book4unit2语法教案
新视野英语教程教案book4Unit2
潍坊科技职业学院教案Text A Hungry for Your LoveI Detailed Study of the TextA1. I am almost dead, surviving from day to day, from hour to hour, ever since I was taken from my home and brought here with tens of thousands of other Jews.from day to day: day by day; as time goes on 一天天地；日益地The symptoms changed from day to day.症状一天天在发生变化。
The problem is getting worse from day to day.这个问题变得一天比一天糟。
from hour to hour: (of something) changing very quickly and very often （变化）快速不断地；每小时都有地The weather conditions in these mountains change from hour to hour.山间的天气情况时时在变。
2. I want to look away, oddly ashamed for this stranger to see me like this but I cannot tear my eyes from hers.Meaning:The girl, who is a stranger, looks at me like this, which shames me in a strange way. But I cannot move my eyes away from hers; I just cannot stop looking at her.oddly:adv. in a strange or peculiar manner 奇怪地；古怪地Mary looked at Tom very oddly.玛丽怪模怪样地看着汤姆。
第16讲 book4 unit2 语法 -祈使句讲解
第十六讲Unit Two Grammar第二部分考点知识讲解祈使句阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1．Don't bring your cellphone to school.2．Never forget each of us is the master of the earth.3．Give me a ring as soon as you get home.4．Write to me as soon as possible，will you?5．Let's live a low-carbon life，shall we?6．Let us take care of the house while you are away，will you?7．You，girls，clean the desks；you，boys，sweep the floor.8．Don't stay outside at night，will you?9．Do put your heart into your studies before the coming exam.1.祈使句：表示命令、请求、建议、劝告或号召的句子叫祈使句。
祈使句的主语一般为you，通常省略，谓语动词使用，句末用感叹号或句号。
例：1）Be quiet，please.(请求)2）Go and wash your hands.(命令)3）Watch your steps. (劝告)4）Look out！Danger!(警告)5）Keep off the grass.(禁止)2.祈使句的肯定式: 直接以动词原形或be，let等开头。
例：1)Follow the rules of the road.2)Be careful next time!3)Let's have a meeting this afternoon.3．祈使句的否定式1)Do not/Don't /Never＋动词原形例：（1）Don't be late tomorrow.（2）Never put off what you should do till tomorrow. 今日事今日毕。
新标准大学英语BOOK4-unit2教案-李骠
新标准大学英语BOOK4-Unit 2教案Active reading (1)Danger! Books may change your lifeTeaching aims:1.to learn the new words and expressions;2.to understand the texts and learn to paraphrase some difficult sentences in English;3.to analyze the structure of the texts;4.to get to know the cultural background of the texts;.5.to learn to think and presents one’s viewpoints from different perspectives;6.to learn to write a book report;Teaching schedule:Class period 1-2: warm-up activitiesnew words and expressionscultural background knowledgeClass period 3-4: reading 1 studyreading, sentences making, simulated writing and sentence paraphrasingClass period5-6: exercises, writing practice; cross culture readingClass period7-8: quiz and reading 2Culture pointsLewis Carroll (1832–1898) is the pen-name of Charles Dodgson. He was a priest, a mathematician who taught at Oxford University, a photographer, humorist and writer of children’s literature. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) was immediately successful, a masterpiece which revolutionized children’s literature,giving coherence and logic through wit and humour to unlikely or impossible episodes in which imaginary creatures embody recognizable human characteristics. He is also known for Through the Looking Glass and what Alice found there (1871) and nonsense poems, such as The Hunting of the Snark (1876).William Cowper (1731–1800): a notable English poet, writer of hymns and letter-writer. He wrote gentle, pious, direct poems about everyday rural life and scenes of the countryside which have been seen as forerunners of the Romantic movement: Coleridge called Cowper “the best modern poet”. He translated Homer’s Greek epics. The Odyssey and The Iliad into English. Another example of his verses which have become common sayings is “God moves in mysterious ways, His wonders to perform…”John Steinbeck (1902–1968): American novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is a well-known, long tragic novel about an American family of farmers who are driven off their land in Oklahoma by soil erosion in the famous “dust bowl” era. They flee to California to what they hope will be a better life. The book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a film in 1940. Other well-known novels include Of Mice and Men (1937), Cannery Row (1945), The Pearl (1947), East of Eden(1952) and an account of a personal rediscovery of America, Travels with Charlie (1962).John Irving (1942–): American novelist and screenwriter who taught English at college and was a wrestling coach. The Fourth Hand (2001) is a comic-satirical novel about a TV journalist, Wallington, whose hand is seen by millions of viewers to be bitten off by a circus lion. A surgeon gives him a hand transplant (a third hand) but the wife of the dead donor wants to visit her husband’s hand and have a child by Wallington, who feels where his original hand used to be (the fourth hand).Audrey Niffenegger (1963–): American college professor who teaches writing to visual artists and shows students how to make books by hand. Her first novel, The Time Traveller’s Wife (2003) – filmed in 2009 – is a science fiction and romance bestseller about a man who travels uncontrollably in time to his own history and visitshis wife in her childhood, youth and old age. His wife needs to cope with his absences and dangerous life while he travels. The story is a metaphor for distance and miscommunication in failed relationships.Paul Torday (1946– ): a British busines sman who worked for a company that repaired ship’s engines for many years. Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2007) was his first novel. It is a political satire and comedy about a dull civil servant who becomes involved in a plan to populate the desert with Scottish salmon. Politicians manage the media to “spin” this as a plan they support in order to divert attention from problems in the Middle East. There are themes of cynicism and belief, and East-West culture clashes.Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008): a Russian writer who was imprisoned in Soviet labour camps in 1945; after eight years, he was exiled to Kazakhstan and not freed until 1956, when he became a teacher. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature but not receive it until 1974. He went to Germany, Switzerland and the USA, returning to Russia in 1994. His best known novels were based on his experiences as a prisoner and include: One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), Cancer Ward (1968), The Gulag Archipelago (1974–1978). His later works were about Russian history and identity.Graham Greene (1904–1991): a British novelist, short-story writer, playwright, travel writer and essayist. He wrote a number of thrillers (he called them ‘entertainments’) which dramatize an ambiguous moral dilemma, often revealing guilt, treachery, failure and a theme of pursuit. Greene was also a film critic and all of these novels have been made into films: Brighton Rock (1938), The Power and the Glory (1940), The Heart of the Matter (1948), The Third Man (1950), The Quiet American (1955), and Our Man in Havana (1958).E. M. Forster (1879–1970): a British novelist and writer of short stories and essays. He lived at different periods in Italy, Egypt and India and taught at Cambridge University. His best known novels include A Room with a View (1908), Howard’s End (1910), A Passage to India (1924) which have all been made into films. His writing about reading and writing includes a book of lectures, Aspects of the Novel (1927).Thomas Merton (1915–1968): an American Catholic writer, who was a Trappist monk in Kentucky. He wrote over 70 books, including many essays about Buddhism and a translation into English of the Chinese classic, Chuang Tse. He had a great deal to say about the meeting of Eastern and Western cultures and wrote many letters to writers, poets, scholars and thinkers. He read a lot in English, Latin, French and Spanish and said he always had at least three books which he was reading at any one time.William Blake (1757–1827): a British poet, artist and mystic, who read widely in English, French, Italian, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He made many engravings to illustrate the work of such writers as Virgil, Dante and Chaucer, as well as his own poems. He stressed that imagination was more important than rationalism and the materialism of the 18th century and criticized the effects of the industrial revolution in England, but his work was largely disregarded by his peers. He is best known for his poetry in Songs of Innocence (1787) and Songs of Experience (1794). His belief in the oneness of all created things is shown in his much-quoted verse, “To see the world in a grain of sand / And a heaven in a flower, / Hold infinity in the palm of your hand / And eternity in an hour.”Clifton Fadiman (1904–1999): an American writer, radio and TV broadcaster and editor of anthologies. For over 50 years he was an editor and judge for the Book-of-the-Month Club. In 1960 he wrote a popular guide to great books for American readers, The Lifetime Reading Plan, which discusses 133 authors and their major work: the 1997 edition includes 9 authors from China.J. K. Rowling (1965–): British writer of the seven Harry Potter fantasy books. She studied French and Classics at Exeter University, before teaching English in Portugal and training to teach French in Scotland. The main idea about a school for wizards and the orphan Harry Potter came on a delayed train journey from Manchester to London in 1990. She began to write as soon as she reached London. Twelve publishersrejected the first book before Bloomsbury, a small London publisher, agreed to publish it. Later books have repeatedly broken all the sales records (as have some of the films). She is one of the richest women in the UK and a notable supporter of many charities.Language points1 Variety’s the very spice of life, / That gives it all its flavour … (Para 2)Spices are made from plants and added to food to give it its particular flavour or taste. The English proverb “Variety is the spice of life” (the proverb comes from Cowper’s poem) therefore means that variety gives life extra value and allows you to appreciate life in particular ways.2 We learn to look beyond our immediate surroundings to the horizon and a landscape far away from home. (Para 3)This means that through reading we learn to look beyond our immediate experience or familiar environment to things beyond our immediate experience, ie to completely different things that we can imagine and experience through books.3 When a baseball player hits a home run he hits the ball so hard and so far he’s able to run round thefour bases of the diamond, and score points not only for himself but for the other runners alreadyon a base. (Para 9)In the American game of baseball, the field of grass is diamond-shaped and has four bases (specific points marked around the diamond), round which players must run to score points. One team bats (ie team members take turns to hit the ball and run round the bases) and the members of the other team throw (pitch) the ball and, when it is has been hit, try to catch it or get it quickly to one of the four bases. If a batting player can hit the ball hard enough, he can run round all four bases before the other team can get the ball and thus score maximum points – with a home run. In the passage, a really good book is a home run.3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why are we like Alice in wonderland when we read a book?(a) Because, like Alice, we often have accidents.