计算机专业英语 (2)
计算机专业英语第三版教学课件Unit2Software
Michael: I have checked the information. It is no problem to install it on the Windows 10.
迈克尔：我已经查看了相关信息。在Windows 10中安装没有问题。
Unit 2
Lesson 14
迈克尔正向技术支持部门的玛丽询问如何安装声卡。
Mary: Hello, Technical Support Department, what can I do for you?
玛丽：您好，技术支持中心，我能为您做些什么？
Michael: Hello, I want to replace the sound card with a new one. But I do not know how to operate in Windows 10 after I plug the card.
2. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__k_e_e_p__s_t_ra_c_k__o_f_f_il_e_s_a_n_d__d_i_re_c_to_r_ie_s on the disk.
3. _O_p_e_r_a_ti_n_g__s_y_st_e_m__c_o_n_tr_o_ls_p_e_r_ip_h_e_ra_l_d_e_v_ic_e_s_s_uc_h__as__di_s_k drives and printers.
Unit 2 Software
Lesson 1 Operating Systems Lesson 2 Office Software Lesson 3 Multimedia and Multimedia Software Lesson 4 Using Email Client Software
计算机专业英语 第二章
标点符号
Seven-and Eight-Bit Codes
排列
With 7 bits , it’s possible to provide 128 变化， different arrangements; With 8 bits , 256 变种 variations are possible. They are sufficient number to code 小写字母 lower-case-letters (26) , and a large number of other characters (28) .
Registers
跟踪
全部的， 全面的
A register is a storage location inside the processor . Register in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is running . Control unit registers store information such as the current instruction .
2-2 WHAT IS A PROCESSOR
2-2
什么是处理器
Notes:
Instruction set 指令系统 Processor 处理器 Operation 操作 Operand 操作码 Clock 时钟 Megahertz(MHz) 兆赫 Word size 字长
Seven-and Eight-Bit Codes
The 7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is widely used in data communications work and is by far the most popular code used to represent data internally in personal computers . by far 修饰比较级、最高级，强调数量、程度 等，意为“……得多，最……”。
计算机专业英语试题含答案
计算机专业英语试题2Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分)(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。
)(共10分，每题1分)1．operating system2．white box testing3．hard disk4．management information system5．electronic commerce6．relational database7．software engineering8． software maintenance9． menu bar10．network security(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
) (共10分，每题1分)1．只读存储器 2．广域网3．传输控制协议 4．文件传送[输]协议5．通用串行总线 6．面向对象编程7．集成开发环境 8．结构化查询语言9．数据库管理系统 10．开放系统互连（三）Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
)(10分，每空1分)1. application software a. 音频2. machine language b. 应用软件3. structured programming c. 机器语言4. functional testing d. 软件测试5. memory e. 结构化程序设计6. relational database f. 内存7. firewall g. 功能测试8. software testing h. 关系数据库9. hacker i. 黑客10. audio j. 防火墙1． 6.2． 7．3． 8.4． 9.5． 10.Ⅱ. Comprehension(阅读理解)（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form wherenecessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
计算机专业英语2
In C Language, a ______is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes.••正确答案：B210分The________ storage area that you can use to copy or move selected text or object among applications.••正确答案：C310分____ is the study of the principles of valid reasoning and inference, as well as of consistency, soundness, and completeness.•theory•正确答案：B410分Software design is a _____ process. It requires a certain mounted of flair on the part of the designer.•••正确答案：D510分Very long, complex expres-sions in program are difficult to write correctly anddifficult to _____.•••正确答案：D二、阅读理解共1题，50分150分A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product. These activities may involve the development of software from scratch in a standard programming language like Java or C. Increasingly, however, new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.Software processes are complex and, like all intellectual and creative processes, rely on people making decisions and judgments. Because of the need for judgment andcreativity, attempts to automate software processes have met with limited success. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools can support some process activities. However, there is no possibility, at least in the next few years, of more extensive automation where software takes over creative design from the engineers involved in the software process.Although there are many software processes, some fundamental activities are common to all software processes:1). Software specification The functionality of the software and constraints on its operation must be defined.2). Software design and implement-ation The software to meet the specification must be produced.3). Software validation The software must be validated to ensure that it does what the customer wants.4). Software evolution The software must evolve to meet changing customer Needs. Although there is no ‘ideal’ software process, there is scope for improving the software process in many organizations. Processes may include outdated techniques or may not take advantage of the best practice in industrial software engineering. Indeed, many organizations still do not take advantage of software engineering methods in their software development.