【全国百强校首发】黑龙江省大庆实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试生物试题(图片版)
黑龙江省大庆实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试数学试题(解析版)
2018-2019学年黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一（上）期末数学试卷一、选择题（本大题共12小题，共60.0分）1. 已知集合，，则A. B.C. 2，3，4，D. 2，3，【答案】C【解析】解：集合，2，3，4，5，6，，2，3，4，．故选：C．先分别求出集合A，B，由此能求出．本题考查交集的求法，考查交集定义、不等式性质等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，是基础题．2. 已知函数是定义在R上的偶函数，当时，，则A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】解：函数是定义在R上的偶函数，且时，；．故选：D．根据是偶函数，即可得出，而由时，即可求出的值．考查偶函数的定义，对数的定义，以及已知函数求值的方法．3. 已知，，则A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】解：已知，，则故选：C．直接利用三角函数的定义的应用求出结果．本题考查的知识要点：三角函数的定义的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于基础题型．4. 已知向量和的夹角为，，，则A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】解：，故选：D．首先把原式展开，再利用数量积求值．此题考查了数量积计算问题，属容易题．5. 设函数，若，则A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】解：根据题意，函数，若，即，变形可得：，故选：A．根据题意，由函数的解析式可得，变形可得答案．本题考查函数解析式，涉及不等式的性质，属于基础题．6. 函数的零点所在的区间为A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】解：函数，在时，是连续增函数，，，，函数函数零点所在大致区间是．故选：B．由已知条件分别求出，，由此利用零点存在性定理能求出结果．本题考查函数的零点所在大致区间的判断，是基础题，解题时要认真审题，注意函数性质和零点存在性定理的合理运用．7. 若函数，，则函数的图象经过怎样的变换可以得到函数的图象先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，纵坐标保持不变．先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的2倍，纵坐标保持不变．将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变．将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变．A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】解：函数先向左平移个单位，得到的图象，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，纵坐标保持不变，得到：的图象，故：正确．由于先向左平移个单位，得到的图象，再将横坐标缩短到原来的2倍，纵坐标保持不变．出现了错误．故：错误．函数将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，得到：的图象，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变，得到：的图象故：正确．将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变，后半部分出现错误．故：错误．故选：A．直接利用三角函数的图象的平移变换和伸缩变换的应用求出结果，主要考察先平移后伸缩或先伸缩后平移的应用．本题考查的知识要点：三角函数图象的平移变换和伸缩变换的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于基础题型．8. 已知函数，则函数的最小正周期为A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】解：函数，则函数的最小正周期为，故选：C．先化简函数的解析式，再结合三角函数的周期性，正弦函数的图象，得出结论．本题主要考查三角函数的周期性，正弦函数的图象，属于基础题．9. 已知函数且，若，则函数的单调递减区间是A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】解：函数且，，可得，函数且，关于对称当时，函数是增函数，则函数的单调递减区间是：．故选：D．求出a的范围，然后利用复合函数的单调性求解单调区间即可．本题考查复合函数的应用，函数的单调性的求法，考查转化思想以及计算能力．10. 已知函数的图象中相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为，当时，函数取到最大值，则A. 函数的最小正周期为B. 函数的图象关于对称C. 函数的图象关于对称D. 函数在上单调递减【答案】D【解析】解：函数的图象中相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为，可得，可得，，则A错；当时，函数取到最大值，可得，即，，由，可得，．则，由，为最小值，则B，C均错；由，可得，，即有在在上单调递减，则D正确．故选：D．由相邻对称轴的距离可求得周期，可判断A；由条件求得的解析式，计算，，可判断B，C；由正弦函数的减区间，解不等式可判断D．本题考查三角函数的图象和性质，主要是周期性、单调性和对称性的判断，考查化简运算能力，属于中档题．11. 在三角形中，若点P满足，，则与的面积之比为A. 1：3B. 5：12C. 3：4D. 9：16【答案】B【解析】解：点P满足，由，则点P，B，C三点共线，且点P为BC的三等分点，靠近点C，由，则点Q，B，C三点共线，且点Q为BC的四等分点，靠近点B，又三角形：三角形：：12，所以与的面积之比为：5：12故选：B．由点P满足，，及三点共线的充要条件可得：点P，B，C三点共线，且点P为BC的三等分点，靠近点C，点Q为BC的四等分点，靠近点B，由等高的三角形面积之比等于底边之比可得解．本题考查了平面向量基本定理及三点共线的充要条件、三角形面积公式，属中档题12. 已知函数，若关于x的不等式恰有一个整数解，则实数a的最小值是A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】解：函数的图象如图所示，当时，化为，当时，，由于关于x的不等式恰有1个整数解，因此其整数解为4，又，，，则，不必考虑．当时，对于，，解得，只考虑，则，由于时，不等式的解集中含有多于一个整数解例如，0，，舍去．可得：实数a的最小值是．故选：A．画出函数的图象，对b，a分类讨论，利用一元二次不等式解法可得解集，再利用数形结合即可得出．本题考查了一元二次不等式的解法、二次函数的图象，考查了分类讨论方法、数形结合方法与计算能力，属于中档题．二、填空题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）13. 已知向量不共线，，，若，则______【答案】【解析】解：，且不共线；存在，使；即；；解得．故答案为：．不共线，从而得出，从而由可得出，存在实数，使得，即得出，根据平面向量基本定理即可得出，解出即可．考查共线向量基本定理，以及平面向量基本定理．14. 且，a的取值范围为______．【答案】，或【解析】解：，当时，，故不等式成立．当时，不等式即，，综上，a的取值范围为，或，故答案为：，或．当时，，故不等式成立，当时，不等式即，依据单调性解a的取值范围．本题考查函数的单调性和特殊点，体现了分类讨论的数学思想．15. 已知函数在区间上恰有8个最大值，则的取值范围是______【答案】【解析】解：函数在区间上恰有8个最大值，令，可得，当，1，时，x的值可使函数取得最大值，在区间上恰有8个最大值，时，，当时，，解不等式可得，，故答案为：先令，可求x，然后结合函数在区间上恰有8个最大值，可知时，，时，，代入解不等式即可求解．本题主要考查了正弦函数的图象的性质的简单应用，解题的关键是取得当和时满足的条件．16. 已知定义在R上的函数，满足不等式，则x的取值范围是______【答案】【解析】解：根据题意，函数，设，则有，且，则为奇函数，且在R上为增函数，，即，则有，则有，解可得，即不等式的解集为；故答案为：．根据题意，设，分析可得为奇函数，且在R上为增函数，据此原不等式可以转化为，则有，解可得x的取值范围，即可得答案．本题考查函数的奇偶性与单调性的综合应用，注意构造新函数，属于难题．三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70.0分）17. 已知函数，，若函数的定义域为集合A，则当时，求函数的值域．【答案】解：解得，，或；，或；；又；，；；的值域为．【解析】可求出的定义域，或，而配方得出，并且，可求出，，从而求出，即得出的值域．考查函数定义域、值域的概念及求法，对数的真数大于0，一元二次不等式的解法，以及配方求二次函数值域的方法．18. 如图，在中，，，且与的夹角为，．求的值；若，，求x，y的值．【答案】解：由已知得，，，，，．【解析】利用向量加减法法则把所求向量转化为，两步都不难求解．