追寻幸福：向秀和郭象的哲学思想中英文对照清华大学韦正翔教授制作
幸福之路 英文版
幸福之路英文版The Road to HappinessHappiness is something we all strive for. It is a goal that transcends cultures, languages, and boundaries. The pursuit of happiness is an essential aspect of human existence, and finding our own path towards it is a lifelong journey. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of the road to happiness and how we can navigate it.1. Finding Meaning and PurposeOne of the key elements of finding happiness is discovering meaning and purpose in our lives. Without a sense of direction and goals, life can feel stagnant and meaningless. To embark on the road to happiness, we need to identify our passions, interests, and values. Once we have a clear understanding of what matters most to us, we can set meaningful goals and work towards fulfilling them.2. Cultivating Positive RelationshipsHuman beings are social creatures, and our relationships play a significant role in our happiness. Cultivating positive and supportive relationships with friends, family, and loved ones is essential. Surrounding ourselves with people who bring joy and fulfillment into our lives can greatly contribute to our overall well-being. It is important to invest time and effort in nurturing these relationships, as they can provide us with a sense of belonging and support.3. Practicing Gratitude and MindfulnessGratitude and mindfulness are powerful tools on the road to happiness. Taking a moment each day to reflect on the things we are grateful for can shift our focus from what is lacking in our lives to what we already have. This practice can help us develop a more positive outlook and enhance our overall sense of well-being. Additionally, incorporating mindfulness into our daily routines can bring us into the present moment, allowing us to fully experience and appreciate the small joys in life.4. Taking Care of Physical and Mental HealthTo walk the path of happiness, it is crucial to prioritize our physical and mental health. Engaging in regular exercise, eating nutritious food, and getting enough sleep are fundamental aspects of self-care. When our bodies are healthy, our minds can function optimally, and we are better equipped to handle the challenges life throws at us. Similarly, seeking help and support for any mental health issues is essential for overall well-being.5. Embracing Resilience and OptimismLife is full of ups and downs, and setbacks are an inevitable part of the journey. Embracing resilience and maintaining a positive outlook can help us navigate through difficult times. Rather than dwelling on failures or negative experiences, it is important to learn from them and focus on the opportunities for growth and self-improvement. Adopting an optimistic mindset can allow us to find happiness even in the face of adversity.6. Giving Back and Helping OthersFinding happiness can be a deeply fulfilling experience when we extend our efforts towards helping others. Engaging in acts of kindness andcontributing to the well-being of our communities can create a sense of purpose and fulfillment. By giving back, we not only make a positive impact on the lives of others but also enrich our own lives and find a deeper sense of happiness and contentment.In conclusion, the road to happiness is a personal and unique journey for each individual. By finding meaning and purpose, cultivating positive relationships, practicing gratitude and mindfulness, taking care of our physical and mental health, embracing resilience and optimism, and giving back to others, we can pave our way towards a fulfilling and joyful life. Remember, happiness is not a destination but rather a way of life, and it is within our own power to create it.。