(b) Because reading makes us feel young again.(c) Because reading opens the door to new experiences.(d) Because books lead us into a dream world.2 According to the writer, what is the advantage of reading over real life?(a) There is more variety in books than in real life.(b) We can experience variety and difference without going out of the house.(c) The people we meet in a book are more interesting than real people.(d) It’s harder to make sense of real life than a book.3 What do the seven novels listed in Paragraph4 have in common?(a) Their titles stimulate imagination.(b) They represent the best writing by British and American novelists.(c) They have become classics.(d) You can find all of them in any local library.4 At what moment in our lives do books become important?(a) As soon as we start reading.(b) When we start buying books to fill our shelves at home.(c) When we start listening to bedtime stories.(d) Only when we are ready for books.5 What claim did Merton make about the poems of William Blake?(a) They were similar to the works of the Greek writers and thinkers.(b) They helped him understand the meaning of life.(c) They created a sense of confusion.(d) They taught him a lot about modern culture.6 What is meant by a home-run book?(a) A book which is so good you are unable to put it down.(b) A book that the whole family can enjoy.(c) A children’s book that is read and appreciated by adults.(d) A book that hits hard like a home run in the game of baseball.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make someone feel that they do not belong to your group (exclude)2 to fail to do something that you should do (neglect)3 to mention something as an example (cite)4 to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something (withstand)5 in most situations or cases (normally)6 to be about to happen in the future (await)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.When I lived in Britain, one of my favourite radio programmes was ca lled “Desert Island Discs”. The format was always the same: Guest celebrities were asked to imagine they had been washed ashore on a desert island, and had to choose nine books – (1) excluding the Bible and Shakespeare, which they were already provided with – to take with them to the island, to help them (2) withstand the physical and mental isolation. I sometimes like to think which books I would take. (3) Normally, like most people, I don’t have much time for reading, and I could (4) cite dozens of books which I have never read but which I w ould like to. It’s an opportunity I have (5) awaited all my life, in fact. But what would I choose? Mostly novels, probably, but I wouldn’t (6) neglect to include a volume or two of poetry. My first choice, I think, would be Tolstoy’s War and Peace. I’ve never read it, but I’m ready to believe that it is one of the most marvelous books ever written.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 In a good novel, the writer and reader communicate with each other. (interact)2 I have to face up to the problem sooner or later. (confront)3 I read the book in one sitting and Mary did too. (likewise)4 E. M. Forster was one of the most important and respected British novelists of the 20th century. (influential)5 Do you believe that a work of literature can actually lead to social changes? (induce)6 Robert Burns was a great poet who wrote in the language variety spoken in Scotland. (dialect)7 The Time Traveller’s Wife is the story of a man who has a strange and inexplicable genetic disorder. (mysterious)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you have had a disconcerting experience, do you feel a bit (a) tired, or (b) confused?2 If you have a vista of something, can you (a) see or imagine it, or (b) go and visit it?3 Would you express great wrath by (a) smiling at someone, or (b) shouting at them?4 If you feel enchanted by a book, do you (a) like it a lot, or (b) not like it at all?5 Is a writer who is supremely talented (a) very good, or (b) quite good at his job?6 If reading fosters an understanding of certain problems, does it (a) help understanding, or (b) prevent it?7 If you are desperately trying to get a job, are you (a) trying very hard to get it, or (b) caring littlewhether you get it or not?8 Is a sensation (a) a certainty, or (b) just a feeling?Reading and interpreting8 Check () the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage.1 To show the reader how to read fiction.2 To suggest that fiction is more powerful than non-fiction.√ 3 To persuade the reader that reading can be a life-changing experience.4 To claim that books provide the meaning to life.5 To recommend some major novels to read.9 Work in pairs. Look at the statements from the passage and discuss the questions.1 … when we pick up a book we are about to enter a new world.Do you agree with this statement? Is this true of every book?I agree with this up to a point, but it is not true of every book because with some books you may already be very familiar with the world of those particular books so although you might read them, they wouldn’t take you to a new world.2 We’ll have experiences which are new, sometimes disconcerting, ma ybe deeply attractive, possibly unpleasant or painful, but never less than liberating from the real world we come from. How can reading be a “painful” experience? In what sense does reading “liberate” us from the real world?It is easy to imagine how reading could be a painful experience for some people: It depends on the book and on the reader’s background and personal ity. For instance, I can see that a story about bullying, might be painful to read if you were bullied when you were a child – it would remind you of the experience of being hurt.Reading can liberate us because in books