通用学术英语system课后答案
通用学术英语Unit 2 System reading
Still other people refer to what the essay is going to focus on, why, and how.
What is driving the interest in ecosystem services? It is perceived that the ecosystems providing them are
in decline. What are people’s attitudes towards the changes of
whole essay. It usually includes the following: a statement or hook 挂钩to gain the readers interest; definition of any central concepts; contextualizing material --- providing relevant
background information; the topic and focus of the essay; the rationale, or reason, for writing the essay; an indication of the essay’s organization.
What is a thesis statement?
Some people refer to a sentence near the start of an essay in which the writer presents their main idea as a thesis statement.
《学术英语(综合)》课后答案
《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
学术英语习题及部分答案
Training and Practice for English for Academic PurposesPart I1.Discuss the following questions.What are basic principles the researchers must try to follow when they write their research papers? And would you please list some deadly sins a researcher must avoid when they want to publish a research paper? What are the main contents of a research paper?2. Translate the following Chinese introduction into English.提高起重机生产力和安全性的设备研究近些年来，就用研究人员对起重机(crane)的研究兴趣与日俱增。
起重机种类繁多，从樱桃采摘机(cherry pickers)到巨型塔式起重机(huge tower cranes) ，是建筑工地不可或缺的重要设备之一。
由于建筑用起重机工作环境多变(constantly changing working environment), 操作者(operator)责任重大(heavy reliance)。
过去几十年里，超重机技术日新月异，但是操作员与其他工种人员配合协作方面的技术发展缓慢。
起重机的发展步伐如此迅猛，我们似乎要问，在某些方面，是不是已经超出(outstrip)了人们安全使用的能力？本文旨在探讨如何通过新型设备的引进提高起重机生产力以及提出相关安全性的举措，进而为新型起重机的应用和案例提供新的思路。
In recent years, researchers have become more interested in crane research. The variety of cranes, from cherry pickers to giant tower cranes, is one of the most important equipment on construction sites. As a result of the changing working environment of the construction crane, operator is responsible for heavy reliance. Over the past few decades, the technology of overweight machines has been changing rapidly, but the operators have been slow to cooperate with other workers in collaboration. The pace of development of cranes is so rapid that we seem to be asking whether in some respects, the outstrip has exceeded the ability of people to safely use it. This paper aims to explore how to improve crane productivity and raise related security measures through the introduction of new equipment, so as to provide new ideas for the application and case of new cranes.3. You are writing a research paper entitled “The Effects of Radiation from the Sun on Life o n Earth”. In your introduction you need to review, in general terms, how the sun supports life on the earth. Prepare an Introduction section for your paper based on the information below.⏹Distance from the earth: 92,976,000 miles⏹The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusio n of hydrogen to helium.⏹Intense radiation, including lethal ultraviolet radiation, arrives at the earth’s outer atmosphere.⏹Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation.⏹The seasons of the earth’s climate results from (1) the 23.30tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation from the normal to the plane of the earth’s orbit around the Sun, (2) the large coverage area of water on the earth (about 75% of the earth’s surface), and (3) the rotation of the earth with associated generation of jet-stream patterns.⏹Radiation passing through the earth’s atmosphere loses most short-wave radiation, butsome arriving at the surface is converted into infrared radiation which is then trapped by water vapor and other tri-atomic molecules in the troposphere and stratosphere, causing global warming.Life on earth is maintained from photosynthesis and conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen by plants.4.Translate the following parts of sentences in Introduction into proper English.（1）过去对……的研究工作说明……The previous work on … has indicated that…（2）A在1932年做了关于……的早期研究。
大学学术英语教材答案
大学学术英语教材答案Unit 1: Reading ComprehensionPart A1. C2. B3. D4. A5. CPart B6. The main idea of the passage is that there are several effective strategies to help non-English speaking international students improve their academic English writing skills.7. The author suggests that non-English speaking international students should read extensively, practice writing regularly, seek feedback from professors or writing centers, and participate in academic writing workshops.8. The term "discourse community" refers to a group of people who share common goals, knowledge, and ways of communication within a specific academic field or profession.9. Non-English speaking international students may face challenges in academic writing due to language barriers and cultural differences. They may struggle with vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and academic conventions.10. The author emphasizes the importance of perseverance and continuous practice in improving academic writing skills. Students should not get discouraged by initial difficulties but rather seek assistance and keep working on their writing abilities.Unit 2: Vocabulary and GrammarPart A11. intensify12. abstract13. biased14. acquire15. fundamental16. authentic17. subtle18. context19. coherent20. graspPart B21. The internet has revolutionized the way we access information.22. The new manager