(1)、A software process is _______.•product•standard programming language•existing system正确答案：B(2)、Software processes ___________.•complex and intellectual enough to be developed byComputer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools.•rely on Computer-aided software engineering(CASE) tools.•depend on the people making decisions and judg ments正确答案：A(3)、software processes usually include ________ activities.•••正确答案：C(4)、Improving the software process in many organizations is ______.•••正确答案：D(5)、Software design and implementat-ion means that _________.•functionality of the software and constraints on its o peration must be defined.•software must be validated to ensure that it does w hat the customer wants.•software must evolve to meet changing customer Ne eds.正确答案：B。
计算机专业英语(第二版)参考答案
写在前面的话各位老师：您们好。
欢迎使用劳动版专业英语教材。
如果您在使用中发现问题，或者有任何建议和意见，可与我们联系：联系人：赵硕联系电话：64962011电子邮箱：zhaos@计算机专业英语（第二版）参考答案Unit 1Lesson1Look and LearnA 1 Monitor 显示器 2 Modem 调制解调器 3 System Unit 系统单元，主机4 Mouse 鼠标 5 Speaker音箱 6 Printer 打印机7 Keyboard 键盘B 1.麦克风可以用来刻录声音。
2.操纵杆是为玩游戏而设计的。
3.多数的扫描仪可以既扫描图片又扫描文本。
4.绘图板被用于图形设计。
DialogueA 略B 1. Mary is good at computer.2. Because it hasn’t the computer software system, Mike’s computer can’t work.3. Mike is a computer outsider.Reading179A Input Device: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, graphics tabletOutput Device: monitor, speaker, printerB Input device (输入设备) convert into(把….转变为) output device(输出设备) translate into (翻译成)Lesson 2Look and Learn1 BIOS-ROM 芯片2 Flash memory 闪存3 memory bank内存条4 CMOS setup CMOS 设置DialogueA Install configuration error utility invalidB1.Mary works at PC Support Center.2.Bill should run the CMOS setup utility to solve the problem.ReadingA 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 eB 1. Random access memory (RAM); RAM is volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off.2. Cache memory; Cache memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.3. Flash RAM; Flash RAM can retain data even if power is disrupted.1804. Read only memory (ROM); ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.1 Floppy disk 软盘2 CD-ROM 光驱3 Hard disk 硬盘4 Flash Disk 闪存盘；u盘 5 mobile hard disk 移动硬盘DialogueB１. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. YesReadingA 1 A 2 Bseries prevent unrecoverable comprise dustB concentric181Lesson 4Look and Learn1. CPU slot (CPU插槽)2. Memory slots （内存插槽）3.AGP slot（AGP 插槽）4.PCI slots（PCI插槽）5. Power connector （电源接口）6.Input/Output ports（输入输出端口）DialogueA interface socket battery slot processorB 1.Because the battery of the motherboard is getting low.2. The socket types of both the processor and the motherboard have to be the same for them to work with each other. The motherboard must have updated BIOS in order for the certain CPUs to work right.ReadingA tower medium component expansion serial specializeB 1 No 2 Yes 3 NoUnit 2Lesson1Look and Learn1. desktop2. Pop-up Menu3. Folder4. Screen saverDialogue182B1.His card is an external sound card.2.Windows will look for and install a driver automatically.ReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. aB1. Operating system recognizes input from the keyboard and sends output to the display screen.2. Operating system keeps track of files and directories on the disk.3. Operating system controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Lesson2Look and LearnA Word Access Excel PowerPointB 1.Title bar 2.Menu bar 3. Toolbar 4.Row 5. Column 6. Cell 7.Statusbar DialogueA1. word2. icon3. dialog boxB1. NO2. Yes3. YesReadingA command grid software interface interact formulaB 1. a 2. b 3. cLesson3Look and LearnA. PhotoshopB. FlashC. 3DS MAXD. After EffectsDialogue1. web pages2. Flah Player3. Plug-in4. browser183ReadingA visual audio technology interactivity navigationalB 1. B 2.C 3. BLesson4Look and Learn1. carbon copy2. subject3. attachment4.salutationDialogueA 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NoB 1. set up 2. log 3. Outlook ExpressReadingA filter intention instruction confidentialB 1. D 2.C 3. A 4. BUnit 3Lesson1Look and Learnwork interface card2.Hub3. Switch4.Wireless Router5.CableDialogueB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. cB 1. a 2.c 3. bLesson2Look and Learn1841. Domain name2. Browser3. Website4. ProtocolDialogueA 1.ADSL 2. ISP 3. IP and DNS addressReadingA cable upload motorway permanentB 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. bLesson3Look and Learn1. bus2. star3. ring4. treeDialogueA 1.Toplogy 2. star 3. dynamicB 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA format device protocol destinationB 1. c 2. a 3. bLesson4Look and Learn1. firewall2. antivirus3. spam4. virusDialogueA 1.Control panel 2. antivirus 3. securityB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. NO 4. YesReadingA hack management maintenance attackB 1. a 2. b185Unit 4Lesson1Look and learn（1）销售副总（2）营销经理（3）销售代表（4）销售助理（5）采买部经理（6）采购员DialogueAB 1. ABC Company and Huaxia Commercial Company2.products design3. configuration and priceReadingA 1.No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. YesB 1.B 2.B 3.DLesson 2Look and learn1. discount stores2. catalogue3. promotion4. market share Dialogue186187B1. Not at all.a.你怎么啦？有什么问题吗？ 2. What ’s wrong with you?b.期待再次相见。