南开19春学期(1709、1803、1809、1903)《追寻幸福：中国伦理史视角(尔雅)》在线作业-1答案
南开19春学期（1709、1803、1809、1903）《追寻幸福：中国伦理史视角（尔雅）》在线作业-1
4、C
一、单选题共35题，70分
1、阴阳家的创始人是？
A东方朔
B邹衍
C董仲舒
D惠施
【答案】本题选择：B
2、下列对杨朱的说法错误的是？
A他与孟子同时期。
B他属于原始道家。
C他是隐士。
D他重视集体利益。
【答案】本题选择：D
3、下列对于马克思主义中国化和共家学派说法正确的是？
A马克思主义中国化具有一种学术的视角
B马克思主义中国化更具有长远性和前瞻性
C共家学派是马克思主义在学术领域的一种体现
D共家学派与马克思主义中国化的内涵一致
【答案】本题选择：C
4、下列对古时社会地位的排序正确的是？
A士工商农
B士农商工
C士农工商
D士工农商
【答案】本题选择：C
5、禅宗认为世界的本质是？
A物质
B道
C空
D数
【答案】本题选择：C
6、下列对社会所认可的幸福说法错误的是？
A它是一种被祝福的幸福。
B它不随着时代发展而改变。
C它会因地域差别而表现不同。
D它体现了社会存在决定社会意识。
【答案】本题选择：B
7、世称禅宗六祖的是？
A达摩
B慧可
C慧能。
新视野大学英语6 课文英汉对照翻译
The Pursuit of Happiness 追求幸福The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way happiness runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as "the state of being well-deceived", or of being "a fool among idiots ", for Swift saw society as a land of false goals.美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但是似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。
这就好比我们获得了打猎许可却无猎物可打一样。
乔纳森·斯威夫特认为幸福是"一种大上其当而浑然不觉的状态"，或者是充当"一名白痴中的傻瓜"的感觉，因为斯威夫特把社会看作是一片布满虚假目标的土地。
It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.虚假目标的提法当然不是美国式思维。
然而，我们似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。
当我们拥有足够的财力时，我们就会获得极大的成功。
09-6奥古斯丁清华大学韦正翔教授制作
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人的知识？
1
Human Knowledge?
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人的知识1：克服怀疑主义-怀疑论： 人无法理解真理（人把握不了必然 性或确定性）-人的理性绝对地遵循 不矛盾的原则，一个事物不可能同 时存在和不存在-人的思维不会毫无 希望地陷入不确定性之中-怀疑行为 本身就具有确定性-我疑故我在，或 我怀疑，所以我活着。我在做梦， 所以我活着。
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St. Augustine- left Africa for Rome and shortly there-took another mistresscame upon certain forms of Platonism, especially the Neoplatonism found in the Enneads of Plotinus, overcame his former skepticism, materialism, and dualism: an immaterial world totally separate from the material world; man possesses a spiritual sense to know God and the immaterial world; he derived the conception that evil is not a positive reality but rather a matter of privation, the absence of good
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圣奥古斯丁-对于他来说，真正 的哲学，如果不把信仰与理性结 合起来，是不可思议的-人都得 考虑其精神归属问题，需要从信 仰的高度来考虑整个世界，所以 在神学和哲学之间是没有区别的 -他设定了中世纪基督教智慧的 基调和模式，尽管在十三世纪阿 奎那改变了他的一些假设
09-5古希腊的亚里士多德清华大学韦正翔教授制作
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亚里士多德对经验事实而不是数学更感兴 趣，对具体的自然过程更感兴趣，抽象的 科学概念存在于这个活的本性之中-亚里 士多德， becoming这个能动的王国；柏 拉图，Being这个不朽的王国-亚里士多德 没有亲自与柏拉图决裂，一直呆到柏拉图 去世-接班人，柏拉图的外甥，过于注重 数学，还有其他原因，离开。
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接受了赫美亚斯的邀请，特罗伊附近的阿索斯 的统治者，曾为柏拉图学园的一名学生，哲学 王，在他的宫廷里聚集了一些思想家-亚里士 多德在那里呆了三年，与其侄女（养女）结婚， 生有一女儿。后来回雅典后，夫人去世，与赫 匹里斯一直同居，幸福、持久、挚 爱的结合， 生有儿子尼各马可，后以此命名他的《尼各马 可伦理学》
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亚里士多德其人及其思想发 展？(与道家思想类似）
Aristotle and the Development of His Thoughts? (similar to Taoism)
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亚里士多德出生于公元前384年(于公元前322 年因长期以来的消化系统疾病而去世，享年 62岁）。他出生在色雷斯的一个小城-父亲， 马其顿国外的医生-幼时，对生物学、解剖和 科学感兴趣-17岁入柏拉图学园，37岁离开-， 有学院的灵魂之美称-在人格和思想上深受柏 拉图的影响，尽管最后为建立自己的哲学思 想体系而决裂-在柏拉图学园时，他以柏拉图 的对话体写了大量的对话，并肯定了后来他 严厉批评的柏拉图的理念论
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逻辑-科学包括对于事物运行的理由 和为什么它们必须如此的真实陈述， 或者说就是说明事实和理由-包括观 察和解释所观察到的东西的理论（柏 拉图的形式论在这里变成了语言的形 式逻辑，没有了宗教存在的地盘
追寻幸福：慧能的哲学思想中英文对照清华大学韦正翔教授制作
According to Ch’an tradition, the school originated with certain esoteric teachings allegedly expounded by the historical Buddha to a disciple, and thereafter transmitted through a series of Indian patriarchs of the school. “There was a transmission from mind to mind without the use of written texts”. Finally the twenty-eighth of these patriarchs, the famous Bodhidharma came to China during the reign of Emperor Wu (502-549) of the Liang dynasty, thus becoming the first Ch’an patriarch in China.