aims to streamline the company's operations and increase efficiency.23. The scientist conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of climate change.24. The concert attracted a diverse audience of all ages and backgrounds.25. The legal system should ensure equal treatment and justice for all individuals.Unit 3: Listening ComprehensionPart A26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. DPart B31. The main purpose of the presentation is to inform the audience about the benefits of studying abroad.32. The presenter mentions that studying abroad can help students develop cross-cultural communication skills and enhance their global perspectives.33. The presenter mentions that studying abroad can provide students with opportunities to immerse themselves in a different academic environment and gain a deeper understanding of their field of study.34. The presenter suggests that studying abroad can contribute to personal growth and self-confidence, as students face challenges and adapt to a new cultural context.35. In conclusion, the presenter encourages students to consider studying abroad as a valuable and transformative experience that can enrich their personal and academic lives.Unit 4: SpeakingPart A36. There are several potential advantages of group work in academic settings. First, it promotes collaboration and teamwork skills, which are highly valued in many professions. Second, it allows for the sharing of diverse perspectives and ideas, which can lead to deeper learning and innovative solutions. Third, it helps develop communication and interpersonal skills as students interact and negotiate with their peers. Overall, group work provides a more engaging and interactive learning experience.Part B37. In my opinion, the most effective method of note-taking depends on individual preferences and learning styles. For visual learners, using mind maps or diagrams can be helpful in organizing information. For auditory learners, recording lectures and listening to them later can aid in comprehension. For kinesthetic learners, hands-on activities such as drawing or writing summaries can facilitate retention. Ultimately, students should experiment with different methods and find what works best for them.Unit 5: WritingPart A38. Introduction: The purpose of this essay is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using social media in education.39. Advantages: Social media can facilitate communication between students and professors, allow for easy access to educational resources, and promote collaborative learning.40. Disadvantages: Social media can lead to distractions, privacy concerns, and potential misinformation or lack of credible sources.41. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of social media in education has both positive and negative implications. It is crucial for educators and students to approach it mindfully, making use of its benefits while being aware of its drawbacks.Part B42. In my opinion, it is essential for universities to provide academic English courses for non-English speaking students. These courses can help students improve their language skills, particularly in academic writing and speaking. Proficiency in academic English is crucial for success in higher education and future careers. Additionally, these courses can also provide cultural orientation and support, helping international students navigate the challenges of studying in a foreign country. Overall, academic English courses contribute to a more inclusive and supportive learning environment for all students.Note: This sample answer is for reference only and may vary depending on the specific questions and content of the textbook. It is recommended to refer to the actual textbook or teaching materials for accurate and complete answers.。
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案问题一：什么是学术英语？学术英语是一种专门用于教学、研究及学术交流的英语语言形式。
它包括各种学科的特定词汇、表达方式和写作风格。
对于医学专业的学术英语来说，它涉及到医学领域的专业术语和规范化的文体结构。
问题二：为什么要学习学术英语(医学)？学术英语在医学领域中具有重要的作用。
首先，医学是一个全球性的学科，学术英语作为一种国际语言，是医生、研究人员和学生在国际学术交流中沟通的重要工具。
其次，掌握学术英语能够帮助医学专业人员更好地阅读、理解和撰写医学文献，从而提高他们在研究和学术写作方面的能力。
问题三：学术英语(医学)有哪些特点？学术英语(医学)具有以下几个特点：1.专业术语：学术英语(医学)包含大量的专业术语，如疾病名称、解剖学术语、临床检查方法等。
掌握这些术语是理解和交流医学知识的基础。
2.精确性：医学领域注重精确性和准确性，因此学术英语(医学)的表达方式也要求准确无误。
医学文献中的数据、研究结果等都需要以精确的词汇和表达方式进行描述。
3.结构化写作：学术英语(医学)的写作通常遵循一定的结构，如引言、方法、结果、讨论等。
这种结构化的写作方式有助于读者更好地理解文献的内容。
4.文体规范：学术英语(医学)有其独特的文体规范，包括使用被动语态、使用科学术语、使用正式的词汇和语法等。
熟悉这些规范可以使读者更容易理解和评价医学文献。
问题四：学术英语(医学)的学习方法有哪些？学术英语(医学)的学习可以采用以下几个方法：1.积累词汇：学习医学专业词汇是学术英语学习的基础。
可以通过背单词、阅读医学文献、听写等方式来积累词汇。
2.阅读文献：阅读医学文献是提高学术英语阅读能力的重要途径。
可以选择一些经典的医学期刊、论文或教材进行阅读，并学习其中的写作和表达方式。
3.练习写作：通过练习医学写作，可以提高学术英语写作的能力。
可以选择一些医学主题进行写作练习，并请教老师或专业人士提供反馈和建议。
学术英语课后答案 unit4
