2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类(A级)
职称英语理工类A级真题2011年
职称英语理工类A级真题2011年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.∙ A. suddenly∙ B. generally∙ C. slightly∙ D. greatly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 划线词词义是“相当大的”。
A项suddenly意为突然地；例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly.突然他开始大声尖叫起来。
B项generally意为一般地；例句：Generally speaking, women live longer than men.一般而言，女人的寿命比男人长。
C项slightly意为轻微地。
例句：He is slightly drunk.他有些醉了。
D项greatly意为大大地；例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester.这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
很明显D项正确。
2.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.∙ A. doubting∙ B. thinking∙ C. saying∙ D. knowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 划线词词义是“说，讲”。
A项doubting意为怀疑；例句：I doubt the truth of it.我怀疑此事的真实性。
B项thinking意为想；例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity.独立思考是绝对必要的。
C项saying意为说；例句：Be quiet, I've something to say to you.安静，我有话要对你们讲。
2011年全国职称英语理工类A及答案
2011年全国职称英语理工类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me ma D.A. tolerateB. generateC. reduceD. measure2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. equalB. immediateC. moderateD. great3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.A. brightB. unclearC. generalD. bad4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A. specialB. privateC. generalD. good5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. pictureB. dangerC. evidenceD. case6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A. doubtB. reliefC. failureD. confusion7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. loveB. surpriseC. angerD. doubt8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energeticB. freeC. physicalD. regular9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. boringB. originalC. humorousD. long10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB. spendC. encourageD. require11.He demolished my argument in minutes.A. supportedB. disprovedC. disputedD. accepted12.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A. closeB. sellC. breakD. combine13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. politeB. usualC. badD. similar14.The project required ten years of diligent research.A. hardworkingB. socialC. basicD. scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A. necessaryB. terribleC. criticalD. normal第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C.California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt （兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology is to be used widely.A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun.Light during daytime and when skies are clear.But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana，"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go. “he says.Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different，revolutionary design，"he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system’s weight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overheating，says Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy in one place，"he says. According to the company's patent，Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out."To meet those needs，we're going to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says.16.Solarpower satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.Spacebased solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Spacebased solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
2011理工类ABC3套题(完整版含答案)
2011年职称英语等级考试真题(理工类A级）第1部分.词汇选项（第1〜15题, 每题1分, 共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线, 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. suddenlyB. generallyC. slightlyD. greatly2. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. knowing3.1 got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. pushingC. notifyingD. inviting4. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and nonpolluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A. causedB. ignoredC. organizedD. received6. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A. reportedB. praisedC. provedD. caught7. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. giveB. attachC. loseD. understand8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A. turningB. jumpingC. shakingD. shouting9. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A. handleB. raiseC. poseD. experience10. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A. spendB. standC. takeD. last11. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relativeB. continuousC. generalD. sharp12. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A. afraidB. anxiousC. sureD. sad13. She always finds fault with everything.A. simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. examines14. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A. happyB. aloneC. busyD. energetic15. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. obviousB. majorC. unclearD. minor第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题, 每题1分, 共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息, 请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择CEarth Rocks onMost of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That’s comforting. But it’s also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates)slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and。
2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类真题及答ABC合集
2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类真题及答ABC合集2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubting Bsaying C thinking D knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语理工类A级考试真题_1
职称英语理工类A级考试真题2011年职称英语考试已于3月26日结束，2011年职称英语理工类A级考试真题Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others（A级）（无换题现象）Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to blockother unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. “However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said. “A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.“Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,” he said. “Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)1. In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，约翰.海斯指出了___________________。
职称英语历年理工类A级真题总汇
2011年职称英语考试理工类A级真题及答案一、词汇选项1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor2. The sea turtle‟s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6.Jane said that she couldn‟t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：1、unclear--- obscure.模糊不清晰的2、greatly –considerably，greatly 意思为adv. 相当地;非常地3、push-- urge催促某人做某事push推;促进;逼迫4、handle—approach 解决问题5、caused ----provoke: 激怒.惹起.驱使，造成6、stand= tolerate 忍受、承受7、energetic---vigorous 精力充沛的有活力的8、shake –tremble 颤抖颤动9、praised ---hail: 招呼.致敬.万岁.向...欢呼10、afraid---- scared 害怕.恐惧11、understand--- grasp 理解，明白12、saying--- remarking 说话，说出13、maintain –assert 主张、声称、断言14、continuous –steady . 稳定的15、criticizes--- finds fault with 挑错，批评二、阅读判断Earth Rocks on16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.---Wrong17. The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.---Right18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.---Not Mentioned19. Scientists once estimated that Earth’s crust started shifting three billion years ago.