此题考查了平面向量基本定理，向量加减法法则，难度适中．19. 已知．化简；若，求的值．【答案】解：，，；由得到：，故：，，，．【解析】直接利用三角函数诱导公式的恒等变换进行化简求出结果．利用的结论，进一步利用三角函数的关系式的变换求出函数的值．本题考查的知识要点：三角函数关系式的恒等变变换，同角三角函数关系式的应用，主要考查学生的运算能力和转化能力，属于基础题型．20. 已知函数的定义域是，．求函数的定义域；若函数，求函数的最小值．【答案】解：函数的定义域是，即的定义域是，所以的定义域为：；，令，，，即，所以，当时取到函数的最小值为：．【解析】通过函数的定义域，转化求解即可．化简函数的解析式，利用换元法以及函数的单调性，转化求解函数的最值即可．本题考查函数的最值的求法，函数的定义域，以及函数的单调性的应用，考查计算能力．21. 已知函数，函数的最小正周期为，是函数的一条对称轴．求函数的对称中心和单调区间；若，求函数在的最大值和最小值，并写出对应的x的值．【答案】解：由可得，，是函数的一条对称轴，，，所以，令可得，，对称中心是，，令，可得，令可得，，单调递增区间是，，单调递减区间是，，由可得，，当时，，当时，．【解析】由可求，然后根据函数在对称轴处取得最值可求，结合正弦函数的性质即可求解对称中心及单调区间；由求出，结合正弦函数的图象及性质即可求解最值．本题主要考查了正弦函数的性质的综合应用，解题关键是熟练掌握基本公式并能灵活应用．22. 已知函数且．判断函数的奇偶性并证明；若函数在区间上单调递减，且值域为，求实数a的取值范围．【答案】解：根据题意，，在其定义域上为奇函数；对于，有，解可得：或，即函数的定义域为或，关于原点对称，则，则函数为奇函数；根据题意，函数，设，则；在区间上，为增函数，若函数在区间上单调递减，必有在上为减函数，则有；若函数在区间上单调递减，且值域为，则有，，即，则m、n为方程，且，设，则有，解可得．【解析】根据题意，求出函数的定义域，结合函数的解析式可得，由函数奇偶性的定义分析可得答案；根据题意，设，则；由复合函数的单调性判定方法可得，结合函数的单调性可得，，即，据此可得m、n为方程，且，设，结合二次函数的性质分析可得答案．本题考查复合函数的单调性的判定与应用，涉及函数奇偶性的判定和一元二次方程的性质，属于综合题．。
【全国百强校】黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试语文试题
绝密★启用前【全国百强校】黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试语文试题试卷副标题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题)请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、选择题1．下面各句中加点成语的使用，正确的一项是（ ）A ．台风“天秤”在2017年12月22日凌晨，以石破天惊．．．．之势在菲律宾南部登陆，使当地防灾救灾体系受到了沉重打击。
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D ．某中介回复王先生：您的房屋已有买家表示购买意愿，我们一定尽快玉成此事。
黑龙江省大庆实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试数学试题(解析版)
大庆实验中学2018-2019学年度上学期期末高一数学试题一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分）1.已知集合，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】分别解集合A、B中的不等式，再求两个集合的交集【详解】集合，集合，所以，选择C【点睛】进行集合的交、并、补运算前，要搞清楚每个集合里面的元素种类，以及具体的元素，再进行运算2.已知函数是定义在上的偶函数，当时，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由函数是定义在上的偶函数，借助奇偶性，将问题转化到已知区间上，再求函数值【详解】因为是定义在上的偶函数，且当时，，所以，选择D【点睛】已知函数的奇偶性问题，常根据函数的奇偶性，将问题进行转化，转化到条件给出的范围再进行求解3.已知，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】由，，以及已知角的范围，求出【详解】由题，，且，解得，又因为，所以，，选择C【点睛】计算三角函数值时要注意根据角的范围判断三角函数值的符号4.已知向量和的夹角为，且，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据数量积的运算律直接展开，将向量的夹角与模代入数据，得到结果．【详解】＝8+3－18＝8+3×2×3×－18＝－1，故选D.【点睛】本题考查数量积的运算，属于基础题．5.设函数，若，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】由的函数性质，及对四个选项进行判断【详解】因为，所以函数为偶函数，且在区间上单调递增，在区间上单调递减，又因为，所以，即，故选择A【点睛】本题考查幂函数的单调性和奇偶性，要求熟记几种类型的幂函数性质6.函数的零点所在的区间为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据零点的存在性定理，依次判断四个选项的区间中是否存在零点【详解】，，，由零点的存在性定理，函数在区间内有零点，选择B 【点睛】用零点的存在性定理只能判断函数有零点，若要判断有几个零点需结合函数的单调性判断7.若函数，，则函数的图像经过怎样的变换可以得到函数的图像①先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，纵坐标保持不变.②先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，纵坐标保持不变.③将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变.④将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，纵坐标保持不变.A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ②④【答案】A【解析】【分析】依次判断四种变换方式的结果是否符合题意，选出正确变换【详解】函数，先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，函数变为，所以①合题意；先向左平移个单位，再将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，函数变为，所以②不合题意；将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，函数变为，所以③合题意；将横坐标缩短到原来的倍，再向左平移个单位，函数变为，所以④不合题意，故选择A【点睛】在进行伸缩变换时，横坐标变为原来的倍；向左或向右进行平移变换注意平移单位要加或减在“”上8.已知函数，则函数的最小正周期为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】去绝对值符号，写出函数的解析式，再判断函数的周期性【详解】，其中，所以函数的最小正周期，选择C【点睛】本题考查三角函数最小正周期的判断方法，需要对三角函数的解析式整理后，根据函数性质求得9.已知函数，若，则函数的单调递减区间是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由判断的取值范围，再由复合函数单调性的原则求得函数的单调递减区间【详解】，所以，则为单调增函数，又因为在上单调递减，在上单调递增，所以的单调减区间为，选择D【点睛】复合函数的单调性判断遵循“同增异减”的原则，所以需先判断构成复合函数的两个函数的单调性，再判断原函数的单调性10.已知函数的图像中相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为，当时，函数取到最大值，则（）A. 函数的最小正周期为B. 函数的图像关于对称C. 函数的图像关于对称D. 函数在上单调递减【答案】D【解析】【分析】由相邻对称轴之间的距离，得函数的最小正周期，求得，再根据当时，函数取到最大值求得，对函数的性质进行判断，可选出正确选项【详解】因为函数的图像中相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为，所以，函数的最小正周期，所以，又因为当时，函数取到最大值，所以，，因为，所以，，函数最小正周期，A错误；函数图像的对称轴方程为，，B错误；函数图像的对称中心为，，C错误；所以选择D【点睛】由的图像求函数的解析式时，由函数的最大值和最小值求得，由函数的周期求得，代值进函数解析式可求得的值11.在三角形中，若点满足，则与的面积之比为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】由题目条件所给的向量等式，结合向量的线性运算推断P、Q两点所在位置，比较两个三角形的面积关系【详解】因为，所以，即，得点P为线段BC上靠近C点的三等分点，又因为，所以，即，得点Q为线段BC上靠近B点的四等分点，所以，所以与的面积之比为，选择B【点睛】平面向量的线性运算要注意判断向量是同起点还是收尾相连的关系再使用三角形法则和平行四边形法则进行加减运算，借助向量的数乘运算可以判断向量共线，及向量模长的关系12.已知函数，若关于的不等式恰有一个整数解，则实数的最小值是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】将看作整体，先求的取值范围，再根据不等式恰有一个整点和函数的图像，推断参数，的取值范围【详解】做出函数的图像如图实线部分所示，由，得，若，则满足不等式，不等式至少有两个整数解，不满足题意，故，所以，且整数解只能是4，当时，，所以，选择A【点睛】本题考查了分段函数的性质，一元二次不等式的解法，及整体代换思想，数形结合思想的应用，需要根据题设条件，将数学语言转化为图形表达，再转化为参数的取值范围二．填空题（本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）13.已知向量不共线，，若，则【答案】【解析】【分析】由，将表示为的数乘，求出参数【详解】因为向量不共线，，且，所以，即，解得【点睛】向量与共线，当且仅当有唯一一个实数，使得14.若，则的取值范围是【答案】【解析】【详解】试题分析：因为，所以，因为0<a<0，所以。