Unit 4 Writing a Literature ReviewI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit, you will learn how to:1.write a self-contained literature review2.write a literature review as a part of an essay3.cite sources by correct quotation and paragraphs4.give the appropriate documentation to the source you use5.avoid different kinds of plagiarism6.identify common knowledge7.acquire paraphrasing skills8.enhance language skills related with reading and listening material presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures1 Writing a literature reviewTask 11 The four articles were published right after the Fukushima disaster in Japan and all addressed the topic of potential risks of nuclear radiation.2 Radiation is not so terrible as expected and human beings are exposed to different sources of radiation every day. Whether it will endanger human health or not depends on the duration and strength of radiation exposure.3 Amber Cornelio holds a different attitude from the other three authors. He believes that radiation exposure will certainly raise the risk of getting cancer and government officials downplay its potential danger to justify its use of nuclear power.4 Answers may vary.5 It seems that Text 11, 12, 14 provide more scientific facts about nuclear radiation than Text 13 which is more emotionally charged by using many rhetorical questions and phrases like “I am simply floored”, “let officials be oblivious”, “not to be outdone”, “Do not tell us about that”. Hence it appears less reliable and trustworthy.Task 2Compared with uranium which the production of conventional nuclear power needs, there is more lithium in the sea water which can support 30 million years’ fusion fuel.Task 31 Review the previous related studies2 State the previous s tudies’ limitation3 Announce the direction for further studies2 Writing a self-contained literature reviewTask 11 Stigmatization, a kind of social rejection, is big challenge to the mentally ill. They are rejected by people because of the label they carry or that their behaviors indicate that they belong to a certain labeled group.2 To report the past studies of the topic. Studies have proved that stigmatization of the mentally ill is caused by the public’s belief in myths about the dangerousnes s of the mentally ill and exposing those myths can reduce stigmatization.3 Three articles.4 Pescosolido & Tuch (2000) thought that a common respond to the mentally ill are rejection and fear of violence. Another article concluded that rejection and fear are caused by less contact with mentally ill. Alexander and Link (2003) found that any type of contact with mentally ill individuals reduced perceptions of dangerousness of the target.5 1) What are major causes for the rejection and fear, and can they be reduced?2) This finding is verified by Alexander and Link (2003).Task 2Text 11Title: Risks of Nuclear PowerAuthor(s): Bernard L. CohenSource: .Summary: Radiation from nuclear power is feared to have the potential of causing a cancer or some genetic diseases. This fear, however, is dismissed by Cohen after he compares artificial radiation and the radiation that occurs naturally in our environment, analyzing their respective impact on human health. Cohen separately discusses the different sources of nuclear power risks and arrives at the following conclusions: 1) the probability of real reactor accidents, with the safety system of defense in depth, are extremely small; 2) radioactive waste, if properly handled, causes negligible damage; 3) other radiation problems, such as accidents in transportation or radon exposures in mining, are also not so threatening as they seem to be. In summary he believes that radiation due to nuclear power will cause much fewer cancers and deaths than coal burning. (130 words)Text 12Title: How Radiation Threatens HealthAuthor(s): Nina BaiSource: Scientific AmericanSummary: Nina Bai addresses the widespread concerns over the health effects of radiation exposure in the wake of Fukushima nuclear crisis. She discusses three determinative factors: thelevel, type and duration of radiation exposure. First, radiation sickness usually occurs when there is excessive dose of exposure, though the limits of radiation level differ for the general public, radiation workers, and patients going through medical radiation. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two, albeit being lower energy, are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Finally, Bai draws on the lesson of Chernobyl, and concludes radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. (136 words)Text 13Title: Should Nuclear Radiation Found in Domestic Milk Come as a Surprise?Author(s): Amber CornelioSource: http://www. Summary: Amber Cornelio (2011) maintains that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster h as threatened the daily life of ordinary Americans. He challenges the government’s view that radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. He believes the government has failed to do the job of protecting people. In the end, he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line. He warns that covering up the facts is not the key to avoid similar disasters in the future. (108 words) 66Text 14Title:Radiation and Health: The Aftershocks of Japan’s Nuclear DisasterAuthor(s): Susan BlumenthalSource: http://www. Summary: Susan Blumenthal (2011) aims to inform people of nuclear radiation with scientific facts. She starts the essay with a reference to the worldwide spread of fear in the wake of Fukushima disaster and then explains what radiation is. The explanation is followed by a report of different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She goes on to tell that an exposure to those materials will increase the risks of some major diseases. However, she concedes radiation is not so menacing as was assumed and humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. Whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. She warns that exposure to high doses of radiation can lead to acute health