Probing Patterns of Supersymmetry Breaking using Phenomenological Constraints

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英语语篇中的象似性

Ａｎｄｏｕｔｏｆｈｅｔｈｏｕｓｅｓｔｈｅｒａｔｓｃａｍｅｔｕｍｂｌｉｎｇ…
１象似性的概念及分类
目前国内外学者对 “ 象似性 ” 的研究表明， “ 象似性” 这一
术语发端于被誉为“ 现代符号学之父” 的皮尔斯。他认为符号
的能指和所指之间自然存在着可论证的相似关系。据此，他
将符号分为三种类型：象似符（ｉｃｏｎ），引得符（ｉｎｄｅｘ）和代码符（ｓｙｍｂｏ１）。而按照象似符的复杂程度，皮尔斯又将其分为三
（Ｂｒｏｗｎｉｎｇ）
英语语篇中的象似性
郭玉莲
（长江大学文理学院外国语系湖北・荆州４３４０２０）
摘要象似性普遍存在于语言各个层面上。本文从认知的角度出发，以皮尔斯对象似符的三分法为基础，阐述了三
种不同的象似性在语篇中的具体体现，发现象似性对于语篇形与义的完美结合起着重要作用。这对于深入了解这语
这是Ｂｒｏｗｎｎｇｉ在ＰｉｅｄＰｉｐｅｒ这首诗中对老鼠的活动所做
小类。第一类是“ 影象” （ｉｍａｇｅｉｃｏｎ），符号与对象单纯是在某的描述。诗中，诗人用拟声词ｍｕｔｔｅｒ，ｇｒｕｍｂｌｅ和ｒｕｍｂｌｅ栩栩些属性上相似，如照片。第二类是 “ 拟象” （ｄｉａｇｒａｍ），符号与对如生地在读者眼前再现了老鼠由小到大的声音和动作，抓住象是在结构或关系上相似，如地图。第三类是 “ 喻象”（ｍｅｔａ．了他们注意力，也使得整个篇章更加连贯。

《了不起的盖茨比》中散射型虚构运动的翻译对比——以姚乃强译本

第３５卷第４期
（社会科学版）
Ｖｏｌ．３５Ｎｏ．４
２０１９年８月ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＨｅｂｅｉＮｏｒｔｈＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ（ＳｏｃｉａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＥｄｉｔｉｏｎ）Ａｕｇ．２０１９
《了不起的盖茨比》中散射型虚构运动的翻译对比
———以姚乃强译本和谷歌翻译为例
一、散射型虚构运动
散射型大体上指某些不可触知的实体从一个始
收稿日期：２０１９０５１５作者简介：黄妮（１９９４），女，河南周口人，华东理工大学外国语学院外国语言学及应用语言学在读硕士研究生，主要研究
方向为认知语言学、英汉语对比与翻译。
由于不同语言对虚构运动的表达不同，Ｔａｌｍｙ将框架事件中主要由附加语来表达核心路径的语言归为卫星框架语言，主要由动词表达核心路径的语言归为动词框架语言。运动事件的表达是运动与路径互动合作的过程，也是句法核心和意义核心互动合作的过程。［７］下文以《了不起的盖茨比》姚乃强译本和谷歌的译文进行对比，来探讨谷歌翻译软件在散射型虚构运动中的优势与不足。
关键词：《了不起的盖茨比》；运动事件；路径语义；翻译对比；散射型ＤＯＩ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．２０９５４６２Ｘ．２０１９．０４．０１１中图分类号：Ｈ３１５．９文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：２０９５４６２Ｘ（２０１９）０４００４８０５网络出版地址：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｋｎｓ．ｃｎｋｉ．ｎｅｔ／ｋｃｍｓ／ｄｅｔａｉｌ／１３．１４１５．Ｃ．２０１９０７２９．０９４７．０５２．ｈｔｍｌ网络出版时间：２０１９０７２９１１：３３

