没有料到的)* unwise = ‘foolish’ (愚蠢的)>o一对典型的例子:non-British(‘of a nationality which is not British’ 非英国籍的)和un-British(‘being disloyal to Britain’ 不忠于英国的)o词缀in- 也可用以构成反义词,但能与之结合的词较un- 要少一些。
词缀in- 有变体il-, im-, ir-oil- 用于l 之前< illogical >oim- 用于b, m, p 之前< imbalance * immaterial * impossible >oir- 用于r之前< irresponsible >o词缀dis- 也可以用于动词﹑形容词﹑名词之前,构成反义词< dislike 不喜欢* disobedient 不服从的* distrust不信任>词缀a- 主要用于较文学(formal) 的词或科技术语(technical words) 之前,表示“缺乏”或者“无” (lacking in; lack of) < amorphous (‘lacking inshape’) 无定形的* anarchy (‘lack of rule’) 无政府状态>一个词的前缀究竟是用un-, in- 还是dis- 是没有固定规律可循的,只好留心逐一记住。
2019考研:英语大纲核心词汇(17)

2019考研:英语大纲核心词汇(17)新东方在线推荐:2018年考研一次顺利提分课程!!一科不过,全科免费1. elaboratevt. 详细制定;详尽阐述;[生理学]加工;尽心竭力地做;adj. 精心制作的;精巧的;复杂的;(结构)复杂的;[例句]He is known for his elaborate costumes.他以着装精致而闻名。
2. elevatevt. 提升;提升;举起;鼓舞;[例句]He was elevated to the post of prime minister.他升任总理。
3. eliminatevt. 淘汰;排除,消除;除掉;干掉;[例句]The Sex Discrimination Act has not eliminated discrimination in employment.《反性别歧视法》并未根除工作中的歧视。
4. eliten. 精华;精锐,精英;上层集团;(统称)掌权人物;[例句]We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。
5. eloquentadj. 动人的;雄辩的,有口才的;有说明力的;富于表情的,逼真的;[例句]I heard him make a very eloquent speech at that dinner.在那次晚宴上,我听到他作了一番非常有说服力的陈词。
6. embarkvi. 上飞机,上船;着手,从事;vt. 使…上船或飞机;使从事,使着手;投资于;[例句]He's embarking on a new career as a writer.他即将开始新的职业生涯——当一名作家。
7. embodyvt. 表现,象征;包含,收录;使具体化;[军]组编;[例句]Jack Kennedy embodied all the hopes of the 1960s.杰克·肯尼迪代表了20世纪60年代的全部希望。
2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:H

2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:Hhail 欢呼,喝彩:The crowd hailed the actress with joyhalt (行进中的)暂停前进,中止,终止:The car came to a sudden halthamper 妨碍,防碍:hamper sb from getting electedhandicap 障碍,不利条件:Poor eyesight is a handicap to a studenthaste 急速,急忙,仓促,草率: Why all this haste?hatch 孵,孵出:hatch (out) chickenshazard 危险,危害物,危险之源:a life full of hazardsheal 治愈,愈合:heal the sickheap (一)堆:a big heap of bookshedge (矮树)树篱:a quickset hedgehighlight 使显著,使突出:Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oiloutputhinder 妨碍,阻止:Bad weather hindered travelhint 暗示:drop(give ,throw out)a hinthoist 举起,升起,吊起:The war hoisted priceshold 拿着,抓住:The girl is holding the baby in her armshomogeneous 同种类的,同性质的,有相同特征的:homogeneous partshorizon 地平(线):The sun has sunk below the horizonhospital 好客的,殷勤的,热情友好的:be hospital to the homelesshostile 敌人的,敌方的:a hostile armyhumble 地位(或身份)低下的,卑贱的:a humble jobhysterical 情绪异常激动的,歇斯底里的 an hysterical outburst of fury。
2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:W

2019年考研英语大纲核心词汇:Wwage 工资,报酬 What is your weekly ~?wake 醒来,醒着,唤醒 He spends all his waking hours workingwaken 醒来,睡醒 He wakened when the alarm soundedwander 漫步,徘徊 He ~ed homeward 病房 a 4-bed ~warrant 授权,批准,正当理由,根据 He had no ~ for his actionwaterproof 不透水的,防水的~ materialway 方法,方式 Do it your own waywear 穿,戴~ diamondsweary 疲倦的,疲劳的 a ~ lookweave 织,编,编制~ clothwedge 楔子,三角木 Please put a ~ in the door so that it will stay openweed 杂草,野草 My garden is running to ~sweep 哭泣,流泪~for one’s failureweigh 称……重量,称~ oneself on the scalesweld 焊接,煅接 It takes speed to ~ steel at this heatwhirl 旋转,急转 The couples ~ed round the dance floorwhisper 低语,耳语,轻声说~ to sbwhistle 吹口哨,鸣笛 The train ~dwhitewash 粉饰wholesome 有益于健康的~ surroundingswicked 坏的,邪恶的,淘气的,恶作剧的~ habitswind 绕,缠 The snake wound around a