problems. Long-term low dose exposure to radiation is equally fatal. (137words)Task 3The release of substantial amounts of radiation into the atmosphere from Fukushima nuclear plant has triggered widespread concerns over the use of nuclear power and the health effects of radiation exposure. Since the Chernobyl disaster, especially the Fukushima nuclear crisis, many scientists and scholars have attempted to estimate the effect of nuclear radiation on human health. Cohen (2011) believes the fear that nuclear radiation will cause a cancer or other genetic diseases is unnecessary. He made a detailed analysis of the effects of accidents in nuclear power plants,accidents in transporting radioactive materials and escape of radioactive wastes from confinement systems on human health by comparing the effects of coal burning. Cohen arrived at the following conclusions: nuclear radiation, if properly handled, causes negligible damage and much fewer deaths than coal burning. Cohen’s idea is shared by Bai (2011). Bai discussed three determinative factors: the level, type and duration of radiation exposure. She found that radiation sickness usually occurs only when there is excessive dose of exposure. Second, of the four types of ionizing radiation, gamma, X-ray, alpha, and beta, the latter two are more likely to cause health damage. Third, a very high single dose of radiation can be more harmful than the same dosage accumulated over time. Bai concluded that radiation exposure within reasonable limit is not so fearful and it is good to exercise caution. Blumenthal (2011) did similar research. She examined different types of radioactive materials released into the air. She found that an exposure to those materials would increase the risks of some major diseases. However, the radiation is not somenacing as was assumed as humans are exposed to naturally occurring radiation every day. She believes that whether radiation is harmful to health or not depends on two contexts: the duration and strength of the exposure. Only exposure to high doses of radiation or long-term low dose exposure could lead to acute health problems.Contrary to the three scholars, however, Cornelio (2011) maintained that radiation from Japan’s Fukushima disaster threatened the daily life o f ordinary Americans. He challenges the government’s view that radioactive materials detected in domestic milk, vegetables and rainwater will pose no public health concern. He suspects that the government is downplaying the potential dangers of radiation to justify its use of nuclear power. Hence he urges the government to be more responsible and stop building power plants on a faulty line.3 Writing a literature review as a part of an essayTask 11 Content-based instruction (CBI) is an alternative approach to teaching English. In such an approach, language teaching is integrated within discipline-specific content courses. The major goal is to equip students with academic literacy skills across the curriculum. CBI has gained wide acceptance in U.S. undergraduate institutions.2 Numerous research studies demonstrate consistently that content-based second language teaching promotes both language acquisition and academic success.3 More than 10 articles.4 The literature on CBI has focused mainly on its most immediate effects, i.e., the outcomes of one or two semesters in which content-based instruction was provided. Studies on the sustained or long-term benefits of content-based language instruction are scarce.5 The writer plans to study how will C BI impact students’ future performance both in terms of academic courses and English proficiency.Task 2Nuclear Radiation and Its Long-Term Health EffectThere is a constant controversy as to the application of nuclear power and risks from nuclear radiation ever since the Chernobyl disaster. Especially the release of substantial amounts ofradiation into the atmosphere from Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2010 has triggered the widespread fear and concerns over risks of radiation leaks, radiation exposure, and their impact on people’s health. The commonsensical and intuitive response of the public is that nuclear radiation is most likely to cause a cancer or genetic diseases. Many researchers, however, assured the public that there is no substantial danger as assumed, and nuclear power is not as fearful or menacing as it seems to be. Cohen (2011), Blumenthal (2011) and Bai (2011), for example, cited numerical evidence and resorted to scientific facts to illustrate that a certain level of nuclear radiation risks won’t pose real danger if handled properly with the current technology available or by following the prescribed rules. They do admit the possibility of radiation initiating certain kinds of diseases, though. Only exposure to high doses of radiation or long-term low dose exposure could lead to acute health problems (Bai 2011). Nevertheless, not everyone agrees. Cornelio (2011), on the other hand, holds that nuclear radiation is most likely to threaten people’s health by contaminating milk, vegetables, and rainwater.The literature on the relationship between radiation and health largely focused on the manageability of nuclear risks and played down the damage that nuclear radiation is likely to cause. The researches generally took a detour as to whether there is any solid evidence to bear out the long-term health