we can have all sorts of wonderful and interesting experiences which would be impossible for us in the real world: we can travel to distant places or go anywhere in time, we can meet all sorts of people we probably wouldn’t meet anywhere else except in books.3 Reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow.How does this idea contrast with the title of the passage? In what way can a book help us “grow”? The word “Danger” in the title contrasts with this idea that reading is a safe experience. However, this is not a contradiction because experiences that would be dangerous in real life are quite safe when we read about them in books. The author seems to think that we grow in our minds with a better understanding and enriched imagination when we meet a wide variety of people and different situations in books. This vicarious experience in reading is a safe way to grow mentally and emotionally.4 To interact with other people’s lives in the peace and quiet of our homes is a privilege which only reading fiction can afford us.Do you agree? Is fiction really different from other types of writing?Well, I think this is true because in fiction we do interact with the characters, both positively (with characters we can identify with) and negatively (with characters we do not like or admire). But this doesn’t mean that we don’t interact with the writer in non-fiction. Surely all of us have the experience of feeling that we do interact with writers in newspaper or magazine articles and in some kinds of non-fiction which may be about science, for example. I suppose it depends on the style of the writing and on the personality of the writer (and of characters in fiction) and on us, as readers.5 We even understand … that we h ave more in common with other readers of books in other cultures than we might do with the first person we meet when we step out of our front doors.This suggests that people who read are different from people who don’t read. Do you agree? Well, I am not sure. I guess that people who read similar books, fiction or non-fiction, would share some common knowledge, experience and maybe feelings and they would probably talk about these when they know about each other’s reading habits. Of course, they wouldn’t ne cessarily have other things in common, just this particular connection with a certain kind of culture through reading. Maybe people in the street do not have to share this reading experience, so in that respect they are different, but they may be quite similar and share many cultural experiences in other ways –after all they live in the same place, probably speak the same language. So, I think it’s all a question of what sort of common experiences you are talking about. The more I think about it, the less I agree!6 From the bedtime story read by a parent to their child all the way through to the sitting room lined with booksin our adult homes, books define our lives.What do you understand by “books define our lives”?I suppose they would be those books – not many, surely? – which have made a great impact and remain so strong in our memories that do have a function of defining something in our lives. However, I think the author has exaggerated here. Books are not the only things that define our lives. People, places and special events define our lives too, so books are only one part which for some people have a great influence but for others maybe very little or none at all. We have to remember that some people simply don’t read books. Even some students on ly read what they have to read, nothing more than that!7 We cannot withstand the hunger to visit another world, to meet different people, to live other lives and to reflect on ourselves.Do you agree that we “live other lives” when reading? Or is this an exaggeration?I agree that we have strong imaginative experiences when we read. Maybe you can call this “living other lives” sometimes, but for me, anyway, this simply doesn’t happen very often and when it does happen it is only for a short time. I think the writer is exaggerating here to make the point that reading has importance in our imagination.8 Books may change your life.Is this a suitable title – and ending – for the passage? Why / Why not?Yes, I think it OK as a catchy title – it gets our attention, after all, and repeating it at the end makes a kind of coda like the ending of a piece of music which echoes something near the beginning. Also if you look carefully, it does have a note of caution by using “maybe” instead of “will”, so this title isn’t a definite promise, it’s more of an attractive idea, that your life may be changed through books, but might not be.Now discuss which of the above statements would have been more effective if backed up byexample(s).In fact, it seems that any of them could effectively be illustrated by examples, but if all of them were to be backed up with examples, the whole passage would be a lot longer and maybe too heavy with examples.If I had to choose just two statements which need supporting examples, I would say numbers three and six because I’d say the ideas about ‘growing’ through books and books ‘defining’ our lives are too vague without examples.Active reading (2)They were alive and they spoke to meBackground informationThis is from The Books in My Life by Henry Miller (1861–1980), an American novelist, writer and painter. Miller was born in New York, lived in Paris 1930–1939, and then in California. His best-known works blend fiction, autobiography, social criticism and mysticism: Tropic of Cancer (1934 published in France) describes his life and loves in Paris and because of its sexual frankness it was not published in the USA till 1961; Black Spring (1936) has ten autobiographical stories; Tropic of Capricorn (1939) is about his years