达尔文和他的进化论英文
达尔文(Charles_Darwin)英文简介
Darwin's work had a tremendous impact on religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religious convictions. Darwin avoided talking about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, but other writers used his theories to support their own theories about society. Darwin was a reserved, thorough, hard working scholar who concerned himself with the feelings and emotions not only of his family, but friends and peers as well. It has been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death, temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin at his deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation. Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and subsequently spread. Lady Hope's story was refuted by Darwin's daughter Henrietta who stated, “I was present at his deathbed ... He never recanted any of his scientific views, either then or earlier.”
达尔文(Charles_Darwin)英文简介
Darwin's work had a tremendous impact on religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religious convictions. Darwin avoided talking about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, but other writers used his theories to support their own theories about society. Darwin was a reserved, hard working scholar who concerned himself with the feelings and emotions not only of his family, but friends and peers as well.
Darwin was the British naturalist who became famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection. Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved (developed gradually) over millions of years from a few common ancestors.
It has been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death, temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin at his deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation. Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and subsequently spread. Lady Hope's story was refuted by Darwin's daughter Henrietta who stated, “I was present at his deathbed ... He never recanted any of his scientific views, either then or earlier.”
The Evolution Wars 达尔文进化论之战
美英报刊文章阅读
（精选本）（第五版）
UNIT TWO
LESSON SIX
PART ONE
WARMING UP
Firstly, let's appreciate a video.
I:\Creationism Bites - In The Beginning . . ._标 清.kux
PART TWO
part four (Para11-14): The biologists answer that there are no holes in Darwin.
part five (Para15-17): One wonders what shall be taught in schools.
达尔文进化论 英文
OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
• FOSSILS • ANATOMY – HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES – ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES – VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE – EMBRYOS • BIOCHEMISTRY – WHAT 2 MOLECULES?
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
• • • • • CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION
/evolibrary/home.php
/evolibrary/home.php
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
• • • • • CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION
OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
• FOSSILS • ANATOMY – HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES – ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
/evolibrary/home.php
OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection.
—Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"
达尔文猿猴进化论英语阅读
达尔文猿猴进化论英语阅读Charles Darwin's whole life was changed by one lucky chance. In 1831, before he went on the voyage1 of the Beagle2, he was a very ordinary young man of twenty-two.No one in England—certainly not Darwin himself —had any idea of the future he had before him.His sister Caroline gave him his first lessons. He was both lazy and naughty, and everyone was glad that he went away to school after his mother's death when he was eight.Charles soon became a keen collector.He collected anything that caught his interest: insects3, seashells, coins and interesting stones. He said later that his collection prepared him for his work as a naturalist4.He was not a very clever boy, but Charles was good at doing the things that interested him. He also took pleasure in carrying out experiments.But he could not learn Latin and Greek which in those days were an important part of education. He was a disappointment to his father, who was sure that he would bring nothing but shame to himself and his family.In 1825, when Charles was sixteen, his fathersent him to Edinburgh to study medicine, saying ：“As you like natural history5 so much, perhaps we can make a doctor of you.”But Charles found the lectures boring, and the dissections6 frightening.But at Edinburgh he was able to go to natural history lectures. In 1826 he read a paper on sea-worms to the Natural History Society. This paper was his first known work on this subject.Then his father decided to send Charles to Cambridge University to study to become a priest.With hard work, he did quite well. And, in the countryside around Cambridge, he was able to shoot, fish and collect insects.He seemed likely to become a country priest like hundreds of others, sharing his time between his work and his interest in