英国文学选读练习题-含答案

实用文档Exercise for English Literature (2)Choose the best answer for each blank.1.________, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born inLondon about 1340.A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC.Francis BaconD. John Dryden2.Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________.A.FlandersB. FranceC.ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouragedexploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants.A.Henry VB. Henry VIIC.Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4.Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also thetriumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A.SpainB. FranceC.AmericaD. Norway5.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ________ wrote his Utopia in which he gave aprofound and truthful picture of the pe ople’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A.Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC.Francis BaconD. William Shakespear6.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen ________.A.MaryB. ElizabethC.WilliamD. Victoria7.English Renaissance Period was an age of ________.A.prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC.essays and journalsD. ballads and songs8.From the following, choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work: ________.A.The Advancement of LearningB. The New InstrumentC.EssaysD. The New AtlanticsE.Venus and Adonis9.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A.songsB. playsediesD. sonnets10.The heroines of Shakespeare’s great comedies, ________ are the daughters of the Renaissance, whoseimages and stories will remain a legacy to readers and audiences of all time.A.PortiaB. RoselandC.ViolaD. Beatrice11.Choose the four great tragedies of Shakespeare from the following ________.A.HamletB. OthelloC.MacbethD. King LearE.Timon of Athens12.Which play is not a comedy? ________A.A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC.Twelfth NightD. Romeo and JulietE.As You Like It13.“Denmark is a prison”. In which play does the hero summarise his observation of his world into such a bittersentence? ________A.Charles IB. OthelloC.Henry VIIID. Hamlet14.The works of ________ and the Authorised Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of theEnglish language.A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC.William ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson15.In which play does the hero show his profound reverence for man through the sentence: “What a piece ofwok is a man! How nobel in reason! How finite in faculty!” ________A.Romeo and JulietB. HamletC.OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice16.In 1649, ________ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth.A.James IB. James IIC.Charles ID. Charles II17.The revolution of 1688 meant three of the following things: ________.A.the supremacy of ParliamentB.the beginning of modern EnglandC.the triumph of the principal libertyD.the triumph of the principle of political libertyE.the Restoration of monarchy18.Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets? ________A.John DonneB. George HerbertC.John MiltonD. Richard Lovelace19.Which work was NOT written by John Milton? ________A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC.Samson AgonistesD. Volpone20.Paradise Lost is ________.A.John Milton’s masterpieceB.a great epic in 12 booksC.written in blank verseD.about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority21.John Milton is ________.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylistD.a great master of blank verse22.From the Old Testament, John Milton took his stories of Paradise Lost, i.e. ________.A.the creationB.the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angelsC.their defeat and expulsion from HeavenD.the creation of the death and of adam and EveE.the fallen angels in hell plotting against GodF.Satan’s temptation of EveG.the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden23.The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and ________ is often regarded as the real hero ofthe poem.A. GodB. SatanC. AdamD. Eve24.Who is the greatest of the Metaphysical school of poetry? ________A.John DonneB. George HerbertC.Andrew MarvellD. Henry Vaugham25.________ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A.The RenaissanceB. The EnlightenmentC.The Religious ReformationD. The Chartist Movement26.The main literary stream of the 18th century was ________. What the writers described in their works weremainly social realities.A.naturalismB. romanticismC.classicismD. realismE.sentimentalism27.The eighteenth century was the golden age of the English ________. The novel of this period spoke the truthabout life with an uncompromising courage.A.dramaB. poetryC.essayD. novel28.In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ________ and ________, which made him well-known as a satirist.A.A Tale of a TubB. Bickerstaff AlmanacC.Gulliver’s TravelsD. A Modest Proposal29.“Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This sentence is said by ________, oneof the greatest masters of English prose.A.Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift实用文档30.As a journalist, ________ had learned how to make his reporting vivid and credible by a skillful use ofcircumstantial detail. This power to make his characters alive and his stories credible is an inimitable gift. A.Joseph Addison B. Daniel DefoeC.Samuel RicharsonD. Tobias Smollett31.Which of the following are NOT written by William Blake? ________A.Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC.Songs of ExperienceD. Auld Lang SyneE.The Marriage of Heaven and HellF. ProphecisG.Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America, a Prophecy32.In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of pre-romanticism were ________.A.William WordsworthB. William BlakeC.Robert BurnsD. Jonathan Swift33.The Romantic Age begab with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by ________.A.William WordsworthB. Samuel JohnsonC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge34.The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer ________.A.Jane AustenB. Walter ScottC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth35.The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the poetry of ________.A.William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.George Gordon ByronD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyE.John Keats36.The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists. They are ________.A.George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe ShelleyB.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Walter Scott and Jane AustenD.Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt37.Which poets belong to the Active Romantic group? ________A.George Gordon ByronB. William WordsworthC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. John KeatsE.John Milton38.Which poets belong to the Lakers? ________A.William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.John KeatsD. Robert SoutheyE.Walter Scott39.Which of the folloeing were written by Wordsworth ONLY? ________A.To the CuckooB. The Lyrical BalladsC.Lucy PoemsD. The Solitary ReaperE.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud40.The publication of ________ marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century,i.e., with classicism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England.A.The Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageD. Don Juan41.As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old, classical traditions the criteria in theirpoetical creations, ________ based his own poetical principle on the premise that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”A.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. George Gordon ByronC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. William Wordsworth42.________ was the first critic of the Romantic School.A.William WordworthB. Samuel JohnsonC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordworth and Coleridge43.Which of the following statements is (are) NOT true about George Gordon Byron? ________A.Byron’s early years had been far from happy for he was born with a clubfoot, in the frequent family scenes hismother called him “you lame brat.”B.Byron died in Italy annd was deeply mourned by the Italian people and by all progressive people throughoutthe world.C.The reactionary criticism of the 19th century tried to belittle Byron’s genius and his role in the development ofEnglish literature, but Byron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.D.Since the May 4 Movement in 1919, more and more of Byron’s poems have been translated into Chinese andwell received by the poets and young readers. Byron has now become one of the best-known English poets in our country.44.In 1805, Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled ________.A.Biographia literariaB. The PreludeC.Lucy PoemsD. The Lyrical Ballads45.________ is regarded as the most wonderful lyricist England has ever produced mainly for his poems onnature, on love, and on politics.A.William WordsworthB. John KeatsC.George Gordon ByronD. Percy Bysshe Shelley46.Which of the following statements is (are) NOT true about Percy Bysshe Shelley? ________A.Prometheus Unbound is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece, a long epic poem.B.At Eton Percy Bysshe Shelley was known as “Mad Shelley”, for his obstinate opposition to the brutal faggingsystem, according to which the younger school-boys were obliged to obey the older boys and bear a great deal of cruel treatment.C.George Gordon Byron alled Percy Bysshe Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew.”D.Percy Bysshe Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters.47.________’s pursuit of beauty in all things bespoke an aspiration a fter a better life than the sordid realityunder capitalism. His leading principle is: “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”A.Percy Bysshe ShelleyB. George Gordon ByronC.William WordsworthD. John Keats48.Choose the four immortal odes written by John Keats. ________A.Ode to the West WindB. Ode to a NightingaleC.To AutumnD. Ode on MelancholyE.Ode on a Grecian Urn49.Choose the works written by Jane Austen. ________A.Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC.Northanger Abbey C. EmmaE.Mansfield ParkF. Persuasion50.