专四语法：PART3情态动词 和 倒装
英语专业四级英语倒装句浓缩版
英语倒装句浓缩版1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
【名词倒装,代词不倒装】Our teacher came in. In came our teacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is. / Away he went. /Look, there he comes. 看，他来了。
/Down she went.她下来了。
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.2. 副词now, then, thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come, follow, begin, end, be 等．Now comes your turn! 到你了。
Thus ended the meeting. 会议结束了。
Then came the dog.Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do. Under a big tree __D______, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man satC. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + lives, stands, comes, lies, flows, enters, rises 和appears等。
There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 ; neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
英语专四语法术语(中英对照)
英语专四语法术语名词：noun个体名词：individual noun集体名词: collective noun 物质名词：material noun 抽象名词: abstract noun 可数名词：countable noun不可数名词：uncountable noun动词：verb动态动词：dynamic verb 静态动词：stative verb 情态动词：modal verb 助动词：auxiliary非谓语动词：non-finite verbs(分词，participle; 不定式, infinitive; 动名词，gerund)数词：numeral代词：pronoun人称代词：personal pronoun物主代词：possessive pronoun反身代词：reflexive pronoun指示代词：demonstrative pronoun 关系代词：relativepronoun不定代词：indefinitepronoun形容词：adjective副词：adverb冠词：article连词：conjunction介词：preposition感叹词：interjection限定词：determiner短语：phrase不定式短语：infinitivephrase动名词短语：gerundialphrase分词短语：participialphrase主语：subject谓语：predicate主谓一致：subject-verbagreement宾语：object补语：complement定语：attribute状语：adverbial同位语：appositive主语从句：subject clause表语从句：predicativeclause宾语从句：object clause定语从句：attributiveclause先行词：antecedent限制性定语从句：restrictive attributiveclause非限制性定语从句：non-restrictiveattributive clause状语从句：adverbialclause陈述句：Declarativesentence疑问句：interrogativesentence祈使句：imperativesentence感叹句：exclamatorysentence时态(各种时态) tense语态：voice主动语态：active voice被动语态：passive voice虚拟语气：subjunctivemood反义疑问句：tag question倒装：inversion部分倒装：partialinversion省略：ellipsis。
倒装与情态动词复习
18. _____ ， 1 would accept the invitation and go to the party. A Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you 19. Not once _____ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 20. Not until he arrived home _____ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. would C. when D. that
12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 13. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea. A. that I knew B. did I know C. 1 could know D. I did know
固定搭配小练习
1.I think that the Great Wall is worth____ hundreds of miles to visit. A to travel B traveling C traveled D travel 2.Allan is looking forward to ____ his American partner at the trade fair. A meet B meeting C be meeting D having met 3.When I first arrived in Japan, I was surprise ___ the way people greeted each other.
（完整版）情态动词归纳大学专四语法
（完整版）情态动词归纳大学专四语法情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
一、can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.2) 表示请求和允许。
-----Can I go now?----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
----Could I come to see you tomorrow?---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?This can’t be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1) 表示请求和允许。
情态动词和倒装语法
Summary：can/could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
此时可用be able to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
若表示过去做成具体某事的“能力”常用was/were able to 或managed to do2) 表示请求和允许。
3) 表示客观可能性、一时的可能性4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Summary：may/might1) 表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
2) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might表示的可能性比may小。
3）may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
Summary：must1) must表示必须、必要(责任、义务、建议等)在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准）而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）（对现在或将来推测用情态动词加动词原形、对过去推测用情态动词加have done）4）表示“偏执，固执”意为“偏要、偏偏等”Summary：shall1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。
2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
3.shall 表示根据法律条文、规章制度等规定必须做某事Summary：should①表示责任或义务，劝告、建议和命令等意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。
②表示基于常理或经验的猜测、推论，通常意为“应该会，按理说，想必会③用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的,常常意为“竟会，居然”。
专四语法之倒装、省略、比较结构和附加疑问句
