新托福阅读题型介绍与技巧汇编
托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧
托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧2023年，随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及，托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。
而在托福考试中，阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。
本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解，帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。
一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分，一般分为三大类：细节题、推理题和总结题，下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧：1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。
所谓细节，便是文章中一些具体的，表层的，量化的或可操作的信息。
细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。
具体而言，托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型：A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分，找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。
解题技巧和句子理解题类似，要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系，深入理解文章的主旨和重点。
B. 词汇细节题一般而言，该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中，要求考生根据所在的段落，结合上下文的意思和语境，准确理解生词的含义。
有时候，在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配，考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫，正确把握词义。
C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索，回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。
在答题过程中，重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。
2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系，推断出答案。
与细节题相比，推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。
具体而言，托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型：A. 推断态度题在此类题目中，通常会给出某人的语境或情况，要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景，推断出这个人的态度。
此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色，关注思想，性格，语气等方面的具体表现，以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。
B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子，要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。
托福阅读五种题型的技巧
托福阅读五种题型的技巧为了帮助大家备考托福。
提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读五种题型的技巧，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读五种题型的技巧(1)主旨题。
主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。
这种题一般为第一道题，建议考生把这道题放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。
(2)列举题。
列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。
也可分为四类。
第一类：一句话列举。
根据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。
根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。
题干语言在某自然段首句重现。
这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。
选项内容涉及整个文章。
一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。
文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。
(3)文章结论题。
文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。
这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。
所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。
(4)作者态度题。
作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。
文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。
考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。
局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。
新托福阅读题型介绍与技巧
新托福阅读题型介绍一、细节题特征：没有特征（因为其他题型都有各自的特征）数量：每篇3-6题难度：变化很大策略：随机应变二、选非题特征：NOT/EXCEPT数量：每篇1题难度：较低策略：一定要做对三、推理题特征：infer、imply数量：每篇1-2题难度：很高策略：可以放四、修辞题：特征：（1）题干与原文被打上了阴影（2）个选项的开头为TO+关键动词（这些动词代表某个修饰手法，这样的动词很少，所以遇到都要记住）PS：这类题目有可能会变形五、词汇题特征：（1）题干与原文被打上了阴影（2）以the word/phrase开头数量：每篇3-6题难度：非常简单策略：一定要做对六、指代题特征：（1）原文与题干被打上阴影（2）打上阴影的是某个代词数量：1题难度：较低（可以直接测试语法能力）策略：要做对七、复述题特征：(1）原文中一个完整的句子被打上阴影（2）题干为：which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answerchoices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.数量：1题难度：很难或者很简单八、插句题特征：黑色小方框（■）数量：1题难度：较低策略：要做对九、归总题特征：两排六个选项数量：1题难度：1分很简单，2分有点难策略：保1争2新增题型（参考TPO5）：四选二题型：是细节题的变形全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案第二部分各题型解题技巧串讲阅读的步骤：第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶（粗略看一遍文章）第2步：点review键，做完词汇题（不看原文），同时关注一下是否有选非题（因为与原文对应的东西很多）第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做（因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。
托福阅读如何面的各类题型
托福阅读如何面的各类题型在新托福考试中，有多种题型是需要同学们面对的，所以托福资料下载的小编为同学们整理了一下，如何来应对托福阅读的各类题型。
插入句子题(Sentence Insertion)考生一般试图把插入句分别代回原文四个选项处，看哪个地方的语义比较通顺便是正确答案。
这种做法比较主观，因为语义通顺与否每个人的感觉都不尽然，所以我们应该从结构角度考虑，以客观的分析去解决句子插入题。
解法：一、仔细阅读插入句，从四个角度分析句子。
1)指代关系2)内部逻辑关系3)相关联中心名词4)近似句子结构二、分析完插入句之后，分别与四个选项之前的内容做比较对应。
三、找到对应点之后的选项就是正确答案。
总结题1)仔细阅读表格中黑体句，这个句子是合理选项的判断标准。
2)排除细节性选项3)排除错误描述4)排除次要信息新托福阅读题型之否定细节题或排除题(NOT&&EXCEPT)此类题目是细节题的反面题型。
细节题是找四个选项中在文中提及的选项，而与之相反，排除题是要求考生在四个选项中选出与原文相反或者在原文中未曾提及的选项。
做题思路也就一目了然了，我们不必正面突破，急于判断出错误的描述，而是可以采取迂回战术，将四个选项分别代回原文验证，在文中出现的并且符合题干语境的就是正确描述，即错误答案，排除三个正确描述之后剩下的那一个选项即为正确答案。
新托福阅读题型之细节题(Factual Information)可以说，细节题是新托福考试阅读所有题型中是最重要的题型了，因为在整场考试中它所占的比重非常的大，细节题是否拿捏到位直接影响到考生最后的语言成绩。
以下就是关于细节题题型的一些解题技巧解法：为了寻找细节题的答案，我们考生一般会选择去读段落，他们错误的认为，只要把段落读懂了，那么答案自然而然也就出来了。
但是，他们没有考虑到时间成本，我们应该尽量避免整段整段去理解翻译式的中国式做题方式。
a.仔细阅读问题b. 提取题干中关键词并且定位原文段落中关键词所在的句子;关键词的确定顺序：特殊形式单词(人名、地名、专有名词、特殊符号等)→名词(避免重复出现的名词)→动词(注意同义近义的替换)c.阅读定位句理解。