黑龙江大庆实验中学18-19学度度高一上年末考试-语文
黑龙江大庆实验中学18-19学度度高一上年末考试-语文2017—2018学年度上学期期末考试高一语文试题说明：本试卷分第一卷〔阅读题〕和第二卷〔表达题〕两部分，考生作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。
第一卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读〔每题3分，共9分〕阅读下面文字，完成1—3题。
水泊梁山所建立的是一个义的王国。
不管是忠义堂依旧聚义厅，基本上以义为最高原那么的。
在江湖上，被无条件认同的这种义的原那么是与官方所奉行的权利和财产的等级制相抗衡的。
“替天行道”大旗下所建立的，确实是这种义的理想国。
在这种理想王国中，人人在精神上都像兄弟一样平等，但也不是没有等级，只是不是以财产和政治权力来划分的，而是以义。
在两类义士〔仗义疏财的和拔刀相助的〕中尤以仗义疏财者占有最高的社会等级。
因此，毫无武功的宋江占了第一把交椅，关于梁山事业毫无贡献的卢俊义占了第二把交椅。
这不仅是一种军事等级，更是一种道德荣誉。
在梁山泊，道德约束力远远要超过军事的约束力。
而那个理想国走向毁灭，不是由于外部的压力，而是源于那个平等原那么的内在的矛盾。
因为在那个义的王国中，享有最高权威的是最主动地仗义疏财的义士。
而如此的义士必定是最大的财主。
而财主的出现恰恰又是经济上、财产上的不平等造成的。
如此的思想矛盾就决定了在组织上占据领导地位的绝对不可能是解宝、解珍、阮氏兄弟那样的脱离了土地的农民〔猎户、渔民〕，而是宋江、卢俊义那样的地主阶级的在野派。
农民起义从来就不是一个阶级所能胜任的，起义者向来基本上农民、小生产者和地主阶级的在野派组成的统一战线。
这种起义从某种意义上讲，不但在思想上没有自己的意识形态，而且在组织上具有妥协、投降的内在因素。
稍有西方文论修养的读者都不难从恩格斯对拉萨尔的《弗兰茨·冯·济金根》〔写农民起义失败的剧本〕的评论中得到解释，恩格斯在那封闻名的信中说济金根悲剧的根源是“历史的必定要求和那个要求的实际上不可能实现之间的悲剧性的冲突”。
2018-2019学年黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一上学期期末考试化学试题 Word版含答案
2018-2019学年黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一上学期期末考试化学试题Word版含答案可能用到的相对原子质量： H：1 C：12 N：14 O：16 Na：23 Mg：24 Al：27 S：32 Cl：35.5 Fe：56 Ba：137说明：本试卷共分I卷和II卷，满分100分，时间90分钟。
请将答案写在答题卡对应位置。
I卷（共44分）一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题有一个选项符合题意，每小题2分，共20分）1．化学与人类生产、生活、社会可持续发展密切相关。
下列说法正确的是（）A．用于人民币票面文字等处的油墨中含有的Fe3O4是一种磁性物质，俗称铁红B．明矾常用于水的净化和消毒杀菌C．用活性炭为糖浆脱色和用次氯酸漂白纸浆的原理相同D．胶粒不能透过半透膜，血液透析利用半透膜将有害物质移出体外2．化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，化学实验在化学学习中具有极其重要的作用。
下列实验中所选用的仪器合理的是（）A．用50 mL量筒量取5.25 mL稀硫酸B．用瓷坩埚（含有二氧化硅）灼烧碳酸钠晶体C．用托盘天平称量11.70g氯化钠晶体D．配制240 mL 0.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液用250 mL容量瓶3．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是（）A． 0.1 mol O2完全反应时，转移的电子数一定为0.4 N AB．在标准状况下，1 mol SO3体积约为小于22.4 LC．含1 mol FeCl3的饱和溶液最多可形成胶体粒子数为N AD．常温常压下，33.6L氯气与27g铝充分反应，转移的电子数为3N A4．青铜是我国使用最早的合金。
下列关于青铜性质的说法，不正确的是（）A．熔点比纯铜低 B．能够导电 C．能够导热 D．硬度比纯铜小5．下列变化中，需加入氧化剂才能实现的是( )A.Al(OH)3→Al2O3B.FeCl3→FeCl2C.CuO→CuD.Cl－→Cl26．下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是( )A．醋酸溶解水垢中的CaCO3：CaCO3＋2H＋= Ca2＋＋H2O＋CO2↑B．NaAlO2溶液中通入过量CO2： AlO2－+CO2+2H2O = Al(OH)3↓+HCO3－C．用热的NaOH溶液溶解S：3S＋4OH－ 2S2－＋SO2↑＋2H2OD．稀硫酸与氢氧化钡溶液反应：H+ + OH－＋SO42－+ Ba2＋= BaSO4↓ + H2O7．下列各项操作中不发生先沉淀后溶解现象的是( )①向饱和碳酸钠溶液中通入过量的CO2②向Fe(OH)3胶体中逐滴加入过量H2SO4③向Ba(NO3)2溶液中通入过量SO3④向石灰水中通入过量CO2⑤向硅酸钠溶液中逐滴加入过量的盐酸A．①②③ B．①②⑤ C．①②③⑤ D．①③⑤8．有0.2 mol·L－1K2SO4溶液300mL、0.2 mol·L－1Al2(SO4)3溶液100mL和0.2 mol·L－1MgSO4溶液200mL，这三种溶液中SO42-物质的量浓度之比是（）A． 6:4:3 B． 1:1:1 C．1: 3: 1 D．3:2:39．把2.3g的CO与H2组成的混合气体与足量的O2充分燃烧后，立即通入足量的Na2O2固体中，固体的质量增加（）A．7.2g B．3.6g C．2.3g D．无法确定10．ClO2是一种消毒杀菌效率高、二次污染小的水处理剂。
黑龙江省大庆实验中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试语文试题
大庆实验中学2018—2019学年度上学期高一期末语文试卷说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分，考生作答时，将答案写在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
以“工匠精神”锻造文学语言文学界存在一种误解，认为文学创作就是虚构故事，把故事编得好看就行，似乎越来越少有人提及文学语言；兼之网络化、娱乐化用语的大量运用，使得文学语言渐有粗鄙化、简单化和平庸化之嫌。
对叙事文学而言，构思故事当然是必需的，但故事是通过语言传达出来的，语言才是文学的全部肌体，是文学的活的灵魂。
文学之美首先体现为语言之美。
一个成熟的作家，首先应该是一个语言使用的方家。
作家贾平凹每天练笔，三五个句子，随想随写。
其实文学语言就是这么积淀来的。
语言积淀的另一个重要途径是阅读文学经典。
对于有志于文学的人来说，读文学经典，关键在品出语言的味道、语言的魅力、语言的美感。
古往今来的经典文学作品，往往一开头就能见出作家语言的功力和语言风格的取向。
譬如鲁迅的《故乡》，开头一段写景，即用了大量具有拟人化特征的词组：深冬、阴晦、冷风、呜呜作响、篷隙、苍黄、荒村、活气、悲凉。
这寂静的荒村，马上就活起来了。
鲁迅的语言体系，是对绍兴官话和现代白话的融会与改造，虽已属纯然的现代白话，但这白话，并非一般的俗语和口语，而是经过高度修饰、提炼和改造了的文学语言。
鲁迅对现代白话进行了文学的改造，并形成了自己风格鲜明的语言范式。
与之相异，魔幻现实主义作家马尔克斯长于情景跳跃式和时空交错式的语言。
《百年孤独》的开篇就为我们呈现了这样一种荒诞式的情境：“多年以后，奥雷连诺上校站在行刑队面前，准会想起父亲带他去参观冰块的那个遥远的下午。
”马尔克斯将过去、现在和未来发生的事在一句话中呈现，以这种荒诞叙事为开端，奠定了《百年孤独》的文学基调。
此种突兀的文学语言，在《百年孤独》中比比皆是。
文学大师就像建筑巨匠，一定对语言有一种如琢如磨的“工匠精神”。
黑龙江省大庆实验中学2018_2019学年高一历史上学期期末考试试题
大庆实验中学2018-2019学年度上学期期末考试高一历史试题一、选择题（本大题共35小题，第小题2分，共70分）1．西周初期，受封的诸侯大多面临着艰难的建国过程，他们既要平定当地部族的反抗，又要“移风易俗”，重建社会秩序。
这表明分封制A．促进了诸侯争霸形成B．扩大了王畿的统治区域C．有利于周文化的传播D．增强了中央对地方控制2．西周时，周公死后，只有周公的嫡长子伯禽及其系子孙才有祭祀周公的特权，伯禽的弟弟则要在他的率领下，才能参加祭祀周公的祭典。