impact of nuclear radiation. There needs to be more well-grounded studies on the correlation between radiation and health, and on the possible long-term health effects in order to address the concerns of the general public. Besides, we also need to answer questions like “Why is there a disparity between the commonsensical feeling of the public and the explication offered by experts concerning nuclear radiation and health?”, “Are scientists biased and use the facts and statistics to their favor?” and “Is there a long-term negative health impact if one takes moderate doses of nuclear contaminated food over a long period?”Task 3Answers may vary.Task 4Answers may vary.4 CitationTask 1Order Name and date Quotation Paraphrase1 Newell and Simon (1972)√2 Feigenbaum and Feldman (1963) √3 Polya (1945)√4 Minsky (1968)√Task 2Technology plays an ever important role in the making discoveries. Throughout scientific history, many discoveries have been made because of the application of more sophisticated devises and equipment. For example, Galileo’s great discovery was attributed to the improv ementof machinery for making telescopes. And thanks to the Deep See Explorer II, life forms are now known to exist in the deeper parts of the Pacific Ocean despite the great pressure, a fact which defies the previous opinion that there was no life at the extreme depth. (Jones, 2001:125)Task 3Human activities are chiefly responsible for climate change. Despite the dispute as to whether global warming is caused by human activities (McGuire, 2001), carbon dioxide has been proved the major factor for climate change. Carbon dioxide will form a thick gas layer as it is constantly building up in the atmosphere. The gas layer is the killer of the ozone layer—the layer which protects the Earth from harmful radiation, thus causing global warming. It is documented that carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted in a number of ways, among which the burning of fossil fuel can obviously release a great amount of CO2 into the atmosphere (Dalleva, 2007). Another way is deforestation, such as the conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. According to Border (2011) 15 to 20% of total carbon dioxide emissions is attributed to land use changes.5 Documentation6 Avoiding plagiarismTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 The sun rises in the east. (CK)2 Paris is the capital of France. (CK)3 Fudan is one of the best universities in China. (not CK)4 Shanghai students speak better English than Sichuan Students because of less accent. (not CK)5 Chinese college students are mostly scientific illiterate. (not CK)6 There are 1.3 billion residents in China in 2011. (CK)7 One can never judge a person by his appearance. (CK)Task 31: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.2: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.3: a) fails to use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.4: a) lacks both the inside acknowledgement and the reference.5: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.6: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.7: a) doesn’t use the quotation mark when it uses the exact words of the original.8: a) lacks the inside acknowledgement.7 ParaphrasingTask 11: a)2: b)Task 23 Instructivists hold that the “real world”, external to individuals, can be represented as knowledge and determines what will be understood by individuals. This view has been shifting to a constructivist view over the past decade (Merriënboer, 1997).4 Two components must be present in an instructional design theory. The first component (methods) describes how human learning will be supported, and the second component (situation) describes when certain methods ought to be used (Reigeluth, 1999).5 According to Heimlich (1992), man has always had an interest in the environment both as a source of raw materials and as a refuge for the human spirit. Nowadays, the two main e nvironmental interests are based on the concept of “a better quality of life”, as well as the need to replenish the sources of raw materials. In comparison with the pre-1960s, much greater interest in the environment is currently being expressed.6 According to Gredler (2001), the same factors apply to developing complex skills in a classroom setting as to developing complex skills in any setting. A response must be induced, then reinforced as it gets closer to the desired behavior. Reinforcers have to be scheduled carefully, and cues have to be withdrawn gradually so that the new behaviors can be transferred and maintained.Task 31. Use a synonym of a word or phrase1) They can intrude deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby cause a cancer.2) If radioactive material is absorbed into the body, however, it is actually the lower energy alpha and beta radiation that becomes the more dangerous.3) I am simply shocked that officials are understating nuclear radiation levels in the United States as a result of the Fukushima disaster!4) Let officials be forgetful, the rest of us saw it approaching.5) On March 11, 2011, a dimension 9.0 earthquake attacked Japan, causing a destructive tsunami that tore through the coastal regions and leveled the villages in its path.2. Change the order of information1) How the spent fuel is dealt with determines the effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants.2) It is difficult to measure the effects of long-term, low-dose radiation.3) One indication of the terrible situation in Japan is that no sensible man wants to visit there again for the next 80 to 100 years.4) Understandably, panic among masses is what the authorities try to avoid.5) Burns or other symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) vary from person to persondepending on the strength of radiation and the level of exposure.3. Change from the active to the passive or vice versa1) Our cancer risk should be eventually increased by 0.002% (one part in 50,000), thus our life expectancy reduced by less than one hour due to the radiation brought by nuclear technology. 