religion and superstition
英汉对比语言学之禁忌语--taboos
Common Features
生老病死
共性特征
Birth, senility, illness and death Tabooed numbers
禁忌数字
Religion and superstition
宗教和迷信
Birth or Death
Pregnancy
怀孕
E: She is expecting.
How are you doing ? What’s going on?
C: “你到哪儿去啊？”
“现在在哪工作啊？”
“你这衣服真好看，在哪买的？”
Harmonics
E: Have no special tபைடு நூலகம்boos
about the harmonics.
C: 伞（散）、分梨（分离）、
四（死）
Causes for taboos
（她在待产中）
C: 她有喜了 E: Pass away…Be in heaven… C: 去世…驾鹤西去…
Death
死亡
Tabooed numbers
E: 5 C: 3 / / 6 4 / 13 / 7
Religion and superstition
E: God / Devil / Christ
禁忌语出现的原因
Social systems
社会制度
Values
价值观念
Customs
风俗习惯
Lifestyle
生活方式
C:牛鬼蛇神、鬼东西
Different Characteristics
差异性特征
Social status and appellation
社会地位和称谓
【SAT 阅读技巧系列之六--排除法】--安心
北京启德教育SAT培训中心安心老师SAT阅读技巧系列之六排除法 （POE）‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐排除法，英文简称POE,全称是Process of elimination。
判定选项的两个方法，一是直接选出正确选项（同义改写，上一章的内容），二是排除错误选项。
那么什么样的选项是错误选项？我们这一章节的重点就是SAT常见的六种错误选项类型，以及两个题型的错误选项类型。
常见六种错误选项类型① 原文单词重组② 与原文相反③ 无中生有④ 概念混淆⑤ 无端比较⑥ 过分绝对两个题型的错误选项类型① 主旨题② 态度语气评价题下面我们主要讲解六种错项选项中的四种和两个题型的错误选项类型。
一、原文单词重组定义：这种错误选项是把原文中的个别单词摘出来，用一种看似很有逻辑的结构组织起来，实际上与原文毫无关系的错误类型。
例题：【OG Test 9 P911】But no matter what anyone may say to the contrary,Black women are different. They’re different fromBlack men and they’re different from White women.It is true that much of what they have experiencedderives from racism and much from sexism. At thesame time, however, much of what Black womenhave experienced and still experience today‐‐badand good‐‐involves the blending of their separateidentities in a way that chemists would call acombination, not just a mixture. Both race and genderare transformed when they are present together, andclass is often present as a catalyst.12. The chemistry metaphor in lines 15‐21 ("At.. catalyst") is used to(A) characterize the challenges faced by some groups of people(B) illustrate the connection between scientific and historical studies of race, class and gender(C) identify the agents for change in a particular social transition(D) suggest the way certain influences interact to produce a unique perspective(E) show the similarities between racism and sexism讲解:正确选项是D，但是同学们往往被选项B所迷惑。
英语论文 探究黑暗中的恶魔——吸血鬼
毕业论文题目：探究黑暗中的恶魔——吸血鬼毕业论文内容：文章对银幕下赋予吸血鬼的特点和弱点进行研究，从宗教以及中国迷信方面解释了最初吸血鬼的形象，并用科学的理论解开了流传多年的吸血鬼诡异行为。
毕业论文起止时间: 2012年7月16日— 2013年6月10日指导教师：职称：副教授评阅人：职称：讲师探究黑暗中的恶魔——吸血鬼摘要吸血鬼，传说中邪恶生物，是大家熟知的西方鬼怪之一，发源于欧洲，在现代主要通过文学和影视传播，越来越多的人怀着既向往又恐惧的心情走近幻想中的吸血鬼。
所以決定要对他们做一番彻底的调查，吸血鬼是怎么来的？它的特点和弱点是什么？为什么吸血鬼会有怪异的行为？我们利用书籍和网络的资源查到了许多资料，这些资料使我们对吸血鬼的了解有许多帮助，就这样我们解決了许多疑问。
但是吸血鬼的神秘真不是这一点点研究就能完全了解透彻的，希望通过对该专题的研究丰富相关的认知。
关键词：吸血鬼；起源；辟邪；弱点；科学解释Explore the Demon of Darkness ---- VampireAbstractVampires, evil creatures in legend, are one of the well-known Western ghosts. They originate in Europe and in modern society they also propagate through literature and film and television. More and more people are so longing for the fantasy of vampire that they decide to do some investigations. Do you want to know the origin about vampires? What are the characteristics of a real vampire? Why the misconception of vampires spread out all over the world? And how explain the strange behavior of vampires? With the benefit of modern technology, we get details which enabled our understanding of the vampire. Whereas the mysterious vampire cannot fully understand by this little bit of researches, we hope to enrich the cognition through the study of the related topic.Key Words: vampire; origin; weakness; apostrophe; scientific theoriesCONTENTSI . Introduction (1)II. Vampire Image in the Film (2)2.1Vampire Weaknesses (2)2.1.1 Inability to Enter a Dwelling without Being First Invited In (3)2.1.2. Inability to Cross Water (3)2.1.3. Daytime coma (3)2.1.4. Light is Destructive (3)2.1.5. Reflection Not Seen in a Mirror (4)2.1.6. Repulsion to holy ground (4)2.2. Apotropaic Objects in the Vampire Film (5)2.2.1. Seeds and grains (5)2.2.2. Religious objects (5)2.2.3. Garlic (6)2.2.4. Stakes (7)2.2.5. Thorns (7)2.2.6. Silver bullets (8)III. Explain the Infinite Image of Vampire with Religion and Superstition (8)3.1 In China (9)3.2 In the West (10)Ⅳ. Reflections on the Vampire Bizarre Behavior (11)4.1 Anemia (12)4.2 Catalepsy (12)4.3 Porphyria (13)4.4 Virus (13)Ⅴ. Conclusion (14)Acknowledgments (16)Bibliography (17)Explore the Demon of Darkness ---- VampireI . IntroductionThroughout the whole mysterious world of demons and monsters, there are no creatures have significant influence and enduring trend than vampires. A vampire is a mythological or folkloric creature that is famous in their blood sucking ability in order to prolong their life and their super strength. These imperishable blood suckers possess a large number of world-wide superstitions, which have different origins and records due to the variety of separated cultures. The term vampires was not popularized until 18th century in Western Europe because of superstitious beliefs and continuously popularized in our present time because of some famous movies and books that were related to vampires attracted us. In 1994, when the Interview of the Vampire released, the beautiful creatures in the film endowed the fascination to audience and became the fundamental materials used by novels and movies. We were fascinated by their special traits, habit, characteristics