---Wrong20. It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard. ---Right21. The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago. ---Right22. The Isua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort. ---Not Mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子The IPadThe IPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals（期刊）, movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds （680 grams）, its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 years.The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）. The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览）the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized（同步）by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable.An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.16、Paragraph 2---B17、Paragraph 3---F18、Paragraph 4---D19、Paragraph 5---EA. Differences from IPhoneB. Operating systemC. Online storesD. Features and applicationsE. Business usageF. Display and data connection20、In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was .---B21、The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not .---C22、IPad applications enable the owner’s email accounts to be .---F23、IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be .---DA. increasedB. releasedC. modifiedD. distributedE. browsedF. personalized四、阅读理解第一篇Calculating Crime题干：Which of the following statements about math is true?答案：Few people associate it with finding criminals.题干：People tend to think there is a relationship between答案：the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.题干：O’Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT答案：the locations of police bureaus.题干：O’Leary’s program is different from other similar software in that答案：it uses more math.题干：It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O’Leary答案：will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.第二篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt like Others（理工类教材阅读理解部分第四十五篇）题干：John Hayes pointed out that答案：many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.题干：The fourth paragraph briefly describes答案：how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.题干：It is true that答案：supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.题干：Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because答案：it tastes less bitter.题干：It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is答案：genetically determined.第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, these has been a serious debates about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.What is it that make mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amount of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.题干：People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that答案：they're cheap.题干：The word “detected”in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by答案：discovered.题干：The salesman retired young because答案：he couldn’t remember simple tasks.题干：On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing company答案：hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.题干：The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people答案：to use mobile phones less often.五、补全短文Mt. Desert IslandThe coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. (46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier（冰川）descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons（咸水湖）. The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. (47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. (48)For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate（温带）and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine（高山的）plants. (49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. (50) From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birdsB. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselvesD. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.46. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.47. B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.48. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.49. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.50. E: This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.六、完形填空Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ 1 and are more 1 likly to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS)4．The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976．The research group analysed the 2 result of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army．The study shows a clear link 3 between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of 7 ，"says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular 9 ．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．”By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ．“We have also shown that those youngsters who 12 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance，”says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6 ，physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects．"The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15 ．Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．练习：1．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily2．A answers B works C scores D results3．A behind B between C among D without4．A logical B critical C typical D positive5．A place B game C role D trick6．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment7．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory8．A what B why C how D where9．A exercise B training C strength D movement10．A able B clever C lucky D clear11．A moderate B average C lower D higher12．A ignore B improve C like D determine1 3．A examination B labour C movement D education14．A before B after C without D duringl 5．A marriage B life C residence D service51. carried 52. involved 53. results 54. between 55. logical56. role 57. capacity 58. strength 59. able 60.explain61. improve 62. subject 63. if 64. with 65. likely答案与题解：1．C本文第一句就将主题和盘托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身体健康的年轻人智商也高)。
2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类
2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案理工类DA limitB systemC procedureD status11 She always finds fault with everything.A simplifiesB evaluatesC examinesD criticizes12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificentB generalC traditionalD strong13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB movedC turnedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.16 Scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Globle warming is less threatening to small countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题
2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others（A级）（无换题现象）Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, m more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye andhair color."Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter," he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)1. In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that___________________。
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第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubting Bsaying C thinking D knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Earth Rocks OnMost of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust (地壳) started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were pummeling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal(上地壳) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.16 The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Scientists once estimated that Earth's crust started shifting three billion years ago.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22. The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。