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到五世纪时，佛经汉译如潮涌时，格义 的方法被摒弃了。但是五世纪时来自印 度的佛教著译大师鸠摩罗什还继续用道 家的名词术语来表达佛家的思想。释译 法与格义法的不同在于：格义只使读者 看到外貌的形似，而释译则令人看到思 想的内在联系。它实际是对印度佛教思 想和道家思想进行一种综合的努力，为 中国佛学的产生奠定了基础。
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2
学术地位?
Academic status?
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2.1
佛教的传入?
The introduction of Buddhism?
南开19春学期(1503、1509、1603、1609、1703)《追寻幸福中国伦理史视角(尔雅)》在线作业(答案)
(单选题)25:下列对于王道和霸道的说法错误的是？
A:霸道是在秦朝末期产生
B:王道指的是以仁义治理天下
C:霸道指的是以武力、刑法、权势统治天下
D:王道是儒家的政治主张
正确答案:
(单选题)26:以下关于神性的幸福说法正确的是？
A:它是一种痛苦的幸福
B:它是一种神圣性的幸福
C:它等同于人性的幸福
(单选题)9:以下对齐物的理解错误的是？
A:齐物是达到逍遥境界的一种方法
B:齐物打破了看待事物的自我中心意识
C:齐物认为万物都是整齐划一的，不具有特殊性
D:齐物能够使人免除羡欲之累
正确答案:
(单选题)10:以下关于伦理秩序的说法不正确的是？
A:中国使用哲学来安装伦理秩序
B:西方使用基督教来安装伦理秩序
A:所有的欲望都是合理的欲望。
B:社会认可会给人以安全感。
C:社会伦理秩序具有时空超越性。
D:欲望是一种不合理的社会存在。
正确答案:
(单选题)24:下列关于共家学派的知识结构说法错误的是？
A:它包括对中外哲学经典的阅读
B:它包括对马恩原典著作的阅读
C:它不要求掌握古代汉语知识
D:它要求对格律诗、书法的掌握
正确答案:
(单选题)29:以下哪项是最大的伦理？
A:家庭伦理
B:社会伦理
C:生态伦理
D:国际伦理
正确答案:
(单选题)30:董仲舒认为“王”字中的三画为天地人，而连其中的是？
A:仁
B:道
C:爱
D:权
正确答案:
(单选题)31:共家学派是由谁倡导的？
A:毛泽东
B:韦正翔
C:马克思
D:葛兰西
追寻幸福-中国伦理史视角-韦正翔-期末考试+答案
追寻幸福-中国伦理史视⾓-韦正翔-期末考试+答案追寻幸福：中国伦理史视⾓期末考试（成绩82分，我不是100%都对的哦~）课程介绍共家学派即是在马克思主义的框架中复活中国传统哲学，实现中国传统哲学的现代化，最终形成的古今贯通、中西融合的中国共产主义学派，这是韦正翔教授最先倡⽴的概念。
《追寻幸福：中国伦理学视⾓》这门课程探讨了中国传统思想中儒墨佛道法等各家的幸福观，并与共家学派的思想进⾏了⽐较。
旨在使学⽣在中国伦理史与马克思主义哲学的双重视域下理解先⼈对幸福的根本看法，并由此产⽣⾃⼰的感...“幸福”介绍选择题(60分)1、向秀和郭象认为怎样去追求幸福(2.00分)A．独化B．逍遥C．⾄⼈D．要逍遥，称为⾄⼈2、做了坏事，去寺庙求⼼灵的安慰，属于那个学派的⾏为(2.00分)A．法家B．墨家C．道家D．佛家3、以下关于三统说不正确的是？(2.00分)A．三统说由董仲舒提出。
B．三统说属于神秘主义的历史观。
C．夏代以寅⽉为正⽉，是⿊统。
D．商朝尚⾚，是⾚统。