and ability. But those were just fictional characters and created by the artistic imagination of the authors or the movie makers about vampires. Nowadays, these horrible creatures seem to induce entertainment impact besides causing catastrophe. Moreover, the infatuation of vampires appealed exports and scholars to figure out the origin of vampires and they were eager to seek out the mystery. People of today, when hear the word “vampire”, the first thing they come in their mind is Edward Cullen and any movies that has a vampire appearances or those vampires that they read in a fictional book particularly “The Twilight Saga” by Stephanie Meyer. They don’t have any ideas what is a real human vampire. But do you have any idea what are the characteristics of a real vampire? Do you want to know the origin about them? Why the misconception of vampire spread out all over the world? How to explain the strange behavior of the vampire?All papers take time and energy to produce and this one has been no exception. It first began as an idea about f our years ago when I read Anne Rice’s novel ‘Interview With The Vampire’ and became intrigued by the idea about why Louis, the novel’s central character, opted to become a vampire. Louis could have chosen an ordinary lifefor him: marriage, family, career etc. that most of us recognize and lead in our different ways. But he chose a life of darkness, danger and loneliness. On the face of it this makes no sense at all. Yet the plus side of this life is immortality, excitement, a sense of omnipotence. The perplexing questions have developed a variety of statements and are roughly divided into three branches: the origin, characteristic and scientific theories. To sum up, the purpose of this research paper is referred to the three main explanations of vampires.II. Vampire Image in the FilmVampires are evil creatures with very pale skin and wear capes are believed to live for more than a hundred of years. The word Vampire first appeared in 1730s during the European vampire epidemic. It typically means as a ghost or reanimated corpse returning from their graves to suck the life-forces of sleeping persons. The name was derived from the word "vampir" in Slavonia in the Magyar form. In Russian the word is vapir, in Bulgarian, upier and in Swedish, vampyr. The meaning of the name in most Mediterranean langauges is "vam", meaning blood and "pyr" meaning monster. They commonly live in coffins, but they also live in graves or any dark places and sleep upside down. They are nocturnal, meaning that they are active at night and asleep by day. They have super strengths and they have a special ability to transform into any kinds of animal, particularly into a bat. Most of all, they have long sharp fangs that they use to bite the neck of their victims easily and suck their blood and then the victim instantly turns into a vampire himself.2.1Vampire WeaknessesFortunately for us, vampires have several limitations upon their supernatural powers and existence. The first was their all-consuming craving for blood. Unless a vampire drank approximately one quart of fresh blood every other night, it would weaken and either fall comatose or perish. Some vampires of great power, like Dracula, were able to resist their bloodlust for up to a week before their hunger became unbearable.2.1.1 Inability to Enter a Dwelling without Being First Invited InVampires have a mystical aversion to entering any human dwelling place which they have not been verbally invited. Once invited, they may enter the place anytime thereafter."He may not enter anywhere at first, unless there be some member of the household to bid him to come; though afterwards he can come as he pleases." - Professor Van Helsing in Mina Harker's Journal, Chapter XVIII of Dracula by Bram Stoker2.1.2. Inability to Cross WaterThe vampire may not cross running water, except at the ebb and flow of the tide. He may be carried over or at certain times he may change shape and fly or jump over. This is not to say that they cannot swim, but running or flowing water such as rivers, streams, or waterfalls mystically impede the creature’s ability to swim and stay afloat, causing it to drown and perish. This is but a temporal "death", however. Once a vampire’s body is removed from running water, it will return to "life".2.1.3. Daytime comaMost of vampires fall into a semi-conscious, trance-like state during the daylight hours that keeps them aware of things happening around it. The vampire may only leave its resting place at sunrise, noon or sunset. This is clearly the vampire's time of greatest vulnerability since it is helpless when resting within its coffin. During the daylight hours, the vampire's powers are considerably weakened; although it should be pointed out they are still dangerous and certainly powerful enough to wipe out reckless vampire hunters. Older and more powerful vampires do not require such rest; they only need to avoid direct sunlight. Probably another Stocker’s exaggeration as vampires were known to hide during the day but no description was given about what they were supposed to do during that time.2.1.4. Light is DestructiveIn modern films, vampires are unable to withstand the direct rays of the sun. Direct exposure causes a vampire to completely dehydrate and burst into flames or crumble。
