EN 14878-2007 纺织材料 儿童睡衣的燃烧特性 规范

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 14878 May 2007ICS 61.020; 97.190English VersionTextiles - Burning behaviour of children's nightwear -SpecificationTextiles - Comportement au feu des vêtements de nuit desenfants - Spécification Textilien - Brennverhalten von Kindernachtwäsche -AnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I TÉE U R O PÉE NDE N O R M A LI S A T I O NEUR OPÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14878:2007: EEN 14878:2007 (E)Contents PageForeword (3)Introduction (4)1Scope (5)2Normative references (5)3Terms and definitions (5)4Principle (6)5Toxicology of flame retardant (6)6Fabric and garment sampling (6)7Test method (7)8Number of tests (7)9Requirements (7)10Design features and requirements for pyjamas (8)11Labelling (9)12Test report (9)Annex A (normative) Labelling (10)Annex B (informative) Design guidance (11)Annex C (informative) A-deviations (12)Bibliography (14)2EN 14878:2007 (E)ForewordThis document (EN 14878:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2008.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.The contents of this standard consider those items of nightwear and nightwear fabrics that could pose a significant risk of injury to children from the hazards presented by the potential to catch fire.Accident statistics (see Bibliography) indicate the most common sources of ignition to be:a) cooking appliances;b) sitting too close to a fire;c) use of matches;d) use of smoking materials;e) candles used primarily for decoration.Consideration was given to garments and other such items intended for use by babies under the age of six (6) months. On the basis that babies of this age are not yet mobile, i.e. they are unable to crawl or walk, the risk was considered low.The principle upon which this standard is based is the acceptance that most, but not all, fabrics used in the manufacture of children’s nightwear will ignite when exposed to a small flame. On this premise therefore, there is no requirement for a specific ignitability test. The specification requires that the parameters of time of flame spread and surface flash are measured using a specified test procedure (EN 1103).The risk of fire may be diminished in some situations by the use of a suitable flame retardant. However, the application of a flame retardant could be considered to present a health risk. Both points of view were discussed in the feasibility study, prepared under a Mandate (M/263) that preceded the Standardization Mandate.Following the publication and implementation of this standard in CEN countries, there should be an 18 month transition period from the date of availability, to allow manufacturers to develop and produce garments that conform to the standards. The period is also to allow the supply chain, from manufacturer to the consumer, to be cleared on non-conforming garments.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.3EN 14878:2007 (E)IntroductionThe aim of this European Standard is to define a harmonised procedure for the specification of children’s nightwear or fabrics intended for children’s nightwear with regard to their burning behaviour.Within the scope of this specification it is not possible to cover all the potential hazards that may create an unsafe garment; conversely, indefinable specific hazards in certain styles/design of garment may not present a risk. It is therefore recommended that an individual risk assessment is carried out on any garment in order to ensure that it does not present a hazard to the wearer and can therefore be deemed to be a ‘safe’ garment. This includes the use of applied flame retardant treatments. Durability of such finishes will require assessment. No European Standard method addressing durability of such treatments has yet been established.4EN 14878:2007 (E)1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies requirements for the burning behaviour of children’s nightwear and nightwear fabrics intended for such garments when tested in accordance with EN 1103 but without the washing procedure.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 1103, Textiles - Fabrics for apparel - Detailed procedure to determine the burning behaviour3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1103 and the following apply.3.1nightweargarments that are either sold as nightwear or intended to be worn as nightwear, e.g. bathrobes, dressing gowns, night shirts, nightdresses and pyjamas3.1.1babies’ nightwearnightwear intended to be worn by babies (see 3.3)3.1.2children’s nightwearnightwear intended to be worn by children (see 3.4)3.2pyjamaseither two or several piece nightwear garment comprising trouser, shorts or briefs and top. It may also comprise one-piece pyjama type with top integral to trouser. The trouser may be with or without feet3.3babiesbabies up to six (6) months of age and having a height up to 68 cm3.4childrenyoung persons over six (6) months and up to the age of fourteen (14) years. Girls having a height between 68 cm and 176 cm and boys between 68 cm and 182 cm3.5specimensrepresentative pieces of the product which are tested together with any lining/substrate or treatment5EN 14878:2007 (E)3.6multi-layer fabricsfabric produced from a series of separate layers, intimately combined at a stage prior to garment production,e.g. quilted fabrics3.7fabric assemblyseries of fabrics assembled as they would be at the garment manufacturing stage (excluding threads and trimmings), for the purpose of testing4 PrincipleThe properties of time of flame spread and surface flash are evaluated by submitting a sample to the application of a specified test method contained in EN 1103. EN 1103 contains a cleansing procedure whichis not applied to any test material covered by this standard as a single wash has been found to have little or no effect on finishes used on nightwear.5 Toxicology of flame retardantA flame retardant is a substance used to impart improved fire behaviour to a material. When a flame retardantis