这体现的政治制度是A．宗法制 B．分封制C．郡县制D．礼乐制3．宋代一学者论及中国某制度时指出：“举千里之郡面命之守，举百里之县面付之令……片纸可罢，一言可令，而无尾大不掉之患，尺地、一民，财赋、甲兵皆归之于天子。
”他论及的制度A．以周王为其最高长官B．秦统一后在全国范围内推行C．权力由贵族世袭垄断D．是古代政治腐败产生的根源4．钱穆在《中国传统政治》中说：“由中央指定各地域服务中央政府官吏中之性行中正者，采访同乡舆论，开列各地区人才，造成表册，送政府作为录用之根据”。
这一制度是A．世官制B．察举制C．九品中正制D．科举制5．以下有关唐朝三省六部制的表述，正确的是A．文臣出任，受通判监督B．权力分割，削弱君主专制权力C．中书取旨，门下封驳，尚书奉而行之D．置使以总国计……通管盐铁、度支、户部，号曰计省6．下表是唐代进士的出身情况统计表。
据此可知，唐代科举制AC．兼顾多个阶层但不完善D．为选拔士族子弟而设立7．元朝地方行政区划界的主要原则是犬牙交错：将自然、人文和社会环境差异极大的地区拼成一个省级行政区。
此举反映出当政者旨在A．简化行政区划层级B．保证吏治清正廉洁C．防范地方走向割据D．推行民族平等政策8．明中后期，严嵩、张居正等内阁首辅操纵朝政，权倾一时。
这表明中国古代A．皇权渐趋衰弱B．君主专制加强C．“家天下”观念根深蒂固 D．中央集权削弱9．机构简单，有官无吏，办公场所只是几间值班用的平房。
2018-2019学年黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一(上)期末英语试卷
2018-2019学年黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一（上）期末英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分 5 分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．1．(★★★★★)What program is the man watching？A． An advertisement．B． The World Cup．C． An interesting play．2．(★★★★★)What can we know about the man's hobby？A． His hobby is stamp collecting．B． He has no hobby．C． His hobby is photography．3．(★★★★★)Where does the conversation probably take place？A． At school．B． At home．C． At a shop．4．(★★★★★)What are the speakers talking about？A． Teachers' hard work．B． A school performance．C． Long studying hours．5．(★★★★★)系统找不到该试题第二节（满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．6．(★★★★★)（1）What will the man do on Saturday night？A． Pick up his sister．B． Watch a DVD．C． Go to a club．（2）What day is it today？A． Friday．B． Saturday．C． Sunday．7．(★★★★★)（1）What did the woman make to celebrate Billy's holiday？A． A birthday cake．B． Biscuits．C． Some party hats．（2）What does the man remind the woman to do？A． Buy a CD．B． Prepare some party games．C． Put candles on the birthday cake．8．(★★★★★)（1）What is the boy allowed to do while studying？A． Drink water．B． Go to the kitchen．C． Read instant messages．（2）What will the boy turn off？A． Music， the phone and Internet．B． Music and the phone．C． Only music．（3）How is the boy in the end？A． Doubtful．B． Grateful．C． Surprised．9．(★★★★★)（1）What does the woman do？A． A hostess．B． A tourist．C． A musician．（2）Where does Dave play football at the weekend？A． In the street．B． In the clubs．C． In the park．（3）Which is Dave fond of？A． Street festivals．B． Museums．C． Galleries．（4）Why does Dave not go to the good restaurants？A． He is bored of them．B． He can't afford them．C． He is too busy．10．(★★★★★)（1）Where did Roald Dahl start writing？A． In Wales．B． In East Africa．C． In Washington．（2）Why were Roald Dahl's books successful？A． Because someone taught him．B． Because he knew children's interests．C． Because he wrote about his children．（3）What can we know about Roald Dahl's marriage？A． It ended unhappily．B． He had a generous wife．C． He married a pilot．（4）How old was Roald Dahl when he died？A． 27．B． 43．C． 74．第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．11．(★★★)Many of the world's most successful people were once successful failures． Here are the stories of a few of them．Abraham Lincoln （1809-1865）Abraham Lincoln was one of America's greatest leaders， taking the country through the Civil War （from 1860 to 1865）． However， his life was never easy． He started numerous businesses that failed， he went bankrupt twice， and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office． He later said， "My great concern is not whether you have failed， but whether you are content and satisfied with your failure．"Vincent Van Gogh （1853-1890）Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of Western Art． He's famous for paintings such as The Starry Night， The potato Eaters and Sunflowers． However， during his lifetime， Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money． Despite this， he carried on painting，sometimes even going without food so he could complete his collection of over 800 known works．Albert Einstein （1879-1955）Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921． However， he wasn't always considered a genius． He didn't speak until he was four， and couldn't read until he was seven． His teachers and parents thought he was slow， so he was driven from school and couldn't get into the Zurich Polytechnic School． He later famously said， "Success is failure in progress．"