计算机专业英语(2)
Computer HardwareContentsz Careers in ITz TEXT A The Organization of Computer System Unit z TEXT B Input and Output z Writing Training z Translation Tips zLegendary Stories in ITTASK I Careers in ITCareers: Computer TechnicianComputer technicians repair and install computer components. They may work on everything from personal computers and mainframe servers to printers. Some computer technicians are responsible for setting up and maintaining computer networks. Experienced computer technicians may work with computer engineers to diagnose problems and run routine maintenance on complex systems. Job growth is expected in this field as computer equipment becomes more complicated and technology expands.Employers look for those with certification in computer repair or associate degrees from vocational schools. Employment usually begins with training, but most employers expect applicants to have prior technical experience. Computer technicians also can expect to continue their education to keep up with technological changes. Good communication skills are important in this field. Dialogue: Practice with Your PartnerTom: Hi, Jerry. You look so upset. What’s up?Jerry:I think computers are supposed to make our lives more convenient. But it seems like I spend half my time waiting for it to do something.Unit 2计算机专业英语·18·Tom:Why is it so slow? How much RAM do you have? Jerry:I think I have 128 Megs.Tom:That’s your problem.If you want Windows 7 to run smoothly, you need at least 256 Megs. Jerry:I have 512 Megs now. and most things work better, but I can't get my mouse to work properly. First it moves and then, all of a sudden, it jerks all the way across the screen. What can I do?Tom:Here, let me see. You should open the mouse and take out the ball.Do you see these contacts here?Jerry:Yes, they look pretty dirty.Tom: That's right. Let me clean those for you, and you'll be back to normal in no time. Jerry: Wow, you are so professional.Thank you. Tom:It’s my pleasure.TASK II TEXT AThe Organization of Computer System UnitFigure 2.1 The Organization of Computer Componentssequentially[si5kwZnFEli ] adj . 从而，循序地readily[5redili ] adv . 容易地，乐意地component[kEm5pEunEnt ] n . 部件，组件 A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. A general-purpose computer has four main components : the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices. These parts areUnit 2 Computer Hardware·19·bus [bQs ] n . 总线ArithmeticLogic Unit 运算器，运算逻辑部件circuit[5sE:kit ] n . 电路，环形fundamental[7fQndE5mentEl ] adj . 基本的，重要的maintain[men5tein ] vt . 保持，坚持accommodate[E5kCmEdeit ] vt . 容纳，顺应classification[7klAsifi5keiFEn ]n . 分类，类别distinct[dis5tiNkt ] adj . 截然不同的，明显的architecture[5B:kitektFE ] n .体系结构，建筑学address[E5dres ] n . 住址，地址binary[5bainEri ] n . 二进制register[5redVistE ] n . 寄存器interconnected by buses , often made of groups of wires (See Figure 2.1).Arithmetic Logic UnitIn computing, an arithmetic logic unit is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945, when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC. Research into ALUs remains an important part of computer science, falling under arithmetic and logic structures in the ACM Computing Classification System.Control UnitThe control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets the program instructions, transforming them into a series of control signals which activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one distinct part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann architecture . In modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall role and operation unchanged.MemoryA computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered “address” and can store a single number. The information storedin memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte).The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than计算机专业英语·20·random-access memory 随机存取存储器read-only memory 只读存 储器start-up 启动 indefinitely[in defEnEtli ] adv . 无限期地blur[blE :] vt .&vi . (使)变模糊 be restricted to 仅限于……，限制在……sophisticated[sE5fistikeitid ] adj .精密的，复杂的peripheral[pE5rifErEl ] n . 外围设备，周边设备perspective[pE5spektiv ] n . 远景，透视monitor[5mCnitE ] n . 