4、以下对墨家的“仁”“爱”说法正确的是？(2.00分)A．“仁”和“爱”是不同的5、“⽣命中不可承受之轻”是以下哪位作家的名⾔？(2.00分)A．普鲁斯特B．⽶兰·昆德拉C．乔伊斯D．萨特6、共家学派要在什么的层次上去宽容其他学派的学术版本的⼩幸福观(2.00分) A．法理B．精神C．术D．物质7、幸福是对什么的满⾜(2.00分)A．⽣存B．欲望C．⼼理D．⼈⽣8、孔⼦学说中的幸福之路是？(2.00分)A．学⽽优则仕B．修⾝齐家C．⼈尽其⽤D．随⼼所欲不逾矩9、⽼⼦认为幸福的原则就是要(2.00分)A．治国B．效法⾃然C．平天下D．修⾝养性10、以下关于孔⼦的说法错误的是？(2.00分)A．他出⽣于春秋战国时期。
B．他是中国历史上第⼀任私⼈教师。
C．他曾周游列国。
D．孟⼦是他的弟⼦。
11、以下对向秀和郭象的⽞学说法正确的是？(2.00分)A．切中了儒家的不⾜之处B．为佛学的兴起提供了思想条件12、对我国，影响最⼤的佛学派别是(2.00分)A．菩提达摩的佛学B．慧可的佛学C．北佛学D．惠能的禅宗13、以下不属于古代⽂⼈四艺的是？(2.00分)A．书B．画C．琴D．猎14、下列对修道的说法正确的是？(2.00分)A．修道的“道”指的是道家B．修道要求⼈们有毅⼒，耐烦C．修道⽆法在⼩事上体现D．修道的见效快15、⽼⼦讲任何的事物当中都有阴阳，这个在辩证法⾥对应的是(2.00分) A．太极B．⼋卦C．正反D．⽭盾16、佛学中什么宗与道家思想的相互作⽤导致了禅宗的兴起(2.00分) A．中道宗B．华严宗C．成实宗D．地论宗17、中国⼀般的百姓还是看重(2.00分)A．利B．益C．物质D．精神18、中国神话故事中第⼀个顶天⽴地的⼈物是？(2.00分)A．夸⽗B．刑天19、以下关于欲望的说法错误的是？(2.00分)A．欲望可以分为⾃然欲望和社会欲望。
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他们的学术地位与玄学的学术地位相关。 西汉末东汉初之际，为纬书及谶（chèn） 书最盛行的时代。古文经学家不用谶纬， 使孔子反于“师”之地位。东汉及三国之 际，道家学说复兴。至南北朝时，道家之 学益盛。道家之学，当时谓为玄学。玄学 家虽宗奉道家，而其中之一部分仍以孔子 学说为思想正统。而向秀与郭象的玄学一 是切中了儒家的不足之处，二是为佛学的 兴起提供了思想条件。
3
追寻幸福?
After happiness?
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幸福之路 ◎ 逍遥与至人
Way of pursuing happiness: A man can get happiness through the Happy Excursion or become the “Perfect Man”.
、
译
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参考书目2
3、A History of Chinese Philosophy, Vol.1 & 2, by Yu-lan Fung (Author) , Derk Bodde(Translator)，Princeton University Press (August 1, 1983) 4、 A Short History of Chinese Philosophy by Yu-lan Fung (Author), Derk Bodde (Editor)
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3.1.4
何谓“无为”？
What is “nonactivity”?