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend called ________ appeared. And it flourished in theforties and in the early fifties.A.romanticismB. naturalismC.realismD. critical realism51.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ________. The critical realists, most ofwho were novelists, described with vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticised the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.A.novelB. dramaC.poetryD. essay52.The greatest English critical realist novelist was ________, who criticised the bourgeois civilisation andshowed the misery of the common people.A.William Makepeace ThackerayB. Charles DickensC.Charlotte BronteD. Emily Bronte53.Which of the following writers belong to critical realists? ________A.Charles DickensB. Charlotte BronteC. Emily BronteD. Thomas Hardy54.________ wrote a number of little sketches of “cockney characters”. He signed them “Boz”, which was hisnickname for his young brother. His first book, Sketches by Boz appeared in 1836.A.Elizabeth GaskellB. William M. ThackerayC.Charles DickensD. Jane Austen55.________ has been called “the supreme epic of English life.”A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist56.The theme underlying ________ is the idea “Where there is oppression, there is revolution”.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist57.In the Victorian Age, poetry was not a major art intended to change the world. The main poets of the agewere ________.A.Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC.Mrs. BrowningD. Robert BurnsE.William Blake实用文档58.The ________ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. It showed the English workers wereable to appear as an independent political force and were already realising the fact that the industrial bourgeoisie was their principal enemy.A.EnlightenmentB. RenaissanceC.ChartistD. Romanticist59.Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher societyregardless of the social reality? ________A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC.Great ExpectationD. Dombey and Son60.Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel ________.A.A Tale of Two CitiesB. Great ExpectationC.Hard TimesD. David Copperfield61.________ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in which the early life of thehero is largely based on the author’s early life.A.Tom JonesB. David CopperfieldC.Oliver TwistD. Great Expectation62.The Bronte sisters are ________. They were all talented writers and all of them died young.A.Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC.Anne BronteD. Jane AustenE.Catherine63.Charlotte Bronte produced four novels: ________.A.ProfessorB. Jane EyreC.ShirleyD. VilletteE.Agnes Grey64.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ________.A.Wuthering HeightsB. Jane EyreC.EmmaD. Agnes Grey65.Choose the names appear in the novel Jane Eyre. ________A.Jane EyreB. Mr. RochesterC.Mary BartonD. Silas Marner66.Which characters appear in the novel Wuthering Heights? ________A.HeathcliffB. CatherineC.HindleyD. CathyE.Hareton67.In the novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte ________.A.pours a great deal of her own experienceB.criticises the bourgeois system of educationC.shows that true love is the foundation of marriageD.shows that women should have equal rights with men68.Women novelists began to appear in England during the second half of the ________ century.A.17thB. 18thC.19thD. 20th69.Anne Bronte also wrote two novels ________ and ________.A.ShirleyB. VilletteC.The Tenant of the Wildfell HallD. Agnes Grey70.Which of the following statements are true about Jane Eyre? ________A.One of the central themes of the book is the criticism of the bourgeois system of education.B.Another problem raised in the novel is the position of women in society.C.This book is Charlottel Bronte’s best literary production.D.In this book, the author attacked the greed, petty tyranny and lack of culture among the bourgeoisie andsympathised with the sufferings of the poor people. Her realism was coloured by petty-bourgeois philanthropy.71.Most of Robert Browning’s important works, including ________, are written in the form of dramaticmonologue.A.Dramatic LyricsB. Dramatic RomancesC. Men and WomenD. dramatics Personae72.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English ________ at the turn of the 19th century.A.critical realismB. pre-romanticismC.neo-classicismD. new romanticism73.Which statement is true? ________A.Thomas Hardy is a famous novelist.B.Thomas Hardy is also a poet.C.Thomas Hardy is a critical realist.D.Fatalism is strongly reflected in Thomas Hardy’ novels.74.According to Thomas Hardy’s own classification, his novels divided themselves into three groups. They are________.A.Novels of character and environmentB.Romances and FantasiesC.Novels of IngenuityD.Working class literature75.Novels of character and environment are also called Wessex novels, taking the southwest counties ofEngland for their setting. They include: ________.A.Under the Greenwood TreeB. The Return of the NativeC.The Mayor of CasterbridgeD. Tess of the D’UrbervillesE.Jude the Obscure76.The following statements are about Thomas Hardy’s novels, which are true? ________A.His Wessex novels are of great significance.B.The Southwest counties of England are the setting of his Wessex novels.C.There is pessimism in his novels.D.Mankind is subjected to hostile and mysterious fate.E.There are elements of naturalism in his works.77.Oscar Wilde is one of the important dramatists in the 19th century. In his comedies, he criticises the upperclass of the English bourgeois society. His best comedies are ________.dy Windermere’s FanB.A Woman of No ImportanceC.An Ideal HusbandD.The Importance of Being EarnestE.The Picture of Dorian Gray78.Oscar Wilde was the representative among the writers of ________.A.aestheticismB. decadenceC.critical realismD. pre-romanticism79.Alfred Tennyson’s poetic output was vast and varied. His main poems are ________.A.The PrincessB. MaudC.In MemoriamD. Idylls of the KingE.Crossing the Bar80.Which of the following short poems was/were written by Alfred Tennyson? ________A.Break, Break, BreakB. Crossing the BarC.The EagleD. Sweet and LowE.Tears, Idle Tears81.Which lament was written by Alfred Tennyson for the death of his friend Hallam? ________A.In MemoriamB. LycidasC.AdodaisD. Elegy written in a Country Churchyard82.My Last Duchess is ________.A.a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC.a novelD. an essay83.________ are generally regarded as Joseph Conrad’s finest novels.A.Lord JimB. NostromoC.YouthD. The Old Wives’ Tale84.Who is regarded as a forerunner of the “stream of consciousness” literature in the 20th century?A.John GalsworthyB. Henry JamesC.Thomas Stearns EliotD. James Joyce85.George Bernard Shaw’s essay ________, a commentary on Henrik Ibsen’s dramatic works, served also as theauthor’s own program of dramatic creation.A.Widower’s HousesB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC.Major BarbaraD. The Quintessence of Ibsenism86.In English literature, ________ and ________ are the two best-known novelists of the “stream ofconsciousness” school.A.David Herbert LawrenceB. Robert TressellC.James JoyceD. Virginia Woolf87.________’s admirers have praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in his mastery of English language.”实用文档A.D.H. LawrenceB. T.S. EliotC.James JoyceD. W.B. Yeats88.________ is the climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiments in novel form.A.The WindowB. Time PassesC.To the LighthouseD. The Waves89.Which of the following novels belong(s) to the “stream of consciousness” school of novel writing?A.UlyssesB. Finnegans WakeC.To the LighthouseD. The Waves90.________ was written by James Joyce.A.The Portrait of an Artist as a Young ManB.Portrait of a LadyC.The Picture of Dorian GrayD.To the Lighthouse91. D.H. Lawrence’s representative work ________ was positively taken as a typical example and livelymanifestation of the Oedipus Complex in fiction, as the result of Lawrence’s long-range study of the psychologic theories of Sigmund Freud.A.Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. Women in Love92.Which of the characters are in the novel Sons and Lovers?A.Mrs. MorelB. PaulC. MiriamD. Clara93.Which of the following writers were from Ireland?A.George Bernard ShawB. Jonathan SwiftC.James Joyce Oscar WildeE.W.B. Yeats94.Which of the following play(s) was/were NOT written by George Bernard Shaw?A.Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionB. Widower’s HousesC.Major BarbaraD. PygmalionE.The Man of Property95.Which of the following plays deals with the story that a linguist trains a flower girl to speak the so-calledhigh-civilised English?A.Major BarbaraB. PygmalionC.Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionD. Man and Superman96.In 1923, ________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.A.William Butler YeatsB. Samuel ButlerC.Thomas Stearns EliotD. David Herbert Lawrence97.William Butler Yeats was _______.A.an Irish poetB. a dramatistC. a criticD. a senator in the Irish Free State in 192198.Thomas Stearns Eliot defined his belief as ________.A.classicist in literatureB. royalist in politicsC.Anglo-Catholic in religionD. all of the above99.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A.Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in America.B.Thomas Stearns Eliot became a British subject in 1927.C.Thomas Stearns Eliot was educated in Harvard University and Oxford University.D.Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, a critic and a playwright.E.Thomas Stearns Eliot was also a great novelist.100.In which poem are the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world after 1st World War expressed?A.Ode to the West WindB. The Solitary ReapermiaD. The Waste LandKeys:1-5: A, D, D, A, A 6-10: B, B, D, D, ABCD11-15:ABCD, D, D, C, B 16-20: C, ABC, AB, D, ABCD21-25: ABCD, ABCDEFG, B, A, B 26-30: D, D, AD, D, B31-35: D, BC, D, B, ABCDE 36-40: C, ACD, ABD, ACDE, A41-45: D, C, B, B, D 46-50: A, D, BCDE, ABCDEF, D51-55: A, B, ABCD, C, C 56-60: A, ABC, C, C, A61-65: B, ABC, ABCD, A, AB 66-70: ABCDE, ABCD, C, CD, ABCD71-75: ABCD, A, ABCD, ABC, ABCDE76-80: ABCDE, ABCD, AB, ABCED, ABCDE81-85: A. A. AB, B, D 86-90: CD, C, D, ABCD, A 91-95: A, ABCE, ABCDE, E, B 96-100: A, ABCD, D, E, D。