爱默生经典语录英文
爱默生经典语录英文导读：1、人们喜欢猎奇，这就是科学的种子。
People love adventure, this is the seed of science.2、在科学里，嘲笑腐儒，也就类似宗教里的嘲笑迷信。
At pedants in science, also similar to religion at superstition.3、健康是人生第一财富。
Health is the first wealth in life.4、即使断了一条弦，其余的三条弦还是要继续演奏，这就是人生。
Even if there is a broken string, the rest of the three strings still want to continue to play, this is the life.5、坚守简单而高贵的生命，顺从你的心灵，你将可以重新创造出一个全新的精神世界。
Adhere to a simple and noble life, obey your heart, you will be able to re create a new spirit of the world.6、在坟墓的周围，智慧的人看到的不是人的死亡，而是生命的延续和灵魂的重生。
In the tomb, the wise man sees not the death of a man, but the continuation of life and the rebirth of the soul.7、人人都不时地受益于自己的罪薛，就像植物都以粪便为肥料一样。
Every now and then, every man and every man, from time to time, is to benefit from his own sin, as the plants do with manure.8、太生活化了也就没有艺术了。
筷子的历史英文作文
筷子的历史英文作文英文，The History of Chopsticks。
Chopsticks have been an essential part of Asian culture for thousands of years. They are believed to haveoriginated in China and were used for cooking and eating. The first chopsticks were made of bamboo or wood and were simple in design.Over time, chopsticks became more decorative and were made from different materials such as ivory, jade, and metal. In Japan, chopsticks were often used as a status symbol and were decorated with intricate designs.Chopsticks have also played a significant role in religion and superstition. In China, chopsticks were usedin ancestral worship, and it was believed that dropping chopsticks was a bad omen. In Japan, it was considered bad luck to stick chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice, as it resembled incense sticks used in funerals.Today, chopsticks are still widely used in Asian countries and have become a popular utensil in other partsof the world. They are not only functional but also asymbol of Asian culture and cuisine.中文，筷子的历史。
2023年专四阅读真题改革后
PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answer marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE(1) When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker’s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.(2) About ten o’clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear –minus one bite – into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same think kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear.(3) I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “Step in here, please.”(4) I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.(5) Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.(6) You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B said he wouldn’t. Brother A said he couldn’t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.(7) I finally became the pick of them.41. In Para. 1, the phrase “set my feet” probably means ____.A. put me asideB. prepare meC. let me walkD. start my journey42. It can be concluded from Para. 2 that ____.A. the man wanted to maintain dignity though starvedB. the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pear.C. the man did not really want the pear since it was dirtyD. it was very difficult for the man to get the pear43. Compared with Brother A, Brother B was more ____ towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a total stranger.A. neutralB. negativeC. reservedD. positivePASSAGE TWO(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons – that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them.The dove(2) The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3) There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone wasdying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian are, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head.(4) But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.The rainbow(5) The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain.Mistletoe(6) This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(7) The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected you from evil spirits. Tribes would stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church – it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.The olive branch(8) The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.The ankh(9) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.44. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Concept of Peace.B. Popular Peace Symbols.C. Origin of Peace Symbols.D. Cultural Difference of Peace.45. The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT _____.A. SwedenB. GreeceC. FinlandD. China46. In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate_____.A. friendshipB. loveC. kinshipD. honour47. The origin of the ankh can date back to_____.A. the NileB. the “afterworld”C. the hippie movementD. ancient EgyptPASSAGE THREE(1)Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them good citizenship.(2)The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.(3)The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolenc e of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about “workforce”.(4)We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the “nanny” problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumablybecause they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.