英语中的悖论
悖论的定义

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悖论蕴涵真理,但常被人们描绘 为倒置的真理;
悖论富有魅力,既让您乐在其中, 又使您焦躁不安,欲罢不能;
数学历史中出现的悖论,为数学 的发展提供了契机。
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数学欣赏Biblioteka 定义:如果某种理论的公理及其
推理规则看上去是合理的,但在这个理论 中却推出了两个互相矛盾的命题,或者证 明了这样一个复合命题,它表现为两个矛 盾命题的等价式,我们称这个理论包含了 一个悖论。
悖论≠诡辩或谬论
诡辩、谬论可以通过已有的理论、逻 辑论述其错误的原因,是与现有理论相悖 的;而悖论虽感其不妥,但从它所在的理 论体系中,不能阐明其错误的原因,是与 现有理论相容的。
数学欣赏
“悖论”(英语:Paradox)的
字面意思是荒谬的理论,它是在一定理论 系统前提下看起来没有问题的矛盾。
什么是悖论?笼统地说,是指这样的推 理过程:它看上去是合理的,但结果却得 出了矛盾。
悖论在很多情况下表现为能得出不符合 排中律的矛盾命题:由它的真,可以推出 它为假;由它的假,则可以推出它为真。
好的高级词汇英语

好的高级词汇英语
以下是一些在英语中常被视作高级词汇的词语:
1. Ambiguous - 模棱两可的,含糊不清的
2. Conundrum - 难题,谜团
3. Ephemeral - 短暂的,瞬息间的
4. Exacerbate - 加重,恶化
5. Hypocrisy - 伪善,虚伪
6. Intricate - 复杂的,精细的
7. Juxtapose - 并列,对比
8. Meticulous - 一丝不苟的,细致入微的
9. Nostalgia - 怀旧之情,乡愁
10. Ostentatious - 炫耀的,浮华的
11. Paradox - 自相矛盾的事物,悖论
12. Quintessential - 典型的,精华的
13. Rhetoric - 修辞学,华丽的言辞
14. Solicitous - 关切的,细心的
15. Tenacious - 坚韧不拔的,顽强的
16. Ubiquitous - 无所不在的,普遍存在的
17. Vexing - 恼人的,令人烦恼的
18. Wistful - 渴望的,忧郁的
19. Xenophobia - 排外心理,仇外情绪
20. Yearning - 渴望,热切的愿望
21. Zenith - 顶点,巅峰
使用这些词汇可以提升你的英语表达水平,但请注意,适当的词汇选择应根据上下文和读者群体来确定,确保词汇的准确性和适宜性。
科技英语 第一单元 罗素悖论

第一单元
GROUP 1
Who Is Russell?
伯特兰· 罗素:
二十世纪英国哲学家、数学家、逻
辑学家、历史学家,无神论或者不
可知论者,也是上世纪西方最著名、
影响最大的学者和和平主义社会活
动家之一,1950年诺贝尔文学奖得 主。
What’s Russell’s paradox
罗 素 悖 论
他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝
试,去解决这个问题(但没有成功)。
Diagram 第六段:罗素自己对这个悖
论的回答促进了类型理论的形 成。他解释说,悖论的问题在 于我们混淆了数集和数集的集
第七段:策梅洛对于罗
素悖论的解决方法用新的
公理:对于任意公式A(x)
和任意集合b,都会有一个
集合满足y={x:x既在b中 又满足A(x)}取代了以前 的公理:对于任意公式A (x),都会有一个集合满 足y={x:x满足A(x)}。
把所有集合分为2类,第一类中的集合 以其自身为元素,第二类中的集合不以 自身为元素,假令第一类集合所组成的 集合为P,第二类所组成的集合为Q, 于是有: P={A∣A∈A} Q={A∣A∉A} 问,Q∈P 还是 Q∈Q? 若Q∈P,那么 根据第一类集合的定义,必有Q∈Q, 但是Q中任何集合都有A∉A的性质,因 为Q∈Q,所以Q¢Q,引出矛盾。若 Q∈Q,根据第一类集合的定义,必有 Q∈P,而显然P∩Q=∅,所以Q∉Q,还 是矛盾。 这就是著名的“罗素悖论”。
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英语修辞手法