2020年4月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析

1A ． The Return of the NativeB ． Tess of the D 'Urbervilles全国 2018年4月历年自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码： 00604I. Multiple Choice ( 40 points in all, 1for each )Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answer the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.establishment of the form of the modern novel.of the 20 th -century English poetry.time.5．William Blake 's central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is _________________which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. A ． youthhood B ． childhood C ．happinessD ． sorrow6．All of the following works are known as Hardy 's “novels of character and environment EXCETP.1． The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulatedby a series of historical eventsEXCEPTA ． the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB ． the vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaC ． the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD ． the religious reformation and the economic expansion 2． Henry Fielding has been regarded by some«as “_”,for his contribution to theA ． Father of the English NovelB ． F ather of the English PoetryC ． Father of the English DramaD ． F ather of the English Short Story3． T ．S ． Eliot 's most important single poemhas been hailed as a landmark and a modelA ． The Hollow ManB ． The Waste LandC ． Murder in the CathedralD ． Ash Wednesday4．G eorge Bernard Shaw 's play established his position as the leading play-wright of hisA ．Widowers 'Houses B ． Too True to Be Good C ．Mrs. Warren 's Profession D ． Candida29． Among the following writers ______________ created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. A ． Robert Browning B ． Matthew Arnold C ．Alfred TennysonD ． Edward Fitzgerald10． “ Iits a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife. ”The quoted part is taken from _____________________ . A ．Jane EyreB ． Wuthering HeightsC ．Pride and PrejudiceD ． Sense and Sensibility11． Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ____________ has brought the English novel ,as an art of form, to its maturity. A ． Charlotte Bront ? B ． Jane Austen C ．Emily Bront ?D ．Ann Radcliffe12． Shelley 's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama _________ , which is an exultant work in praise of humankind 's potential. A ． AdonaisB ． Queen MabC ．Prometheus UnboundD ．A Defence of Poetry13． The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility ”belongs toB ． Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC ． Robert Southey 14． All of the followingpoems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPTC ． Jude the ObscureD ． Far from the Madding Crowd7．Among the works by Charles Dickens ___________ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds. A ． Bleak House B ． Pickwick Paper C ． Great ExpectationsD ． Hard Times8． The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens 'works is his A ． simple vocabularyB ． bitter and sharp criticismC ．character-portrayalD ． pictures of happinessA ． William Wordsworth D ． William Blake精品自学考试资料推荐3All of the followi ng are stream -of- con scious ness no vels EXCEPT 16． Shakespeare 's four greatest tragedies are ____________ . A ． Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet B ．Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice C ． Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD ．Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet17．As one of the greatest masters of English prose, _______________ defined a good style as “properwords in proper places ”. A ．Henry Fielding B ． Jonathan Swift C ．Samuel JohnsonD ． Alexander Pope18．All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people EXCEPT __________________________ . A ．Robinson Crusoe B ． Captain Singleton C ．Moll FlandersD ． Colonel Jack19． Among the three major works by John Milton ____________________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. A ．Paradise Regained B ． Samson Agonistes C ．LycidasD ． Paradise Lost20．English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with .A ．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the ParliamentB ．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge 'sLyrical BalladsC ．the publication of T ．S ．Eliot 's The waste LandD ．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament21．Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of ________ .A ．I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud B ． “An Evening Walk C ． Tintern AbbeyD ． “The Solitary Reaper15． A ． Pilgrimage B ． UlyssesC ． Mrs. DallowayD ． Tess of the D 'UrbervillesA．the common English people B．the upper classC．the rising bourgeoisie D．the enterprising landlords22．The major concern of _________ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A．John Galsworthy 's B．Thomas Hardy 's C．D．H．Lawrence 's D．Charles Dickens '23．The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised ___________ for “his powerful style-forming mastery ofthe art”of creating modern fiction.A．Ezra Pound B．Ernest HemingwayC．Robert Frost D．Theodore Dreiser24．In 1950, ________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust .A ．William Faulkner B．Robert FrostC．Ezra Pound D．Ernest Hemingway25．Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel _________ concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Typee B．RedburnC．Moby-Dick D．Mardi26．The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and, especially, its sequence _____________ proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B．Life on the MississippiC．The Gilded Age D．Roughing It27．The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be ___________ masterpiece, which describes the life journey of an American _____________ in a European cultural environment.A . Henry Adams '…widow B. William James '…girlC. Henry James'…girlD. Theodore Dreiser's…widow28. Hawthorne intended to ________ in The Scarlet Letter.A . tell a story of parental loveB.tell a story of sin and bloody violence4C.call the readers back to the plantation way of livingD．reveal the human psyche after they sinned29．“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. ”This “iceberg”analogy is put forward by ______ .A．Mark Twain B．Ezra PoundC．William Faulkner D．Ernest Hemingway30．In many of Hawthorne 's stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, or the Puritan past is shown in an almost totally negative light, especially in his ______________________ and The Scarlet Letter .A ．Twice-Told Tales B．The Blithedale RomanceC．The Marble Faun D．The House of the Seven Gables31 ．The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes ______________________ for Melville, for it is complex,unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A ．societyB ．natureC．ocean animals D ．both A and C32．After the American Civil War, the literary interest in the so-called “reality ”of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of __________ .A ．RealismB ．Reason and Revolution C．Romanticism D ．Modernism33．H ．L ．Mencken considered _______ “the true father of our national literature ”.A．Bret Harte B ．Mark TwainC．Washington Irving D ．Walt Whitman34．Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote 1775 poems, of which only ___________ had appeared during her lifetime. A．three B ．fiveC．seven D ．nine35．The _______ Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby . A．Lost B ．JazzC．Reason D ．Gilded36．Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in __________ .5A．the west B ．the southC．Alaska D ．New England37．As _______ saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rule.A ．Wordsworth LongfellowB ．William BryantC．Walt Whitman D ．Robert Frost38．Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the “single ”poem, ________ .A．The Love Song of J．Alfred Prufrock B ．The Waste LandC．Murder in the Cathedral D ．Leaves of Grass39．Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to ___________ .A ．ModernismB ．ScientismC．Post-Modernism D ．Feminism40．Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of __________ in his novels which is best describeda i ”as “vernacular ”.A ．standard EnglishB ．Afro-American English C．colloquialism D ．urbanismII．Reading Comprehension ( 16 points in all,4 for each )Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.41．“ Shall cI ompare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer 's lease hath all too short a date:”Questions:A ．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.C．What is the theme of the poem?642．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you ------------------- i t is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God 's feet, equal—as we are!”Questions:A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.B．To whom is the speaker speaking?C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker?43．“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep. ”Questions:A ．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B．What does the word “sleep”mean?C．What idea do the four lines express?44．“Icelebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”(from Walt Whitman 's “Song of Myself”)Questions:A ．Whom does “myself”refer to?B．How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul ”?C．What does “a spear of summer grass”indicate?III．Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each )Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers inthe corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.745．“‘ Myboy! 'said the old gentleman, leaning over the desk. Oliver stated at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears. ”( from Charles Dickens 'Oliver Twist ) Explain why Oliver Twist started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were “kindly ”said.46．It is said that B. Shaw 's play, Mrs. Warren 's Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist 's Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.47．“In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. ”( from Theodore Dreiser 's Sister Carrie )What idea can you draw from the “rocking-chair ”?48．Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?IV．Topic Discussion ( 20 points in all, 10 for each )Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.49．Daniel Defoe 's novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the risingmiddle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.50．“‘My faith is gone! 'cried he( Goodman Brown ) ,after one stupefied moment. ‘There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given. '”( from Nathaniel Hawthorne 's “Young Goodman Brown ”)Make a comment on this passage.8。