natural history and country life. He had a deep faith in God and a lasting interest in religion7.At this time he did not doubt that every word of the Bible was true.Then a letter from Captain Robert FitzRoy changed his life. FitzRoy was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship called the Beagle. He wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and Darwinwas recommended8.That voyage was the start of Charles Darwin's great life work.In those days a great many people believed that every word written in the Bible was true. Darwin hoped that the plants and animals that they found in the course of their voyage would prove the truth of the Bible story of the great Flood9.He began to observe everything. When they got to Rio de Janeiro in South America, Charles was overcome with joy to see so many different creatures, so much life and colour.His notebooks were full of detailed observations.Then they reached dry land at Punta Alta. There Darwin discovered his first fossils10. Why, he wondered, were there horse bones at Punta Alta, when there had been no horses in the New World until Cortez brought his from Spain11?They came to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America. It was a strange place, with terrible storms. Its people grew no food, and they slept on the wet ground. Darwin observed their looks and habits.“How can people be so different, if all are descended12 from Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden?” Charles wondered.A tripinto the mountains showed Darwin seashells at a height of 12,000 feet. Lower down were fossil trees.“So those trees once stood by the sea,” thought Darwin. “The sea came up and covered them. Then the sea-bed rose up...”.To a man who had been taught that every word in the Bible was true, this was very puzzling.In Chile, where Darwin saw earthquakes and volcanoes, he began to see what must have happened. The centre of the earth, he decided, was very hot. The surface of the earth was thinner in some places. It was in these places that earthquakes and volcanoes developed.As the Beagle sailed around the world, Darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. He saw volcanic islands in the sea, and wondered how living things had got there.But people who believed every word of the Bible thought that God had made all creatures and Man.But, if that was true, why did some of the fossils look like “mistakes” which had failed to change and, for that reason, died out?On went Beagle, to Tahiti13, New Zealand and Australia. There, Darwin saw coral and coral islands for the first time. How had theseislands come about14? Soon, he had the answer. Coral was made up of the bodies of millions of tiny creatures, piled up over millions of years —a million years for each island.Darwin wrote it all down in his notebooks.After five years he was home. He was never again the healthy young man who climbed mountains and carried heavy bags of fossils for miles.He set to work, getting his collection in order. And, in 1839, he married his cousin15, Emma Wedgwood. It was a happy marriage with ten children.He could be found working in his study, with a child beside him.His first great work The Zoology of the Beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origins16 of life. He was certainly very worried about disagreeing with the accepted views of the Church.Happily, the naturalists at Cambridge persuaded Darwin that he must make his ideas public. So Darwin and Wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as Darwin, produced a paper together.A year later Darwin's great book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection appeared. It attracted a storm.People thought that Darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys.What a shameful idea! Although most scientists agreed that Darwin was right and that the story of Adam and Eve was merely a story, the Church was still so strong that Darwin never received any honours for his work.Many years later, he published his other great work, The Descent of Man. He gave a lecture at the Royal Institution17, when the whole audience stood up and clapped18.His health grew worse, but still he worked. “When I have to give up observation, I shall die,” he said. He was still working on 17, April, 1882. He was dead two days later.。
达尔文与进化论 英文
• Nach dem frühen Tod seiner Mutter 1817 wurde er von seinen beiden Schwestern aufgezogen.
11
Darwins Ausbildung in Edinburgh
• 1825 ging er auf Wunsch seines Vaters auf die Universität von Edinburgh, um dort Medizin zu studieren. • 1827 brach er das Studium ab.
– Heute 67.000 Einwohner
(Stand 2001)
© wikipedia
10
© wikipedia
Darwins Familie
• Er war das fünfte Kind einer wohlhabenden Landarztfamilie. • Sein väterlicher Großvater Erasmus Darwin war ein bekannter Naturwissenschaftler und sein Vorbild.
• In ihrem Erbgut
– Alle Lebewesen besitzen das gleiche genetische Material (DNS). – Der genetische Code ist universal. – Die Träger der Erbinformationen sind aus den gleichen vier Bausteinen zusammengesetzt. – Alle Organismen haben dieselben 20 Aminosäuren als Bausteine der Körpereiweiße.