(5) Maybe so mething useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.(6) On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime bud not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.(7) Not only c an we never find the “perfect” punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment-even the disgrace of being charged with a crime - is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as “I beat it.”(8) So how can you use the system - welfare or criminal justice- to produce the behavior we want? The answer. I suspect is: You can’t.(9) We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people - to make them think and behave the way we do - when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.(10) We will tak e lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we lake proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances we believe we are in control of our lives.(11) And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Workinghard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty arc only the obvious symptoms.(12) I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.(13) All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.(14) If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.48. What is the aut hor’s attitude towards Clinton’s proposal to welfare?A. Pessimistic.B. Optimistic.C. Suspicious.D. Sarcastic.49. It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are _____to the underclass.A. hopelessB. uselessC. frighteningD. humiliating50. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Lawlessness and Poverty.B. Criminal Justice System.C. Welfare Grants.D. Disease of Despair.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. In Para. 4, what does the man mean by saying “I had to bear my trouble”?52. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?PASSAGE TWO53. Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?PASSAGE THREE54. According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?55. What does the author mean by saying “Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives” (Para. 10)?。
高二哲学思考与文化分析英语阅读理解30题
高二哲学思考与文化分析英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Ancient Greek philosophy is one of the most important intellectual achievements in human history. It laid the foundation for much of Western thought and has had a profound impact on modern society.The ancient Greeks were thinkers who questioned everything around them. They sought to understand the nature of the universe, the meaning of life, and the proper way to live. Some of the most famous Greek philosophers include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.Socrates is known for his method of questioning, which he used to challenge people's beliefs and encourage them to think deeply. Plato, Socrates' student, developed a complex theory of forms and believed that the physical world is a mere shadow of a more perfect realm. Aristotle, Plato's student, was a great scientist and philosopher who made important contributions to many fields, including biology, physics, and ethics.The ideas of these philosophers have had a lasting impact on modern society. For example, the concept of democracy, which originated in ancient Greece, is still an important political ideal today. The pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, as advocated by the ancient Greeks, is also a fundamental value in modern education.In addition, ancient Greek philosophy has influenced modern art, literature, and culture. Many works of art and literature draw on themes and ideas from ancient Greek philosophy, and the study of ancient Greek literature is an important part of many educational curriculums.Overall, ancient Greek philosophy continues to be a source of inspiration and intellectual stimulation for people around the world.1. Socrates is famous for his ___.A. theories of formsB. method of questioningC. contributions to scienceD. works of literature答案：B。
英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer to unit 5
IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs引言中文译文本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。
为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。
尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。
戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。
1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。
超心理学、不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。
难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。
2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。
但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。
3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。
他们称第一种方式为镇邪压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。
我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。
当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。
”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。
4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。
我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。
为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。
几乎如此，但并非完全如此。
令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。
5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。
你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。