新托福阅读题型的解题思路
新托福阅读题型的解题思路托福阅读备考练习中，具体的考试题型也是大家备考的重点。
毕竟实际的考试中，通过对题型解题思路的了解，可以让大家更快速的作答题目。
具体的托福阅读考试题型的解题思路是怎样的?下面我为大家整理了具体的内容，供大家参考!新托福阅读题型的解题思路第一种事实信息题(Understanding the Facts and Details)问法：这类题目一般用what/which/why/when/how/where/who等词来提问。
技巧：学会定位、认真阅读I。
假如不能依据题干来定位的话，那么这个时候我们就需要分析题干中的关键词及〔短语〕。
接着，重新返回到原文中查找相对应的部分进行定位。
关键词包括题干中出现的人名、地名、物种名、年月以及〔句子〕中的核心名词。
II。
直接依据题目就能进行定位。
这种状况下，题干中明确指出了出题对象在原文中所处的具体位置，比方In paragraph 1, According to the 4th paragraph等。
抑或在原文中对出题对象作了重要标示，比方打阴影或斜体字等。
※留意错误选项的迷惑：I。
单纯地重复原文中的信息，却并没有回答下列问题。
II。
对原文中的信息和事实进行了错误的表述。
III。
不够全面。
IV。
原文中未涉及或未提及的信息。
第二种词汇题(Understanding Vocabulary in Context)问法：I.The word/phrase X in the passage is closet in meaning to/means/refers to type of ____?II. What is X?技巧：◎I。
认识原文中的词汇，知道其一种及以上的含义。
那么，这时我们就可以直接从选项中查找该词的〔同义词〕、〔近义词〕，并代入原文检验。
检验至关重要，我们可以从两方面考量：熟词僻义和语法正确(见例题I、II)。
◎II。
不认识原文中的词汇。
新TOEFL托福iBT阅读题型与解题方法
新TOEFL阅读题型及解题方法新托福（托福iBT）● 2005 年9 月，美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）在全球推出新托福考试，即TOEFL iBT(Internet Based Test)。
● TOEFL iBT能够反映学生在一流大专院校的教学和校园生活中的语言应用能力。
加试●出现在听力或阅读部分，也有可能阅读、听力两部分同时被加试。
●加试部分不算分，但考生事先并不知道哪一部分是加试。
●阅读和听力考试之后有10 分钟休息时间。
新TOEFL阅读部分In TOEFL test, there are usually 13 to 14 questions for each passage and the question types can be summarized as the following.1.Factual questions(3-6 questions per set)2.Negative Factual questions(0-2 questions per set)3.Inference Questions(0-2 questions per set)4.Rhetorical Purpose Questions(0-2 questions per set)5.Sentence Insertion Questions(1 question per set)6.Sentence Reference Questions(0-2 questions per set)7.Sentence Restatement Questions(1 question per set)8.Prose Summary Questions(1 question per set)9.Fill in a Table Questions(1 question per set)10.Vocabulary Questions(0-3 questions per set)1. FQ (Factual questions)Definition: FQ ask about explicit facts and details in the passage. They often contain: who, what, when, where, why. For FQ, the information needed for an answer is directly stated somewhere in the passage.Characteristics: FQ often begin with the following1.According to the passage,2.According to the information in paragraph 23.What does the author say aboutTips for FQ:1.Focus on one or two key words from the question, they might be DATE, NAMEand other nouns so on2.Scan the passage and look only for these words as you scroll down3.The questions usually follow the order of the passage, therefore, usually scrolldown form the last questions you answered, you do not need to read the entire passage again4.Underline the sentences where contain the key words, read preceding andfollowing sentences as well.2. Negative Factual Questions (NFQ)Definitions: NFQ ask you to determine which of the four answer choices is not given in the passage. It often contains words, NOT, EXCEPT, LEAST. They always appear in Uppercases.Characteristics: NFQ often begin with the following structures1.According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?3.Which of the following is LEAST likely?Tips for NFQ1.Read the questions first, locate key words.e Key Words technique to look for the information in the passage related witheach answer3.Identify the answer that is not mentioned in the passagesExercise I: Locate the key words for the following sentences:1.What story is told about the first dentist in the North American colonies?2.People in which of the following occupations probably did NOT practiceemergency dentistry?3.What materials did Paul Revere use to make artificial teeth?4.How many students graduated in the first class to study dentistry in the UnitedStates?5.How is the building that housed the first dental school in the United States atpresent?6.According to the passage, what were ”Negative spray” and “Vitalized Air”?7.In what year did William Morton demonstrated ether?8.Which of the following is NOT one of the problems that X rays can indicate?9.What were …dental engines‟?10.How did the dental drills that were developed in the 1950‟s reduce heat and pain? III. Inference questionsDefinition: These questions require you to make inferences according to the information provided in the passages. The answers to these questions are not directly stated anywhere in the passage, but it can be inferred.Characteristics: The questions usually contain the words infer or imply1.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?2.In paragraph..., the author implies that…?3.It can be concluded from the information in paragraph…that…4.The author suggests that:Types of Inference:Infer in reverse direction1.Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, sproutsof oil, or gushers, were common in the past.Which of the following can be inferred about the gushers?A.They make bringing the oil to the surface easierB.They signal the presence of huge oil reservesC.They waste more oil in the pastD.They are unlikely to occur nowadays2.The story of the western movement of population in the United States is, in themain, the story of the expansion of agriculture- of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life enter a national market economyWhat can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 18151.They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.2.They were able to sell their products at high prices.3.They had not been successful in raising cattle4.They did not operate in a national market3.This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. Which of the following can be inferred about canal building?A.Canals were built primarily in the in the south of England rather than in otherregionsB.Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.C.Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damagedin the processD.Canal builders hired surveyors like smith to examine exposed rock strata4.Sediments above and below the gypsum layers contained tiny marine fossils,indicating open-ocean conditions.Which of the following can be inferred about solid gypsum layers?A.It did not contain any marine fossilB.It had formed in open-ocean conditionsC.It had once been soft, deep-sea mudD.It contained sediment from nearby desertsInfer according to the key wordsIn all probabilities, it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latin who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration and a land-based society. Which of the following can be inferred about the people of Latium?A.Their economy was based on trade relations with other settlements.B.They held different values than the people of RomeC.Agriculture played a significant role in the societyD.They possessed unusual knowledge of animal instinctExercises I: Identify the correct inferences based on the sentence or short passage:1. If a metalworker from 3,000 years ago could somehow travel forward in time, he would recognize virtually every step of the lost-wax process that today is used to cast titanium for jet engines.A: Titanium has been forged for thousands of years.B: The lost-wax methods of casting metal is very oldC: Metalworking has changed very little in 3,000 years.2. When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples. They don‟t mean something developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade.A: Apple growers have not developed any new varieties of apples in recent decades. B: Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long time.C: New varieties of apples take a long time to develop.3. High level of serum cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults. A: High level of serum cholesterol are no longer a problem for adults.B: Only children have a problem with high levels of serum cholesterol.C: High serum cholesterol affects both adults and children.4. Alpha Centauri, one of the closest stars to Earth, is just 4.3 light years away. It can be seen only from the southern Hemisphere. However, the closest star(other than our own Sun, of course) is a tiny red star, Proxima Centauri, which is not visible without a telescope.A: ProximaCentauri, is the closest star to Earth.B: Alpha Centauri, is invisible from earth without a telescope.C: Proxima Centauri is closer than 4.3 light years from the earth.5. Compared with the rest of its brain, the visual area of a turtle‟s brain is quite small, since turtles, like all other reptiles, depend mainly on senses other than sight.A: No reptile uses sight as its primary sense.B: Animals that depend on sight all have larger visual areas in their brain than turtles do.C: The visual area of other reptiles‟ brain is smaller than that of turtles.6. An old but still useful proverb says,” beware of oak, it draws the stroke.” In general, trees with deep roots that tap into groundwater attract more lightning than do treeswith shallow, dry roots. Oak are fifty times more likely to be struck than beeches. Pines are not safe as beeches but are still much safer than oaks.A: The roots of oak are fifty times deeper than those of beeches.B: Pines‟ roots are deeper than beeches, but not as deep as those of oaks.C: the deeper the root, the safer the tree.7. Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at the penmanship of Franklin D. Roosevelt or John E. Kennedy revealsA: Roosevelt and Kennedy both had handwriting that was difficult to read.B: Roosevelt‟s handwriting was more illegible than that of Kennedy.C: The author believe both Roosevelt and Kennedy had weak characters.8. Jack London spent only a year prospecting for gold in Alaska. However, nearly half of his forty books are set there.A: London was successful in his search for gold in Alaska.B: Although London worked in Alaska for only a short time, he wrote almost twenty books while he lived there.C: London‟s experiences in Alaska had a strong influence on his writing.9. Most fish take on the coloration of their natural surroundings to a certain degree. It‟s not surprising, therefore, that fish inhabiting the warm, shallow waters around tropical reefs are colored all the brilliant hues of the rainbow.A: Tropical fish are unlike other fish because they take on the coloration of their environment.B. Tropical reefs are brightly colored environment.C: Tropical fish are brightly colored because they inhabit warm waters.10. Although sheep herding is an older and more beloved occupation, shepherds never caught the attention of filmmakers the way cowboys did.A: There have been more films about cowboys than about shepherds.B: Films about shepherds are older and more beloved than films about cowboys.C: Cowboys are generally younger than shepherds.11. The Okefenokee Swamp is a fascinating realm that both confirms and contradicts popular notions of a swamp. Along with huge cypresses, dangerous quagmires, and dim waterways, the Okefenokee has sandy pine islands, sunlit prairies, and clear lakes.A. Although most swamps are not very interesting, the Okefenokee is an exception. B: The Okefenokee has features that are not commonly associated with swamps.C: Unlike most swamps, the Okefenokee does not have huge cypresses, dangerous quagmires, or dim waterways.12. Thomas Jefferson preferred the Roman Style of architecture, as seen in the buildings at the University of Virginia, to the English style favored by CharlesBullfinch.A: The architecture of the University of Virginia was influenced by the Roman style. B: Bullfinch was an English architect.C: Jefferson preferred to build in the English style of architecture.13. In all cultures, gestures are used as a form of communication, but the same gestures may have very different meanings in different cultures.A: No two cultures use the same gestures.B: one gesture almost never has the same meaning in two cultures.C: A person from one culture may misunderstand the gestures used by a person from another.14. Even spiders that do not build webs from silk use it for a variety of purposes. such as constructing egg sacs and nursery tents.A: All spiders build webs.B: Spiders that build webs don‟t builds egg sacs or nursery tents.C: Silks is used by all spiders.15. In theory, a good screwdriver should last a lifetime, but it seldom does, usually because it is used as a substitute for other tools.A: Using a screwdriver for purpose other than those for which it was intended can shorten its life.B: All screwdrivers, if they are really good, last a lifetime.C: If you want a screwdriver to last a lifetime, use other tools to substitute for it. Exercise II: Choose correct inferences for the questions according to the information in the passageThe Titus-Bode law predicted that there would be a fifth planet between Mars and Jupiter. In 1800, a group of astronomers nic knamed the “celestial police” was organized to search for the missing planet. Before the plan could be put in effect, another astronomer, G.Piazzi, discovered 1 Ceres, the largest asteroids, in this position in space on New year‟s Day, 1801. While trying t o locate Ceres again, the astronomer H.Olbers discovered 2 Pallas in 1802. J.Harding discovered 3 Juno in 1804. H.Olbers also discovered 4 Vesta, the brightest asteroid, in 1807. It was not until 1836 that a fifth asteroid, 5 Asterea, was added to the list. At first, many nineteenth-century astronomers did not find asteroids of much interest. One even called them” the vermin of the sky”. In 1891, Max Wolf pioneered the use of astrophotography to detect asteroids. Then Wolf went on to discover 248 asteroids, beginning with 323 Bruscia. At present, around 150,000 asteroids have been discovered. Most are spotted today by automated systems that pair telescopes with computers.Asteroids vary in size from Ceres, with a diameter of 570 miles, to tiny bodies that are only the size of pebbles. Only the four largest-Ceres,Palas,Vesta,and Juno-arespherical. Most are elongated irregular. Asteroids are not uniformity distributed through space. Many occur in clusters called groups, of in even tighter clusters called families. Families or asteroids with similar characteristics, indicating a common origin, are called Hiruzama asteroids.H.Olbers advanced the theory that asteroids are the remnants of a large planet that exploded. Other astronomers suggested that the asteroids were originally moons of Jupiter that broke away and then disintegrated. The most commonly accepted theory among astronomers today is that they occupy a place in the solar system where a sizable planet could have formed but was prevented from doing so by the disruptive gravity field of nearby Jupiter. Originally, perhaps, there were only a few dozen asteroids. These were eventually fragmented by mutual collisions to produce the present population of