英语八级人文知识100题

1 What country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf？A United States of AmericaB United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandC New ZealandD Canada2 The national anthem国歌of Canada is ____A Canada The BeautifulB O CanadaC God Defend CanadaD Advance Canada Fair3 The capital city of Canada is ____A MontrealB TorontoC AlbertD Ottawa4 According to the Official Language of Act of Canada，there are two official language in this country：they are____A English and SpanishB English and PortugueseC English and FrenchD English and Celtic5 Canada is a world ____producer of nickel镍，zinc锌，and asbestos 石棉……A primaryB secondC thirdD fourth6 The highest peak山峰in Canada is ____，which is the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.A Mount LawrenceB Mount SuperiorC Mount Logan洛根峰6050米D Mount Huron7 St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____A America and MexicoB America and CanadaC America and CubaD America and Brazil8 Apart from Paris，France，Montreal is regarded as the largest____city in the world，known as “Paris the Second”.A Spanish-speakingB Portuguese-speakingC German-speakingD French-speaking9 ____，the third largest city in Canada，is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.A Montreal second largestB Quebec魁北克;largest provinceC Toronto largesrD Vancouver温哥华10 Canada is the world‘s ____country in terms of land area.A largestB second largestC third largestD fourth largest11. ____is the core of the English Government.A the Sovereign 君主B the House of Lords上议院C the House of CommonsD the Cabinet内阁12. Melbourne is located ____A in CanadaB in New ZealandC in IrelandD in Australia13. ____forced Nixon to resign in 1973.A The Watergate Scandal 水门事件B The Iran-Gate ScandalC The Un-American Activities CommitteeD The New Right14. The young people in the post-WWI era are referred to a s “_____”A the Boom GenerationB the Lost GenerationC the YuppiesD the Cowboys15. ____was greatly influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry.A Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德B WaltWhitmanC Robert Frost 罗伯特D Edgar Allan Poe艾伦.坡16. Which of the following novels was NOT written by Charles Dickens?A David Copperfield 大卫-科波菲尔B The Pickwick Papers皮科维克传C Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿D Women in Love 恋爱中的女人—劳伦斯17. A myth is a ____ tale originally with religious significance that explains the actions of gods or heroes, the causes of natural phenomena or both.A non-fictionalB fictional虚构C gothic 哥特式，野蛮的D poetic18. The force of a/an ____ act is identical with the speak er’s intention.A illocutionary 语内表现行为的B locutionary非语内表现行为C perlocutionary 言语表达效果D prelocutionary19.Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as ____A paroleB languageC systemD langue （与parole“言语”相对）20. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are ____A homophonesB homographsC complete homonymsD allophones21 Which poem is not written by Freneau弗伦诺?A The British Prison ShipB The Wild Honey SuckleC The Indian Burying GroundD The Flood of Years似水流年布莱恩特22Thomas Jefferson’s attitude ,that is , a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call _____.A Age of EvolutionB Age of Reason理性时代C Age of RomanticismD Age of Regionalism23 Which of the following is NOT one part of the Leather Stocking Tales by Cooper?A The SpyB The Pathfinder探险者C The Pioneers 拓荒者D The Deerslayer杀鹿者24 Which statement about Thoreau梭罗is NOT right?A He was a lover of nature.B He was particular kind of romantic.C He was polemicist辩论家.D He was a thorough transcendentalist先验论者.梭罗崇尚自然生活简单，与世无争，不入尘嚣25 Which of the following has been called “the manifesto宣言of American Transcendentalism先验论” ?A Divinity School AddressB Self-relianceC NatureD The American Scholar26 As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.A sentimentalism感情主义B transcendentalism 超验主义C modernismD rationalism理想主义27 The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as _____.A the Modern PeriodB the Realistic PeriodC the Romantic PeriodD the Naturalist Period28 All the following are the works by Nathaniel Hawthorne EXCEPT_____.A The Marble Faun玉石雕像卷B Typee泰比Herman Melville（BILLY BUDD比利·巴德）C The Scarlet Letter 红字D Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔29 Which of the following is not a work of Emily Dickson’s?A I Heard a Fly Buzz when I Died.B The Raven大乌鸦C This is My Letter to the World.D I Like to See it Lap the Miles.30 Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ____.A the strict poetic formB the free and natural rhythmC the easy flow of feelingsD the simple and conversational language惠特曼的诗自由、清新、琅琅上口、易于理解，但并不是按照严格的格律来写31 How many members are there in the House of Commons下议院?A 650B 524C 72D 65132 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British PrimeMinister?A Margaret ThatcherB Winston ChurchillC Horatio NelsonD John Major33 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A Prime MinisterB Member of ParliamentC Lord of appealD Speaker of the House在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。

雅思预测：2013-3-23雅思阅读考试预测

阅读预测
阅读机经使用说明：以下阅读预测的内容都是雅思阅读真题的题目或文章主要内容，给出这个写题目就是要求考生提前对其背景有简单的了解。

比如Ambergris （龙涎香），如果考生不没有见过这个单词，看文章自然是云山雾罩；如果你提前了解了Ambergris（龙涎香）这个东西，知道龙涎香是抹香鲸科动物的肠内分泌物制成的香料，你在阅读的时候就能大大提高效率和理解能力，为你的阅读加分！所以，你只需要简单查阅百度百科，了解这些奇怪的概念并认识其英文名称，即可。

