选修6 unit2 语法

虚拟语气
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要 用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、 表语 从句、宾语从句等。
通常有三种情况： ①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
1. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法
条件从句
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
与现在事实相
反
动词过去式(或
be _h_e_l_d_o_n_S_a_t_u_r_d_a_y_______.
有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。
8、主语从句It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用 did/were或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
6主语从句It’s necessary/strange/natural/urgent/ important/a pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句中的动词要 I用t i虚s s拟tr,a即ng(eshthoautl_d_)h_+_e动_(_词s_h_原o_u形_l_d__) _s_a_y_s_o_____.
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4. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a rest.
5. 他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.
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8. 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!
If only our parents could live with us!
It is high time that__________________. 该是我们吃午饭的时候了w。e had our lunch It is time that______________________. 该是他作出决定的时he候m了a。de up his mind
9、由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导 的惊叹句。和wish引导的宾语从句用法一样。
他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that__h_e_(_s_h__o_u_ld__)_t_h_in_k__s_o.
他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。
It is natural that__a_b_i_r_d_(_s_h_o_u_l_d__) _re_s_t_i_n__tr_e_e_s__. 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。
were)
与过去事实相
反
had+过去分词
should/ would /could/ might+动词原形
should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词
与将来事实相
反
1.should+动词原形 should/ would/ could/
2.动词过去式
might +动词原形
9. 要是我没错过火车就好了！
If only I hadn’t missed the train!
It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.
根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。
It is arranged that he_(_s_ho_u_ld_)l_ea_v_e _fo_r _Ca_n_ad_a_o_n_Fr_id_a_y . 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。 It is suggested that_t_h_e_E_n_g_li_s_h_e_v_e_n_in_g__(_sh_o_u_l_d)
2.What do you think of his proposal that we （should ）put on a play at the English evening?
3.My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I wish I _w_e_r_e__a bird. (be)
3、would rather 后的宾语从句
与现在事实相反
would rather 与过去事实相反
that
与将来事实相反
did
had done did
I would rather you could teach me again. I would rather__th_e_y__ca_m__e_t_o_m_o_r_r_o_w__. 我宁愿他们明天来。
It is necessary that_h_e_(_s_h_o_u_l_d_)b_e__s_e_n_t_t_o_B_e_i_ji_n_g___. 有必2020要/5/28立即派他去北京rig。ht away
7主语从句It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / etc. 结构中要使用虚拟语气。 It’s suggested that the plan(should) be carried out.
The manager would rather that his secretary__w_e_n_t_t_o_t_h_e_m__e_e_ti_n_g_i_n_st_e_a_d_o_f_h_i_m___. 经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。
4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气
一个坚持 ___i_n_s_is_t_______
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从 句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用should＋动词 原形。另外连接从句的that不能省略。例： 1.My suggestion is that we （should） go there at once.
8. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 9. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic
computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
If only I had passed the test ！ If only it stopped raining！
比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好
了”。 only if
I wake up __________the alarm clock rings.
A.must be done B. was done
C. be done
D. were done
3. There was a traffic jam; otherwise I ____ here
on time.
A. would be B. had been
C. should be D. would have been
4.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___
there.
A. was B. were C. had been D. went
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5.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given
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+ did(与事实相反的情况, )
wish + had done(与过去事实相反)
+would /could/ might +do (将来不大可能实现的愿望 )
The little boy knows so many things as if he were a man.
The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形, 或者将
should省略。
The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.
5、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
3.were to+动词原形
2.wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反
过去式（were）
与过去事实相反 与将来 事实相反
1.had+过去分词
2. could + have +过去分 词 would/could/might+ 动词原形
He wished he _h_a_d__n_e_ve_r__b_ee_n__in_v_o_l_v_e_d_in such affairs. (involve)
两个命令 __o_r_d_e_r_,_c_o_m__m__and 三个建议 __a_d_v_is_e_,__su__g_g_e_s_t_, _p_r_o_p_o_s_e___ 五个要求 _d_e_m__a_n_d_,_r_e_q_u_i_r_e_,_r_e_q_u_e_s_t_,_d_esire