asteroids.When new asteroids are discovered, they are given a temporary six-character name. The first four numbers correspond to the year of discovery. The first of the two letters corresponds to the half-month period in which the asteroid was discovered, and the second to the sequence in which the asteroid was discovered in that half-month. For example, the asteroid 2006AC was the third asteroid(C) to be discovered in the first half of January(A)in 2006. After the orbit of an asteroid discovery(Currently from 1 Ceres to 95959 Covadonga). The first several hundred asteroids were named for female characters from mythology(Cere, for example, is the Roman goddess of the harvest) Even after these names were used up, the convention of giving asteroid may submit a name to the international Astronomical Union. Some are named for places or for things. Some are named to honor famous scientist, painters, writers, or even pop stars, such as musicians and actors. Some are named after colleagues, family members, and even pets. Discoverers may not, however, name asteroids after themselves. Of the 150,000 known asteroids, only about 10% have names.Most asteroids are found in the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter. Some have highly eccentric orbits, such as 3200 phaeton, which swings close to the Sun. Some asteroids, called Near Earth Asteroids(NEAs),pass close to Earth. It is feared that one day an steroid may hit Earth and cause a great deal of damage. In fact, most scientists believed that a collision between an asteroid and the earth made dinosaur extinct.In June of 2002, without warning, a medium-sized asteroid called 2002 MN passed relatively close to Earth. It was not observed until three days after it has passed. This was the cloest an asteroid had come to Earth since 1994XM. That asteroid missed the Earth by only 64,000 miles. However, the one in 2002 was much larger than 1994XN and potentially much more destructive. Other near misses involved 1989FC and 433 Erros in 1975. While there are programs to watch for Near Earth Asteroids, 2002MN proved that these programs are not completely effective. Some people believe that there should be much larger worldwide program to detect and possibly destroyasteroids that are heading towards out planet.Questions:1.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the Titus-Bode lawdeals with which of the following?A. The size of planets.B. The position of planets around the earth.C. The speed of bodies in spaceD. The existence of asteroids.2.What does the author imply about G.Piazzi in paragraph 1?A.He was not trained as an astronomer.B.He worked closely with H.Olbers.C.He was not a member of the “Celestial police”D.He discovered the four largest asteroids.3.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that H.OlbertsA.was not looking for 2 Pallas when he found it.B.discovered the largest asteroid.C.discovered many asteroids a few years after finding 4 Vesta.D.worked closely with J.Harding.4.The author implies that the nineteenth-century astronomers mentioned inparagraph 1 believed thatA.Astronomers should work on projects other than asteroids.B.astrophotography was a valuable tool.C.more time should be spent searching for asteroids.D.asteroids were dangerous because they might strike Earth.5.It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 2 that asteroids in a familyA.always have a common origin.B.are closer together than those in groupC.all have the same shape.D.are brighter than those in a group6. What does the author imply about the three theories that he explains in paragraph 3?A.They are all valid theories.B.The first two theories are no longer considered valid.C.All three theories have been proved to be false.D.The third theory is older than the first two.7. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6 about the asteroid named 2002MNA.It has a temporary nameB.It was the two-thousandth and second asteroid to be discoveredC.It discoverer‟s first name began with M and last name began with ND.It was discovered in January of 20028. What can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6 about the asteroid named 433 Eros?A.It is named for a female character from mythologyB.It was discovered in 433A.D.C.Its orbit has never been calculated.D.It was the four-hundred and thirty-third asteroid to be discovered9. It can be inferred that the first 333 asteroids to be discoveredA. All had feminine namesB. Were all named for mythological characters.C. All were given the names of historical persons.D. Were all named form their discoverers10. Which of the following can be inferred from the information in paragraph 6?A.Smaller asteroids move faster than medium-sized asteroids.rge asteroids are easy to detect if they approach the earth.C.The bigger the asteroid, the more destructive it