第七节倒装、省略、比较结构和附加疑问句一、倒装（inversion）倒装句有两种形式：完全倒装（full inversion）和部分倒装（partial inversion）。
将整个谓语动词或整个谓语部分都放在主语前面时，称为完全倒装。
只将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后，则是部分倒装。
1.完全倒装1)以here, there, now, then, from, out, down, in, up,away, on等副词开头的句子，且谓语动词表示位置转移的动态动词时。
2)地点状语置于句首，也会引起完全例装。
此类句中的谓语动词大多是表示走动或状态的不及物动词go, come, stand, sit, lie 等。
3)表语放在句首以加强语气时，主语要放在be动词之后形成完全倒装。
2.部分倒装1)表示否定或基本否定的词或者词组放在句首作状语时，通常句子要部分倒装。
这些词有：never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, now here, no sooner…than…, not only, in no case, in no way, on no account, at no time, under (in) no circumstances等。
2)句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时，通常句子要部分倒装。
（注意：当so放在句首只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定时，不用倒装。
）3)Only引出的状语放在句首时，一般都是部分倒装。
（注意：only属于主语的一部分时，不可用倒装结构）。
4)As引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，将表语或谓语中的动词提前。
系动词be前置用倒装结构，引导让步状语从句。
二、省略（Ellipse）1)在以if, when, though, although, as, as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句主要动词是be时，通常省略从句的主语和系动词。
倒装句语法总结 -回复
倒装句语法总结倒装句是一种特殊的语法结构，它在英语中经常被使用。
下面是倒装句的几种常见形式和用法的总结：1. 完全倒装：将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成完全倒装句。
情态动词倒装：例如"Can you swim?"（你会游泳吗？）助动词倒装：例如"She has gone."（她已经走了。
）2. 部分倒装：将谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前，构成部分倒装句。
副词或短语倒装：例如"Out came the sun."（太阳出来了。
）否定副词或短语倒装：例如"Never have I seen such a beautiful sight."（我从未见过如此美丽的景象。
）3. 条件句倒装：在以"if"或"should"引导的条件句中，可以发生倒装。
如果主句是肯定句，条件句中要使用"should + 动词原形"的倒装形式：例如"Should you need any help, feel free to ask."（如果你需要帮助，随时问我。
）如果主句是否定句，条件句中要使用"were/should + 主语"的倒装形式：例如"Were I rich, I would travel the world."（要是我有钱，我会周游世界。
）4. 祈使句倒装：在祈使句中，动词原形放在主语之前。
直接祈使句倒装：例如"Open the door."（把门打开。
）否定祈使句倒装：例如"Don't be late."（别迟到。
）需要注意的是，在正常陈述句中并不需要倒装。
倒装句通常用于强调句子的某个部分、提问、表示条件等特殊情况下。
熟练掌握倒装句的用法可以使表达更加灵活生动。
情态动词主谓一致倒装句专题学习
情态动词、主谓一致和倒装句专题学习情态动词助动词与情态动词最主要的区别之一是，助动词本身没有词义，而情态动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。
例：What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）除此之外，情态动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。
如果我们把ought to和used to看作是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式。
例：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2)情态动词在限定动词词组中总是位居第一。
例：They need not have been punished so severely.3)情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
例：She dare not say what she thinks.4)情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式。
例：Still, she needn’t have run away.5)情态动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。
在不少场合，情态动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。
例：Would you mind very much ifI ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it.6)情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态动词，但有时却可以与助动词have和be连用。
专四必考语法第3讲倒装句
Inversion 倒装带否定意义的副词置于句首时带否定意义的词置于句首时，主谓语需要倒装。
Rarely does he go to the movies.Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of her honesty.Little do I know about the meaning of this proverb.Never before the night had I felt the extent of mypower.含有否定词的介词短语在句首时含有否定词的介词短语在句首时，句子主谓倒装。
这类介词短语包括：in no case, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no sense,u nder no circumstances, 等等。
意思为“决不，在任何情况下都不。
”“Only+状语”置于句首时的倒装“Only+状语”置于句首时，主谓语需要倒装。
1) Only by practicing a lot outside class can we speak English fluently.2) Only when I saw him did I remember that I promised to bring him a gift.3) Only then did I know that I was wrong.not only位于句首时的倒装句首是not only且连接分句结构时，引起局部（部分）倒装。
Not only did we lose our money, but we were also in danger of losing our live s.Not only can he sing very well, but he can also play some musical instrumen t very skillfully.neither，nor表示“也不”时的倒装句首是neither，nor表示“也不”时，主谓语需要倒装。
情态动词和倒装
情态动词完成时的用法（ have + done)
7. should +have +done, ought to+ have + done 表示过去 本应该做某事而没有做
sholud+ haven’t done 表示过去不应该做某事而做了
A) Should be studying B) should studying
C) ought to be studied
D) ought to studying
5. She is studying medical science now but she__B____
a lawyer.
A) would be
6. Only after I had known him for sometime __B_______
to appreciate his real worth.
A. do I begin
B. did I begin
C. I began
D. had I begun
倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装
7.They have all got up, and _____B____.
e.g. • Bang! Bang! Bang! Came three reports of firecrackers. • In this letter will be found a surprise.