with the Western Union Telegraph Company; The Colossus of Maroussi (1941), considered by some critics to be his best work, is a travel book about people from his stay in Greece.In The Books in My Life (1969) Miller looks at 100 books that influenced him. His list includes children’s books written originally for adults (eg Alice in Wonderland, The Arabian Nights, Greek Myths and Legends, Robinson Crusoe, The Three Musketeers); many French novels and poetry (eg by Balzac, Hugo, Giono, Nerval, Proust, Rimbaud, Huysmans, Maeterlinck), German novels (by Mann, Hesse, Dreiser) and the Chinese Lao Tse and Fenollosa’s The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry, besides work by American writers (Twain, Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman), Dostoievshy, Nietzsche, Joyce and writers on spiritual topics.Culture pointsAugust Strindberg (1849–1912): A Swedish playwright and a prolific writer of novels, short stories, satires, essays and poems, and a photographer, who tried various jobs before becoming assistant librarian at the Royal Library in Stockholm and established an experimental theatre. He is best known for his plays, including The Father (1887) and Miss Julie (1888), and for his vitality, vigour, and brilliant use of language. Miller cites Strindberg’s autobiographies, The Confession of a Fool (vol.2), a passionate love story and account of problems in his marriage, and The Inferno (vol.3), a study of his religious conversion, delusions and neuroses which reflect Strindberg’s periods of mental instability.Blaise Cendrars (1887–1961) is the pen name of Frédéric Sauser, a Swiss-born French novelist, shortstory writer, poet, and film-maker, who led a life of constant travel (he was born in an Italian railway train) doing various jobs in Russia, Europe, North and South America and Asia – he is said to have shoveled coal on steam trains in China. He lost his right arm fighting for France in World War I. His prose includes vivid, witty, action-packed novels, like Moravagine (1926), which describe travel and adventure, or works directly inspired by his own experience, like The Astonished Man (1945) and The Cut Hand (1946), and four volumes of memoirs. Miller admired his work and lists ‘virtually the complete works’ of Cendrars as influential reading.Rémy de Gourmont (1858–1915): a French writer of 50 books: essays, novels and poetry, with a strong interest in medieval Latin literature; as a critic he was admired by T. S. Eliot. He was a librarian at the National Library in Paris; later, a painful skin disease kept him largely at home. He was influential in the symbolist movement in literature. He claimed that a work of art exists only through the emotion it gives us. He asserted the need to get away from the unquestioning acceptance of commonplace ideas and associations of ideas, and believed it was necessary for thought to proceed by imagery rather than by ideas.Julius Caesar (110 BC–44 BC): a Roman statesman, known as a great military strategist. As a general he was famous for the conquest of Gaul (modern France and Belgium) which he added to the Roman Empire. He also made two expeditions to Britain, was governor of Spain and traveled in North Africa and Egypt. He was a good speaker and he wrote several books of commentaries and memoirs on Roman wars and military campaigns. Caesar’s writin g is often studied today by those who learn Latin.The Julius Caesar of literature: this phrase compares Cendrars with Caesar: both were men of action, travelers, adventurers, explorers, who somehow found time to read a lot and write books.Language points1 The fact, however, that in the past I did most of my work without the aid of library I look upon asan advantage rather than a disadvantage. (Para 1)This is irony. Miller is writing about the importance of reading and about key books in his life, but there is a paradox: Only recently has he been able to get all the books he has wanted all his life (ie he now has money, as a best-selling writer, to buy books) and, as a writer, he wrote books without the help of a library. He says that not having books wa s an advantage. The explanation is probably that Miller’s early writing was a mixture of autobiography and fiction, so he didn’t need to read other books or refer to them to do his own writing. The irony is that he is saying this in a book about the books the influenced him.2 A good book lives through the passionate recommendation of one reader to another. (Para 3)Miller thinks that a good part of the ‘life’ of a book is how one reader recommends it to another with enthusiasm, ie books are about sharing e xperience, not just the author’s experience in the book and the reader’s experience of reading it, but also the experience of word-of-mouth or face-to-face recommendation by other readers.3 And the better the man the more easily will he part with his most cherished possessions. (Para 4)This continues Miller’s thought that books are for sharing. A good person will share things he or she loves. In this case, such a person will give or lend favourite books and such generosity makes friends: When you give books you get friendship.4 If you are honest with yourself you will discover that your stature has increased from the mereeffort of resisting your impulse. (Para 6)Miller’s argument here is that you should not read everything, but that you should choose ve ry carefully and selectively. This means you should resist the temptation to read some things which are not really going to add to your knowledge or enjoyment (not every book will do this, only some). Here, he says that in this way, we grow (we “increase our stature”). That is, we grow by not reading many books. The implication is that if we choose the very best books and read these few