监视器，显示器representation[7reprizen5teiFE n ] n . 表示，表达interaction[7intEr5AkFEn ] n .交互作用，互动 the main memory area. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory greatly increases the computer's speed.Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random -access memory or RAM and read -only memory or ROM. RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start -up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely . Flash memory blurs thedistinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.Input/OutputI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data received by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals . Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the perspective . Mouse and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input. These interactions between computers and humans are studied in a field called human–computer interaction.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·21·ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. In computing, __________ __________ __________ __________ (ALU) is a digital __________ that performs arithmetic and logical operations.2. Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: __________ __________ or RAM and __________ __________ or ROM.3. Inputs are the signals or data __________ by the computer, and outputs are the signals or data __________ __________ it.4. In computers, the control unit was historically defined as one __________ part of the 1946 reference model of Von Neumann __________.5.Note that the designation of a device as either input or output depends on the __________. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. A computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices;and they are interconnected by business. ( )2. I/O(Input and Output Devices) is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world.( ) 3. Mouse and keyboards take as output physical movement that the human user inputs and converts it into signals that a computer can understand. ( ) 4. RAM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it.( ) 5. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of some instructions so as to improve performance.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased andreprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state计算机专业英语·22·drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once.TASK III TEXT BInput andOutputFigure 2.2 Input and Output Devicesattach to 使依附 layout[5leiaut ] n . 布局combination[7kCmbi5neiFEn ] n . 结合，组合A computer is only useful when it is able to communicate with the external environment. When you work with the computer you feed your data and instructions through some devices to the computer. These devices are called input devices (See Figure 2.2). Similarly computer after processing, gives output through other devices called output devices (See Figure 2.2).Input DeviceInput devices are necessary to convert our information or data in to a form which can be understood by the computer.Keyboard: This is the standard input device attached to all computers. The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY. It also contains some extra command keys and function keys. It contains a total of 101 to 104 keys. You have to press correct combination of keys to input data. The computer can recognise the electrical signals corresponding to the correct keys combination and processing is done accordingly.Unit 2 Computer Hardware·23·rolls on 滚滚向前censor[5sensE ] vt . 检查 cursor[5kE:sE ] n . 光标monochrome[5mCnEkrEum ] adj . 单色的，黑白的dumb terminal 哑终端 intelligent terminal 智能终端hammering[5hAmEriN ] n .捶打，捶打的声音ribbon[5ribEn ] n .（打印机的） 色带Mouse ：Mouse is an input device that is used with personal computer. It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. When you roll the mouse across a flat surface, the screen censors the mouse in the direction of mouse movement. The cursor moves very fast with mouse giving you more freedom to work in any direction. It is easier and faster to move through a mouse.Scanner ：Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back. The common optical scanner devices are Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR) and Optical Character Reader (OCR).Output DeviceAn output device is any piece of computer hardware equipm- ent used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to the outside world.Visual Display Unit ：The most popular output device is the Visual Display Unit (VDU). It is also called the monitor. A keyboard is used to input data and monitor is used to display the input data and to receive massages from the computer. A monitor has its own box which is separated from the main computer system and is connected to the computer by cable. In some systems it is compact with the system