applied to a textile to be used in nightwear conforming to this standard, it will be the responsibility of the manufacturer/retailer placing the chemically treated flame retardant nightwear on the European market to ensure the finish being used has been adequately assessed for risk of toxicity and/or eco toxicity and is considered safe for its intended use by the EU Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER).Any flame retardant used to impart a degree of reduction of any of the measured parameters shall be able to provide this reduction during the expected life of the garment. It shall therefore be able to resist the normal washing procedures to which the garment could reasonably be expected to be subjected.6 Fabric and garment sampling6.1 Fabrics6.1.1 At least one sample shall be taken that is representative of the bulk, of sufficient size to provide the specimens for the test. Three specimens shall be taken in the machine direction and three specimens in the cross direction.6.1.2 Where multi-layer fabrics or fabric assemblies are tested, they should be tested in the arrangement which is to be used in the garment. The order of the layers in the test specimen and the face to which the test flame is applied, should be noted in the test report.6.2 Fabric from garmentsThe specimens can be taken from one or more styles of garments made of the same fabric and finishing route.6.3 Shortage of materialIf it is not possible to obtain a single test specimen of the size required in EN 1103, pieces shall be joined, cut from the same or different garments of the same type, in the same direction, using butt joints held together with five equally spaced staples across the width of the specimen. Overlapping joints shall not be used and no more than three pieces are to be used to form any one specimen. This should be noted in the test report.6EN 14878:2007 (E)6.4 Range testing6.4.1 Conventional testing allowing the characterization of the sensitivity of the product with regard to the fire behaviour taking into account the variation of one or more parameters (i.e. mass per unit area; colour; surface appearance; volumic mass etc) from a reduced number of test specimens determined after evaluation provided that the results obtained on the various samples give the same results.6.4.2 The range testing can be carried out on a component of the range, representing the most unfavourable cases. For example, when a material exists in several colours, with different surface appearances, the result of the testing can be applied to the range, based on the results of tests carried out on some appearances and colours, from the complete range provided.7 Test methodThe measurement of time of flame spread and surface flash shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1103. All test procedures are to be completed on the garment/fabric as received. All test procedures are to be completed on the garment/fabric without washing or otherwise cleansing (see Clause 4).8 Number of tests8.1 GeneralFor a nightwear product (see 3.1) or nightwear fabric to claim a particular class, all the relevant criteria given in Table 1 Class A or B shall be met.8.2 Flame spread and surface flash8.2.1 For the compliance parameters of time of flame spread and surface flash, the selection of the class is based on the results of tests in accordance with EN 1103.8.2.2 If at least two specimens (out of six) give a result belonging to a lower class, the material shall belong to this lower class.8.2.3 If only one specimen (out of six) gives a result belonging to a lower class, three extra specimens shall be tested in the same direction as the one giving the worst result.8.2.4 If none of the extra three specimens gives a result belonging to the lower class, the material belongs to the original class.8.2.5 If at least one of the extra three specimens tested gives a result belonging to the lower class, then the material belongs to the lower class.9 RequirementsFor the purposes of this standard, the various categories of nightwear fabrics are classified as in Table 1. It is assumed that the satisfaction of a higher class will satisfy all the criteria of the lower classes.7EN 14878:2007 (E)8 Table 1 — RequirementsClass Application Parameters to bemeasuredMinimum requirementsA Children’snightwear(NOT pyjamas)Surface flashTime of flame spreadNo surface flash3rd marker thread (520 mm) not severed in lessthan 15 sB Children’s pyjamas Surface flashTime of flame spreadNo surface flash3rd marker thread (520 mm) not severed in lessthan 10 sC Babies’ nightwear Not tested None10 Design features and requirements for pyjamas10.1 General10.1.1If the design features for children’s pyjamas do not fulfil the criteria given in 10.2; 10.3 or 10.4, the pyjamas or the fabric shall pass the requirements of Class A.10.1.2 Certain features of garments can be considered of greater hazard than others; full skirts and long, loose sleeves are some of such features. Certain restrictions are to be followed in such circumstances and the following clauses give measurements that shall be followed. All measurements shall be taken with the garment fastened, lying flat and in a relaxed state. In the case of wrap around style garments, measurements shall be as if the garment is being worn (see Annex B).10.2 Pyjama tops or jackets10.2.1Pyjama tops or jackets shall not have a lower hem circumference greater than the hip size it is designed to fit +20 %.10.2.2 Pyjama tops or jackets shall be designed to have a lower hem no more than 10 cm below the crotch.10.3 Pyjama trousersPyjama trouser legs shall not be wider at the lower hem than at the knee.10.4 Sleeve cuffs for pyjamasWhere the sleeve is designed to finish below the elbow, the lower hem shall not have a circumference greater than 40 cm and at no point shall the circumference of the sleeve width be greater than 50 cm.NOTE For further information and advice on this matter, see EN 13402-1, and EN 13402-3.EN 14878:2007 (E)11 LabellingThis standard does not require