really carefully we will get the best from them – and grow by such selection. Miller discusses 100 books which he things are such books.5 All on the side, as it were. (Para 7)Cendrars was a man of action who spent most of his time on travels and adventures. Surprisingly (you would think he did not have time), he read a lot in different languages and even wrote many books – this was in addition to his main activities.6 For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. (Para 7)Cendrars had a huge reputation as a man of action, travelling, having adventures and exploring different countries and yet he read a lot (he knew how to use the little time available to read). “Waste” is in quotes to show irony (reading isn’t a waste of time), that he reads in a royal manner (ie very thoroughly). The sentence structure here is quite French with the repetition of “he”.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What does Miller consider to have been an advantage during his writing career?(a) To have been able to read all the books he wanted.(b) To have grown up in a room full of books.(c) To have written without the aid of a library.(d) The fact that he never wanted to own any books.2 What did three stars on a book mean in the public library in Miller’s youth?(a) Young people weren’t allowed to read them.(b) They were the most popular books in the library.(c) They were intended for children.(d) They were more exciting than one-star books.3 Why does Miller hope the star system still exists in public libraries?(a) It is an efficient system which works well.(b) It discourages people from reading inappropriate books.(c) It makes people interested in reading.(d) It makes it easier for people to recognize books.4 Why do people lend books, in Miller’s opinion?(a) Because they feel the need to share their feelings.(b) It’s the best way to make a friend.(c) It’s less risky than lending money.(d) Because it’s not possible to possess a book for ever.5 According to Miller, what should you do when you find a book you want to read?(a) Pick it up and start reading.(b) Ask a friend for advice about the book.(c) Think about whether you really need to read it.(d) Only read it if it is original.6 What does Miller especially admire about Blaise Cendrars?(a) He had a very adventurous life.(b) He was a great writer.。
Book 4 Unit 2 Grammar 动名词作主语、宾语
Book 4 Unit 2 Grammar 动名词作主语、宾语定义：动名词是由动词+ing变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的时态和语态的变化，但没有人称和数的变化。
用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。
动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
作用：动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词的形式：(其否定形式是在v-ing前面加not)1．动名词的一般式所表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或者是表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
We are very interested in collecting stamps.我们对集邮很感兴趣。
His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。
2．动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。
He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。
We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
3．动名词的否定式是在v-ing前面加not。
He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。
He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
4．动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。
如：I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。
She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。
《新视野英语教程(第三版)》教学资源book4Unit2-Section A
triumph quickly throws the apple over the fence. I run to pick it
up, holding it in my frozen fingers. In my world of death this
高中英语 Book 4 Unit 2重点短语讲解 新人教版必修4
Book 4 Unit 2重点短语讲解1. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. (P10)【归纳】search for 意思是“寻找，搜寻”。
【延伸】search into调查；search out寻找到；search through 把……仔细搜寻一遍；search one’s memory 寻思，追忆；search one’s heart 扪心自问；in search of 寻找，寻求。
【易错点】search some place意为“在某地搜查”；search for sth 意为“寻找某物”；如：s earch sb 搜身；search for sb 寻找某人。
2. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. (P10)【归纳】be satisfied with意为“对……感到满意”。
【延伸】to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是；in satisfaction 满意地；satisf y sb that使相信……；satisfie d one’s doubt消除某人的疑虑。
【易错点】satisfactory / satisfy-ing：都是“令人（感觉到）满意的”意思，其句中的主语或修饰的名词大都是表示事物的名词，两者一般可以换用。
而satisfied意为“满意的”，是人的主观感受，其句中的主语或修饰的名词一般都是表示人的名词。
3. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. (P10)【归纳】would rather意思是“宁愿”，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。
【延伸】would rather do宁愿做某事；would rather have done表示过去的想法，通常可译为“(本来)宁愿做某事；I’d rather not，表示委婉的不同意，意为“我宁愿不……”；prefer to do rather than do宁愿……而不愿……；prefer doing to doing宁愿……而不愿……。
人教版 Book 4 Unit 2 Using Language(共11张PPT)
•Planting ___g_ra_s_s___ between crops
1.化肥 2.长期的，长远的 3.对...造成损害 4.since 5.冲走，洗掉 6.增强，逐渐增加 7.导致，造成，通往 8.此外，另外 9.转向
•Damaging the land: killing the helpful _b_a__c_te_r_ia__a_n_d__p_e_s_t_s __
•Damaging people’s health:
Many chemicals in the food supply can _le_a_d__t_o__ cancer or other illnesses
Eating such kind of food for a long time may lead to health problems. Our canteen should focus on providing food which is full of nutrition. The food must be rich in protein, vitamins and
minerals. Only in this way can we build up our body and keep us
free from/of disease.
Do you have any comment on our school’s canteen?
4.since
由于，因为，既然
5.冲走，洗掉
wash off
6.增强，逐渐增加 build up
7.导致，造成，通往lead to
Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land 语法
随堂练习
单句改错。
1. Learn Chinese in an English-speaking
A
B
country is not an easy job. A.Learn→Learning
C
用所给的词的恰当形式填空。
1. Tom is very stubborn, so it is no use _a_r_g_u_in_g___ (argue) about it. 2. _N__o_t _kn_o_w__in_g__(know) how to swim can put you in danger when you suddenly find yourself in water. 3. There is no __d_e_n_yi_n_g__ (deny) that China has played an very important role in international trade.
