非谓语动词间句法功能..
高中英语语法非谓语动词
返回
1．(2011· 上海高考)It's no use action. A．complain C．being complained
without taking any
B．complaining D．to be complained
返回
解析：考查动名词作主语的用法。句意：不采取行动 而只是抱怨是没有用的。it's no use doing sth.“做某事 是没有用的”，为固定句式。 答案： B
返回
(2)v.ing形式作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所
表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，
一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. 在窗口站着的那个人是我们的老师。 The teacher criticized the student who had broken the
不能帮助做某事 情不自禁地做某事
I remember turning off the lights in the classroom. 我记得关上教室的灯了。 Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 当你离开教室时，请记着关灯。
sb.to do sth. allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth.
Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke. 这里禁止吸烟，但你可以吸烟。
返回
3．(2011· 四川高考)Lydia doesn't feel like
非谓语动词用法精讲(完整版)
2.不定式作宾语
一般情况下不定式都要to ，help可要可不 要；不定式有它自己的补语，要用it 作形式宾 语。
You needn't bother to come yourself.
They are considering what to do next.
Some who were famous in their own times
You can’t allow him to do that.
My advisor encouraged_____ a summer course to
improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking C. for me to take
等成分。
精品PPT
精品PPT
非谓语动词的形式变化
1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。 充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足 语、状语。 2、动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、 定语、宾语。 3、分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、 定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分
4、语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动 词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词的语态。
比 较 It is good of you to help me with my English.
你真好，帮助我学英语。 (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking.
戒烟对你有好处。 (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.)
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
如何判断非谓语动词讲解
如何判断非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指在句子中具有动词性质，但不作谓语的动词形式。
在判断非谓语动词时，我们可以注意以下几个要点：1. 结构特征：非谓语动词通常由动词原形或动词的-ing、-ed、-en等形式构成。
常见的非谓语动词形式包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
2. 句法功能：非谓语动词可以作为主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语等句子成分。
根据其在句子中的作用，我们可以判断非谓语动词的句法功能。
3. 语义特征：非谓语动词往往具有较强的动作性或状态性。
根据上下文的语义，我们可以推测非谓语动词所表达的动作或状态的特点。
以下是一些常见的非谓语动词及其用法的参考内容：1. 不定式（to + 动词原形）：- 作主语：To learn a foreign language well requires a lot of practice.（学好一门外语需要大量的练习。
）- 作宾语：I want to go shopping this weekend.（这周末我想去购物。
）- 作定语：The best way to solve the problem is to ask for help.（解决问题的最好方式是寻求帮助。
）- 作状语：He woke up early to catch the first bus.（为了赶上第一辆公交车，他早早醒来。
）2. 现在分词（动词-ing形式）：- 作主语：Painting is my favorite hobby.（绘画是我最喜欢的爱好。
）- 作宾语：I enjoy reading books in my free time.（我喜欢在闲暇时间读书。
）- 作定语：The running water is very clear.（流动的水非常清澈。
）- 作状语：Smiling, she accepted the award.（她微笑着接受了奖励。
）3. 过去分词（动词-ed或-en形式）：- 作主语：Broken glass should be handled with care.（破碎的玻璃应小心处理。
非谓语动词的句法功能及比较(DOC)
非谓语动词的句法功能及比较一、作主语（现在分词和过去分词不能作主语）1.不定式与动名词作主语，在表示抽象概念时两者往往可以互换。
To study hard (Studying hard) is our task.It is not easy to master English.It is not easy to mastering English.◆表示比较具体的动作或某一特定的动作或将来的动作多用不定式。
It is necessary to read it many times.To finish the task within two weeks is very difficult.◆主语是不定式，表语一般也要用不定式，动名词的情况也是如此。
To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.2.在下列结构中常用动名词（往往表示比较抽象的动作）It is no use doing sth.It is no good doing sth.It is (a) waste of time/money doing sth.There + be + no + doinghave trouble/problem/difficulty (in) doingspend time/money (in) doinghave a good/hard time in doing sth.have fun in doing sth.There is no joking about such matters.There is no denying the fact that the new method is much better.二、作宾语（现在分词和过去分词不能作宾语）1.英语中有个别动词后面带不定式和动名词作宾语意义上无很大的区别。
这样的动词有：like, love, prefer, start, begin, continue, hate, intend （+ to do或doing）等。
非谓语动词的句法功能讲解
④ 在某些名词之后：ability, decision, desire, determination, promise, plan, failure, offer, attempt等。 He prides himself on his ability to speak French. Their offer/ plan/ promise to rebuild the town was not taken seriously.
2. Our aim is to build China into a powerful, modern socialist country.
Ｂ. –ing • 主语常是表示事物或动作的名词－说明主语的内容
（动名词） Her job is teaching English.
• 主语常是表示事物的名词－表示主语所具有的特征 （现在分词） The news is exciting.
常用不定式的惯用句
2. It is a/ an +n (crime, mistake, pity, shame, good idea) + to do sth
eg: It is an offence to take photos here. 3. It takes + …to do sth eg: It would take years to rebuild the castle.