might beD.Even if a large asteroid misses the Earth, it might cause damage.III. Rhetorical Purpose Questions: purpose means WHY, purpose questions ask WHY the author of a passage uses a certain piece of information in the passage.For example: The question may ask you why the authore a certain example2.Makes a comparison3.Quote a sentenceTips or Steps: Purpose questionsusually askyou why author cites an example, quotesa sentence or make a comparison. If the author cites an example, the answer usually will be immediate before the example; For quotation, read the whole sentence, the answer can be reached by the quoted sentence,Exercise:Beach ErosionThe Sea has been rising relative to the land for hundreds of years, geologists say, but the rise has accelerated over the last few decades. The Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States have eroded an average of two or three feet, the Gulf Coast even faster. In some places the erosion has even been more dramatic. Highland Light, the oldest lighthouse on Cape Cod, was 400 feet from the sea when it was built in 1797. Now it is only about 100 feet from the ocean. Just in the last years, a series of harshwinter storms has eaten up over forty feet of the beach in from of the lighting house.The United States has over 19,000 miles of beaches, and nearly half of the population of the United States lives within 50 miles of the coast. Some estimates claim that between 80%-90% of the U.S. coastline is eroding. And the problem is not confined to the United States. Egypt, Thailand, India, the U.K., Australia, and Japan-almost every country that has a coastline-share this problem. During storms, the action of heavy waves carries sand into the sea and leaves it on the ocean floor. During calm period, erosion reverses. Sand is slowly moved landward by the action of gentler waves. In recent times, however, the build up of sand has not kept pace with erosion. In many places, sand has been replaced by sediment.Lately, the leading cause of the increased rate of beach erosion has been global warming. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are generated by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. These gases are accumulating in the atmosphere, trapping in the sun‟s heat. Forests are being cut down, leaving fewer trees to remove carbon dioxide from the air. Global warming has likely increased the frequency of severe storm that tear sand from beaches. Average temperatures are likely to rise higher in the near future, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, causing the level of the sea to rise, and making coastal erosion even worse.Clearly, something must be done. Too many people live and vacation in Miami Beach, Atlantic City, Malibu, Galveston, and Honolulu to simply allow roads, houses, and resorts to fall into the sea. Many engineers maintain that the best way to protect coast is build protective structures such as sea walls and breakwater to protect beaches from the ravages of storms. These structures have been tried in a number of places along the U.S. coastline and in other countries, notably Japan.The problem with defensive structures is that they often don‟t work. One study, In fact, has shown that these structures accelerate the erosion of beaches. The states of Maine, North Carolina, and South Carolina have banned the building of these structures. Some communities have tried another solution: beach replenishment (also called beach nourishment). These programs simply replace lost sand with sand from deeper parts of the ocean or in the case of some California beaches, with sand brought in by trucks from the deserts. These programs are costly. It costs over US $1 million to replenish one mile of beach. Again, however, this method of preserving beaches is of dubious value. Another study shows that only 10% of replenished beaches have lasted more than five years. In some locations, the supply of suitable sand is limited. And the quality of the sand used for replenishment is seldom as high as the sand that it replaces.Q1: The author illustrates the problem of beach erosion in part bying Highland Light as a dramatic example of how severe beach erosion can beB.exploring the economic cost beach erosion on one seaside community.paring the situation at Highland Light with similar places in other countries.D.saying that the situation on Cape Cod is typical for most seaside communities.Q2: The author probably mentions the fact that nearly half of the population of the United States lives within fifty miles of the coast to show thatA.patterns of population distribution in the United States are changing,B.beach erosion affects a vast number of people in the United StatesC.the problem in the United States is more severe than it is in many other countries.D.beach erosion is not a concern