介绍达尔文英语作文有翻译
介绍达尔文英语作文有翻译Darwin's Theory of Evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, revolutionized our understanding of the natural world and our place in it. This theory, which forms the foundation of modern biology, suggests that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inheritedvariations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.At the core of Darwin's theory is the concept of natural selection. This process occurs when organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring. Over time, this leads to the accumulation of advantageous traits within a population, ultimately resulting in the adaptation of organisms to their environment.One of the key pieces of evidence supporting Darwin's theory is the fossil record. Fossils provide a glimpse intothe history of life on Earth, showing how organisms have changed over millions of years. For example, the fossil record clearly demonstrates the evolution of whales from land-dwelling ancestors to the marine mammals we see today.Another line of evidence comes from comparative anatomy. By comparing the anatomical structures of different species, scientists can uncover similarities that suggest a common ancestry. For instance, the similarity in the skeletal structures of humans, bats, and whales indicates that they share a common ancestor, despite their vastly different lifestyles.Furthermore, molecular biology has provided compelling evidence for evolution. DNA analysis allows scientists to compare the genetic code of different organisms, revealing similarities that reflect their evolutionary relationships. This molecular evidence not only supports the idea of common ancestry but also helps scientists trace the evolutionary history of specific traits.While Darwin's theory has faced criticism andrefinement over the years, it remains the cornerstone of modern biology. Its implications extend far beyond the realm of science, influencing our understanding of ourselves and our place in the natural world. By recognizing the interconnectedness of all living things and the processes that have shaped life on Earth, we gain a deeper appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the natural world.达尔文的进化论由19世纪的查尔斯·达尔文提出，彻底改变了我们对自然界及其地位的理解。
达尔文与进化论【英文】
Personal Information
He was born on February 12th, 1809, in England He studied Medicine at the University of Edinburgh (1825) He then went to Cambridge University to study Theology in 1827 He wrote the book “The Origin of Species” in 1859 He died in 1882
The species will have changed, or evolved
2. CompetitionOrganisms (plants and animals) fight for food
3. OffspringOrganisms have more babies than can survive
Differences make it easier for that individual to survive long enough to produce more offspring For example, some may have different coloured fur or skin so that they are less visible
If these individuals mate with each other, they will pass on the advantage to their offspring Gradually more and more of that species will have the different coloured fur
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The theory of evolution
Darwin’s theory of evolution
❖ Brief introduction ❖ Three features of evolution ❖ Influence
Darwin’s theory of evolution is also called Darwinism. It is about the idea that all plants and animals develop gradually from simpler to more complicated forms by natural selection, which is the process by which only plants and animals that are naturally suitable for life in their environment will continue to live, while all others will die.
Three feathers
❖ The Premise ——all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor
❖ Natural selection—— acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations(变异）.
1882: died and buried in Westminster Abbey ,close to Newton , he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honoured by a state funeral(国葬)
❖ The theory found an opposing force in some religious creeds that declared it incompatible with their basic tenets（原则）. For a time， evolution sometimes falsely interpreted as meaning human descent from monkeys rather than descent from an ancient and extinct ancestor, became a target for attack by both church and educational authorities. The conflit continued even as late as the time of the Scopes trial. Nevertheless, the theory of evolution became firmly entrenched as a scientific principle, and in most creeds it has been reconciled with religious teachings.
Darwin and his revolution theory
❖
Two parts
❖ A brief-introduction of Darwin ❖ The theory of evolution
Darwin ,1809-1882. British naturalist and evolutionary biologists, , The founder of Darwinism. Father of modern biology
1831～1836: the voyage lasted almost five years
The route of the voyage which lasted almost five years
the turtle and birds that Darwin saw In his vert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury , Shropshire , England
1825～1827:as an apprentice doctor in the University of Edinburgh Medical School
1828～1831: Christ's College, Cambridge 1831～1836: the voyage lasted almost five years
1855: begin to write something about the evolution
1859: He published his book On the Origin of Species
❖ A slow gradual process —— natural selection acts only by taking advantage of slight successive variations; It can never take a great and sudden leap, but must advance by short and sure, though slow steps."
❖ The influence of this evolutionary theory upon scientific thought and experimentation cannot be overestimated（过高评价）. In the years following the promulgation of Darwin's theory of evolution, many accepted and many denied its validity.