③ but/ except (prep.) + to do sth./ do sth. eg: He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep. not… but 连词词组，表示对比或强调 They decide not to visit other places but to remain where their were.
专题七 非谓语动词详解
专题七非谓语动词动词的非谓语有三种形式：不定式；动名词；分词一．非谓语动词的句法功能1.不定式：1)不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语It is right to give up smoking.2)不定式作表语My job is to teach students.3)不定式作宾语He deserved to win because she was the best.I can’t afford to live in a five-star hotel.下列动词后常接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, decline, demand, deserve, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, guarantee, happen, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, think, threaten, undertake, venture, want, wish等4)不定式作宾补My English teacher advised me to buy a better dictionary.He asked me to do the work with him.常跟不定式作宾补的动词：advise, allow, ask, beg, compel, convince, command, recommend, enable, encourage, expect, force, hate, help, inspire, intend, invite, lead, instruct, notice, observe, order, permit, persuade, press, remind, request, teach, tell, urge, want, watch, warn, wish等*注意：（1）下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾补（但在被动语态中要还原to）: “五看三使两听一感觉“五看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）三使（make, let, have）两听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）例：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.（2）在下列结构的than之后常接不带to的不定式：(would rather…than; rather than; do more than; do less than)例：I would rather go than stay.5)Hope, demand, suggest等后不能接动词不定式作宾补I hope/demand/suggest you to come. (错)I hope that you can come. （正确）6)不定式作定语a)不定式作定语大都用于表示即将发生的动作He’s finally made a decision to leave.The farmers thought of ways to protect their corps.b)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面要有相应的介词The Jacks have a comfortable house to live in.(如果不定式修饰的名词是time, place, way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去)He had no money and no place to live (in).c)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系Jack is the best man to do this job.Liuxiang was the first Asian athlete to win the gold medal of man’s 110mhurdle race in the Olympic Games.d)被修饰词是抽象名词时用不定式：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse,promise, answer, belief, attempt, way, reason, moment, time等Do you have the ability to read this English novel?I got no chance to go fishing.7)不定式作状语a)作目的状语I came here to see you.Jack had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of music.*注：（不定式本身有自己的主语时，可用“for…to”来表示）My father bought a book for me to read.目的状语还可以用以下方法表达：（in order to 可置于句首表示强调；so as to 通常不至于句首）b)作结果状语He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(表达令人意外的结果用only +to find/realize)He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.c)作条件状语To look at him, you would like him.（某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐，后跟不定式表示原因）I’m very glad to see you.I should be happy to be of any service to you.d)作原因状语We were very excited to hear the news.e)带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度He was too excited not to say a word.He is old enough to go to school.8)不定式作独立成分常用的短语有：to be frank坦白地说；to be exact确切的说；To make a long story short 长话短说; needless to say 不用说9)不定时的时态(一)不定式的一般式（to do; to be done）1.表示与谓语动词同时（或几乎同时发生）I saw him go out.2.表示在谓语动词之后发生I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow.(二)不定式进行时（to be doing）1.表示谓语动词的动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.2.表示在谓语动词之后发生He is believed to be coming.(三)不定式完成时（to have done; to have been done）1.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成时The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.(不定式的完成时常用在appear, believe, hope, pretend, seem等表示看法与想法的动词后)2.如果不定式由持续动词构成，而且句中有for, since等表示段时间的时间状语，则不定式的完成时表示持续到谓语动词之时仍没有结束He seems to have been ill for a long time. (强调现在还病着)I’m happy to have lived with you since I came to this school. （强调现在仍住在一起）3.不定式的完成时表示没有实现的愿望I hoped to have finished the work earlier. (我本希望能够尽早完成工作)I intend to have come to see you. (我本打算来看你)2.动名词：1)作主语Seeing is believing. 眼见为实2)作表语My job is teaching.3)作宾语He finished reading the book yesterday.i.下列动词只能接动名词作宾语：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escapeii.动词词组正能接动名词作宾语：Be used to, devote to, lead to, stick to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy in, have difficulty/trouble in, have a good time in, spend time in等iii.动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时，deserve作“应得”讲时，其后跟动词作它的宾语表示主语是该动作的承受者时，必须用动名词主动式（或不定式的被动式）表示被动意义The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.He deserved hanging/ to be hanged. (他罪当被绞死)iv.在excuse, forgive, pardon后接动名词时通常需要再动名词之前加上形容词性物主代词，也可接宾格人称代词+for+-ingExcuse me for opening your letter.=Excuse my opening your letter.Forgive me for interrupting you.=forgive my interrupting you.4)动名词的时态(一)一般式（v-ing; being done）如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动作同时发生还是在谓语动作之前发生，用一般式We are interested in playing cards.His coming will be of great help to us.(二)完成式（having done; having been done）动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所发生的动作之前，通常用动名词完成式I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.