专业人才向管理的角色转变试题答案

课后测试如果您对课程内容还没有完全掌握，可以点击这里再次观看。

观看课程测试成绩：分。

恭喜您顺利通过考试！单选题1. 下列选项中，关于专业技术人员与管理人员的区别，表述错误的是：√A管理人员关注的是工作是否完成B专业技术人员思维模式较为单一C专业技术人员的观念是非黑即白D管理人员看重管理中的哲学和艺术正确答案：A2. 下列选项中，不属于专业人员转型为管理人员，需要克服的角色认知障碍的是：√A追求技术完美B不打无准备之仗C亲力亲为D强将手下必弱兵正确答案：D3. 在实际管理中，更需要理论倾向操纵技能的管理者层级是：√A高层管理B中层管理C前线管理D一线管理正确答案：A4. 在中层管理者的工作职责中，最重要的是：√A做B想C说D计划正确答案：B5. 下列选项中，不属于管理者作为“资源分配者”角色的主要活动是：√A调度B授权C询问D制定战略正确答案：D6. 下列选项中，不属于管理者职能的是：√A计划B执行C领导D控制正确答案：B7. 下列选项中，不属于管理者做计划时必须考虑的因素是：√A资源B目的C目标D资金正确答案：D8. 作为“领导者”的角色，首先需要展开的工作是：√A给员工培训B熟悉内部人员C激励下属D考虑企业目标正确答案：B9. 下列选项中，不属于管理者人际关系中角色典范的是：√A傀儡B领导者C传播者D联络者正确答案：C10. 管理者与专业技术人员最大的不同在于：√A做计划B做决策C做领导D管理正确答案：B判断题11. 管理者在工作上常常从深处、细微处着眼。

此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：错误12. 作为管理人才，通常会在准备尚未充足的情况下作出决定。

此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：正确13. 客户需求多元化，会使管理者发展成为专业人才。

此种说法：√正确错误正确答案：错误14. 组织职能即通过监督、指挥、培训和激励下属，带领其完成任务的过程。

此种说法：×正确错误正确答案：错误15. 对于管理者而言，是否扮演好管理者的角色，是由员工来定义。

论超验主义散文中的眼睛意象

论超验主义散文中的眼睛意象江锦年内容提要:眼睛是超验主义散文作品中的重要意象。

本文以眼睛意象为切入点，藉此探究超验主义者与世俗世界建立关系的决心，观察世界的范围和方式，以及他们对人生价值的评判。

并且，对眼睛意象加以比较分析，证明了超验主义者对眼睛原型的文化人类学阐释的借鉴和改造。

关键词:超验主义散文意象提喻原型作者简介:江锦年，武汉大学文学院博士研究生，主要研究中西文学比较。

Title:On the Image of Eyes in Transcendental ProseAbstract:Eyes are important image in transcendental essays．This article takes the image of eyes as a entry point to explore transcendentalists＇determination to build relations with secular world，ranges and methods of observing the world，and evaluation of life＇s values．Furthermore，through the comparison and analysis of the image of eyes this article demonstrates transcendentalists＇reference to and transformation of the prototype of eyes in cultural anthropology．Key words:transcendental prose image synecdoche prototypeAuthor:Jiang Jinnian is a doctor candidate at college of arts of Wuhan University(Wuhan430072，China)，majoring in comparison between Chinese and Western literature．Email:739210894@qq．com眼睛意象在超验主义散文中高频出现。