常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
consider, suggest / advise, look forward 考虑建议盼原谅，to, excuse, pardon 承认推迟没得想，admit, delay / put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise 否认完成停能赏，deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡，can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape 不准冒险凭想象。forbid, risk, imagine
afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem
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Words and GrammarTeaching goals1. Target languagea. words and expressionssunburnt, hunger, expand, circulate, struggle, export, output, satisfied,strain, rid ... of, lead a ... life, would rather, thanks tob. grammarThe -ing form as subject and object.2. Ability goalsEnable students to master the usage of the words and expressions above and use the -ing form as subject and object correctly and freely.3. Learning ability goalsHelp students learn how to use these words and expressions freely to express their ideas and use the -ing form as subject and object as they like. They can also practise actively and attentively so that they reach their goals.Teaching important pointsThe usage of the important words and the -ing form used as subject and object. Teaching difficult pointsHow to use the words and expressions and the -ing form freely.Teaching methodsExplaining, discussing and practising.Teaching aidsA projector and a computer.Teaching procedures & waysStep I Greeting and revisionT: Morning, everyone. What's your breakfast?Ss: A steam bread, some potatoes and porridge.T: When you are eating at the dinning-room, do you often find some food thrown away? Ss: Yeah, we often see some.T: OK, boys and girls. In last period we talked about agriculture and a pioneer in agriculture--- Dr Yuan. Today over 20 countries have adopted the hybrid rice. The FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) has vowed to be actively involved in spreading the Yuan Hybrid rice worldwide. 80 percent of China's total fields grow Yuan's hybrid rice species, yielding 60 percent of the rice production in China. My question is even if Dr Yuan's dreams come true, can this really solve the starvation? Why? What can we do to solve the problem?S1: I think it's difficult to say that this can solve the starvation. Because even if there are enough food, as long as people don't treasure it, there is still starvation.S2: I have an idea to solve this problem. That is we should call on people not to eat meat. S3: Not to eat meat! It's impossible. I like meat most.S2: But please think, if people continue to eat meat, they have to grow wheat, corn and some other crops to feed them. It's said in America or some other western countries, they do so. Feeding animals what people can eat can run out many foods. That's a big waste. If everyone stops eating meat, I believe we have enough food to supply people all over the world.S: My god! How could we get rid of meat?T: Your argument is really interesting. It reminds me a story. When Mr. Lu Xun went to Japan, he took up medicine at first. But later he wanted to become a writer. Because he found that medicine could only cure some diseases of body, but couldn't cure the diseases in the deep heart of people. That was the very problem. So I think only human being get rid of the greed for everything, not only can we solve the starvation but also any problem that bring us trouble and worries. Don't you think so?Ss: That's right.T: Buddha said people should give up greed, anger and craziness. That's truth. OK, we should go a-head to the next step.Step II Word studyT: In the last period, we've learned some new words and expressions. Now let's review them. Look at the screen, please. Try to think of their meanings and their usages. Then complete the exercise on the screen to check if you can use them correctly. After finishing it, you may check your answers with your partners.Teaches shows the following on the screen.Complete the sentences with the words from the box in proper forms. Some words may not be used.Sunburnt, strain, output, export, rid ... of, would rather, increase,satisfied, super, lead ... a life, thanks to, strugglel. With the development of science and technology China is ________many kinds of electric products to developing countries.2.Yao Ming plays basketball in NBA and he is a _________ basketball star.3. __________bad weather, our football match has to be put off.4. Now the old couple ___________ simple but happy _________in the countryside.5. Judging from his _______ face and arms, he works in the open air.6. I'm very tired. I _______ have a good sleep than go to the cinema.7. The __________ of corn this year is double that of last year.8. We ________wheat to Russia and import silk from Japan.9. The baseball league _________ by adding four new terms.10. The people to get out of the burning building.A few minutes later, the teacher may ask some students to read out their answers and give the Chinese meaning of each sentence. The teacher corrects any mistake and gives some explanations.Answers to the sentences:1. exporting2. super3. thank to4. is leading a ... life5. sunburnt6. would rather7. output8. export9. was strained 10. struggledT: Well, now let's turn to Page 11 and finish the Ex 1, 2 and 3. Now let's check the answers. Check the answers and give them some explanations.Step III GrammarThere are two tasks in this step. One is to do some explanations about the structure; the other is to do some exercises in the Discovering useful structures in Page 12.Task lThe following sentences are from the text A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE. There are some useful structures in them. Let students translate them and pay attention to these boldface words.1...., He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life. P102. He also doesn't care about being famous. P103. His other hobbies include playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. P104. Wishing for things, however, costs nothing. P10T: Well done. Now, please pay attention to the boldface part in each sentence and find out the function of them. Who'd like to explain the function of these underlined parts?S1: Let me have a try. It's clear that the -ing form in the first and second sentences is used as object of preposition. And in the third sentence the -ing form is used as object. In the last one the -ing form is used as subject. So we can say the -ing form can be used as subject and object like nouns.T: Quite