branchwire 金属丝,金属线 steel ~withdraw 抽回,收回,提取 She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sightwithhold 使停止,阻挡 be obliged to ~one’s penwithstand 经受,承受~hardshipswitness 目击者,见证人 a ~ of the accidentwonder 奇迹 the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient timesworship 崇拜,崇敬 the ~ of the dollarworth 值……钱 a house ~ 50,000 poundswrap 包,裹~ oneself in a blanketwreck 失事,遇难 a train ~wrench 扳手 He is a ~ .wrinkle 皱,皱纹 He will wore the ~s of anxiety on his forehead.write 写,写字,写信,写作 She ~s to me every other week.。
2019年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析4----翻译

Part CPart C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medicaljournals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that Irealised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. Icame to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper thatpurports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli aweek were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late inlife from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind ofnonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcastersand the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietaryenthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “TheNatural S election of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’sopen science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and importantquestion. It says that the problem is not merely that people do badscience, but that our current system of career advancement positivelyencourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which hasT 参考译文参考译文1:(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.【题目考点】定语从句;状语从句省略结构;并列结构;被动结构【句子结构】主干为:There is a good deal of this kind of nonsense. which 引导定语从句修饰nonsense;when引导时间状语从句,且形式是状语从句的省略,省略了主语和系动词(this kind of nonsense is);介词短语in the medical j ournals作状语;both health scares和short-lived dietary enthusiasms是并列结构,做动词generates的宾语。
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inevitable▪词源上看inevitable来自拉丁语in- + evitabilis (evitable)构词上看inevitable和同义的unavoidable非常相像。
构词成分in- 和un- 都可以表示否定,简单来讲:词缀un- 的使用最广,它常与简单的词干搭配,也常与带有英语本土词尾的词连用;词缀in- 则主要与有拉丁字尾的固定字连用。
示例补充:unfair, unclean, uneven, unripe示例补充:unceasing, unmindful, unwealthy, unselfish, unwholesome示例补充:inaccurate, incapacity, indivisible, insignificant, illegal, impossible, irregular 相关拓展词缀non- 和un-在使用上最为自由:onon- 附加在名词﹑形容词﹑副词前, 表示没有或不存在某事物< a non-drinker 不喝酒的人* a non-stickpan 不粘底的锅* speaking non-stop 说个不停>oun- 附加在形容词前, 表示与原词相反的含义< unexpected = ‘surprising’(没有料到的)* unwise = ‘foolish’ (愚蠢的)>o一对典型的例子:non-British(‘of a nationality which is not British’ 非英国籍的)和un-British(‘being disloyal to Britain’ 不忠于英国的)o词缀in- 也可用以构成反义词,但能与之结合的词较un- 要少一些。
词缀in- 有变体il-, im-, ir-oil- 用于l 之前< illogical >oim- 用于b, m, p 之前< imbalance * immaterial * impossible >oir- 用于r之前< irresponsible >o词缀dis- 也可以用于动词﹑形容词﹑名词之前,构成反义词< dislike 不喜欢* disobedient 不服从的* distrust不信任>词缀a- 主要用于较文学(formal) 的词或科技术语(technical words) 之前,表示“缺乏”或者“无” (lacking in; lack of) < amorphous (‘lacking inshape’) 无定形的* anarchy (‘lack of rule’) 无政府状态>一个词的前缀究竟是用un-, in- 还是dis- 是没有固定规律可循的,只好留心逐一记住。
with an eye for numbers▪文中释义:擅长数字这里涉及到一个习语表达have an eye for someone or something,它常用来表达一种敏锐的鉴赏或者辨别能力(be able to recognize, appreciate, and make good judgements about a particular thing),有时候可以参照中文中的“有眼光”或者“有品位”来理解。