for more than half of the population of the UnitedStates.Q3: The author explains global warming byA.giving its causes and showing how it affects beach erosionparing and contrasting it with other causes of beach erosionC.giving examples of ways to reduce its impact.D.evaluating how it may actually reduce beach erosion.Q4: The author mentions Japan in paragraph 4 because Japan has1.banned the use of protective structures2.ignored the problem of beach erosion3.tried beach replenishment programs4.built seawalls and breakwaters.Q5: The author cites the two studies in the passage in order to1.suggest that the sea is not rising as fast as was originally believed.2.strengthen the engineers‟ claim that protective structures and beachreplenishment are necessary.3.propose two new solutions to the problem of beach erosion.4.support his own position about protective structures and beach replenishment. Q6: It can be inferred the author of this passage1.opposes the use of both protective structures and beach replenishment2.believes beach replenishment would be more effective than protectivestructures.3.oppose any actions to prevent beach erosions.4.denies that beach erosion is a serious problemIV. Sentence Restatement(highlighted) QuestionsDefinition: Present a sentence from the passage, then asks you to choose the sentence from the answer choices that best restates or summarize the information in the original sentence.Characteristics:1.The correct choice will not look like the original sentence. It will use differentgrammar and vocabulary. Sometimes, use synonyms as a substitute.2.Correct choice may eliminate details and examples from original sentence. Itmay simplify and summarize the original sentence.3.Incorrect choices may1.Omit important information from original sentence, not the completesummarization.2.Change the meaning of the original sentence，usually the logicalrelationship between the sentences has been changed.Tips or steps:1.Break the sentences into 2-3 ideas and find the correct relationship amongsentences.Exercises:Passage 1:In some cases, a warning call or a threatening pose may be the only defense that is needed, but in other cases, intruders may refuse to leave peacefully and a battle for the territory takes place.Q 1: Which of the following sentences best express the essential information in the sentence in bold?ually a warning call is all that is required to get the invading bird to leave,but sometimes a threatening pose is also needed.2.If an intruder is threatened by the pose of the bird that occupies the territory, astruggle will take place.3.Sometimes the invader can be frightened away, but sometimes the defendermust fight.4.The intruder generally frightens the defender with warning calls andthreatening poses.Which of the following sentences if closed in meaning to the sentence in bold in the passage above?Passage 2It is also possible, of course, that people are concerned with several of these classes of motivation simultaneously, as would be the case if, on the same day, a person installed a fire safety alarm (satisfying a need for protection) and joined a folk-dancing club (satisfying a need for belonging).Q2: which of the following sentences best restates the information in the sentence in bold?1.People may satisfy more than one of Maslowe‟s categories of needs at thesame time.2.Obviously, for some people, installing a fire safety alarm is more importantthan joining a social club.3. A typical person is more motivated to satisfy a higher-level need, such as the。
2023年中国托福考试年终总结：阅读理解题型解析与解题技巧
2023年中国托福考试年终总结：阅读理解题型解析与解题技巧2023年中国托福考试年终总结：阅读理解题型解析与解题技巧2023年的中国托福考试已经过去了，考生们也已经收到了成绩。
作为其中的一项重要考试内容，阅读理解一直是考生们头疼的难题。
因此，在本文中，我们将详细解析2023年中国托福考试的阅读理解题型，并提供相应的解题技巧，以帮助各位考生更好地备考和应对此类题目。
第一部分：阅读理解题型解析2023年的中国托福考试阅读理解部分一共包含了3篇文章，每篇文章后面有5到7道题目。
这些题目共分为以下几种类型：1. 主旨题：考查读者对文章主题的理解，要求考生准确把握文章的中心思想。
2. 细节题：考查读者对文章内容的掌握程度，要求考生能准确地回答细节问题。
3. 推断题：考查读者通过推理和联想推断文章中未明确提及的事实或观点。
4. 词汇题：考查读者对上下文的理解和词汇掌握，要求考生根据文章上下文猜测词义。
5. 反义题：考查读者对文章的理解和推理能力，要求考生根据文章中语言表述的反义来回答问题。
6. 正误判断题：考查读者对文章中陈述的内容的理解和判断能力，要求考生准确判断陈述是否正确。
7. 排序题：考查读者根据文章的逻辑关系，把文章中的事件或观点按照时间先后或者重要性排序。
第二部分：解题技巧除了熟悉题型，还需要掌握一些解题技巧，以帮助我们更好地答题。
1. 充分利用文章第一段文章第一段通常会简要介绍文章内容和主题，所以在做题之前，应该先认真阅读第一段，以此来了解文章主旨，并且提前了解可能会涉及到的话题。
2. 快速寻找答案托福阅读理解要求的不只是正确回答问题，更为重要的是要在规定时间内完成所有题目。
因此，在解题过程中，要学会快速阅读，迅速找到文章中的关键信息。
在这一过程中，有些词汇或句子并不重要，可以略过，而有些则需要特别注意。
3. 学会精确定位为了快速寻找答案，我们需要学会精确定位。
方法是要记住问题的选项，然后在文章中逐一查找答案。
新托福阅读10大题型超强解析
新托福阅读10大题型超强解析新托福考试的10大题型是什么？该怎么去解决呢？下面小编给大家带来新托福阅读10大题型超强解析，希望大家喜欢。
新托福阅读10大题型超强解析1.托福阅读的细节题(Factual Information)解法：a. 提取题干中关键词定位原文段落中关键词所在的所有句子. 阅读定位句理解。
c. 正确选项是正确定位句的同义转述或者同义改写。
必须在意思上和语言逻辑结构上完全符合定位句。
细节的题的错误选项主要有以下几种：a. 该选项的全部或者局部出现了该段落根本就没有涉及的信息，概念，特有名词等等。
b. 原文定位句没有出现比较级，最高级一类的语言现象，但是选项中出现了这种无端的比较。
c. 选项中出现了定位句范围以外的信息，尽管这些信息在本段落中的确被完全提及。
d. 选项中有某些形容词或者副词起到了加重语气从而使选项的叙述程度甚至方向发生了改变脱离原文语言风格叙述。
注意：做细节题必须定位，切忌凭自己阅读后的总体感觉不定位某句话而做题。
