2019英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案(4)

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2019年大学英语六级模拟题及答案(四)

2019年大学英语六级模拟题及答案(四)

2019年大学英语六级模拟题及答案(四)Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:When Kathie Gifford's face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal martclothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in NewYork City's Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the WhiteHouse teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton's administration launched the "No Sweat" campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers tosubmit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the WorkplaceCode of Conduct, a promise to self瞨egulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of thenation's largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billiongarment business that would make it the country's 14thlargest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code ofConduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sectorsweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federalcontractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety andhealth codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer瞗inanced contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, thedepartment has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. "I just assume that they are adhering tosafety and health requirements," she says. According torecords obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with?A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America.B)A serious problem threatening American economy.C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City's ChinatownB) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City's ChinatownC) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City's ChinatownD) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers23.The underlined phrase "to submit to" is closest in meaning to ____.A) to accept unwillinglyB) to refuse coldlyC) to welcome warm heartedlyD) to blame strongly24.Which of the following statements about the Departmentof Defense is true?A) It will become the country's 14th largest retailapparel manufacturer.B) It hasn't acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor tolaunch a campaign.25.What was the purpose of President Clinton's administration launching the "No Sweat" campaign?A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct.B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct.C) To urge the Department of Labor to take itsresponsibility.D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of thetruly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates.But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, hispart瞭ime receptionist wife and their three children, to thesingle Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs aportfolio.A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets.It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, preciousmetals and even artworks. But those are for people withexpertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks,bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money瞞arket funds).How do you decide what part of your portfolio should goto each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stockspay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash paylower returns but are less risky.Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows thatlarge瞔ompany stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percentannually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.But short瞭erm risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won't pay you back and that the money you'll getwon't be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But theinflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing inten years. If inflation averages about seven percent overthat time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can onlybuy $500 worth of today's goods.With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don't need the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. If you need it soon, put itinto bonds and cash.26.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.A) how to avoid inflation risksB) what kinds of bonds to buyC) how to get rich by investing in stock marketD) how to become richer by spreading the risk27.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.A) they are examples for us on our road to wealthB) a portfolio is essential to financial successC) they are really rich peopleD) they started out on their own28.Which of the following statements will the author support?A) Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.B) The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.C) It's no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.D) Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.29.The word "returns" in paragraph three can be best replaced by "____."A) returning journeysB) profitsC) savingsD) investments30.The author of the passage points out that ____.A) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risksB) the longer you own a stock, the more you lostC) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexistin stocksD) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks Part ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked. A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41.Since the most commonly accepted test is the TOEFL exam, most institutions will expect a ____ TOEFL score for admission.A) minimal B) maximalC) mimimum D) maximum42.It was believed that his death ____ with the robberyof the bank downtown.A) accompanied B) coincidedC) correlated D) conformed43.Does Emerson find his career full and ____ as a basketball player?A) conflicting B) charming C) rewarding D) awarding44.The local government gave the first ____ to education after the war.A) projection B) protection C) profession D) priority45.The professor ____ his habit of getting up early inthe morning to do writing all his life.A) projection B) retained C) retailed D) revitalized46.The news of our team winning the match was really ____, and millions of people came out to celebrate the victory.A) overwhelming B) accelerating C) prompting D) preceding47.What the government should do urgently is to take actions to ____ the economy.A) brook B) blush C) boost D) brood48.The explosion in the mine was ____ by a careless miner who lit a match.A) triggered B) claimed C) hampered D) protested49.The mass newspaper depended significantly more on advertising ____ than did their predecessors.A) revenues B) incomes C) avenues D) outcomes50.Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally ____, and still others are rare on the earth.A) attributed B) distributed C) contributed D) scattered51.The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign play is being performed is ____ translation.A) instantaneous B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) homogeneous52.The hostess ____ in the contract that the rent shouldbe paid in cash at the beginning of each month.A) assumed B) submitted C) exposed D) specified53.This year, the number of accidents has ____ that oflast year.A) overtaken B) overweighed C) overcome D) overshadowed54.You must ____ yourself or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.A) assess B) assert C) maintain D) promote55.While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed ____ in China's particular situation.A) available B) feasible C)resolvable D) presumable56.A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.A) transmit B) transfer C) convey D) communicate57.If you keep on taking on more work than you can do, your health will ____.A) decline B) degrade C) degenerate D) deteriorate58.The director tried to wave aside these issues as ____ details that would be settled later.A) preliminary B) primary C) trivial D) alternative59.As one of the youngest professors in the university,Miss King is certainly on the ____ of a brilliant career.A) end B) edge C) threshold D) course60.During the famine of 1943, millions of peasants ____to the cities because they could not make a living in the countryside.A) immigrated B) emigrated C) migrated D) generated61.I'm sorry to inform you that you application has been declined. Our manager thought you were not ____ for the post.A) legible B) eligible C) valid D) literate62.Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learnthat newspapers there have such a large ____.A) issue B) distribution C) coverage D) circulation63.This line was carrying equal number of eastbound and westbound trains, and they ____ regularly.A) altered B) alternated C) switched D) exchanged64.The three astronauts have splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, only six miles from the aircraft carrier that was ____for the recovery mission.A) dispatched B) deposited C) deployed D) delivered65.Pubs have fanciful names like "The Red Lion" or "The Pig and Whistle" and they often have picutre on a signboard outside to ____ the name.A) justify B) illustrate C) modify D) clarify66.There are two main requirements before the fifth generation computer can become a reality and it is these that scientists are ____.A) anticipating B) tackling C) manipulating D)speculating67.College students in this city have set up "the Cleaner Air Society" to help urban citizens become aware of the ____to our environment.A) conditions B) situations C) dangers D) threats68.When you get a minor burn, pour some cold water on it, which will help____ the pain of the burn.A) relieve B) relax C) reveal D) release69.The library published a colletion of books recently made ____ to the public.A) acceptable B) accessible C) accommodable D) accountable70.For 14 years after her spouse's death, she saw the____ meaning of her life as nourishing her son and safeguarding her husband's works.A) due B) lone C) sole D) keenPart ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Cope with Personal Crisis.You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:How to Deal with Personal Crisis1.造成个人危机的起因。

