国际经济学(双语)国际贸易
国际经济学英文课件(萨尔瓦多第十版)ch

International investment and multinational corporations
International investment environment
Political environment: stability, policies, and regulations that affect foreign investment.
New trade theory departs from the assumption of perfect competition and focuses on the role of increasing returns to scale and monopolistic competition.
Classical trade theory posits that specialization in production based on comparative advantage results in increased production and consumption in all countries.
关税是一种税收,由政府对进口商品征收,以增加进口成本并保护国内产业。
关税定义
关税种类
关税作用
包括基本关税、附加关税、反倾销关税和报复性关税等。
通过提高进口商品价格,降低国内市场的竞争压力,保护国内产业和就业。
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02
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出口补贴是指政府给予出口企业的财政补贴,以降低出口成本,增加出口量。
出口补贴定义
Balance of trade
The balance of trade is a crucial component of the international balance of payments. It measures the value of a country's exports minus the value of its imports. A positive balance of trade indicates that a country is exporting more goods and services than it is importing, while a negative balance of trade indicates the opposite.
国际经济与贸易(双语)-教学大纲

《国际经济与贸易》教学大纲课程编号:112602B课程类型:□通识教育必修课□通识教育选修课□专业必修课√专业选修课□学科基础课总学时:32 讲课学时: 32学分:2适用对象:金融学(国际金融英文班)先修课程:经济学、金融学一、教学目标本课程的主要目标:本门课程的教学,旨在使学生了解和掌握《国际经济学》中的主要理论和研究方法,并能灵活运用所学的理论和方法研究和分析国际经济领域的问题和现象,认识现象和问题的本质属性。
Through the teaching of this course, students should know and seize the major theories and inquisitive method of the international economics. Meanwhile, students should be able to research and analyze some problem and phenomena and understand the substantial properties in the field of international economy according to the theories and methods studied in this course.二、教学内容及其与毕业要求的对应关系要求学生掌握国际贸易基本理论、基本知识,了解当代国际贸易的热点问题及发展趋势,把握国际贸易理论研究前沿。
学完本课程后,应达到以下基本要求:1、了解国际贸易理论前沿和发展状况,能够理解和掌握国际贸易基本概念、历史、理论、政策、新趋势和新实践等基本知识,掌握国际贸易基本方法和基本知识;2、了解国际贸易实践,通过案例教学把握国际贸易的实际情况,能够理论联系实际解决问题,具有分析和解决国际贸易实际问题的能力和研究、分析和编写报告的能力;3、使学生能够运用所学知识,正确分析和解释国际贸易问题与现象。
国际贸易实务双语教程

国际贸易实务双语教程第一章:国际贸易概述1.1 什么是国际贸易国际贸易是指不同国家和地区之间进行的商品和服务的交流与交易活动。
它是全球经济发展的重要组成部分,促进了各国之间的合作与发展。
1.2 国际贸易的重要性国际贸易为各国提供了更多的选择和机会,促进了资源的合理配置和优化利用。
它可以推动经济增长、创造就业机会,提高人民生活水平,并促进各国之间的和平与稳定。
1.3 国际贸易的主体国际贸易的主体包括国家、企业和个人。
国家通过制定贸易政策和法规来引导和管理国际贸易活动,企业和个人则通过进出口、外贸合作等方式参与国际贸易。
第二章:国际贸易的基本原则2.1 自由贸易原则自由贸易原则是国际贸易的基石,主张各国在贸易活动中自由、平等地开展合作,避免设置不合理的贸易壁垒和限制措施。
2.2 最惠国待遇最惠国待遇是指各国之间在关税和非关税措施方面享受相互对待的待遇。
即一国对某一国家给予的优惠待遇应当同样适用于其他所有成员国。
2.3 国民待遇原则国民待遇原则要求各国对本国产品和外国产品一视同仁,不对外国产品设置额外的贸易壁垒或歧视性规定。
第三章:国际贸易的主要方式3.1 进口和出口贸易进口贸易是指国家从其他国家购买商品和服务,出口贸易是指国家向其他国家销售商品和服务。
进出口贸易是国际贸易的主要方式。
3.2 外商直接投资外商直接投资是指一个国家的企业或个人在其他国家投资并经营企业。
它可以带来资金、技术和管理经验的引进,促进经济发展和产业升级。
3.3 跨国公司合作跨国公司合作是指不同国家的企业通过合资、合作等方式共同开展经营活动。
它可以整合各方资源,提高竞争力,实现共赢发展。
第四章:国际贸易的相关政策和机构4.1 贸易政策贸易政策是国家为了调整和管理国际贸易活动而采取的政策措施。
包括关税政策、非关税壁垒、贸易协定等。
4.2 关贸总协定(GATT)与世界贸易组织(WTO)关贸总协定是国际贸易领域的多边协议,旨在促进贸易自由化和公平竞争。
2021国际贸易实务双语教程最新PPT资料