2. 托福阅读的事实否定题解法：定位题干关键词回原文。
正确选项应具备：a. 原文未提及的. 与原文叙述矛盾的;3. 当选项中同时出现看似未提及和明显矛盾的选项时，优先选择明显矛盾的选项。
所以，在其他类型题目能作为正确选项的在这种题型中均是错误答案。
3. 托福阅读的推论题(Inference)解法：提取题干中的关键词回文定位所有出现关键词的句子，综合各句提取结论性的信息。
该类信息通常不会被原文直接以字面意思表达出来，通常是言外之意。
错误选项的特征与细节题的错误选项特征基本相同。
一般对于推论题来说，更保险的方法是用排除法做题。
如果能排除3个错误选项，即使正确选项找不到定位点也可以把题目做出来。
但是使用排除法前提是必须阅读理解到足够多的信息。
这对阅读能力的要求是相对较高的。
4. 托福阅读的修辞题解法：关键词回文定位。
先阅读定位词所在的句子，然后读其下面的句子。
如果发现后面在叙述中出现了两个事物，或者多个事物之间的比较，类比关系。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
新托福阅读题型介绍一、细节题特征：没有特征（因为其他题型都有各自的特征）数量：每篇3-6题难度：变化很大策略：随机应变二、选非题特征：NOT/EXCEPT数量：每篇1题难度：较低策略：一定要做对三、推理题特征：infer、imply数量：每篇1-2题难度：很高策略：可以放四、修辞题：特征：（1）题干与原文被打上了阴影（2）个选项的开头为TO+关键动词（这些动词代表某个修饰手法，这样的动词很少，所以遇到都要记住）PS：这类题目有可能会变形五、词汇题特征：（1）题干与原文被打上了阴影（2）以the word/phrase开头数量：每篇3-6题难度：非常简单策略：一定要做对六、指代题特征：（1）原文与题干被打上阴影（2）打上阴影的是某个代词数量：1题难度：较低（可以直接测试语法能力）策略：要做对七、复述题特征：(1）原文中一个完整的句子被打上阴影（2）题干为：which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.数量：1题难度：很难或者很简单八、插句题特征：黑色小方框（■）数量：1题难度：较低策略：要做对九、归总题特征：两排六个选项数量：1题难度：1分很简单，2分有点难策略：保1争2新增题型（参考TPO5）：四选二题型：是细节题的变形全文归纳题：可以去归总题找答案第二部分各题型解题技巧串讲阅读的步骤：第1步：把动滚动条拉到底再拉到顶（粗略看一遍文章）第2步：点review键，做完词汇题（不看原文），同时关注一下是否有选非题（因为与原文对应的东西很多）第3步：边看边做阅读，要按顺序做（因为托福阅读，题目顺序和题目对应原文的顺序几乎一致。
）PS：阅读的流畅性很重要，如果NO1考Para1 NO2考Para3 那么Para2仍然要看。
PPS：永远先看题后看文第4步（如何处理一道题目？）找定位词，定位词越多越好什么是定位词？定位词就是出现并只出现在这道题的词定位词包括：a.特殊名词 b.大写名词 c.数字词 d.年代词注：题目中的定位词也可能是文章中某词的变形第5步：排除选项（一般只能排除2个）注：排除法永远比对应容易1、优先选用排除法2、使用时要尽量宽容3、所有错误的三种类型：a.无中生有：原文中没有出现过的内容b.张冠李戴：题目问的是A的特征，而该特征是原文中B的特征，即把原文中无关的内容来当答案c.黑白颠倒：与原文意思相反（题目最喜欢用不像否定词的否定词，如:hardly，rarely等）第6步：二选一（辨析选项）比较两个选项的异同：1、先比较共同点，即compare，找到这道题的着眼点。
2、找到异，在原文中找到，2个着眼点第三部分重点题型讲解一、细节题：细节题难不难取决于好不好定位细节题的关键是同义替换同义替换：是某些情况下可交换的词缀，但不等于同义词。
三种同义替换的方式：1、词性变化（不规则变化尤其可能）如：absorb-absorption 词变了，句子结构也变了，词的位置也变了。
2、语序变化即：A+B 变成 B+介词+A如：original ideas--------ideas with originality3、指代词如：phytoremediation--------it任何时候看到指代词，都要知道它只带什么4、反义词+否定词=同义替换要点：答案往往是原文的同义替换一个选项有同义替换或较多同义替换的就是答案。
因为作者需要给出证据。
二、推理题标志：infer imply suggest说明 the answer is not clearly stated in the passage正确选项没有明确在原文中出现You have to make an inference based on the passage.你必须在原文基础上做一步推理（不要推理过度）1、答案不可能与原文矛盾2、答案一定是原文+一步推理题目中问A的特点原文中给出了A B之间的关系（相同、相反或者比较）原文中还出现了B的特点那么就可以由B的特点推出A的特点。
三、词汇题Coinage=new words1、熟词僻义注：直接按照脑中记忆来答题（1）后面还需验证（2）可以考完SAT\GRE再考次托福（3）除了背单词还要背词组（No better than= the same as）2、利用词根词缀的含义辅助我们猜答案（尤其是找词缀来确定倾向）3、代入到原文考预感判断4、利用上下文进行推理（这是验证时的手段）因为符合上下文的不一定是对的，不符合上下文的一定不对。
四、指代题至少需要读代词出现的句子以及它上一句，即至少要读2句。
最有效的技巧：1、寻找代词在句子中与动词的关系2、寻找选项在原文中动词与句子的关系（1）比较单复数（2）猜：先找每个选项在原文中出现的位置，前两个出现的是优先选项。
五、修辞题题目类型变化多端，形式多种多样，范围变化多在原文中找到阴影部分出现的句子，阅读上一句+阴影部分本句+下一句注：本剧与上一句的关系较常考到。
观点会先出现，重要信息在一开始的时候。
阅读常用到总分结构。
在看上一句和本句的时候要看出两样东西：（1）本句与上一句的逻辑关系。
例如： On the contrary→To contrast 对应关键动词（2）本句与上一句主要讨论的内容→对应关键动词的宾语注：大写名词与数字词出现的多的地方为举例子，往往语言较为抽象。
叙述概括而且尤其喜欢做判断的为观点句。
修辞题要注意：（1）关键动词（2）关键动词的宾语这两个要与原文相一致切忌按照自己的想法理解原文，一定要去原文中寻找作者留下的字面上的蛛丝马迹Locate words literally！六、复述题Essential（1+2+3）=一个句子的逻辑1、逻辑连接词（次在选项中会被同义替换，但关系不变）（1）表示转接：a.转折:前后一次相反 yet/however/whereas/while 代表前后内容不一致（注：A+转折+B<强调的是B>）b.让步：although/even though/ even if/in spite of/ despite(although +A+B<强调B>；A<强调A>+ although +B )（2）可互换：a.因果：because/result in/lead to/for/as/ since/ thus/therefore/hence/consequently 要关注原因和结果分别是什么b.并列：and/as well as/both/orc.顺接递进：further more/moreoverd.总分、举例：for example/such as/like/considering/including2、含有逻辑意味的动词A、stimulate，spark，trigger，cause，make，reason，haveB、begin with， then注：时间上的先后顺序=因果顺序3、结论（优缺点）Inessential：1、例子（观点仍是essential的）2、动作的程度（动作仍是essential的）加入没有任何线索或以上信息，把所有修饰成分去掉，回归到主谓宾，主干相似就是答案。
（1）去that which（2）去形容词、副词（3）去介词词组七、插句题插句题先读原文注意：寻找那些在论证上有落差的地方：1、加入前一句讨论的主体与后一句讨论的主体不一致2、加入作者的推理不够充分重要信息：1、代词：（1）指代词This、that、it、they、those、which找指代事物是什么（2）代表并列的词Other---some（比在前面那个事物之后）Another---one马上回原为定位指代事物出现的位置，大多情况下正确答案的方框在指代事物后面2、逻辑连接词通过插句内容和逻辑连接词含义推出上一句的内容，回原文寻找对应句子3、句子本身结构(1)用从句划分(2)用逻辑连词划分(3)用主+【谓+宾】划分例：XXX■YYYA+B（语意过渡）则A对应XXX B对应YYY顺序：优先看代词，再看逻辑连词，最后看句子分割排除错误选项的方法：讨论事物与插句无关八、归总题错误答案：（1）原文中未出现或者与原文内容相反，或者比原文少（2）Minor 在原文中对应的篇幅小（如果正确，应该对应一段或极端，若错误可能只包含一两句话的东西）（3）“引用”（4）句子讨论的主要信息并非原文的主要信息如何判断原文主要信息？ 标题！！！解该题需要看原文，而且需来会看（点击view text 和back to question）找关键词or 每段首句九、选非题列举的知识：每项地位平等小列举之后往往是大列举大列举的顺序和前面小列举的顺序一致。
每隔列举事物很多三个标的：1、某件事的三个原因Reason、cause、factor、explanation、excuse、contribution、contributor2、某件事的三个结果Result、consequence、effect、influence3、优缺点：advantage、benefit、strength、positive aspect、disadvantage、harm、weakness、deficiency4、理论流派：theory、thought、idea附：1、一般来说，某一道题目，对应某一段，正确选项不可能来自别的段落，尤其在各段讨论内容不同的时候。
2、关于细节题：表达感情色彩的次也可以帮助定位；时间变化可能暗示观点变化（previously、decades ago、 conventionally、traditionally、these days），还有比较级：more、better、worse。
表示变化的词：differ、change、become、vary、update、transform、strength、weaken3、关于复述题：答案不能在原文基础上加新的东西；当出现对比现象时，通常表达方式是利用比较级来替换4、关于插句题：插句题中给出的句子也可能成为解题信息；有时候插句题可以用上一句或者下一句来解题5、关于选非题：任何时候坐到选非题都需要把每隔正确选项在原文中找出来，选非题有时选项会将一个事物拆成两个分别做选项。
6、关于归总题：找最近的理由，例（D为结论）A→B→C→D 不选A而选C7、如果文中或题中出现斜体字，可能是：出现了特指或者作者在做强调8、表格题：（1）先判断该信息属于哪个类别（2）再判断选项是否在原文中出现过。