2.以否定词或以带有否定意义的词放在句首，用部分倒装 never before, seldom, little, on no account, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, under no circumstance, in no case
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PART3情态动词和倒装●1) This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?A .would you mind B. would you pleaseC. will you like toD. will you please to●2) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matterwhat we ____ during the day.A. should have doneB. would have doneC. may have doneD. must have done●3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you____ it.A. mustn't have doneB. wouldn't have doneC. mightn't have doneD. didn't have to do●4) If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.A. should as wellB. may as wellC. can as wellD. would as well●5) You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't followB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been followingD. shouldn't have been following●6) You ___her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town fortwo weeks.A. needn't have seenB. must have seenC. might have seenD. couldn’t have seen●7) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.A. can't have beenB. shouldn't have beenC. mustn't have beenD. wouldn't have been●参考答案●1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) D 7) A2．情态动词的测试要点●从以上例题可以看出，四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。
●1）情态动词的基本用法，如①④⑤。
●2）情态动词+ 动词的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。
●3）情态动词的推测性用法⑦。
3．情态动词的应对策略●1）情态动词自身结构要正确●结构包括情态动词自身的搭配和其后的连带成分。
除ought外情态动词后接原形动词，测试中常将不同结构的动词置于一起设干扰项，如①。
四个选项都与请求有关，但would you mind后接动名词，一般说would you like to而不是will you like to，will you please后用原形动词，答案是would you please●2）注意情态动词推测性用法中各个情态动词使用的句型是否与题干句型一致。
●在情态动词的推测性用法中，must, can, may, might, could各用于不同的句型，应注意分辨。
具体使用规律为：must只用于肯定句中。
can/could不能用语肯定句中。
may/might不能用语疑问句中。
●另外还应注意can't表示"不可能"，may not表示"可能不"。
考试时，如果有原因说明自己的猜测，一般应该用must, can't而不是may, may not。
●如：He can't have stolen the money; he is not such kind of person. Some pleasant thingmust have happened to him. He is so excited.3）注意推测性用法中谓语动词发生的时间。
●如果推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。
There must have been no one in, for nobody answered the phone.●如果推测的是正在进行的事情，情态动词后则用动词的进行形式。
They must be talking about something very secret.●如果推测的是现在的状态等，情态动词后则用原形动词He must be badly ill. He looks so pale.●如果推测的是将来发生的事情，情态动词后同样用原形动词，这时，情态动词只能是may/might。
There may be a terrible storm in the following few days.●4）注意"情态动词+动词的完成形式"所表达的意思与题干意思是否相符。
●shouldn‘t/oughtn’t to have done 本来不应该●You ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldn't followB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been followingD. shouldn't have been following●might have done 本来应该（用来表示一种责备）You ______ even though you were busy at that time.A. might help himB. must have helped himC. might have helped himD. should help him●这类题在设计干扰项时，一般都会有情态动词推测性用法的涉及，同学们应注意分词上下文的逻辑和语意关系。
其它"情态动词+ 动词的完成形式"并不表示推测，而分别表示：●could have done本来能够He didn't take part in the competition, he _______ though.A. wonB. didn't winC. could winD. could have won●needn't have done 本来没不要You ________. There was plenty of time.A. needn't hurryB. can't hurryC. mustn't have hurriedD. needn't have hurried●should/ought to have done 本来应该You _______ me earlier. I could have helped you.A. should tell meB. should have toldC. need to tellD. needn't have told●5）注意常用情态动词的基本句法和表意功能●其它常用动词的用法，如shall表示"命令"、"威胁"、"许诺"或征求许可，may/mightas well等，同学们都应多多注意其用法。
倒装●倒装结构也是比较常见的一种句式，但考查的分量不大.●1) I could not persuade him to accept it, ___ make him see theimportance of it.A. if only I could notB. no more than I couldC. or I could notD. nor could I●2) Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.A. had he arrivedB. would he have arrivedC. did he arrive C. should he have arrived●3) The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it actedresponsibly.A. neitherB. soC. eitherD. both●4) We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephonein the office for personal affairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use●5) Only under special circumstances_____to take make-up tests.A. are freshmen permittedB. freshmen are permittedC. permitted are freshmenD. are permitted freshmen●参考答案：1) D 2) C 3) A 4) A 5) A倒装测试范围和应对策略●倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装，但从近几年的测试来看，重点是部分倒装。
对于倒装句型同学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒装，并且如何倒装。
注意下面常见的倒装条件。
●1）含有否定意味的词置于句首，主谓倒装。
应注意常用否定词语，如：hardly, barely, not, seldom, little, few, nowhere, never, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, not until, not only…but also.., neither … nor…等。
如果是在从句的句首，则从句倒装，如4）题。
●2）only + 状语置于句首，主谓倒装。
Only后的状语可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，要特别注意，从句并不倒装，而是主句倒装。