文中这里字面意思是对数字的敏感。
tally▪tally的拉丁语词源表示“小棍” (stick),准确来讲是叫“符木”,即古时记载欠帐或付款数目的木签。
这一源头含义在现如今衍生拓展开来,都和“计数”相关(The word tally has to do with counting.)。
文中这里表示“通过做记号记录” (To record by making a mark.) 的含义。
okeep a daily tally of the water-level fluctuations 记录每天水位变化情况otally a score 记录一积分tubercular▪tubercular表示“结核病的”,来自tuberculosis “结核病”相关拓展tuberculosis的构词十分规整:tuberculosis = tubercle +-osis构词成分:tubercle和tuber同源,表示病理学中的“结核节”,这里参与构词。
构词成分:词缀-osis这里表示“病变的或不正常的状态” (diseased or abnormalcondition)示例补充:leuk osis, neur osismonarch▪monarch的构词太规整了,可以直接一分为二:monarch = mon-+ -arch构词成分:词缀mon-, mono-表示“单”或者“一” (one; single; alone);词缀-arch表示“统治者”或者“领导者” (ruler; leader)。
合在一起就是表示“君主”、“帝王”、“最高统治者”的monarch知识点:身体部位的习语解析:with/have an eye for的意思是:to be good at noticing a particular type of thing,中文翻译为:对…有鉴赏眼光;具有识别…价值的眼力。
Eg:She has an eye for detail. 她观察敏锐,善于发现细节。
汉语中有很多词语包含表示身体部位的词,如头重脚轻,眼高手低,手舞足蹈,耳熟能详,耳聪目明等,英文中野不例外。
有些是英汉意义相似或相同的词语,如:be armed to teeth武装到牙齿,全副武装wash one’s hands of sth 洗手不干某事with one’s tail between one’s legs夹着尾巴做人,垂头丧气但更需要我们花费时间和精力研究的是,英汉意义不同或差异较大的词语:be all thumbs 笨手笨脚under sb’s thumbs 受制于某人the beam in one’s eye 严重错误bury one’s head in sand 掩耳盗铃,逃避现实by the skin of one’s teeth 刚好,勉强have the ball at one’s feet 胜券在握,胸有成竹hit the nail on the head 一针见血,一语中的as plain as the nose on one’s face 显而易见be sent off with a flea in one’s ear 碰一鼻子灰,碰钉子shake the dust from one’s feet 断然离去a stiff upper lip 不惧困难,毫不气馁glimpse of▪常见搭配glimpse of表示“短促的,粗略的一瞥”(quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearly),也可以引申使用(a short experience of something that helps you begin to understand it),比如文中这里。
oThey caught a glimpse of a dark green car.oWe only had a fleeting glimpse of the river.oa glimpse of what life might be like in the futuresuddenness▪词汇拆解:suddenness = sudden + -ness构词成分:词缀-ness用以与形容词结合构成不可数名词,表示“状态” (state)、“质量” (quality)、“情况” (condition)、“程度” (degree)示例补充:good ness, dry ness, silli ness, bright nessterror▪理解一个单词的时候,它的词义强烈程度也要注意。
比如terror表示“惊骇” (intense, overpowering fear),它的强烈程度比fear高很多。
相关同义拓展alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread这些名词都可以表示“恐惧”的含义。
oalarm强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
ofear普通用词,侧重面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。
ofright通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,有时含夸张意味。
ohorror侧重因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。
panic常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
oterror指极大的恐惧和惊骇,语气最强。
odread可与fear换用,着重害怕的心理,但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
modern medicine▪文中释义:现代医学medicine除了表示“药” (a substance or preparation used in treating disease),也可以表示“医术”或者“医学”(the science and art dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease)。
ostudy medicine at the university 在大学学医opractise medicine 行医oa Doctor of Medicine 医学博士oethical problems in medicine 医学中的道德问题chronic diseases▪文中释义:慢性病chronic相关构词拓展chronic的构词十分规整:chronic = chron- + -ic构词成分:词缀chrono-, chron- 表示“时间” (time)构词成分:词缀-ic 这里用以构成形容词拓展补充•chronologically中包含一个常用的词根“chron”,该构词成分的含义是“时间”(time)词根chron来自希腊语khrónos (time)o这里涉及一位古希腊神话中的超原始神“柯罗诺斯” (Chronos),其可以代表永恒的时间。
柯罗诺斯通常和宙斯的父亲——克罗诺斯(Cronus) 混淆,原因之一就是二者的名字太相近了,这其中的纠葛和今天的词源知识无关,这里不做详述。
到了文艺复兴的时候,柯罗诺斯和克罗诺斯都被赋予了“时间之父” (Father Time) 的身份认同,在当时的艺术作品中可以看到他们变成一个老人手持镰刀的形象。