unit. It can be color or monochrome .Terminals ：It is a very popular interactive input/output unit. It can be divided into two types:hard copy terminals and soft copy terminals. A hard copy terminal provides a printout on paper whereas soft copy terminals provides visual copy on monitor. A terminal when connected to a CPU sends instructions directly to the computer. Terminals are also classified as dumb terminals or intelligent terminals depending upon the work situation.Printer ：It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed copy of the processed text or result on paper. There are different types of printers that are designed for different types of applications. Depending on their speed and approach of printing, printers are classified as impact and non-impact printers. Impact printers use the familiar typewriter approach of hammering a typeface against the paper and inked ribbon . Dot-matrix printers are of this type. Non-impact printers do not hit or impact a ribbon to print. They use electro-static chemicals and ink-jet technologies.计算机专业英语·24·dot-matrix 点矩阵 ink-jet 喷墨式elaborate[I5lAbEreit ] vt . 详细设计Laser printers and ink-jet printers are of this type. This type of printers can produce color printing and elaborate graphics.ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. Terminals can be divided into two types: __________ terminals and __________ _________ terminals.2. Laser printers and __________ printers can produce __________ printing and __________graphics.3. A monitor has its own box which is __________ the main computer system and is __________ to the computer by __________.4. The __________ of keyboard is just like the__________ typewriter of the type QWERTY.5.Mouse __________ __________ a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. Input devices are necessary to convert our information or data into a form which can be understood by the computer. ( )2. Visual Display Unit (VDU) is the most popular input/output device of computer , it is also called the monitor .( ) 3. Scanner is an important inputer device,it is a kind of optical device that can output any graphical matter and display it back. ( ) 4. Mouse is an input device that is used with your personal computer, and it rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top. ( ) 5. A keyboard contains some extra command keys and function keys. When you press correctcombination of keys, you can input special data.( )Unit 2 Computer Hardware·25·IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photo receptor.TASK IV Writing TrainingBusiness Card名片，又称卡片，是标示姓名及其所属组织、公司单位和联系方法的纸片。
计算机专业英语 单元测验2
计算机专业英语单元测验（二）班级_______ 学号________ 姓名_________ 成绩__________ I.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) in relation tothe information in the text:1.With its software, a computer can store, process and retrieve information, displaymultimedia documents, search the Internet and so on.2.The parts of an operating system can be grouped into five broad functional categories.3.Early computing systems had no operating system. Users had complete access to themachine language.4.Conversational systems were developed in which users could interface directly with thecomputer through terminals. They operate in an interactive or conversational modewith users.5.Multiprogramming operating systems on personal computers can usually support asingle user running multiple programs.6.Errors may occur in the CPU and memory hardware.7.Microsoft Windows is a descendant of MS-DOS and the Windows extensions toMS-DOS developed at Microsoft.8.The 32-bit architecture decreases the process of downsizing mainframe andminicomputer application onto single or networked desktop system.9. C is one of the most popular high-level languages nowadays.10. C gives the same programming leverage as assembly languages.11. C doesn’t let you do chores performed by any assembly languages.ments must appear at the beginning of a program.13.Some systems ignore comments.ments may appear in the middle of a variable name.15.Data type is one of the characteristics of variables.16.Fixed variables maintain their value during the invocation.17. A global variable can only be defined once.18.The global variable’s initial value defaults to 1.II.Match the following key terms to the appropriate definitions:1.Operating system ______________.2.Distributed operating system __________.3.Single program operating systems _________.4.Multiprogramming operating system __________.5.Workplace __________.6.Data ___________.7.Disk drive ___________.8.Display __________.a.The operating systems allow only a single user to run a single program at one time.b.Which controls all the computer’s resources and provides the base upon which theapplication programs can be written.c.The operating systems