labelling of products but in cases where labelling is requested, a label may be provided to indicate the class of fabric from which the garment is manufactured; it shall be in accordance with Annex A.12 Test reportThe test report shall contain at least the following information:a) name of the test laboratory;b) description and identification of the product including any chemical flame retardant treatmentused;c) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 14878:2007;d) results of the tests and the fabric/garment class;e) details of any deviation from given procedure;f) if stapled, how many pieces of fabric comprise the test specimen. If multi-layered fabrics aretested, a description of the arrangement;g) date of test;h) reference to EN 1103 with notation of which edition of EN 1103 was used.9EN 14878:2007 (E)10Annex A (normative) LabellingIf the garment is to be labelled, the label supplied shall contain the following words: WARNING – keep away from fire” in RED letters.Fabric Class A, B, or C (as appropriate)EN 14878.Annex B(informative)Design guidanceB.1 The garment style and design can have a significant effect on the risk of ignition and burning behaviour of garments and the consequent severity of injury to the wearer. Thus, a risk assessment should be undertaken as part of garment design, taking into account factors such as the following:a) close fitting garments are less likely to come into contact with flames and, even when ignited, may burnless rapidly because they trap less air to feed the fire;b) trims, motifs and prints may change the burning characteristics of a garment, potentially reducing thelevel of safety offered by the basic fabric class;c) long, loose sleeves are a potential hazard, for example when cooking;d) full skirts increase the potential for ignition from open fires. They also contribute to the ‘chimney’ effect,increasing the potential burns area, if a garment is ignited. Belts or other forms of waist restriction may reduce this effect.B.2 Where an aspect of design is considered to have a potential impact on the flammability of the garment and injury to the wearer, action should be taken to modify the design.Annex C(informative)A-deviationsA-deviation. National deviations, due to regulations. The alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of CEN/CENELEC members.This European Standard falls under Directive 2001/95/EC – General Product Safety.In the relevant CEN/CENELEC countries these A-deviations are valid instead of the provisions of the European Standard until they have been removed.United Kingdom.The Nightwear (Safety) Regulations 1985 apply to nightwear as defined in Clause 3 of the Regulations. From 1 March 1987, it has been an offence to ‘supply, offer to supply, agree to supply, expose for supply, or possess for supply’ nightwear which does not meet the requirements.Nightwear is tested to assess whether or not it meets the flammability performance requirements which are specified in clauses 3.1.1 and 3.2.1 of British Standard 5722 (BS 5722:1984, Specification for flammability performance of fabrics and fabric assemblies used in sleepwear and dressing gowns).EN 14878, Clause 9, Table 1 specifies the minimum performance criteria for different classes or styles of nightwear. However, for some classes, the criteria are significantly lower than those specified in the UK Regulations.Also EN 14878 subclause 3.1.1 defines babies’ night wear and 3.3 defines babies as “infants up to six months and having a height of up to 68 cm. Article 3 of the UK regulations defines baby’s garment as having a "chest measurement not exceeding 53 centimetres and which would normally be worn only by a child under the age of 3 months”.Furthermore, EN 14878 Clause 7 does not require a cleansing procedure, whereas article 11 of the UK regulations requires nightwear to be washed prior to testing. Details of the washing procedures are provided in subclause 6.5 of BS 5651(BS 5651:1978, Cleansing and wetting procedures for use in the assessment of the effect of cleansing and wetting on the flammability of textile fabrics and fabric assemblies).EN 14878 has optional warnings and labelling as in Annex A, while the UK regulations listed in schedule 2 and 3 provides for specific wording to be used when fabrics are treated with flame retardant chemicalsTherefore, the United Kingdom enters an A-deviation from those parts of EN 14878, which are at variance with the higher requirements of the Nightwear (Safety) Regulations for nightwear, where applicable.To assist the user in understanding, the test method and performance criteria are summarised below:Test method Performance criteria Babies’ nightwear for babies up to age3 monthsEN 14878 As Clause 9, Table 1.Children’s pyjamas and babies over 3 months EN 14878 520 mm trip thread not severed in less than 10 s+ design requirements of EN14878Children’s nightdresses pyjamas andbabies over 3 monthsBS 5722:1984 300 mm trip thread not severed in less than 25 s600 mm trip thread not severed in less than 50 sChildren’s dressing gowns pyjamas andbabies over 3 monthsBS 5722:1984 300 mm trip thread not severed in less than 25 s600 mm trip thread not severed in less than 50 sChildren’s bath robes pyjamas andbabies over 3 monthsEN 14878 520 mm trip thread not severed in less than 15 sBabies and children’s nightwear notlisted aboveEN 14878 As Clause 9, Table 1Bibliography[1] Laitala K et alFire hazards in clothing related to accidents and consumer habits.National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO); Professional Report No. 5-2004[2] Fire Statistics United Kingdom.Fire Statistics Monitor; published annually by Fire Statistics and Research Branch, Health and Safety Directorate. Crown Copyright.[3] ISO/IEC Guide 50:2002 – Safety aspects – Guidelines for child safety.[4] EN 13402-1Size designation of clothes - Part 1: Terms, definitions and body measurement procedure (ISO 3635:1981 modified)[5] EN 13402-3Size designation of clothes - Part 3: Measurements and intervals。