Stephen King （1947-2018）Stephen King is one of the best-selling authors of all time， but his first book， Carrie， was rejected by about 30 publishers． Finally， Stephen threw it into the bin， but his wife fished it out and encouraged him to resubmit it， which he did and succeeded this time!（1）Who became famous all over the world after his death？A． Albert Einstein．B． Vincent Van Gogh．C． Abraham Lincoln．D． Stephen King．（2）What was the most likely reason for Albert Einstein's dropping out of school？A． He didn't want to learn．B． He couldn't speak or read．C． His teachers thought he was stupid．D． He didn't obey the school rules．（3）What do these people have in common？A． They are all Americans．B． They are known for their writings．C． They were born in the same century．D． They all suffered failure before they succeeded．12．(★★★)Jordan wakes at 6 a．m． She helps her disabled mother， who is recovering from surgery for breast cancer， into the bath． Jordan has it all timed． She has a quick breakfast as her mother bathes， and returns to help herout of the bathtub and into her room． Before going to school， the 14-year-old has to walk the dog． In the evening， Jordan takes care of the family's animals and helps her mother into bed． Then she had a chance to eat dinner， do homework and [wind down] before going to sleep． Bedtime can be past midnight for the Florida nine-grader．"You have to have a certain level of maturity （成熟） to do it，" Shesays． As a determined student， Jordan is already planning a career in medicine．About 1.4 million children between ages 8and 18are caregivers nationwide，according to American Association of Caregiving Youth （AACY）． Evenly divided between girls and boys， about a third are between 8 and 11， and nearly 40% are between 12and 15． For the young caretakers， most common are chores like shopping，fixing meals and household tasks， or keeping the family member company． Hands-on care includes helping loved ones with day-to-day activities such as bathing，dressing and toileting， getting in and out of bed and chairs， and feeding．AACY is a nonprofit organization supporting caregiving kids in various ways，including financial assistance， caregiving education and camps to connect young caregivers to peers． Through AACY's Care Giving Youth Project， Jordan is notalone and she is able to develop friendships with teens like her． "I felt much more relieved and less embarrassed because I wasn't the only one．" She says． "I met one of my best friends and I'm still friends with her today．"There is light at the end of the tunnel for Jordan． "Seeing the people I'm taking care of become better gives me a relief that things will get better，" she says． She believes that AACY will continue to help her mother when it's time for her to go to college．（1）Which can be used to describe Jordan's life？A．Exciting and interesting．B． Peaceful but lonely．C． Busy and stressful．D． Easy but boring．（2）What do we learn about the caregivers according to paragraph three？A．Two thirds of them are teens．B． Most of them are school girls．C． They are experienced in care giving．D． They take on a wide range of duties．（3）What can we infer about Jordan's best friend？A．She is an official of AACY．B． She is also a teen caregiver．C． She helps kids communicate．D． She is suffering a bad disease．（4）What is the meaning of the underlined phrase "wind down" in the first paragraph？A．To have some rest．B． To take a nap．C． To get dressed．D． To sing a song．13．(★★)I was once told， "you are wasting your time on a career that will give you no money or comfort "．I explored my interests for years and finally decided to be ajournalist． However， I'm still influenced by others' arguments： print publications are being replaced by web versions where content is updated nearly every time you refresh the browser． But I hold onto my decision． Why？ For the simple， yet powerful reason that it makes me happy in a way that no amount of money ever could．Rarely have I found others who think like this， and I find it very disappointing when I hear students trying to design their lives on the basis of factors （因素） other than keeping to their passions and interests．