现在分词做定语和状语
现在分词
现在分词现在分词表示：主动，进行。
（一）现在分词的时态现在分词分一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。
常作状语。
一般不做定语，若表达完成意义最好用定语从句。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（二）现在分词的被动式被动一般式being done 一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，被动完成式having been done完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（三）现在分词的否定形式由not+分词构成，Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.四．现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.注：a.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.b.分词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。
(完整版)现在分词的七种用法
现在分词的七种用法（一）作定语1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前.例如：The sleeping boy is Tom。
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。
例如：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise。
= Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise。
3。
现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开.例如:Tom， wearing beautiful clothes， followed me down the hill。
= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes，followed me down the hill.4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。
例如:This is an English-speaking country.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征.如amusing, discouraging， puzzling， refreshing， astonishing，exciting 等。
例如：The story is moving。
(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓"关系。
例如:We all found his equipment interesting. （主表关系)I saw Mary going upstairs then。
（主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V—ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句.例如：Being ill，Mary didn’t come to school yesterday。
现在分词作定语、状语精讲
现在分词作定语、状语精讲I.现在分词作定语1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。
现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。
如：a listening child= a child who is listening,a walking stick= a stick for walking.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。
如：a moving film, a developing country. II.现在分词作状语动词现在分词形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。
句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。
2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。
2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。
1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。
2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. 当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。
如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上when或while。
3).Be careful when crossing the street. 过街时小心。
现在分词的句法功能
现在分词的句法功能现在分词（The Present Participle）具有动词的特征以及形容词或副词的功能，可以作表语、定语、状语或在复合结构中作宾补。
现在分词具有主动意义。
1、现在分词作表语表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词具有主动意义，表示主语的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
要注意区别的是这类词的过去分词说明主语情感心理上的感受。
例如：a. The situation is encouraging. 形势很使人鼓舞。
She is greatly encouraged. 她深受鼓舞。
b. The food smells inviting. 这个才真诱人。
I don’t feel invited to enter such an ugly building. 我没有欲望进这么难看的建筑。
最常这样用的分词有：amazing / amazed，astonishing / astonished，surprising / surprised，encouraging / encouraged，confusing / confused，disappointing / disappointed，exciting / excited，interesting / interested，puzzling / puzzled，shocking / shocked，worrying / worried，tiring / tired，satisfying / satisfied2、现在分词作定语1）上述表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词可以作前置定语，仍然表示它所修饰的名词的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。
它们与对应的过去分词作定语的区别同上。
He told us the disappointing news. 他告诉我们那令人失望的消息。
The amusing story set the amused audience laughed all the time. 令人捧腹的故事令感到好笑的观众大笑不止。
现在分词
（主补） Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy. （状语）
一、 现在分词做定语
1. a running man
2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.
3. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.
c c i
二. 现在分词做补语
1. We saw some students playing _______(play) basketball on the playground.
2.We noticed a lot of waiting people_________ (wait) to enter the stadium.
