RC_Ch08(1)

Chapter 8 Foundations of PlanningTRUE/FALSE QUESTIONSWHAT IS PLANNING?2. Organizational planning is concerned with how objectives are to be accomplished, not what is to beaccomplished.(False; easy; p. 158)3. If a manager refuses to write anything down or share his plans with others in the organization, he is not trulyplanning.(False; moderate; p. 158)WHY DO MANAGERS PLAN?5. According to the textbook, research indicates that nonplanning organizations generally outperform planningorganizations.(False; moderate; p. 159)6. Planning establishes the goals and standards by which managers control their organization.(True; difficult; p. 159)HOW DO MANAGERS PLAN?8. Operational planning is usually performed by upper management.(False; moderate; p. 168)9. Operational plans specify the details of how the achievement of the overall objectives is to be obtained.(True; difficult; p. 162)10. Directional plans have clearly defined objectives.(False; moderate; p. 163)11. Standing plans create guidance for regularly occurring activities and events.(True; moderate; p. 163)ESTABLISHING GOALS AND DEVELOPING PLANS13. In traditional goal settings, goals often lose clarity and unity as they make their way from the top to thebottom of the organization.(True; moderate; p. 164)14. In a rapidly changing environment, well-defined and precisely developed action plans enhance organizationalperformance.(False; moderate; p. 163)15. Planning is a waste of time in a volatile environment.(False; easy; p. 163)20. In a typical MBO program, successful achievement of objectives is reinforced by performance-based rewards.(True; difficult; p. 165)23. A well-designed goal should be written in terms of outcomes, not actions, and the goals should be measurable.(True; easy; p. 166)MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSFor each of the following, choose the answer that most completely answers the question.WHAT IS PLANNING?28.Planning involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving thosegoals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans _____________.a.as to which shift will perform what work functionsb.to determine which manager will be over which departmentc.to integrate and coordinate organizational workd.to establish the quality and quantity of work to be accomplished(c; difficult; P. 158)rmal planning is _________.a.performed at the lowest organizational levelb.general and lacks continuityc.developed in informal meetings at a resortd.specific and is developed by the middle managers for their department(b; easy; p. 158)30.In formal planning, _________.a.specific goals covering a period of years are definedb.specific goals are developed and not writtenc.general goals are developed and not writtend.general goals covering an unspecified period of years are defined(a; easy; p. 158)32. In informal planning, __________ sharing of goals with others in the organization.a. everything may be written down, but there is little or nob. everything is written down, and there isc. nothing is written down, and there is little or nod. nothing is written down, therefore management does a lot of(c; difficult; p. 158)WHY DO MANAGERS PLAN?33.Planning gives direction, reduces the impact of change, minimizes waste and redundancy, and __________.a.establishes the workloads for each of the departmentsb.sets the basis used for promotion of individuals within the organizationc.eliminates departments that are found to not be needed within the pland.sets the standards used in controlling(d; moderate; p. 159)34.The quality of the planning process and the appropriate implementation of the plans probably ___________.a.don’t contribute to high performance nearly as much as the extent of planningb.contribute more to high performance than does the extent of planningc.contribute less to high performance than does the extent of planningd.should be studied more to factually determine which contributes the most(b; difficult; p. 159)HOW DO MANAGERS PLAN?42. Planning involves two important elements: ___________.a. goals and decisionsb. goals and plansc. plans and decisionsd. goals and actions(b; moderate; p. 160)43. Official statements of what an organization says and what it wants its various stakeholders to believe arereferred to as ___________.a. real goalsb. stated goalsc. committed goalsd. comprehensive goals(b; moderate; p. 161)45. What should a person do to understand what the real objectives of the organization are?a. observe organizational member actionsb. attend a stockholders’ annual meetingc. read their annual reportd. watch television news reports(a; moderate; p. 162)46. When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ____________.a.breadthb.specificitya.frequency of used. depth(b; easy; p. 163)47. When we categorize plans as being single use versus standing, we categorize them by ____________.a. breadthb. specificityc.frequency of used. time frame(c; easy; p. 163)50. Which of the following is true concerning standing plans?a.They provide guidance for activities repeatedly performed in the organization.b.They provide guidance for 1–3 years.c.They specify general guidelines.d.They are specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.