Factor number one is parents． They certainly have a right to be a part intheir children's lives， but sometimes their words create more stress than encouragement． Instead of trying to make their children happy， as their original purpose may have been， parents can end up limiting their children's dreams and desires until nothing remains but the hard seeds of a cruel reality．The second factor is money． I had a conversation with my college friend one afternoon， which explains this point．"What happened？" I asked him after he said he had changed his major． "I thought you wanted to be a photographer．""I do，" he said， "But there is no money in it． Don't worry，" he added，probably feeling my worry． "I'm happy where I am．" I was ready to believe that，but as we kept on talking， he continuously interrupted me to point out the beautyof this view and that view， saying he wished he had taken his camera with him．Naturally， we cannot predict where we will end up with our choices． Our ideas and plans could change as we progress． However， at this stage in our lives whenso many voices are telling us who we should be， we need to value our individual dreams， not to abandon them， because they may be the only things left that tellus who we are．（1）Why is the author determined to be a journalist？A． He could get a high pay．B． He is influenced by others．C． He is truly interested in journalism．D． He has been studying journalism for years．（2）What does the author think of parents' role in their children's career choice？A． They shouldn't try to influence their children in any way．B． They help their children make the right choice of a career．C． They should support their children whatever they choose．D． They may destroy their children's dreams of a certain career．（3）What do we know about the author's friend？A． He doesn't care about what his job will bring him．B． He is still deeply interested in photography．C． He has lost his confidence in his abilities．D． He is doubtful about his new choice．（4）The author thinks that when choosing a career，．A． one should not consider their individual dreamsB． one should take a lot of factors into considerationC． one's desires and interests should come firstD． one should be realistic about future income14．(★★★)Every time your fingers touch your cell phone， they leave behind trace of amounts of chemicals． And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities． By studying them， scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life， a new study finds．A molecule （分子） is a group of atoms． It is the smallest amounts of some chemicals． Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you touched． With each new thing your skin contacts， you leave behind some smallshare of what it'd touched earlier．Researchers at the University of California， San Diego （UCSD） recently studied such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers． The study was led by biochemist Amina Bouslimani． To explore those residues （剩余物）， the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer's phone with a cotton swab （药签）． The scientists also swabbed each person's right hand． Then the researchers comparedthe chemicals found on each cell phone．The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could． They then compared those to a database of chemicals． Pieter Dorrestein， a UCSDpharmaceutical chemist， had helped set up that database a few years earlier，which contains various substances， including spices， caffeine and medicines．Traces of everything from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone． The molecules suggested what had been in the body， and what each person had handled before touching the phone． From all these molecules，Bouslimani says， "We could tell if a person is likely female， uses high-end cosmetics （化妆品）， colors her hair， drinks coffee， prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food．"Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives orillegal drugs． To date， Dorrestein says， he's never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behaviour clues to search for a suspect． But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene．（1）By studying the residues on the phone， we can conclude its user's ．A． personalityB． lifestyleC． appearanceD． intelligence（2）What was the first thing the researchers had to do for the study？A． Comparing different chemicals．B． Hiring volunteers with cell phones．C． Collecting different kinds of phones．D． Building a database containing chemicals．（3）What's the author's attitude towards the application of the research finding？A． Doubtful．B． Disappointed．C． Positive．D． Uninterested．（4）What should be the best title for the text？A． Cell Phones Will Be Used in More Fields．B． Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs．C． Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals．D． Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone．第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项有两项为多余选项．15．(★★★)Taking a Child FishingThere is nothing quite like seeing the smile on a young person's face when they catch their fish． Here are some simple steps that can be taken to help children and parents enjoy these early fishing experiences．（1）It's easier to teach young children to fish if your attention is towards them and not towards your own fishing． If you are also trying to fish， this can make that difficult for both of you．（2） When they need your help， you can hand down your tool and they can keep fishing．Keep trips short．Children have short attention periods．（3） Take this into consideration when planning a trip． When it stops being fun for them， it's time to call it a day．Bring plenty of snacks and drinks．Even though most of these trips will be short， they will get hungry and thirsty． Bringing plenty of snacks and drinks gives them a little break from fishing．（4） You can use this time while they are eating or playing to do some fishing yourself．Other than fishing．Just because they are on a fishing trip doesn't mean that they have to finish all the time． Let them do things besides fishing as long as it isn't interfering （打扰） with the people fishing around you．（5）A stop on the way home for ice cream or other treats can also be a fun part of the trip． Remember it's all about them having fun and hopefully wanting to go fishing with you again．A．Let them help make choices．B．Make the fishing trip about them．C．Children love to feel like they are helping out．D．This can be more exciting to them than the actual fishing．E．The same is true if you bring a few small toys for them to play with．F．One way to solve this problem is for you to use the tool the child can use．G．An hour or possibly two will be about all of the fishing they can handle in a day．第三部分英语知识运用（共三节）第一节完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项．16．(★★★★)I guess I was spoiled at first． I was an only child，（1）by all relatives． Up until I was eight years old， life was （2）． Then along came Grant and everything （3）．Grant is my little brother． He was born a month earlier， so he needed a lot of extra （4）． My parents still （5） me， but I was no longer the center of the universe． I was angry about the change． And at first， I was also （6） with Grant．Fortunately， Grants didn't cause any real （7） in hisgrowth． Gradually， he developed the habit of （8） himself to me． My parents want me to be （9） to him， but I found him totally annoying． By the time I became a teenager， he was， at five， my shadow，（10） mearound， copying my every move， and asking endless questions．Still， in spite of my unhappiness towards him， I began to （11） the time we spent together．As time went on， we developed connections and partnership， becoming more （12）． Grant stopped asking to go along on dates with me， and I setaside time to go fishing with him． He cheered me on at my soccer games， and I （13） to coach his T-ball team． He became less （14） and more of a buddy． I became more patient， more able to （15） and more likely to accept the unconditional love he （16）．Today I am happy to say that Grant and I are a （17）． We have already （18） how he will come visit me when I am in college． It will be hard to be （19）， but I know that we will always be close， if not in age or distance， we will be close in the long journey shared by （20）．（1）A． envied B． affected C． criticized D． loved（2）A． convenient B． free C． sweet D． valuable（3）A． changed B． broke C． arrived D． disappointed（4）A． money B． space C． time D． attention（5）A． waited for B． cared about C． doubted D． disturbed（6）A． pleased B． angry C． familiar D． strict（7）A． problems B． surprises C． confusion D． embarrassment（8）A． introducing B． contributing C． attaching D． applying（9）A． grateful B． friendly C． similar D． unique（10）A． showing B． having C． pushing D． following（11）A． enjoy B． miss C． hate D． disappoint（12）A． competitive B． regretful C． close D． humorous（13）A． refused B． pretended C． dreamed D． volunteered（14）A． amazing B． troublesome C． satisfying D． frightening（15）A． decide B． collect C． share D． order（16）A． lost B． offered C． bought D． felt（17）A． team B． class C． couple D． family（18）A． talked about B． brought about C． wrote about D． heard about（19）A． remembered B． touched C． separated D． defeated（20）A． friends B． parents C． classmates D． brothers第二节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．17．(★)The art show was _______ being a failure； it was a great success．（）A．far from B．along withC．next to D．regardless of18．(★)By the end of last month， we had sold ______ as we did next year．（）A．as twice many cars B．twice many as carsC．twice as many cars D．as many cars twice19．(★★★)According to a UN report，30 percent of the world population have no [ ]to clean drinking water and health care．（）A．means B．approach C．method D．access20．(★★)David is getting on well with his boss --- he can always ______ a new idea for pleasing the boss．（）A．keep up with B．put up withC．come up with D．catch up with21．(★)The biggest whale is ___ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long-the height of ___ 9-story building．（）A．the； the B．a； a C．a； the D．the； a22．(★★★)As we know， a red jacket doesn't ______ green trousers． But when a little girl wears them， they ______ her very well．（）A．fit； suit B．suit； fitC．fit； match D．match； suit23．(★★)--- I thought I asked you to fix the radio．--- Oh， I'm sorry． I forgot， Madam． I ______ it right away．（）A．am to do B．will doC．was about to do D．am going to do24．(★)It was along the Mississippi River _________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood．（）A．how B．which C．that D．where25．(★)All the staff in our company are considering [ ] to the city center for the fashion show．（）A．going B．having goneC．to have gone D．to go26．(★)Ted doesn't know what to _____ at the university；he can't make up his mind about his future．（）A．take on B．take away C．take off D．take up第三节语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式．27．(★★★)World Sleep Day falls on March 21． This year's theme concerns sleep and women．More women suffer from insomnia （失眠） than men， but only 4percent of the them go to a doctor to get help． Beijing's The First newspaper（1）（report） recently． A study by（2） international organization in the paper said that women （3）（age） 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day （4） average．Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep． Statistics from a Chinese medical research centre show that in （5）（city） like Beijing and Shanghai， 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia， and80percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep．Experts blame heavy （6）（press） and competition at work for poor （7）（sleep） habits． The long-term effects can be unhappiness， anxietyand depression，（8） can in turn lead to chronic illnesses（慢性病），（9）（ especial） in women．There are， however， a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep， such as maintaining an optimistic attitude， keeping a regular，（10）（day ）routine， or finding time for sports． Also， you can develop healthy habits， such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea， coffee， or wine before meals．第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．(★★★)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．The other day my friend Xu Rui found I am in low spirits， so she gave me a dozen roses to cheering me up． However， I only have one leave now， for I gave them all away． I gave one to my sister in hope that it would bring herself a little cheer． I took one to a friend who had not been feeling well recent． The flower or the visit helped much than I could tell but the friend was grateful． The rest went to those who had helped me in such many ways． Xu Rui gave me the flowers to help brighten up my day， but the biggest joy I received it was giving them away．第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．(★★)假定你是李华，下周三美国 Greendale 高中的访问团将来你校参观交流，作为校学生会主席，请给对方联系人Elizabeth写一封邮件，询问对方相关事宜．内容包括：1．日程安排；2．饮食习惯；3．其他要求．注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．Dear Elizabeth，Yours，Hua。