2) 180,000 people have been evacuated by the Japanese government from within a 20 kilometer radius of the Fukushima Daiichi complex.3) Farmers in Japan were asked to keep cows and cattle in barns by Government officials as radioactive contamination of milk spread from Fukushima prefecture, north of Tokyo.4) A sheet of paper can often block Alpha and beta particle radiation as it is lower energy.5) A broad range of acute health problems will arise only among the individuals who are exposed to high doses of radiation such as reactor worker.4. Change the positive into the negative and vice versa1) Since our body cells fail to distinguish between natural radiation and radiation from the nuclear industry.2) No number of noticeable deaths from coal burning was larger than in an air pollution incident where there were 3,500 extra deaths in one week.3) Should any increase in radiation due to a nuclear disaster instead of naturally occurring, be of concern?4) The dairy industry will not stop working closely with federal and state government agencies to ensure that we maintain a safe milk supply.5) Almost no one will experience a broad range of acute health problems due to their exposure to high doses of radiation except for the individuals close to the source of radiation such as reactor workers.5. Change personal nouns into impersonal nouns and vice versa1) The attack of sex cells can cause genetic diseases in progeny.2) Unawareness of the danger led parents to serve contaminated milk to their children.3) Our perplexity results from the increases in diseases, obesity and erratic behavior among our malnutritioned populace.4) Then again, officials tend to downplay everything, so that panic doesn’t occur among the masses.5) A person who is exposed to low dose but long-term radiation will develop chronic health condition including cancer.6. Change complex sentences into simple sentences and vice versa1) There is little likelihood, if any, for the failure of each system in this series of back-ups exists.2) We should not be worried at all.3) The increase in cancer risk is too small to determine unless many exposed subjects are studies.4) Any exposure will lead to certain damage and safety problem.5) Despite a lot of news distraction, we still notice the dire current situation.8 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 111 Match the words with their definitions.1 i2 f3 g4 c5 h6 a7 b8 e9 d 10 j2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 breach2 shallow3 implement4 survivor(s)5 hypothetical6 initiate7 potential8 despite9 neutralize 10 contact 11 transport 12 volume 13 penetrate 14 confirm 15 strategy 16 estimate 17 noticeable 18 generation 19 avert 20 medical 21 disperse 22 integrity 23 compensate3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.is associated with nuclear energy（和原子能有联系）depends somewhat on（某种程度上取决于）take care of（来对付）radiation leakage takes place（辐射泄漏发生）arises from long-time exposure of radiation（由于长时间暴露在辐射下）4 Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese.1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中，一般人每秒钟都遭受着自然中15000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X 光检查则带有1000亿个粒子的辐射。
通用学术英语写作_中国政法大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
通用学术英语写作_中国政法大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1. 5.First of all, watching TV has the value of sheer relaxation. Watchingtelevision can be soothing and restful after an eight-hour day of pressure,challenges, or concentration. After working hard all day, people look forward to a new episode of a favorite show or yet another showing of Casablanca or Sleepless in Seattle. 该段的衔接手段主要是_____与______。
参考答案:近义词（话题近义词 TV-television-show-showing; 主题近义词relaxation-soothing-restful）、上下义词(TV--Casablanca or Sleepless in Seattle)2. 2.We hear a lot about the negative effects of television on the viewer.Obviously, television can be harmful if it is watched constantly to theexclusion of other activities. It would be just as harmful to listen to DCs allthe time or to eat constantly. However, when television is watched inmoderation, it is extremely valuable, as it provides relaxation, entertainment, and education. 该段两大内容是________与_________。
学术英语(管理)含课后答案Unit
The Importance of Academic English
学术英语对于学生的学术发展至关重要。在全球化的时代，许多学科领域的最新 研究成果和进展都以英语发表，因此学生需要掌握足够的英语学术能力才能跟上 学术前沿。
03
The Application of Academic English in
Management
The necessity of academic English in management
Globalization
As the world becomes more interconnected, the need for English as a common language for business communication has increased. Academic English provides the necessary vocabulary and language skills required for effective communication in management.