Alliteration(押头韵)
Paragraph 10. Today the poor are less often dismissed, I hope, from our consciences by being branded as inferior or incompetent. Paragraph 11. In I879 Henry George anticipated this state of affairs when he wrote in Progress and Poverty
Antithesis (对照)
Paragraph 1. Of the good things in life, the Negro has approximately one half those of whites. Of the bad things of life, he has twice those of whites. Paragraph 5. I am somebody. I am a person. I am a man with dignity and honor.
3. And, with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the Negro must boldly throw off the manacles of selfabnegation and say to himself and to the world,
Parallelism(平行)
Paragraph 5. I am somebody. I am a person. I am a man with dignity and honor. Paragraph 12. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity. Paragraph 22. when I say question the whole society, it means ultimately coming to see that the problem of racism, the problem of economic exploitation, and the problem of war are all tied together
比较酷的英语单词

比较酷的英语单词以下是10个比较酷的英语单词:1. Serendipity(意为“意外发现美好事物的愉快感觉”)2. Euphoria (意为“特别的高兴、愉悦”)3. Paradox (意为“悖论,自相矛盾的情况”)4. Melancholy (意为“忧郁,悲伤”)5. Abyss (意为“深渊”)6. Epiphany (意为“顿悟”)7. Ethereal (意为“飘渺的”)8. Luminous (意为“发光的,明亮的”)9. Quixotic (意为“不切实际的,狂想家的”)10. Nemesis (意为“宿命,天命”)以下是造句:1. I had a moment of serendipity when I found a $20 bill on the street.2. The euphoria I felt after winning the championship was indescribable.3. It's a paradox that we can only break free from our limitations by embracing them.4. The melancholy melody of the song brought tears to my eyes.5. He was standing on the edge of the abyss, looking down at the swirling darkness below.6. Her epiphany came when she realized that she had been living for other people's expectations instead of her own dreams.7. The ethereal beauty of the aurora borealis left us speechless.8. The luminous moon illuminated the dark night sky.9. He had a quixotic dream of becoming a rock star despite having no musical talent.10. Fate seemed to be his nemesis, as no matter what he did, he always ended up failing.。
高级英语词汇

高级英语词汇在高级英语的学习过程中,掌握一系列复杂的词汇是至关重要的。
这些词汇不仅能够丰富你的语言表达,还能帮助你在各种场合下更精确地传达你的思想和观点。
以下是一些高级英语词汇的例子,它们涵盖了不同的主题和领域,包括但不限于科学、技术、文学、艺术和日常生活。
1. 科学领域- Quantum mechanics: 量子力学- Nanotechnology: 纳米技术- Biotechnology: 生物技术- Astrophysics: 天体物理学- Genomics: 基因组学2. 技术领域- Artificial intelligence: 人工智能- Cybersecurity: 网络安全- Blockchain: 区块链- Augmented reality: 增强现实- Machine learning: 机器学习3. 文学领域- Allegory: 寓言- Epistemology: 认识论- Postmodernism: 后现代主义- Existentialism: 存在主义- Metafiction: 元小说4. 艺术领域- Aesthetics: 美学- Baroque: 巴洛克风格- Cubism: 立体主义- Impressionism: 印象派- Surrealism: 超现实主义5. 日常生活- Ambiguity: 模糊不清- Serendipity: 意外发现- Ineffable: 难以言喻的- Ephemeral: 短暂的- Paradox: 悖论6. 经济领域- Inflation: 通货膨胀- Deflation: 通货紧缩- Fiscal policy: 财政政策- Monopolistic competition: 垄断竞争 - Subsidies: 补贴7. 法律领域- Jurisprudence: 法学- Tort: 侵权行为- Litigation: 诉讼- Precedent: 先例- Statute: 法规8. 心理学领域- Cognitive dissonance: 认知失调- Empathy: 同理心- Neurosis: 神经症- Phobia: 恐惧症- Psychoanalysis: 精神分析9. 环境科学- Biodiversity: 生物多样性- Ecosystem: 生态系统- Sustainability: 可持续性- Deforestation: 森林砍伐- Global warming: 全球变暖10. 社会政治- Democracy: 民主- Socialism: 社会主义- Anarchy: 无政府状态- Pluralism: 多元主义- Human rights: 人权这些词汇只是高级英语词汇的一小部分,但它们可以作为你扩展词汇量和提高语言能力的起点。
生僻的英语名词解释

