英语常识--标点符号和运算符号

英语常识---标点符号的用法句号 Period用以表示一个句子的结束Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.The federal government is based in Ottawa.用在缩写中B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.问号 Question Mark [?]在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句：How many provinces are there in Canada?注意：在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号：The teacher asked the class a question.Do not ask me why.叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪：We won the Stanley Cup!The forest is on fire!逗号 Comma [,]句子中的停顿Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister. 在疑问句中引出说话人："I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."排列三个或以上的名词：Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces. 引出定语从句Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.单引号 Apostrophe [']表示所有This is David's computer.These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)Note: 对于复数形式的名词，只加'These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)缩写I don't know how to fix it.引号Quotation Marks ["]直接引出某人说的话：The prime minister said, "We will win the election.""I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."冒号Colon [:]引出一系列名词There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.引出一个较长的引语The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."分号Semicolon [;]将两个相关的句子连接起来The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year. 和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.破折号Dash [-]在一个句子前作总结Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver. 在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.表示某人在说话过程中被打断The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.连字符Hyphen [-]连接两个单词sweet-smellingfire-resistant将前缀anti-Canadiannon-contact在数字中使用one-quartertwenty-three运算符号用法：1．加：用and ,plus , added to 等词表示。

2 ＋ 4 ＝ 6 可译为：Two and four is six .Two plus four is equal to six .Two added to four equals six .Two and four makes six .Two plus four will be six .If you add two to four , you get six .2．减：用minus, taken from, subtracted from 等表示。

8－3=可译为：Eight minus three is five .Eight minus three is equal to five .Three taken from eight leaves five .Three subtracted from eight leaves five .Take three from eight and the remainder is five .3．乘：用multiply···by···/ multiplied by / time 等表示。

3 × 5 = 15可译为：Multiply three by five is (gives)fifteen .Three multiplied by five is fifteen .Multiply three by five , you get fifteen .Three times five is (makes, will be , equals, is equal to ) fifteen .4．除：用divide···by···/ divided by / divide···into··· / into 等表示。

24 ÷ 8 = 3 可译为：Twenty-four divided by eight makes (is , equals ) three .Twenty-four divided by eight is equal to three .Eight into twenty-four goes three times .Divide eight into twenty-four , and you get three .Divide twenty-four by eight , and you get three .5. 小数表示法小数点左边的数通常按基数词读，若为三位以上的数，也可按编码式读法读出，即将数字单个读出；小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。

如：6.86 six point eight six14.15 fourteen point one five345.456 three four five point four five six或three hundred and forty－five point four five six(2) 小数中“0”的读法“0”在小数中通常读作nought（英）或zero（美），也可读作字母o。

如：0.08 （nought）point nought eight 或（zero）point zero eight9.07 nine point o seven6. 百分数表示法百分数中的百分号％读作percent。

如：6% 读作 six percent0.6% 读作（nought） point six percent500% 读作 five hundred percent7. 倍数表示法倍数表示方法很多，如：This room is four times as big as mine. 这个房间是我房间的四倍。

This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。

The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。

My aunt is as old again as I am. 我姑姑年龄比我大一倍。

Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。

The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 times that of the Earth.太阳的体积约为地球的1300000倍。

8. 分数表示法(1) 较小分数的一般读写方法。

如：1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths(2) 较复杂分数的简明读写方法。

如22/9 twenty-two over ninea/b a over b 或 a divided by b 43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven(3) 整数与分数之间须用and连接。

如：four and a half nine and two fifths(4) 分数用作前置定语时，分母要用单数形式。

注意下列写法与读法。

如：a one-third mile 1/3英里 a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数加减乘除式的读法6+5＝11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven.11-6＝5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five.4×5＝20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty. 20÷4＝5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five. 15:5＝3 The ratio of fifteen to five is three.32 Three squared is nine.23 Two cubed is eight.24 The fourth power of two is sixteen.X^(1/2)=Y The square root of X is Y.X^(1/3)=Y The cubic root of X is Y.a ＞b a is more than b.a ＜b a is less than b.a ≈b a approximately equals to b.a ≠b a is not equal to b.常用标点符号用法．period 句号，comma 逗号：colon 冒号；semicolon 分号！exclamation 惊叹号？question mark 问号￣hyphen 连字符' apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号—dash 破折号‘’single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号( ) parentheses 圆括号[] square brackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号... ellipsis 省略号¨tandem colon 双点号" ditto 同上‖parallel 双线号／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§section; division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号±plus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠is not equal to 不等于号≡is equivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to or等于或约等于号approximately equal to≈is approximately equal约等于号to＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号≮is not less than 不小于号≯is not more than 不大于号≤is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≥is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‰per mill 千分之…∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equalsas等于，成比例(proportion)∠angle 角⌒semicircle 半圆⊙circle 圆○circumference 圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle 三角形⊥perpendicular to 垂直于∪union of 并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫the integral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of 总和°degree 度′minute 分″second 秒＃number …号℃Celsius system 摄氏度＠at 单价。