2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题与参考答案(全三套)

2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题与参考答案(全三套)

2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说,知识能改变命运。

2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案【含解析】

2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案【含解析】

2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案【含解析】今年的六级阅读难度和去年12月份的难度持平Passage OneProfessor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI)will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity ”,and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the futu re of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species”.Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Center for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI)at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which,let’s face it ,is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge”, he said, “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AL. Perhaps with the tools of this newtechnological revolution, we be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one—Industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our civilisation.”Huw Price, the c entre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University , where Hawking is also an academic ,said that the centre came about partially as a result if the university’s Center for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions .As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting.” She said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressedtheir concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?A) They are much influenced by the academic community.B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.【参考答案】BCADC46. B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.47. C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.48. A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.49. D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50. C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.定位一直是我们在新东方的课堂上,反复强调的做对题目的第一步。

2019年12月大学英语六级考试阅读模拟题及答案4

2019年12月大学英语六级考试阅读模拟题及答案4

2019年12月大学英语六级考试阅读模拟题及答案4Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country,they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant work ethic, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them; they are what they do. What happens, then when a person can no longer work?Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retireesoften feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatever it is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to usetheir time or they feel lost without jobs.Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices areincreasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcingprices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior citizens have to change their lifestylesafter retirement. They have to spend carefully to be surethat they can afford to but food, fuel, and other necessities.Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many opportunities for retirees.Americans society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problemof limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must respond to their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.1.The early immigrants considered work ___.A.too hardB.importantC.pleasantD.dull2.Why do Americans like working? Because working ___.A.doesn’t only mean money but it is also psychologicalB.can make life more comfortableC.can prove people to be independentD.gives people funny3.We can safely put forward that retirees who ___.A.have no financial problems still want to earn more moneyB.have financial problems still feel lostC.have no financial problems still feel lostD.have no financial problems feels it’s hard to make ends meet4.According to the passage the government ___.A.hadn’t paid attention to the retirees’ problemsB.has already solved a lot of retirees’ problemsC.has just begun to pay attention to the retirees’ problemsD.won’t pay attention to the retirees’ problems5.Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens by the government?A.New housing has been built.B.The old are offered discounts in stores.C.Senior citizens are provided free courses, food service.D.None.答案:BACCD。