生僻的英语名词解释1. Rendezvous(约会地点)"Rendezvous"是一个源自法语的词汇,意为“约会地点”。
虽然在日常英语中不常使用,但在文学作品和古典诗歌中经常被提及。
它通常代表了一种浪漫、神秘和期待的氛围,给人留下深刻而难忘的印象。
2. Serendipity(意外发现)"Serendipity"这个名词源自英国作家华尔波尔的一部小说,意为“意外发现”或“巧合”。
它描述了一种意外而幸福的发现,通常指的是那些不经意间获得的、对个人或社会产生积极影响的发现。
这种感觉充满了惊喜和幸福,常被用来描述命运的巧合和不期而遇的幸运。
3. Aesthetics(美学)"Aesthetics"是一门研究感官美和艺术的学科。
它关注艺术作品的形式、结构、审美价值和观赏者的美感体验。
美学探讨了美的概念、创作过程以及艺术与人类文化的关系。
这个名词源自希腊语的“aisthēsis”,意为“感知”,强调了美感的主观性和个体化。
4. Zeitgeist(时代精神)"Zeitgeist"是一个德国语词汇,意为“时代精神”。
它代表了特定时期、特定文化或社会群体的价值观、思潮和心态。
Zeitgeist起源于哲学家和社会学家们对社会文化变迁的思考,通过这个名词,他们试图捕捉和表达时代特征的本质。
5. Procrastination(拖延症)"Procrastination"一词是由拉丁语的"pro"(前)和"crastinus"(明日)构成,意为“拖延症”。
它指的是人们将重要事情推迟到最后时刻的倾向。
尽管在生活中我们都可能有这样的经历,但它在心理学中被看作一种负面行为模式,会导致压力、焦虑和效率低下。
6. Schadenfreude(幸灾乐祸)"Schadenfreude"是一个源自德语的名词,意为“幸灾乐祸”。
生活的悖论英语作文初一