英美文学选读-英国-文艺复兴时期-练习题汇总（选择大题）

英美文学选读-英国-文艺复兴时期-练习题汇总（选择大题）I．Multiple ChoiceOld and Medieval Period1. ____ Beowulf ___, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. The Canterbury TalesB. ExodusC. D. The Legend of Good Women3. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely __ B．Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales____________.A．William Langland’ s Piers PlowmanC．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales1. ____A. B. George Gordon ByronC. Edmund SpenserD. Robert Browning1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell storiesof B. knightly __. knightly _ adventures or other heroicdeeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A .Christian C. Greek D. primitiveThe Neoclassical Period1.With classical culture and the（）humanistic ideascoming into England, the English Renaissance beganflourishing.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD.Greek2. During the reign of ________, England started its ReligiousReformation and broke away from Rome.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Edward VID.Queen Elizabeth3. The Protestant movement, which was seen as a means to recoverthe purity of the early church from the corruption andsuperstition of the Middle Ages, was initiated by _______.A. Francis BaconB. Martin LutherC. Thomas MoreD.William Shakespeare4. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a seriesof historical events EXCEPT_________.A．the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB．the vast expansion of British colonies in North America C．the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD．the religious reformation and the economic expansion5. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholarsmade attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______.A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of therising bourgeoisieD. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruptionof the Roman Catholic Church6.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism?A. Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.B. Tolerance of human foibles.C. Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.D. Glorification of religious faith.7. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modernworld.A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist8. The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ .A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry9.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（）.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism10．__ Humanism ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.A．Poetry B．Drama C． D．Reason11. About the Renaissance humanists which of the followingA. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They thought people were largely subordinated to the rulingclass without any freedom and independence.C. They couldn’t see the human values in their works.D. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importanceof the present life.12. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is_____.A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres13. Marlowe’s grea test achievement lies in that he perfectedthe __ blank verse ________and made it the principalmedium of English drama.A. B. free verse C. sonnet D. alliteration14. Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “_mightylines _____”.A. lyrical linesB. soft linesC. mighty linesD.religious lines15._______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England,while _______ brought in blank verse, i.e. the unrhymed iambic pentameter line.A. Wyatt...SurreyB. Wyatt...SidneyC. Surrey...SidneyD. Sidney...Spenser16. It was ________ who first introduced the Petrarchan sonnetinto England.A. CaxtonB. WyattC. SurreyD.Marlowe17. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare18. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ______.A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima19. Christoph er Marlow’s “The Passiona te Shepherd to HisLove” is a (n) .A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. eulogyD. epic20.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England areChristopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and ____________.A．John Milton B．John Bunyan C．Ben JonsonD．Edmund Spenser21. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England areall the following EXCEPT ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson22. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th -century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton23.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetrybest represented by John Donne’s works?A. Common speech.B. Conceit.C. Argument.D. Refined language.24. All the following poets except ________ belong to the metaphysical school.A. DonneB. HerbertC. MarvellD. Milton25. Spenser’s mas terpiece is The Faierie Queene ______, whichis a great poem of the age.A. The Shepheardes CalenderB.C. The Rape of LucreceD. The Canterbury Tales26.Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece is _____.A. The Shephea red’s CalenderB. The Faerie QueenC. EpithalamionD. The CanterburyTales27.___ Francis Bacon _ is the first important English essayistand the founder of modern science in England.A.Francis BaconB.Edmund SpenserC.William CarxtonD.Sidney28. Francis Bacon is not only the first important essayist butalso the founder of modern ______ in England.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. science29. ______, the first important English essayist, was also thefounder of modern science in England and one of the representatives of the English Renaissance.A．Christopher Marlowe B．Thomas More C．Francis Bacon D．William Shakespeare30. _____, the first important English essayist, is best knownfor his essays which greatly influenced the development of thisliterary form.A. Charles LambB. Ben JonsonC. Francis BaconD. John Lyly31．Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and ______________.A．complicity B．complexity C．powerfulnessD．mildnessWilliam Shakespeare1. Shakespeare is known to have used _________ different words.His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of theold ones also create striking effects on the reader.A. 16,000B. 1600C.20,000D. 20002. As a Renaissance humanist, Shakespeare ( )A. is against religious persecution and racial discrimination,against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.B. holds that literature should be a combination of beauty,kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. C. gives faithful reflection of the social realities of his time through his works.D. all of the above.3．Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are__ Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth______.A．Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet B．Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice C．Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD．Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet 4. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, ______and ______.（）A. King Lear...Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John...Julius CaesarD.King John…The Merchan t of Venice5.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except （）.A. Hamlet and King LearB. Antony and Cleopatra and MacbethC. Julius Caesar and OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream6. In Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, which of the followingis the typical characteristic the heroes share in common? ( )A. They have a strong lust for power and finally go into incessant crimes.B. They are perfect heroes without any weakness.C. They face the injustice of human life but are never caught in a difficult situation.D. They have a fate which is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.7. As to the great tragedy Hamlet, which of the following is not true? （一）12(浙0301)A. The timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its combination of intrigue, emotional conflict and searching philosophic melancholy.B. The bare outline of the play is based on a widespread legend in northern Europe.C. The whole story of the play is created by Shakespeare himself.D. In it, Shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court.8. ______, the melancholic scholar, prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind.A. OthelloB. MacbethC. HamletD. Antonio9. In Hamlet, the hero’s trouble mainly lies in ( )A. his pride in refusing to acknowledge his mother’s secondmarriageB. his hesitation in carrying out his plan of revengeC. his suspicion that his father was murdered by his uncleD. his ambition to gain quick access to the throne10. ____ Soliloquy ____ is a natural means of writing inrevealing the prince’s inner conflict and psychologicalpredicament in Shakespeare's Hamlet.A．Dialogue B．C．Dramatic monologue D．Satire11.“To be, or not to be - th at is the question;/Whether’ tisnobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows ofoutrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea oftroubles ,/And by opposing end then?” These lines are takenfrom _____.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD.Hamlet12．“T o be, or not to be—that is the question”is a line takenfrom___________.A．Hamlet B．Othello C．King Lear D．Themerchant of venice13.“To be, or not to be —that is the question；／whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer，／the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,／Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,／And by opposing end them?” The quoted lines are taken from______.A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD.Hamlet14. _. Macbeth’s ____ lust for power stirs up his ambition andleads him to incessant crimes.A. Othello’sB. Hamlet’sC. Shylock’s D15. _ Othello’s ____ inner weakness is made use of by theoutside evil force.A. Hamlet’sB. Othello’sC. King Lear’sD. Macbeth’s16. About Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of thefollowing is true?A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are not brought into full play at all.C. He presents the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectualexcitement and emotion.D. There is a wonderful balance of characters.17. About Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of the following is not true?A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are brought into full play.C. He praises the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectualexcitement and emotion.D. His youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity is fully reflected.18.The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night19.It is generally believed that the most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. As You Like ItC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Twelfth Night20.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice: “Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.” What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?（）A. Simile.B. Metonymy.C. Pun.D. Synecdoche.21.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you m ake the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism22.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ______.A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost23.The Tempest is a typical example ofShakespeare’s__________view of li fe towards human life and society in his late years.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above24. As the best of Shakespeare's final romances, ______ is atypical example of his pessimistic view towards human life andsociety in his late years.A. The TempestB. The Winter's TaleC. CymbelineD. The Rape of Lucrece25. Shakespeare’ s ______, an elaborate and fantastic story,is known as the best of his final romances.A. The Winter’s T aleB. The TempestC. The Taming of the ShrewD. Love’ s Labour’ s Lost26. Shakespeare’s ______ are mainly written under theprinciple that national unity under a mighty and just sovereignis a necessity.A. comediesB. tragediesC. history playsD. dark comedies27. Which of the following is William Shakespeare’s historyplay?A. MacbethB. Henry IVC. Romeo and JulietD. King Lear。

法布里珀罗基模共振英文

法布里珀罗基模共振英文The Fabryperot ResonanceOptics, the study of light and its properties, has been a subject of fascination for scientists and researchers for centuries. One of the fundamental phenomena in optics is the Fabry-Perot resonance, named after the French physicists Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, who first described it in the late 19th century. This resonance effect has numerous applications in various fields, ranging from telecommunications to quantum physics, and its understanding is crucial in the development of advanced optical technologies.The Fabry-Perot resonance occurs when light is reflected multiple times between two parallel, partially reflective surfaces, known as mirrors. This creates a standing wave pattern within the cavity formed by the mirrors, where the light waves interfere constructively and destructively to produce a series of sharp peaks and valleys in the transmitted and reflected light intensity. The specific wavelengths at which the constructive interference occurs are known as the resonant wavelengths of the Fabry-Perot cavity.The resonant wavelengths of a Fabry-Perot cavity are determined bythe distance between the mirrors, the refractive index of the material within the cavity, and the wavelength of the incident light. When the optical path length, which is the product of the refractive index and the physical distance between the mirrors, is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the incident light, the light waves interfere constructively, resulting in a high-intensity transmission through the cavity. Conversely, when the optical path length is not an integer multiple of the wavelength, the light waves interfere destructively, leading to a low-intensity transmission.The sharpness of the resonant peaks in a Fabry-Perot cavity is determined by the reflectivity of the mirrors. Highly reflective mirrors result in a higher finesse, which is a measure of the ratio of the spacing between the resonant peaks to their width. This high finesse allows for the creation of narrow-linewidth, high-resolution optical filters and laser cavities, which are essential components in various optical systems.One of the key applications of the Fabry-Perot resonance is in the field of optical telecommunications. Fiber-optic communication systems often utilize Fabry-Perot filters to select specific wavelength channels for data transmission, enabling the efficient use of the available bandwidth in fiber-optic networks. These filters can be tuned by adjusting the mirror separation or the refractive index of the cavity, allowing for dynamic wavelength selection andreconfiguration of the communication system.Another important application of the Fabry-Perot resonance is in the field of laser technology. Fabry-Perot cavities are commonly used as the optical resonator in various types of lasers, providing the necessary feedback to sustain the lasing process. The high finesse of the Fabry-Perot cavity allows for the generation of highly monochromatic and coherent light, which is crucial for applications such as spectroscopy, interferometry, and precision metrology.In the realm of quantum physics, the Fabry-Perot resonance plays a crucial role in the study of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). In cQED, atoms or other quantum systems are placed inside a Fabry-Perot cavity, where the strong interaction between the atoms and the confined electromagnetic field can lead to the observation of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as the Purcell effect, vacuum Rabi oscillations, and the generation of nonclassical states of light.Furthermore, the Fabry-Perot resonance has found applications in the field of optical sensing, where it is used to detect small changes in physical parameters, such as displacement, pressure, or temperature. The high sensitivity and stability of Fabry-Perot interferometers make them valuable tools in various sensing and measurement applications, ranging from seismic monitoring to the detection of gravitational waves.The Fabry-Perot resonance is a fundamental concept in optics that has enabled the development of numerous advanced optical technologies. Its versatility and importance in various fields of science and engineering have made it a subject of continuous research and innovation. As the field of optics continues to advance, the Fabry-Perot resonance will undoubtedly play an increasingly crucial role in shaping the future of optical systems and applications.。