2019英语六级模拟试卷:阅读4

2019英语六级模拟试卷:阅读4

2019英语六级模拟试卷:阅读4Passage FourIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog9(轮齿)in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped (播送的) music, an d by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machinesand bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. (74) They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or tofall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matterof self-respect. When they apply for their first job, theyare tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixtureof submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise capitalism"? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from abureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" (Para. 1) the author intends to render the idea that man is _____.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible.B. working in complete harmony with the rest of societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly.D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly37. They real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _____.A. they are likely to those their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their individuality and independence38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness oflife belongs to those _____.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher up in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _____.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for granted40. The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of _____.A. approvalB. dissatisfactionC. suspicionD. tolerance。

2019六级长篇阅读匹配练习题及答案(四)

2019六级长篇阅读匹配练习题及答案(四)

2019 六级长篇阅读匹配练习题及答案(四)Section BHow "Second Brain" Influences Mood and Well-Being [A] As Olympians go for the gold in Vancouver, even the steeliest are likely to experience that familiar feeling of "butterflies" in the stomach. Underlying this sensation is an ofte n-o verlooked n etwork of neurons (神经元)li ning our guts that is so extensive some scientists have nicknamed it our "second brain". A deeper understanding of this mass of neural tissue is revealing that it does much more than merely handle digestion or inflict the occasional nervous pang. The little brain in our gut, in connection with the big one in our head, partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body.[B]Although its influence is far-reaching, the second brain is not the seat of any conscious thoughts or decision-making. "The second brain doesn't help with the great thought processes ... religion, philosophy and poetry is left to the brain in the head," says Michael Gershon, chairman of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, author of the 1998 book The Second Brain.[C]Technically known as the enteric (肠内的)nervous system, the second brain consists of covers of neurons embedded in the walls of the long tube of our gut, which measures about nine meters end to end. The second brain contains some 100 million neurons, Gershon says. This multitude of neurons in the enteric nervous system enables us to "feel" the innerworld of our gut and its contents. Much of this neural firepower comes to bear in the elaborate daily grind of digestion. Breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling of waste requires chemical processing, mechanical mixing and rhythmic musclecontractions that move everything on down the line.[D]Thus equipped with its own reactions and senses, the second brain can control gut behavior independently of the brain, Gershon says. We likely evolved this intricate web of nerves to perform digestion and ejection "on site," rather than remotely from our brains through the middleman of the spinal cord (脊髓). "The brain in the head doesn't need to get its hands dirty with the messy business of digestion, which is delegated to the brain in the gut," Gershon says. He and other researchers explain, however, that the second brain's complexity likely cannot be interpreted through this process alone.[E] "The system is way too complicated to have evolved only to make sure things move out of your bowel," says Emeran Mayer, professor of physiology, psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles ( U. C. L. A. ). For example, scientists were shocked to learn that about 90 percent of the fibers in the primary gut nerve, the vagus (走神经), carry information from the gut to the brain and not the other way around. "Some of that information is decidedly unpleasant," Gershon says.[F]The second brain informs our state of mind in other more obscure ways, as well. "A big part of our emotions are probably influenced by the nerves in our gut," Mayer says. Butterflies in the stomach-signaling in the gut as part of our physiological stress response, Gershon says--is but one example. Although gastrointestinal (肠胃)(GI)chaos can sour one's moods, everyday emotional well-being may rely on messages from the brain below to the brain above. For example, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve-a useful treatment for depression-may mimic thesesignals, Gershon says.[G]Given the two brains' commonalities, other depression treatments that target the mind can unintentionally impact the gut. The enteric nervous system uses more than 30 neurotransmitters,just like the brain, and in fact 95 p erce nt of the body's serot onin (血清素)is found in the bowels.Because antidepressant medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (选择性无羟色胺再摄取抑制剂)(SSRIs)increase serotonin levels, it's little wonder that reeds (椎间盘镜)meant to cause chemical changes in the mind often provoke GI issues as a side effect. Irritable bowel syndrome-which afflicts more than two million Americans-also arises in part from too much serotonin in our guts, and could perhaps be regarded as a "mental illness" of the second brain.[H]Scientists are learning that the serotonin made by the enteric nervous system might also play a role in more surprisingdiseases : In a new Nature Medicine study published online February 7, a drug that inhibited the release of serotonin from the gut counteracted the bonedeteriorating disease osteoporosis (骨质疏松症). "It wastotally unexpected that the gut would regulate bone mass to the extent that one could use this regulation to cure osteoporosis," says Gerard Karsenty, lead author of the study and chair of the Department of Genetics and Development at Columbia University Medical Center.[I]S erotonin penetrating from the second brain might even play some part in autism (孤独症), the developmental disorder often first noticed in early childhood. Gershon has discovered thatthe same genes involved in synapse formation (突触形成)between neurons in the brain are involved in the digestive synapse formation. "of these genes are affected in autism," he says, "it could explain why so many kids with autism have GI motor abnormalities in addition to elevated levels of gut-produced serotonin in their blood. "[J]Down the road, the blossoming field of neurogastroenterologywill likely offer some new insight into the workings of the second brain-and its impact on the body and mind." We have never systematically looked at the enteric nervous system in relating damages in it to diseases like they have for the central nervous system", Gershon says. One day, perhaps there will be well-known connections between diseases and damages in the gut's nervous system as some in the brain and spinal cord today indicate multiple sclerosis.[K] Cutting-edge research is currently investigating how the second brain mediates the body's immune response; after all, at least 70 percent of our immune system is aimed at the gut to expel and kill foreign invaders. U. C. L. A. 's Mayer is doing work on how the trillions of bacteria in the gut "communicate" with enteric nervous system cells (which they greatly outnumber). His work with the enteric nervous system has led him to think that in coming years psychiatry will need to expand to treat the second brain inaddition to the one above the shoulders.[L] So for those physically skilled and mentally strong enough to compete in the Olympic Games-as well as those watching at home-it may well necessary for us all to pay more heed to our so-called "gut feelings" in the future.46. The second brain does not deal with the activities of advancedthinking.47. Some scientists have called the network of neurons in guts "second brain".48. Apart from elevated levels of gut-produced serotonin in their blood, children with autism are believed to have GI disorder.49. Meds often provoke GI issues as a side effect in that SSRIs increase serotonin levels.50. The author suggested that athletes in the Olympics and audience should pay more attention to gut feelings.51. Cutting-edge research is now focusing on the way the second brain adjusts the body's immune response.52. Many of our emotions may be brought about by the second brain.53.The second brain with its own reactions and senses is certain to give direction to gut system independently.54.It will soon be necessary for psychiatry to treat both the brain in the head and the second brain.55.The second brain enables us to feel the inner world of our body through multitude of neurons.。