*注：动名词语态（在to be worth doing 句型中，动名词doing表示的是被动，修饰worth用well）例：The book is well worth reading.5)动名词和不定式结构在意义上的区别：动名词表示一般习惯，抽象概念，用于描述发生在主要动词之前的行为不定式表示具体的或特定的动作，用于描述发生在主要动词之后的行为Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)To play with fire is dangerous. (指这一具体动作)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但在意义上有所差别：1.forget to do sth. 忘记做某事；forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事2.remember to do sth. 记得要做某事；remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事3.stop to do sth. 定下来去做里一件事；stop doing sth. 停止做某事4.try to do sth. 努力做某事；try doing sht. 尝试着做某事5.go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事情；go on doing sth. 接着做同一件事情6.can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing sht. 情不自禁做某事3.分词1)做表语：（表示主语的性质或特征）He was very amusing.That book was rather boring.2)作宾补：现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语，例如：see, hear,catch, find, keep , have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.We found her greatly changed.3)作定语(一)单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；副词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and water are harmful to pelple’s health.Most of people questioned refused to answer.(二)现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，或表示某个经常性的动作或状态The gentleman standing there is my teacher.(三)现在分词的被动式作定语强调动作正在进行中The house being built will be our office building.Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?(四)分词完成式不能做定语。
高中英语语法之非谓语动词
动词的非谓语形式一非谓语动词的句法功能二分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。
如：I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义―留下‖，但表达的确切之义应是―使……处于某种状态）。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。
）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。
非谓语动词总结
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词有三种：不定式（the Infinites）、动名词（the Gerunds）和分词（the Participles）。
动词不定式的时态、语态动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：主动形式被动形式一般式（not）to make （not）to be made完成式（not）to have made （not）to have been made进行式（not）to be making完成进行式（not）to have been making(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。
如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can donothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
forget doing 忘记做过了某事 remember to do 记得要做某事
remember doing 记得做过了某事 stop to do 停下（某事）去做某事 stop doing 把某事停下来
go on doing 继续做同一件事
go on to do
1作主语
To find out who stole the money is not easy. It’s not easy (for you )to find out who stole the money.
不定式的复合结构 :for sb to do,
of sb to do It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.
2作宾语
I’m preparing to take the examination next week. （1）只接to do 作宾语的动词
attempt, afford, agree, arrange, beg, choose, decide, determine, expect, hope , intend , long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise , refuse seek, wish, want 等 Nhomakorabea 3作表语
不定式，动名词作表语多说明主语的内 容，不定式常说明具体的一次行为， 动 名词多表抽象习惯 分词：
现在分词：令人…的
过去分词：感到…的
My job is to teach/teaching you English. She looked disappointed. The news is very disappointing.
(3)即可接 to do 又可接doing ，但意义区 别不大的词有：like, hate, begin, start, love, continue等．
．
注意:start, begin后面接to do和doing无多大区
别。但在下列情况下，多用动词不定式： a．表自然界变化：It started to rain. Snow started to melt as spring came. b. 接表心理活动的词，如understand, know, realize等 I began to realize my mistakes. c. begin, start本身为进行时：
主动语态
被动语态
现动 一般 doing being done 在名 式 分词 完成 having done having been 式 done 词 done \ 过去分词
动名词 主语
动词不定 式
分词
宾语
表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式多表具体的动 作，动名词多表抽象 习惯的动作
（1）不定式做主语
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子, 通常用it作形式主语,构成句型: It’s +n.(adj.)+ for(of) sb. +to do sth.
regret to do
继续做另一件事 遗憾地要做某事
regret doing 后悔做了某事 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
(5)need, require, want译作“需要”时， 跟doing作宾语，主动表被动，相当于to be done. The classroom needs cleaning/to be cleaned
（2）只接doing动名词作 宾语的动词
allow, mind, miss, enjoy, escape, conside（考虑）, admit(承认)， advise, appreciate，avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay（延迟）, imagine, keep, quit（离开）, resist(抵抗), risk（冒险）, be used to, look forward to（期望）, object to（反对）, pay attention to, 等
eg. It’s worthwhile doing it. It’s no use doing it.
It’s a waste of time doing it
. ．
(2)动名词做主语时，it也可作形式主语．用于这种 形式的是一些特定的adj和n，但较少,如 worthwhile, worth, useless, no use, no good, fun, a waste of time等
It is very kind of you to come here. It is foolish of him to do such a thing.
在某些形容词如clever, good ,nice, kind ,foolish, careless, right, wrong, rude, impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这 是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。
人教版 Book 7 Unit 3 语法 1课时
动词不定式的基本形式
主动语态
一般式 完成式 进行式 to do to have done to be doing
被动语态 to be done
to have been done \ \
完成进行式 to have been doing
分词/动名词的基本形式
People are beginning to take some measures to stop pollution.
(4)有些动词后可接to do或doing，但意义 截然不同。
try to do try doing
尽力去做某事 试一试，试试看
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
(6)介词but/ except 表除了，其前有实义动词
do时，but / except后的不定式to要省略，否则 to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是：
有do无to，有 to无 do．
She has no choice but to wait He could do nothing but wait.