3) What should the two countries specialize in?
• Americans have an absolute advantage in producing both cars and computers.
Definition (P1) 由于这种贸易有时候并不直接与其他生产相联系,故在兴旺资本主义国家有人称之为“商业性〞补偿贸易。
非关税壁垒
Stuart and other economists in the 19th Cultural differences 文化差异问题(P5)
Merchandise Exports and Imports
trade surplus (贸易出超) occurs when the actions (反对行动) taken by the importing
century〕 比较优势理论
Question: 首次进口的一方用于支付进口货款的商品,不是由进口物质直接生产出来的产品,而是双方商定的其他商品,即间接产品。
国际贸易实务双语教程
Chapter 1 A brief introduction to
international trade
Definition (P1)
• International trade, also called world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and / or services across national boundaries.
国际经济学第二部分国际贸易政策

贸易政策与产业结构调整
贸易政策可以影响产业结构调整和升级。通过关税、配 额等手段,政府可以保护幼稚产业,促进产业升级和技 术创新。
最优贸易政策
最优贸易政策的理论探讨
最优贸易政策是指在一定条件下实现国家利益最大化的贸易政策。理论探讨包括比较优 势理论、竞争优势理论、战略性贸易政策等。
最优贸易政策的实践应用
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贸易保护政策可能导致国内生产要素价格上升,增 加企业生产成本,从而降低国内生产规模。
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自由贸易政策有助于降低企业生产成本,扩大市场 份额,促进企业规模经济和专业化分工。
贸易政策的产业结构效应
01 贸易政策通过影响比较优势和资源分配,进而影 响产业结构。
02 贸易保护政策可能保护夕阳产业,但同时也限制 了新兴产业的发展和比较优势的发挥。
各国在实践中根据自身国情和发展阶段制定最优贸易政策。发达国家通常采取自由贸易 政策,促进国际贸易和投资;发展中国家则可能采取适度保护的贸易政策,以促进经济
发展和产业升级。
05 贸易政策与实践
世界贸易组织的运行机制与规则
世界贸易组织的宗旨
推动自由贸易,促进全球经济繁荣和发展。
世界贸易组织的运行机制
详细描述
规模经济与国际贸易理论解释了为什么一些国家在出口某一产品时具有规模经济效应,从而在国际市场上获得竞 争优势。这种理论强调了生产规模和专业化生产对降低成本、提高产品质量和国际竞争力的影响。
产品生命周期与国际贸易
总结词
产品生命周期与国际贸易理论认为产品 在不同生命周期阶段需要不同的生产要 素和市场条件,这导致了国际贸易格局 的变化。
VS
详细描述
产品生命周期与国际贸易理论由美国经济 学家弗农提出,他认为产品从研发、生产 、成熟到衰退会经历不同的阶段,每个阶 段需要不同的生产要素和市场条件。因此 ,随着产品生命周期的变化,国际贸易的 格局也会发生变化。
国际贸易理论双语1PPT课件

is a case about globalization of marken of production
The election of the producation location:
(1) commodities such as raw materials. (2) industrial products such as
microprocessors. (3) the markets for computer software. 3. The globalization of markets for financial
2. WTO(World Trade Organization)
3. IMF(International Monetary Fund)
4. World Bank 5. UN(United States)
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The globalization of production: it refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost anf quality of factors of production.
1. near the soucing location; 2. near the market location; 3. near the location where there are
more favorable policies. 4. near the location which is with
《国际经济学(双语)》(黄敏主编复旦大学出版社)讲义第7章

7.3 Balance of Payments Approach
e S’
e1
E1
S
e0
E0
D’ e in P will cause an appreciation of real exchange rate, reduce the competitiveness of home products, decrease exports and the supply of foreign exchange, increase imports and the demand for foreign exchange, and worsen the balance of payments, resulting in a depreciation of domestic currency.
The current account is mainly determined by exports and imports.
C A C A (Y ,Y * ,P ,P * ,e )
The capital and financial account is mainly determined by home interest rate r, foreign interest rate r* and the expectation of future exchange rate.
period.
e1
P1 P1*
P0 P0*
e0
国贸双语教程知识点总结