allow more than one program to be run at the same timeone computer.d.It is one that appears to its users as a traditional uniprocessor system, even thoughis actually composed of multiple processors.e.Provides a window-based user interface for the operating system’s filemanagement functions and allows applications to share data among themselves.f.The device that plays the disk.g.The facts, numbers, letters and images input to a computer.h. A device that is used to give you feedback while you operate the computer and toview the computer’s output.III.Fill in the blanks from using the sentences and definitions found in text:1.Without its ________, a computer is basically a useless lump of metal.2.An operating system is software that manages the overall operation of the computersystem. Its primary purpose is to support ______________.3.In a network operating system, the users are aware of the existence of multiplecomputers and can log in to __________ machines and copy files from one machineanother.4.The types of operating systems include single program, multiprogramming __________,and virtual machine operating systems.5. A ___________ operating system allows a single computer to run two or more differentoperating systems.6.MS-DOS is a single-tasking operating system with a _________________user interface.7.Windows is a ____________ environment that introduces new, more streamlined waysfor you to work with your personal computers.8._________________ was specifically designed for the Intel family of microprocessors.9.The development of C began ______________________________________.10.In C environment, you _______________________________to perform I/O operation.11.The ways to call C are ___________________________________________________.12. A comment begins with ___________and ends with _______________.13.Identifiers can be made up of _____________________________________________.14.The first character is an identifier must be ___________________________________.15.The maximum length of an identifier can be ______________character.16.The initial value of fixed variables is ________________when you don’t explicitlyinitialize them.17.The storage class identifiers which C supports are ______________________________.18.There are ________________ways to create a global variable.IV.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.High level language2.Make a system call3.Tag name4.Storage class5.Global scope6.Function statement7.逻辑语言8.可执行语言9.程序模块10.低级语言11.赋值语句12.计算机程序设计员13.程序设计语言14.运行计算机程序V.Multiple Choice:1.Which of the following is not considered application software? __________a.Spreadsheet programsb.Operating systemc.Word processorsmunications programs2.Which of the following is not a multitasking operating system? __________a.Windowsb.OS/2c.MS-DOSd.System 73. A characteristic of operating system is ___________a.Resource managementb.Error recoveryc.Memory managementd.All of the above4.Which system may have no time constraints?________a.Real-time systemb.Time-share systemc.Batch systemd.All of the above5.The instructions that carry out the processing are called ___________puter programs orsoftwareb.Datarmationputer6.Which of the following is not the basic hardware components of computers _________a.Keyboardb.Displayc.Operating systemd.CPU7.Transistors and magnetic core memory are distinguishing features of which generationof computers? _________a.Firstb.Secondc.Thirdd.Fourth8.Which of the following is not a kind of medium for the storage part of the computerssystem? ___________a.Floppy diskb.Hard disksc.CD-ROM,d.Disk driveVI.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,These services can be ____________either as “external” or “internal”.The operating system provides external services that help __________ start programs, manage stored data and maintain ____________. You, as the computer user, control these external __________. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user ___________, an operating system provides you with a way to select the _________ you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete _______ and other data stored on disk or tape. On many, but not all computer ________, theoperating system, the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID and __________ as well as protecting your data from ___________access and revisions.The operating systems provides __________ services “behind the scenes” to ensure that the computer system functions ___________. These internal services are not generally under your ___________ but instead are controlled by the operating system itself. The operating system controls _________ and output, allocates system resources, manages the ___________ space for programs and data, and _______equipment failureIt lets the programmer express data _______ in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the _________ language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows _________ to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then ________ by program known as an assemble into the binary encoding used by the _________. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders ________ pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main _________ unit, where they are then ready for execution.The concept of linking _________ pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of ___________ to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first ________ toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software _________. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently __________ that higher-level languages( closer to natural languages ) were invented in 1950s for easier, faster ___________; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate ___________ language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more __________ and abstract, building efficient compliers that create high-quality code in terms of ___________ speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself. VII.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:But the really amazing thing is that we’re still only at the dawn of the digital age. In the past two decades, the power of microprocessors has increased more than one million times.But 20 years from now, microprocessors will probably be more than a million times again as powerful as they are today. And they’ll contain up to one billion transistors.Over the next few years the PC will remain the main computing tool for most people, but it will be joined by all kinds of now, microprocessor – powered devices that will make your life even easier. For example, when you’re traveling you‘ll be able to call up your itinerary, send an E-mail postcard, book an appointment with your doctor or balance your bank account using a handheld PC that will know what information you need, and when and where you need it. And you’ll be able to get a map, hotel guide or the news from the Web via new kinds of cell phones.。
计算机专业英语第二版 译文
《计算机英语》参考译文（精读部分）目录第1单元课文A：计算机概览 (3)一、引言 (3)二、历史 (3)三、硬件 (4)四、编程 (5)五、未来的发展 (5)第2单元课文A：计算机硬件 (5)一、引言 (5)二、输入硬件 (6)三、输出硬件 (6)四、存储硬件 (7)五、硬件的连接 (7)第3单元课文A：操作系统 (8)一、引言 (8)二、操作系统是怎样工作的 (8)三、当前的操作系统 (8)五、未来的技术 (10)第4单元课文A：编程语言 (11)一、引言 (11)二、语言类型 (11)三、高级语言的分类 (12)四、语言的结构与成分 (12)五、历史 (13)第5单元课文A：计算机程序 (13)一、引言 (13)二、程序开发 (14)三、程序元素 (14)四、程序功能 (15)五、历史 (16)六、未来 (16)第6单元课文A：软件生命周期 (17)第7单元课文A：进入关系数据库的世界 (19)一、什么是关系数据库？ (19)二、数据库管理系统的介绍 (20)三、不同的计算模型 (21)第8单元课文A：电信与计算机 (22)第9单元课文A：计算机网络 (24)一、引言 (24)二、调制解调器与计算机管理局 (24)三、局域网 (24)四、路由器与桥接器 (25)五、广域网 (25)六、分布式计算 (25)七、安全与管理 (26)第10单元课文A：因特网是如何工作的？ (26)一、因特网访问 (27)二、信息打包 (27)三、网络编址 (27)四、电子邮件 (28)五、传输模式 (28)六、带宽 (28)第11单元课文A：信息革命 (29)一、引言 (29)二、社会与技术发展 (29)三、信息革命的方向 (29)四、就业趋势 (30)五、信息技术与消费者 (31)六、信息革命的问题 (31)第12单元课文A：电子商务简介 (32)一、定义 (32)二、需求与服务 (32)第13单元课文A：计算机安全 (34)一、计算机安全面临的威胁 (34)二、保护计算机安全的措施 (36)第14单元课文A：比尔•盖茨文摘 (37)第1单元课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
计算机专业英语Unit02_SectionA_Computer_Hardware
键盘是一个像打字机的设备，它使用户得以向计算机 键入文本和命令。有些键盘有特殊功能键或集成的指 示设备，如轨迹球或者可以让用户通过手指的移动来 移动屏幕上光标的触敏区。
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Computer Hardware—Input Hardware
An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic optical: signals that be manipulated adj. can 光学的，视力的 by a computer. For ~ example, a photograph can be instruments 光学设备 scanned into a computer and then included in a text an ~ defect 视力缺陷 document created on that computer. The two most common scanner types are the flatbed scanner, which is similar to an office photocopier, and the hand-held scanner, which is passed manually across the image to be processed.
(完整版)计算机专业英语unit2ComputerArchitecture
这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。
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1. Introduction
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Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device.
计算机硬件是计算机所需要的设备，由可被物理操纵的部件组成。
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1. Introduction
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The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: in理器同时具有硬件与软件的特征，它们因此经常被称作固 件。
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2. Input Hardware
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Input hardware consist of external devices –that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU– that provide information and instructions to the computer.
1. Introduction
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Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consist of the components that can be physically handled.