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a rXiv:h ep-ph/42243v123Fe b24February 1,200823:17WSPC/Trim Size:9in x 6in for Proceedings ariz04PROBING PATTERNS OF SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING USING PHENOMENOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ∗VASSILIS C.SPANOS William I.Fine Theoretical Physics Institute,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN 55455,USA Speciﬁc models of supersymmetry breaking predict relations between the trilinear and bilinear soft supersymmetry breaking parameters A 0and B 0at the input scale.Models with A 0=B 0+m 0as well as the simplest Polonyi model with A 0=(3−√311.February 1,200823:17WSPC/Trim Size:9in x 6in for Proceedings ariz042m 0 (G e V )m 1/2 (GeV)^m 0(GeV )m 1/2 (GeV)^Figure 1.Examples of (m 1/2,m 0)planes with contours of tan βsuperposed,for µ>0(a)ˆA =−1.5,and (b)ˆA =2.0,with ˆB =ˆA −1.In each panel,we show regions excluded by various constrained as they are described in the text.For a speciﬁc value of ˆA and ˆB ,these relations may be used to replacean ad hoc assumption on the input value of A 0.For any given value of m 1/2and m 0,these constraints is satisﬁed for only speciﬁc values of tan β.Therefore,the results of imposing these SUGRA relations may conveniently be displayed in a single (m 1/2,m 0)plane across which tan βvaries in a determined manner.Furthermore,the phenomenological constraints on m 1/2and m 0can be used to provide both upper and lower limits on the allowed values of tan β2.We display in Fig.1the contours oftan β(solid blue lines)in the(m 1/2,m 0)planes for selected values of ˆA ,ˆB and µ>0.Also shownare the contours where m χ±>104GeV (near-vertical black dashed lines)and m h >114GeV (diagonal red dash-dotted lines).The excluded regions where m χ>m ˜τ1have dark (red)shading,those excluded by b →sγhavemedium (green)shading,and those where the relic density of neutralinos lies within the WMAP range 0.094≤Ωχh 2≤0.129have light (turquoise)shading.Finally,the regions favoured by g µ−2at the 2-σlevel are medium(pink)shaded.As seen in panel (a)of Fig.1,when ˆA =−1.5,close to its minimumpossible value,the contours of tan βrise diagonally from low values of (m 1/2,m 0)to higher values,with higher values of tan βhaving lower values of m 0for a given value of m 1/2.The m h =114GeV contour rises in a similar way,and regions above and to the left of this contour have m h <114GeV and are excluded.Therefore,only a very limited range of tan β∼4is compatible with the m h and ΩCDM h 2constraints.At lower values of ˆA ,February 1,200823:17WSPC/Trim Size:9in x 6in for Proceedings ariz043-2-101234511020304050tanβA = A 0/m 0µ > 0µ < 0^Figure 2.The ranges of tan βallowed if ˆB =ˆA −1for µ>0(solid lines)and µ<0(dashed lines).The Polonyi model corresponds to ˆA ≃±1.3.Also shown as ‘error bars’are the ranges of tan βallowed in the no-scale case ˆA =ˆB =0for µ>0(upper)and µ<0(lower).the slope of the Higgs contour softens and even lessof the parameter spaceis allowed.Below ˆA ≃−1.9,the entire m 1/2−m 0plane is excluded.Inpanel (b)of Fig.1,when ˆA =2.0,close to its maximal value for µ>0,the tan βcontours turn over towards smaller m 1/2,and only relatively large values 25 tan β 35are allowed by the b →sγand ΩCDM h 2constraints,respectively.We note the absences of both the funnel and the focus-point regions.In the case of the funnel,this is due to the relatively small values of tan βallowed in the class of models considered here:we recall that the funnel region appears only for large tan β 45for µ>0and tan β 30for µ<0in the CMSSM.Moreover,as A 0is increased,the focus point is pushed up to higher values of m 0.Here,with A 0∝m 0,the focus-point region recedesfaster than m 0if ˆA is large enough,and is therefore never encountered.It became clear that only limited ranges of tan βare consistent with thephenomenological constraints within any given pattern of supersymmetry breaking.We display in Fig.2the ranges of tan βallowed as a functionof ˆA .We ﬁnd consistent solutions to all the phenomenologicalconstraintsonly for −1.9<ˆA <2.5,over which range 3.7<tan β 46.In the speciﬁc case of the simplest Polonyi model with positive ˆA =3−√3−3,is 4.4–4.6.The corresponding results for µ<0are 1.2<ˆA <4.8over which range 4<tan β 26.The range of ˆA isshifted,and the range of tan βreduced,as compared to the case of µ>0.In particular,the negative Polonyi model is disallowed and the positive version is allowed only for tan β∼4.15.February1,200823:17WSPC/Trim Size:9in x6in for Proceedings ariz044We have shown that only a restricted range of tanβis allowed in any speciﬁc pattern of supersymmetry breaking.We have illustrated this pointby discussions of minimal SUGRA models withˆA=ˆB+1and no-scalemodels withˆA=ˆB=0,but the same comment would apply to othermodels of supersymmetry breaking not discussed here.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported in part by DOE grant DE–FG02–94ER–40823.Iwish to thank my collaborators John Ellis,Keith Olive and Yudi Santoso.References1.J.Ellis,T.Falk,G.Ganis,K.A.Olive and M.Schmitt,Phys.Rev.D58(1998)095002;J.R.Ellis,K.A.Olive and 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