国贸双语教程知识点总结国贸双语教程(GuoMao Bilingual Tutorial)是一门帮助学习者掌握国际贸易知识和提高英语水平的课程。
本教程包括了从基本的贸易概念到高级的国际商务策略的全面内容,并且提供了大量的双语教学材料,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握所学知识。
教程内容国贸双语教程的内容涵盖了国际贸易的方方面面,包括但不限于贸易原理、国际商务法律、跨境电商、跨文化交流等内容。
教程将英语和中文结合起来,为学习者提供双语学习的机会,使他们不仅能够掌握国际贸易的知识,还能够提高自己的英语水平。
教程重点在国贸双语教程中,我们重点介绍了以下几个方面的内容:1. 贸易原理:教学者将从国际贸易的基本概念开始,介绍贸易的基本原理、运作机制和各种商业术语,使学习者对国际贸易有一个清晰的认识。
2. 国际商务法律:作为国际贸易的重要组成部分,法律知识在实践中起着至关重要的作用。
我们将介绍国际商务法律的基本原则和实际应用技巧,帮助学习者了解国际贸易中的法律风险和规避方法。
3. 跨境电商:随着互联网的普及和全球市场的开放,跨境电商已成为了国际贸易的重要形式之一。
我们将介绍跨境电商的发展趋势、运作模式和营销策略,帮助学习者了解电商领域的最新动态和发展趋势。
4. 跨文化交流:在国际贸易中,跨文化交流能力是非常重要的。
我们将介绍跨文化交流的基本原则和技巧,帮助学习者提高自己的跨文化沟通能力,更好地适应国际商务环境。
教程特色国贸双语教程具有以下几个特色:1. 双语教学:教程使用英语和中文结合的方式进行教学,帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握所学知识。
2. 实操案例:除了理论知识外,教程还包括大量的实操案例,帮助学习者将所学知识应用到实践中,提高他们的实际操作能力。
3. 互动教学:教程采用交互式教学模式,鼓励学习者参与讨论和互动,促进学习者之间的知识交流和思想碰撞。
结语国贸双语教程旨在帮助学习者掌握国际贸易知识和提高英语水平,为他们在国际商务领域取得更大的成功奠定基础。
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By Robert J. Carbaugh 9th Ednternational Economy
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS Agglomeration economies Economic interdependence Law of comparative advantage
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
2
CONTENT
Introduction----economic interdependence Globalization of economic activity Waves of globalization The U.S. as an open economy Why is globalization important Common fallacies of international trade What makes a company “American”? International competitiveness Has globalization gone too far?
Foreign ownership of US financial assets has risen, the United States had become a net borrower from the rest of the world to pay for the difference. In commercial banking, US banks developed worldwide branch networks in the 1960s and 1970s for loans, payments, and foreign exchange trading. Foreign banks also increased their presence in the United States throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. US securities firms have also globalized their operations.
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Ⅳ The U.S. as an open economy
Exports of goods and services as percent of Gross Domestic Product, 2001
Country
Netherlands Norway South Korea Canada Germany France United Kingdom Mexico United States Japan
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Ⅵ Common fallacies of international trade
• International trade is a zero-sum activity. • Imports reduce employment and act as a drag on the economy, while exports promote growth and employment. • Tariffs, quotas, and other import restrictions will save jobs and promote a higher level of employment.
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
3
Ⅰ Economic interdependence
In today’s world, no nation exists in economic isolation. All aspects of a nation’s economy---its industries, service sectors, levels of income and employment, living standard---are linked to the economies of its trading partners. This linkage takes the form of international movements of goods
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Ⅱ Globalization of economic activity
Forces driving globalization Technological change:
Production Communication & information Transport
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Ⅶ What makes a company “American”?
“American competitiveness” can be thought of as the capacity of US workers to add value to the international economy irrespective of the nationality of the company that employs them. If the US desires to maintain its competitiveness, it must invest in people, not in nationally defined corporations.
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Ⅲ Waves of globalization
1st wave: 1870-1914 Falling tariff barriers improved transportation 2nd wave: 1945-1980 Agreements to lower barriers again Rich country trade specialization Poor nations left behind 3rd wave: 1980-present Growth of emerging markets international capital movements regain importance
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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and services, labor, business enterprise, investment funds, and technology. Indeed, national economic polices cannot be formulated without evaluating their probable impacts on the economies of other countries. When the United States sneezes, the economies of other nations catch a cold.
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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However, globalization can make the domestic economy vulnerable to disturbances initiated overseas. Take financial crisis in east Asia during 1997 to 1999 for example.
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
Exports (% of GDP)
68% 48 46 45 35 29 28 28 11 11
Imports (% of GDP)
62% 30 41 39 34 27 30 30 14 10
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Leading trading partners of the United States, 2000
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Elements of interdependence
Trade: goods, services, raw materials, energy Finance: foreign debt, foreign investment, exchange rates Business: multinational corporations, global production
Country Canada Mexico Japan Germany France Italy Netherlands Belgium/Luxembourg Venezuela Australia
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
Value of US exports ($ bill.)
$202.4 125.2 98.4 45.2 30.6 16.4 28.9 17.9 9.0 17.9
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
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Ⅷ International competitiveness
Firm competitiveness relative prices and qualities of products ---factors which will affect the productivity A nation’s competitiveness A high and increasing standard of living for its people---productivity
Carbaugh, Chap. 1
11
Ⅴ Why is globalization important
Comparative advantage means:
If the relative cost of making two items is different in two countries, each can gain by specializing in the one it makes most cheaply each has a comparative advantage in that product. Even countries that make nothing cheaply can benefit from specialization.