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•PC (Personal Computer) 个人计算机•CPU (Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器•RAM (Random-Access memory) 随机存储器•ROM (Read-Only Memory) 只读存储器•BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 基本输入输出系统•IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) 智能磁盘设备•PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备接口•SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) 小型计算机系统接口•CD-ROM (Compact Disc, Read-Only Memory) 只读光盘•EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)•电可擦除只读存储器•DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc, Read-Only Memory)•只读数字化视频光盘•USB (Universal Serial Bus) 通用串行总线•LAN (Local Area Network) 局域网•DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) 数字线用户•VDSL (Very high bit-rate DSL) 甚高位率数字线用户•POST (Power-On Self-Test) 开机自检•TFT(Thin-Film Transistro) 薄膜晶体管•LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示屏•CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管•DLP(Digital Light Processing) 数字光处理技术•LCoS(Liquid Crystal On Silicon) 硅基液晶（也缩写为LCOS）•SED(Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display) 表面传导电子发射显示• OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode) 有机发光二极管•PDP(Plasma Display Panel) 等离子显示器•OS (Operating System) 操作系统•API (Application Program Interface) 应用程序接口•RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) 实时操作系统•BASIC(Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)BASIC语言（初学者通用指令码）•JIT(Just-In-Time compilation) 即时编译•VM (Virtual Machine) 虚拟机•GUI (graphical user interface) 图形用户界面•URL (Uniform Resource Locator) 统一资源定位符•TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 传输控制协议•UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 用户数据报协议•IP (Internet Protocol) 网际协议•JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Java数据库连接•SDK (Software Development Kit) 软件开发工具包•SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言•IBM(International Business Machines Corporation)国际商用机器公司•ANSI(American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会•ISO(International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织•DBMS(Database Management System) 数据库管理系统•RDBMS(Relational Database Management System )关系型数据库管理系统•ODBMS(Object-oriented Database Management System)面向对象的数据库管理系统•IMS(Information Management System)信息管理系统•CICS(Customer Information Control System)客户信息管理系统•DDBMS(Distributed Database Management System)分布式数据库管理系统Lesson 1 How PCS work•When you mention the word “technology”，most people think about computers．•当提到“技术”这个词时，大多数人就会想到计算机。
•Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component．•Virtually 事实上•facet 方面•Computer →computerized计算机化•Component 组成部分，部件•实际上，生活中的每一方面都有许多计算机化的成分。
•The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them，as do our televisions． Even our cars have a computer．•Appliance设备装置•built into装入•as do例如•家庭中的许多用品(如电视机)都装有微处理器。
甚至我们的汽车中也有计算机。
•[1] But the computer （that everyone thinks of first） is typically the personal computer, or PC.•本句中that everyone thinks of first是一个限定性定语从句，修饰和限定the computer。
that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
• or引导同义词或说明语，意思是“或者说, 即”。
•但是大家首先想到的计算机通常是个人计算机，即PC。
Lesson 2 Visual Display Unit•[1]A visual display unit(可视显示单元) ,often called simply a monitor（监视器） or display, is a piece of electrical equipment( which displays images generated from the video output ofdevices such as computers without producing a permanent record)•本句中，often called simply a monitor or display是一个过去分词短语，作主语A visual display unit 的同位语，对其作补充说明。
• a piece of一块;一张;一片;一件•可视显示单元通常简单地被称为监视器或显示器，它是一个电子设备，用来显示由视频输出设备（如计算机）产生的图像，但不会产生一个永久的记录。
• A newer monitor typically consists of a TFT LCD, with most older monitors based around a cathode ray tube(CRT).•TFT(Thin-Film Transistor) 薄膜晶体管•transistor晶体管•LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示屏•Crystal晶体•较新的监视器通常由TFT LCD组成，而大多数老式的监视器都是基于阴极射线管（CRT）的•The monitor comprises （包含）the display device,simple circuitry （to generate and format a picture from video sent by the signals source）, and usually an enclosure（外壳）.•显视器包含显示设备、（产生和格式化来自信号源发送的视频的图像的）简单电路，而且通常还有一个外壳。
•显视器包含显示设备、简单电路，而且通常还有一个外壳。
简单电路可以产生和格式化图像，图像来自信号源发送的视频。
•Within the signal source, either（无论） as（作为） an integral section（集成部分） or a modular（模块） component, there is a display adapter to generate video in a formatcompatible with（兼容） the monitor.•在信号源中，无论是作为集成部分还是模块部件，都有一个显示适配器来产生与监视器格式兼容的视频。
Lesson 3 How Operating Systems Work?How Operating Systems Work?操作系统是如何工作的?•If you have a computer，then you have heard about operating systems．•如果你有计算机，那么就听说过操作系统。
•Any desktop or laptop PC that you buy normally(通常) comes preloaded with Windows XP．• laptop膝上电脑；笔记本电脑•preloaded预装•你购买的任何一个台式机或笔记本电脑通常都预装了windows XP,•Macintosh computers come preloaded with OS X．•Macintosh苹果•苹果计算机预装了OS X。
•Many corporate servers use the Linux or UNIX operating systems .•Corporate公司的•许多公司的服务器都使用Linux或UNIX操作系统。
•The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer—without the operating system，a computer is useless．•操作系统(OS)是最先装入计算机的软件——没有操作系统，计算机就没有使用价值了。