生活的悖论英语作文初一The Paradox of Life。
Life is full of paradoxes, contradictions, and ironies. It is a complex and mysterious journey that often leaves us in a state of confusion and bewilderment. The more we try to understand it, the more enigmatic it becomes. In this essay, we will explore some of the most prevalent paradoxes of life and how they shape our existence.One of the most profound paradoxes of life is the concept of time. On one hand, time is a precious commodity that we must use wisely and make the most of. On the other hand, it is fleeting and ephemeral, slipping through our fingers like sand. We are constantly racing against time, trying to achieve our goals and fulfill our aspirations, yet we are also reminded of the impermanence of life and the inevitability of death. This paradox forces us tostrike a delicate balance between living in the present and planning for the future, between seizing the moment andsavoring the moment.Another paradox of life is the pursuit of happiness. We are constantly seeking happiness and fulfillment, yet the more we chase after it, the more elusive it becomes. The paradox lies in the fact that happiness cannot be pursued directly; it is a byproduct of living a meaningful and purposeful life. When we focus too much on our own happiness, we often end up feeling empty and dissatisfied. However, when we shift our attention to serving others and contributing to the greater good, we find that happiness comes to us naturally.The paradox of love is another enigma of life. We crave love and connection, yet we are often afraid of getting hurt. We long for intimacy and companionship, yet we fear vulnerability and rejection. Love is a paradox because it requires us to open our hearts and expose our deepest emotions, even though there is no guarantee of reciprocity. It is a leap of faith that demands courage and resilience, yet it is also the most rewarding and transformative experience that life has to offer.The paradox of success is perhaps the most pervasive in modern society. We are taught to strive for success and achieve greatness, yet the pursuit of success often leads to stress, anxiety, and burnout. We are driven by ambition and competition, yet we are also plagued by self-doubt and fear of failure. Success is a paradox because it demands hard work and sacrifice, yet it also requires humility and gratitude. It is a delicate balancing act between ambition and contentment, between achievement and fulfillment.In conclusion, life is a tapestry of paradoxes that challenge and enrich our existence. The paradoxes of time, happiness, love, and success remind us that life is a delicate dance of contradictions and complexities. Instead of trying to unravel these paradoxes, we must learn to embrace them and find meaning in the midst of uncertainty. It is through grappling with these paradoxes that we grow, evolve, and ultimately find our place in the world.。
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My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death.One or other of us has to go. 我和我的墙纸即将展开生死决斗,所以我们中的一个必须得走。
——1900年11月30日,于左岸旅店,他的遗言。
No man is rich enough to buy back his own past. -An Ideal Husband (1895)
没有人富有到可以赎回自己的过去。
--改编自《理想的丈夫》
The truth is rarely pure and never simple. -The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
真相很少纯粹,也决不简单。
——《不可儿嬉》
To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.
爱自己是终身浪漫的开始。
——爱自己就是开始延续一生的罗曼史。
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
我们都生活在阴沟里,但仍有人仰望星空。
Most people discover when it is too late that the only things one never regrets are one's mistakes.
大多数人发现他们从未后悔的事情只是他们的错误,但发现时已经太晚了。
What is the chief cause of divorce? Marriage.
什么是离婚的主要原因?结婚。
When a love comes to an end, weaklings cry, efficient ones instantly find another love and wise already had one in reserve.
当爱情走到尽头,软弱者哭个不停,有效率的马上去寻找下一个目标,而聪明的早就预备了下一个。
No great artist ever sees things as they really are. If he did he would cease to be an artist.
伟大的艺术家看不到事物的真实。
如果他看到了,就不再是艺术家。
I represent to you all the sins you have never had the courage to commit.
我给你们讲述的是所有你们没勇气去犯的罪孽。
One can always be kind to people one cares nothing about.
一个人总是可以善待他毫不在意的人。
We Irish are too poetical to be poets; we are a nation of brilliant failures, but we are the greatest talkers since the Greeks.
我们爱尔兰人太诗意以至不能做诗人,我们的国家里充满才华横溢的失败者,可我们是自希腊人以来最伟大的说空话之人。
What seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise
看似痛苦的试炼的往往是伪装的祝福。
The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray.
情感的好处就是让我们误入歧途。
Please do not shoot the pianist. He is doing his best.
请不要枪杀钢琴师,他已经尽力了。
The heart was made to be broken.
心是用来碎的。
The public is wonderfully tolerant. It forgives everything except genius.
公众惊人地宽容。
他们可以原谅一切,除了天才。
Religions die when they are proved to be true. Science is the record of dead religions.
宗教一旦被证明是正确时就会消亡。
科学便是已消亡宗教的记录。
Why was I born with such contemporaries
为什么我会和这样同时代的人一块出生呢?
A poet can survive everything but a misprint.
诗人什么都可以容忍,印刷错误除外。
Only the shallow know themselves.
只有浅薄的人才了解自己。
The only way to get rid of temptation is to yield to it... I can resist everything but temptation.
摆脱诱惑的唯一方式是臣服于诱惑……我能抗拒一切,除了诱惑。
Discontent is the first step in the progress of a man or a nation.
不满是个人或民族迈向进步的第一步。
I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments.
我喜欢自言自语,因为这样节约时间,而且不会有人跟我争论。
Quotation is a serviceable substitute for wit.
格言是智慧耐用的替代品。
A dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world.
梦想家只能在月光下找到前进的方向,他为此遭受的惩罚是比所有人提前看到曙光。
Every saint has a past and every sinner has a future.
每个圣人都有过去,每个罪人都有未来。
To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all.
生活是世上最罕见的事情,大多数人只是存在,仅此而已。
I have nothing to declare except my genuis.
除了我的天才,我没什么好申报的。
I like men who have a future and women who have a past
我喜欢有未来的男人和有过去的女人。
Pessimist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
悲观主义者是这种人:当他可以从两种罪恶中选择时,他把两种都选了。
Society exists only as a mental concept; in the real world there are only individual s.
社会仅仅以一种精神概念而存在,真实世界中只有个体存在。
What is a cynic? A man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing
一个愤世嫉俗的人知道所有东西的价格,却不知道任何东西的价值。
I like persons better than principles, and I like persons with no principles better than anything else in the world.
我喜欢人甚于原则,此外我还喜欢没原则的人甚于世界上的一切。
It is the confession, not the priest, that gives us absolution
给我们赦免的,是忏悔而不是牧师。
I don't want to earn my living; I want to live.
我不想谋生;我想生活。
Moderation is a fatal thing. Nothing succeeds like excess.
适度是极其致命的事情。
过度带来的成功是无可比拟的。
The only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about.
世上只有一件事比被人议论更糟糕,那就是没有人议论你。
When the gods wish to punish us, they answer our prayers -An Ideal husband, 1893
当神想惩罚我们时,他们就回应我们的祈祷。
-《一个理想的丈夫》
"Life is never fair...And perhaps it is a good thing for most of us that it is not." -An Ideal Husband,1893。