right. That's the usage of the -ing form. In grammar the -ing form used like this has another name called the gerund. That is to say, it can be used as sub ject and object like nouns. But please pay attention. We seldom use "it" to replace the -ing form as subject. Ok. Now let's do some practice. Look at another three examples on the screen. Please complete the sentences with the given words in proper forms.1. Fancy Mary ______(do) a thing like that!2. _____(take) physical exercise every day is profitable to our health.3. That is a matter of importance, it wants_______ (handle) carefully.4.Her not _______(come back) made us disappointed.5.1 must apologize for _____-(not let) you know ahead of time.6. M.r Brown regretted _______(beat) his son.Ask one student to do it. Correct mistakes if there is any and do some explanations at the same time.Suggested answers:1. doing2. Taking3. handling4. coming back5. not letting6. beatingT: By the way, I'd like to do some further explanations. It is not always easy to decide when the gerund should be used after a given verb as the object. This is a matter of general usage. As we know some verbs and phrasal verbs usually take a gerund after them. Do you know what they are?S2: Let me see. Such words as advise, avoid, cannot help, consider, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, keep from, leave off, miss, practise, stop, suggest, etc. usually plus gerunds after them ...T: There are other words such as acknowledge, deny, admit, postphone, resist, fancy, put off, etc. are often followed by gerunds. Here are some examples.e.g. I can not postphone answering his letter. He narrowly missed being killed.Task 2T: Let's continue to do some exercises. Please look at Page 12. Please do Ex 2. You are asked to rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form as the subject.Ask some students to do them one by one.Keys to Exercise 2:Helping people in need of help is nice.Growing super hybrid rice is not easy.Learning more about fanning is not difficult.Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.6. Explaining this again is important or we will get confused.T: Well done! Why not go on with Exercise 3. This time join the two halves to make sentences. Keys to Exercise 3:1. Dr Yuan likes talking to rice growers about his work.2. He continued doing research until a better strain of rice was found.3. Many city kids look forward to visiting the countryside.4. Not all students enjoy working in the fields.5. They started producing hybrid rice in 1974.6.1 remember meeting the scientist while he was in Beijing last time.T: Good! Now, please finish Ex 4 in Page 13. Use the following phrases with the -ing form to describe a person you admire.Teacher can give students four minutes to write a short passage by themselves and then ask one or two students to give their answers.T: Ready? Who's willing to read his or her passage?S1: The person I admire is my uncle. As a young man, he dreamt of becoming a scientist. He was good at all his subjects at school. But when he saw the need for doctors in the poor countryside, he decided to devote himself to looking after sick people. After graduating from Shanxi Medicine University, he became a doctor in our hometown. He cares little about making money. He is interested in helping poor people. When some poor villagers come for help, he seldom asks them for charge. He even offers some money to them. He is never afraid of becoming poor. He is only concerned about people's health.T: Very nice, thank you. OK, after class you can exchange your passages with each other and enjoy what your partners have written. Today we reviewed some important words and phrases. Please remember them after class. And we also learned about the -ing form used as the subject and object. Try to do some practice so that you can master the usage of the -ing form.As for Exercise 5. If time permits, you can ask students to do it in class, If not, you can ask them to do it as homework after class.T: Now, let's play a game called "What were you doing when the flood came?" That is, imagine when the food came what you were doing. You can tell an experience in a flood or you can imagine one. Please work in groups of four and take turns to describe an activity. Be sure to use the -ing form of the verb. Two minutes later, be prepared to tell your ideas to the class.T: Which group would like to tell their ideas first?S1: I was helping my parents get in the rice in the field when the flood came. I ran as fast as possible to the softy. IS2: I was playing football with my friends on the playground when the flood came.S3: I was reading a novel at home when the flood came. So I had to climb up a tree.S4. I was riding my bike to the market to buy some fertilizer when the flood came. T: Excellent! Another group ...Teacher can ask two or three groups of students to tell their ideas. Teacher can ask the rest of students to exchange their ideas after class.The introductions about V-ing in the reference book are very good, teacher can add them to this step.Step IV Using StructuresT: Now please turn to Page 50 and finish Exercise 1 quickly. I'll give you 2 minutes to do this. Check their answers with the whole class.T: Well, Now I'd given you some time to do it, according to the instructions in Exercise 2. Please try to use the structures we learned today. Now work in pairs or groups to finish this task.Sample1.1 hate chatting in QQ, because I find it really boring. After chatting, you will find that you gain nothing except boredom. It's dangerous when a person is tripped in it. One of my neighbours left his wife and child, and sold his house to meet his QQ girl friend. But half year later, he came back empty-handed. What a shame!2. I'm interested in teaching. Though the job can't bring me much money, I think what I do will bring children wise or intelligence.3. I'll enjoy visiting Taiwan. Because it is reported in news papers that People in Taiwan are those who are the most filial. People in Hong Kong are the second, and people in the mainland are the third. I want to go there and find what makes people there so filial. And it reminds me a Chinese poem. I can't help reading it out for you.Step V HomeworkT: Next time we'll learn Organic Farming on Page 13 and An Early Farmer Pioneer onPage 51. If possible, please find some information about them. Today's homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49. That's all for today. See you next time.。