Managing across different cultures can be challenging, as cultural norms and business practices vary. Academic English should be used with caution and sensitivity to cultural differences, ensuring that communication is culturally appropriate.
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通用学术英语system课后答案
1、He _______ walks to school, because he lives near school. [单选题] *
A. sometimes(正确答案)
B. never
C. doesn’t
D. don’t
2、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *
A. lent
B. borrowed(正确答案)
C. kept
D. returned
3、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *
A. collect
B. collected
C. collecting(正确答案)
D. to collect
4、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *
A．go out(正确答案)
B．to go out
C．going out
D．goes out
5、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *
A. look after
B. take off(正确答案)
C. take on
D. put on
6、We were caught in a traffic jam. By the time we arrived at the airport the plane _____. [单选题] *
A. will take off
B. would take off
C. has taken off
D. had taken off(正确答案)
7、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *
A. did
B. have done
C. were doing(正确答案)
D. do
8、Having stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he got an American（）[单选题] *
A. speech
B. accent(正确答案)
C. voice
D. sound
9、Something must be wrong with the girl’s _______. She can’t hear clearly. [单选题] *
A. ears(正确答案)
B. nose
C. arms
D. eyes
10、We _____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. [单选题] *
A.had
B. have
C. have had(正确答案)
D.had had
11、This message is _______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *
A. surprising; surprising
B. surprised; surprised
C. surprising; surprised(正确答案)
D. surprised; surprising
12、The book is very _______. I’ve read it twice. [单选题] *
A. interest
B. interested
C. interesting(正确答案)
D. interests
13、We _______ swim every day in summer when we were young. [单选题] *
A. use to
B. are used to
C. were used to
D. used to(正确答案)
14、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *
Attention (正确答案)
B. watch
C. care
D. notice
15、Reading（）the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *
A. behind
B. between(正确答案)
C. along
D. among
16、The boy lost his（）and fell down on the ground when he was running after his brother. [单选题] *
A. balance(正确答案)
B. chance
C. place
D. memory
17、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *
A. she
B. her
C. hers
D. herself(正确答案)
18、--Henry treats his secretary badly.--Yes. He seems to think that she is the _______ important person in the office. [单选题] *
A. little
B. least(正确答案)
C. less
D. most
19、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *
A. left
B. saw
C. joined(正确答案)
D. heard
20、_______ hard, _______ you’ll fail in the exam. [单选题] *
A. Studying; for
B. Study; or(正确答案)
C. To study; and
D. Study; and
21、27．Will it ______ warm in the room? [单选题] *
A．are
B．be(正确答案)
C．is
D．going to be
22、88．Sorry. I don’t know the way? ? ? ? ? ?Dongfeng Cinema. [单选题] * A．by
B．of
C．to(正确答案)
D．for
23、He held his（）when the results were read out. [单选题] *
A. breath(正确答案)
B. voice
C. sound
D. thought
24、His picture is on show in London this month. [单选题] *
A. 给...看
B. 展出(正确答案)
C. 出示
D. 上演
25、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *
A. What
B. Which
C. Where(正确答案)
D. How
26、96．Let's cross the street from school. There is a park ______ the school. [单选题] * A．far from
B．next to
C．at
D．opposite(正确答案)
27、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *
A．goes to see a film
B．go to the film
C．see a film(正确答案)
D．goes to the film
28、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *
A. worry about(正确答案)
B. write down
C. put away
D. wake up
29、Location is the first thing customers consider when_____to buy a house. [单选题] *
A.planning(正确答案)
B.planned
C.having planned
D.to plan
30、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *
A. book shop
B. restaurant
C. concert
D. cinema(正确答案)。