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无为即各任其自为。无为而无 不为。主上无为于亲事，而有 为于用臣。臣能亲事，主能用 臣。
Non-activity means let things be themselves. By relying on non-activity, there will be nothing unaccomplished. The rulers non-activity consists in the management of affairs; his activity consists in the functioning of his ministers. It is the ministers who can manage affairs, but it is the ruler who can cause them to function.
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3.1.3
万物之变化？
The change of all things?
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天地万物，无时而不移也。夫 礼义，当其时而用之。则西施 也。时过而不弃，则丑人也。
Heaven, Earth, and all things are ever in a state of change. His Shih exemplifies one whose manners were suitable for the occasion; the ugly woman exemplifies one who failed to cast them aside even after the proper occasion for them had passed.
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1.3
生活经历?
Life experience?
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向秀清悟有远识，好老庄之学， 振起玄风。郭象少有才理，好老 庄，能清言。为人行薄，以秀义 不传于世，遂窃以为己注，有添 加内容，故《庄子注》可视为二 人合著之作品。
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Hsiang Hsiu was clear in understanding and far-reaching in knowledge. He had an extraordinary liking for Lao and Chuang, evoked the real spirit of Taoism. Kuo Hsiang already showed outstanding talent as a youth. He was fond of Lao and Chuang and an adept in “pure tall” ( or ch’ing t’an, the art of conversing about philosophy and abstract topics only, avoiding all mundane matters). He was a man of petty character, and on seeing that Hsiu’s treatise was not transmitted in the world, he plagiarized it and made it out to be his own commentary, and he added some contents. So the Chuang-tzu Commentary can be considered as a collaborated work.
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1.2
来自?
From where?
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向秀为河内怀人，即 现在的河南武陟县。 郭象的出生地不明。 Hsiang Hsiu was a native of Huai in Honei, the present Wuchih County in Henan Province.The birth place of Kuo Hsiang is unknown.
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Their academic status was related to that of the Mysterious Learning. At the end of the Western Han and the beginning of the Eastern Han, the apocryphal and prognostication texts were most prevalent. With the rise of the Old Text school, however, this literature gradually fell into disfavor and the position of Confucius reverted from that of a semidivine being back once more to that of “teacher”. At the beginning of the Eastern Han and in the Period of the Three Kingdoms, there was a revival of Taoism. During the Period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Taoism became increasingly important. Taoism was called “Mysterious Learning” at that time. Noteworthy is the fact that though all these men were adherents of Taoism, some nevertheless continued to regard Confucius’ doctrine as orthodox theory. The Mysterious Learning of Hsxiang Hsiu and Kuo Hsiang, one the one hand, noticed the disadvantages of Confucianism, and on the other hand, provided the theoretical conditions for the rising of Buddhism. Company Logo
3
• 追寻幸福？
2
• After
happiness?
•学术地位？
1
• Academic status?
• 谁？
• Who?
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1
谁?
Who?
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1.1
生活于?
Lived?
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向秀和郭象为南北朝时期的魏晋玄学 代表人物。向秀字子期，其生卒年代 为221-3ny Logo
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction 7. Tung Chung-shu One Hundred Schools 8. Neo-Taoism Comfucius , Mencius 9/10. Buddhism (1) (2) Lao Tzu, ChuangTzu 11. Neo-Confucianism Xun Tzu, MoTzu, 12. Marxism in China Han Fei 13. Islam and Christianity 6. The sole dominating in China (TBD) position of Confucianism
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3.1.2
万物之联系？
The relationships of things in the universe?
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宇宙间之任何事物，皆与其 间之他任何事物有关系。 “唇齿者，未尝相为，而唇 亡则齿寒”。
Each and every thing in the universe has relationship with each and every other thing. “The lips and teeth never deliberately act for each other, yet when the lips are gone, the teeth feel cold.”