2019年六级考试阅读练习题(4)

2019年六级考试阅读练习题(4)

2019年六级考试阅读练习题(4)Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can't be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The bodyis like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate(激活) the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, theywill feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on yourability to have fun.21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that______.A. very old people enjoy living with their relativesB. social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean22. Some social workers think that______.A. health and safety are more important than personal freedomB. personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC. old people should keep their rooms cleanD. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people23. In the author's opinion, ______.A. the human body can't be compared to a carB. the older a person, the more care he needsC. too much emphasis has been put on old people's valuesD. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people24. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to______.A. the conclusion you have come toB. your talk to the old peopleC. whether age is happy or unpleasantD. one's money or one's health25. The author thinks that______.A. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctorsB. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death答案:21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C。

大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(4).doc

大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(4).doc

2019年大学英语六级阅读模拟试题(4)Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that thethreatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide managementplan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species,Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.1. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners2.The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies3.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations4.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states5.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge参考答案及解析1 .A its drastically decreased population解析:此题是原因细节题。

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2019英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案(4)
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.
To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don't quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.
The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the "ingeneration".
"The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i',
which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me'. My music choices are defined to ' me'. What I watch on TV any instant is defi ned to ‘me'. " He says the iGeneration includes
today's teens and middle-school ers, but it's too soon to
tell about elementary-school ages and younger.
Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."
They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires."
Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from
their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned.
Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development. "
Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly.
"The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step
with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think," Rosen says.
"We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "
56. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids
A.communicate with others by high-tech methods continually
B.prefer to live a virtual life than a real one
C.are equipped with more modem digital techniques
D.know more on technology than their elders
57. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?
A.Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.
B.Because this generation stresses on an individualized
style of life.
C.Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.
D.Because it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.
58. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?
A.This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.。

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