(a; moderate; p. 163)51. A city’s policy concerning skateboarding on downtown sidewalks that provides guidance for police actionwould be considered what type of plan?a.standingb.contingencyc. directionald. single use(a; difficult; p. 163)54. Goals are objectives, __________.a. and we use the two terms interchangeablyb. but goals are long-term and objectives are short-termc. and goals are used by top management and objectives are used by first-level managementd. but goals are used in reference to profits, and objectives are used in reference to production output(a; easy; p. 160)55. Plans are documents that outline how goals are going to be met and ___________.a. define which department has what responsibilities needed to accomplish the goalsb. tell what materials and processes are necessary to fulfill the goalsc. identify how much capital is required to complete the goalsd. describe resource allocations, schedules, and other necessary actions to accomplish the goals(d; difficult; p. 160)59. The most popular ways to describe organizational plans are by their breadth, time frame, ____________.a. depth, and urgencyb. frequency, and urgencyc. specificity, and frequencyd. depth, and specificity(c; difficult; p. 162)60. Strategic plans are plans that apply to the entire organization, establish the organization’s overall goals, and____________.a. guide the organization toward maximizing organizational profits for the stockholdersb. attempt to satisfy all government regulations while maximizing profitsc. satisfy the organization’s stakeholdersd. seek to position the organization in terms of its environment(d; difficult; p. 162)63. Specific plans are clearly defined and ____________.a. allow managers to their interpretation for flexibilityb. leave no room for interpretationc. give the managers authority to interpret the plans for their area of responsibilityd. keep the stakeholders inform of the organization’s objectives(b; moderate; p. 163)64. Directional plans are ___________.a. flexible plans that set out general guidelinesb. stringent plans that establish specific directions for manager to followc. formal plans that provide the directions of how to assemble the productd. general plans that allow the workers to change the schedule of production(a; easy; p. 163)65. Standing plans are ongoing plans that provide ____________.a. general directions of how to accomplish an identifiable taskb. stakeholders identifiable goals that the organization will always strive to achievec. the stockholders identifiable goals that the organization will always strive to achieved. guidance for activities performed repeatedly(d; moderate; p. 163)68. The conflict in stated goals exists because organizations respond to a variety of _______________.a. stakeholdersb. external environmentsc. governmental regulationsd. stockholders(a; difficult; p. 161)71. __________ is a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation.a. Multipurpose planb. Strategic planc. Operational pland. Single-use plan(d; easy; p. 163)ESTABLISHING GOALS AND DEVELOPING PLANS75. Management by objectives is a management system in which the first steps are setting specific performancegoals that are _____________.a. established that can be easily accomplishedb. jointly determined by employees and their managersc. determined by top management with clarity so that the objective are clear to even the most incompetentemployeed. developed in such a manner that the employees are self-directed and do not need supervision(b; moderate; p. 165)77. According to the textbook, one of the potential problems of MBO programs is that ____________.a. there may be an overemphasis on the employee accomplishing their goals without regards to others inthe work unitb. they may not be as effective in times of dynamic environmental changec. employees do not take goal setting seriously enoughd. all of the above(d; moderate; p. 165)80. A well-designed goal should be measurable, have a specified time frame, and be ____________.a.written downb.nearly unattainable, so that even if the unit or employee misses their goal, performance is still very highmunicated to anyone who needs to knowd.both a and c(d; moderate; p. 166)82. When the hierarchy of organizational goals is clearly defined, it forms an integrated network of goals,or ____________.a. hierarchical-link chainb. means-ends chainc. weakest-link chaind. level-level chain(b; easy; p. 164)87. In the traditional approach to planning, planning was done entirely by top-level managers who were oftenassisted by ____________.a.business level managersb.functional level managersc. a mixture of managers from the line, functional, and business leveld. a group of planning specialists(d; easy; p. 169)CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN PLANNING92. According to your textbook, in an uncertain environment, managers want to develop _________ plans.a.general and flexibleb.specific but flexiblec.formald.contingency(b; moderate; p. 172)94. In an uncertain environment, managers want to develop plans that are ____________.a. flexible but manageableb. specific and long rangingc. directional but flexibled. specific but flexible(d; moderate; p. 171)96. According to your textbook, in order to manage effectively in dynamic environment, managers mustrecognize that planning is _____________.a. an ongoing processb. not renewable from one planning period to the nextc. best left to the formal planning departmentd. best done at the beginning of a new year(a; easy; p. 172)。