V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、 结果、条件、伴随 、让步等状语。
1. 作时间状语
-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起 来。
6. 作让步状语
-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与 even if, though 连用。如：
Though working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还 是挣不到足够的吃的。
现在分词短语的用法及例句
现在分词短语的用法及例句现在分词短语是英语中的一种非常常见的语法结构。
它通常由一个现在分词（-ing形式）和它所修饰的动词、名词或代词组成。
现在分词短语可以表示形容词、副词或介词短语的作用，用于修饰主语或谓语，并使句子更加生动、具有描述性和动态。
1. 现在分词作定语现在分词短语作为定语修饰名词或代词时，可以表示一个正在进行的动作或状态。
例句：- The running man is my brother.（奔跑的人是我的兄弟。
）- I saw the blushing girl in the hallway.（我在走廊上看到了脸红的女孩。
）- The singing birds woke me up this morning.（唱着歌的鸟儿今天早晨把我吵醒了。
）2. 现在分词作状语现在分词短语作为状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式等。
例句：- He watched TV all night, feeling bored.（他整晚都在看电视，感觉无聊。
）（表示原因）- Driving carefully, you can avoid accidents.（开车小心些，你就能避免事故。
）（表示方式）- Being a fluent speaker of English, he can communicate with anyone around the world.（他是一位英语流畅的演讲者，能够与世界各地的人沟通。
）（表示身份）例句：- I found the essay very interesting.（我觉得这篇文章非常有趣。
）- They kept the room clean and tidy.（他们保持房间的清洁整洁。
）现在分词短语可以用来表达各种各样的语法意义，在英语写作中非常常用。
熟练掌握现在分词短语的用法和性质，可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的想法。
1. 现在分词作条件状语当现在分词短语与 if 或 when 连用时，可以表示一个条件或情况。
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解一、现在分词的基本概念现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，用来表示正在进行或同时发生的动作。
它以-ing结尾，可以在句子中充当主语、定语、状语和表语等，具有一定的时态特征。
二、作主语现在分词作主语时，常用来表示习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。
例1：Running is good for your health.（跑步对身体有益）例2：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动）三、作定语现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，起到形容词作用。
它通常位于被修饰名词之前。
例3：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿吵醒了整个社区）例4：She handed me a written report.（她递给我一份书面报告）四、作状语现在分词作状语时，可以说明动作发生的时间、原因、方式等。
4.1 表示时间：例5：While waiting for the bus, he read a book.（他边等车边读书）例6：Listening to music, I fell asleep quickly.（听音乐时，我很快入睡了）4.2 表示原因：例7：Being tired, she decided to take a break.（她觉得累了，决定休息一会儿）例8：Not having enough money, he couldn't afford the new phone.（因为没有足够的钱，他买不起新手机）4.3 表示方式：例9：He won the race by running fast.（他通过跑得快赢得了比赛）例10：She improved her English by studying hard.（她通过努力学习改善了自己的英语）五、作表语现在分词可以充当表语，与系动词连用，说明主语的状态或特征。
现在分词做定语表语宾补和状语
We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting.
千万不能让他们等。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的 有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
1).Using your head, you’ll find a good way. succeed.
条件状语
If you work hard
If you use your head
Working hard, you’ll surely
Because he was poor
2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford a
Grammar Revision--- The V-ing form as the Attribute, Predicative, Object Complement and Adverbial 现在分词做定语、表语、宾补 和状语的用法
V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, V-ing 可以带宾语或 状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时
2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set,
keep, get, catch, leave等。如： I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again.
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(4) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons... (5) 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损 失。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this...
a drawing board
a sewing machine a swimming pool a waiting room a dining car a driving permit
画板 缝纫机 游泳池 候车室 餐车 驾驶许可证
② 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思
上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动
(13北京)24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
（13四川）8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not B. C. Not known D. Known not
closed.
13. （10天津12） It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
the coming week
30.（10浙江20） The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 13. (09江西34) The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
2. European football is played in 80 countries,
___ A it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
3. He rushed to the train station, only ____ D the train had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find
动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方 式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、 条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随 情况状语时常位于句末。 (1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. (= After we have made full preparations...)
Choose the best answers (2013北京）24. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found （2013湖南）25. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed
3. The Transrapid Maglev is the world’s first high-speed train using magnetic levitated technology. using magnetic levitated technology是现在分词 作定语。 比较： Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes. Travelling at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour 是现在分词短语在句子中作状语。
解析：
Making it the popular sport in the world 为现 在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在 句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示 突然，出乎意料。如：His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
He rushed to the post office only to find it wasຫໍສະໝຸດ a barking dog
狂吠的狗
a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险
a sleeping baby
boiling water
熟睡的婴儿 正在沸腾的水 逐渐衰退的视力 落日 下一周
failing sight
the setting sun
(13天津）10. In some languages,100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. A. using B. to use B. C. having used D. used
（13陕西）14. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
(6) 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相
当于一个并列结构。
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = ...and stared at the sky for a long time.
现在分词短语用作状语时，可以表示伴随、时间、条件、 原因、方式和结果等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主 语是句子的主语，它们之间为主谓关系。
10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具 有两种含义: ① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method of working 工作 方法 a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖
(2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
(3) 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
（2013北京）32. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded （2013湖南） 31. ________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are
developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks