老外的sci论文摘要模板
sci的cover letter模板
sci的cover letter模板科学研究的重要性不言而喻，但是在申请SCI论文时，一份优秀的Cover Letter同样重要。
Cover Letter不仅可以帮助作者更好地介绍自己的研究，还可以帮助编辑更好地理解该论文的研究意义和贡献。
本文将为大家提供一份SCI的Cover Letter模板，希望对大家的SCI论文申请有所帮助。
Dear Editor,I am writing to submit our manuscript entitled [Title] for consideration as a [Journal Name] research article. We have conducted a study on [Brief description of research topic] and we believe that the results of our study are of great interest to the readership of [Journal Name].[One or two sentences on the background of the research topic] The main objective of our study was [Brief description of research objective]. We conducted [Brief description of research methods] and obtained [Brief description of research results]. Our findings suggest that [Brief description of main research findings]. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the field of [Research Field] and will be of interest to the readership of [Journal Name].Our research team consists of [Number of authors] authors, including [Author names and affiliations]. We have no conflictsof interest to declare and all authors have approved the manuscript for submission.We believe that our study is a good fit for [Journal Name] because [Brief description of why the study is a good fit for the journal, such as relevance to the journal’s scope, alignment with the journal’s mission, or previous publications in the journal]. We hope that you will consider our manuscript for publication in [Journal Name].Thank you for your time and consideration.Sincerely,[Your Name][Your Affiliation][Your Contact Information]以上是一份SCI的Cover Letter模板，其中包含了以下几个部分：1.标题：简明扼要地表明所提交的论文的名称和类型。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
英文文章摘要范文大全
英文文章摘要范文大全English:An English article abstract typically provides a concise summary ofthe main points of the article, aimed at giving readers a quick understanding of the content. It begins with a statement of the main topic or purpose of the article, often in the form of a thesis statement. Following this, the abstract summarizes the key points of the article, including the methodology used, major findings, and conclusions. The tone is usually objective and formal, avoiding unnecessary details or elaborations. Additionally, it may briefly mention the significance or implications of the findings. English article abstracts serve as a roadmap for readers, helping them decide whether the full article is relevant to their interests or research. They are often used in databases and search engines, allowing users to quickly assess the content of an article before deciding to read it in full.中文翻译：英文文章摘要通常提供了对文章主要观点的简明概要，旨在让读者快速了解内容。
英文文献摘要范例
英⽂⽂献摘要范例 下⾯是店铺为⼤家整理的⼀些关于“英⽂⽂献摘要范例”的资料，供⼤家参阅。
英⽂⽂献摘要范例 ABSTRACT William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers in the 20th century. As a leader ofAmerican “Southern Renaissance”, he won the Nobel Prize of literature in 1949 for “hispowerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”. (Faulkner,1949) Light in August is one of his masterpieces which explore moral themes related tothe decline of the old South. This thesis primarily concentrates on hard-to-defineidentity of the protagonist-Joe Christmas with the application of the post-colonialisttheory. Identity, from the perspective of post-colonialism, is a dynamic process ofconstruction involved with historical and social elements. It is neither natural nor stable,but invented and constructed outside. In the novel, Joe Christmas is regarded as amulatto suspect because of his birth riddle, despite the fact that there is no clearevidence about his uncertainty. Caged within the racism-rooted southern society, Joe'suncertain identity sets him onto the tragic life, for this ambiguity itself is a threat to thestability of the community. On the one hand, Joe is in the endless pursuit of his ownidentity under the influence of society. He is so obsessed with locating his own positionand seeking the sense of belonging that he cannot find peace in deep heart. It turns outthat all his efforts fail, without satisfactory consequences. In a certain sense, Joe createsthe predicament for himself. Having failed to apply the strategy of hybridity inpost-colonialism to fight back the society, Joe is doomed to be ostracized andabandoned by the mainstream white society. He is like a round peg in a square hole,wavering between the white and the black community all his lifetime. On the other hand,the whole society is keen to pin down Joe's clear identity in his own will, regardless ofJoe's intention. In a hierarchical society, it is the racial prejudice and different socialpowers that create and construct Joe as a part nigger. There are four chapters in the thesis besides Introduction and Conclusion parts. Chapter One is the literature review of Light in August both at home and abroad. Chapter Two gives an overview of the post-colonialist theories, especially theories ofidentity construction, which constitutes the theoretical foundation. Chapters Three andFour are the main body, respectively analyzing both the internal and external elementsof Joe's identity dilemma in the light of the post-colonial theories. In conclusion, the indeterminacy of Joe Christmas' identity demonstrates that theessence of identity issue is not whether one is a black or not, but the social constructionof identity of human beings. ABSTRACT The term “intertextuality”, which was introduced by French literary critics JuliaKristeva in the 1960s, refers to the relationship between texts. And it has been in thespotlight of the academic world since its debut. Kristeva claims that every text isconstructed as a mosaic of quotations; every text is the absorption and transportation ofother texts. The theory of intertextuality not only brings about great social, cultural andhistorical significance, but also stimulates a new thought and a refreshing researchperspective for the evolution of translation theory. Biancheng, a novella that expresses the localism, is the masterpiece of the famousmodern Chinese writer Shen Congwen. The story happened in a border town namedChadong of Xiangxi in the 1930s, and it depicts the special local flavor of Xiangxidistrict. At the same time, the novel showcases the kindness of the humanity and thepurity of the soul by describing the tragic story of a girl called Cuicui. The novel hasattracted lots of readers at home and abroad for its unique artistic charm and vivid localflavor. The thesis deals with the two representative English versions of Biancheng, one isfrom the famous British translator Gladys Yang, the other is from the Americansinologist Jeffrey C. Kinkley. The author engages in the exploration of how to apply thetheory of intertextuality to the translation of novels from theory and practice and tries todig up a new perspective concerning the translation studies of Biancheng as an effort toprove the fact that the theory of intertextuality can not only be viewed as epistemologybut also be taken as methodology for the research of novel translation. All in all, two research methods are included in this thesis. First and foremost, thecombination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis runs through the wholethesis in order to reflect the frequency distribution for use of domestication andforeignization; in addition, the thesis mainly uses the case analysis, especially in themain body part. It expounds the enlightenment the theory of intertextuality brings to thenovel translation by comparing different translations of the different Chineseculture-specific items (CSI) in terms of linguistic, material, social, religious andecological culture. The features of the application of the intertextuality into thetranslation studies are as follows: it pays much more attention to the translator'ssubjectivity and manifests the nature of translation activities as intertextuality in aclearer way. Thus, it helps to build the new intertextual connections between the sourcetext and the target text and provide fresh new theoretical support for the macroscopicconstruction of the translation studies. This thesis can be divided into six parts. In the Introduction, the author displays a brief introduction of the researchbackground, research significance, the methodology, and the structure of the thesisrespectively. Chapter One is the review of the previous studies on Biancheng and its Englishtranslations both at home and abroad. Chapter Two is primarily concerned with the establishment and development of thetheory of intertextuality, and then the relationship between the theory of intertextualityand translation will be presented. Chapter Three is about Biancheng and its two English translations. It not onlypresents a brief introduction of Shen Congwen, but also elaborates the description of thetwo translators---Gladys Yang and Jeffrey C. Kinkley. Meanwhile, it provides us withthe background information about the formation process of these two English versions. Chapter Four is the main body of the thesis. The author initiates the comparativestudy of the two English versions of Biancheng by detailed analysis of five differenttypes of culture-specific items, namely linguistic, material, social, religious andecological culture,The last part is the Conclusion. The author holds that Biancheng contains a lot ofdifferent types of intertextual signals of Chinese culture-specific items which can betraced in other previous texts. At the same time, because of the different environmentand cultural background, the two translators share different understandings on theintertextual signals of those culture-specific items, resulting in the two translators' different choices of different translation strategies. Gladys Yang's version involves bothdomestication and foreignization, and foreignization occupies a larger percentage. Asthis version got published in 1981, the readers from the English speaking countriescould grasp the style and content of the translated version in a rather difficult way;while Kinkley's version was out in 2009, and he tended to use more foreignization thanthat of Gladys Yang, which helped to meet the needs of those foreign readers who notonly possessed basic knowledge of China and Chinese culture, but also yearned forhaving a better understanding of Chinese culture. In addition, Kinkley's versionsuccessfully maintained the local flavor of the source text, helps transmit Chineseculture to the world, and making it a worthwhile material for further study. Abstract With the development of optical networks, the architecture of optical networkbecome more and more complex, so the demand to establish monitoring network foroptical network is urgent and necessary. Traditional optical network monitoring systemfocused on the terminal of equipment, take the form of protection switching when thebreakdown of network to keep the integrity of the network,but this method can not givethe type and location of breakdown in optic cable.“Multi-fible monitoring system” isproposed to solve this problem. This system, based on the principle of backscatter, consists of OTDR block,opticalswitching, computers, embedded operating systems etc.It establishes a monitoring systemwhich could efficiently manage the complex optical networks.In this thesis,it firstlyintroduces the present research background of OTDR,describes the optical principle offiber measurement and the structure of modern digital OTDR block;then it gives thearchitecture of the fiber monitoring system which consist of MCU,OTDR block,opticalswitching,Ethernet and management software;at last it mainly introduces the self-defineprotocols,with these protocols we can request measurement,modify IP address ofMCU,switch the fiber link we measured,cancel the measurement and store the result ofmeasurement.meanwhile its monitoring function has no impact on the networkscommunication and it could discover the potential threatto optical networks by setting ofmanagement software,promoting the reliability and stability of optical network. Abstract The paper regards THE DRESS CODE as the theoretical basis, systematicallyresearching and finishing the man's shirt custom culture connotation and process. Through thedomestic on-the-spot investigation and foreign online survey the author gets to know shirt'scustom status quo, combing and summarizing the relevant literature in different countries, andsummed up the basic theories and methods of shirt customization system. THE DRESS CODE is the basic rule of international society and luxury culture. It containsrules of clothing and clothing of practice. In THE DRESS CODE system, is divided into fourtypes: formal dress, informal dress ,outdoor clothing and coats. Shirt is indispensable to theformal dress and informal dress as well, which is the main type of outdoor clothing. Inner wearshirt goes with formal dress and informal dress, which are divided into dress shirt and businessshirt. The dress shirt includes Tailcoat dress shirt, Tuxedo dress shirt, Morning coat dress shirt,Director's suit dress shirt; Business shirt includes formal shirt, business casual shirt. Outdoorclothing includes casual shirt and sport shirt. They all have special expression language andstandardize the shape. For shirt shows tasty characteristics and rules can be seen when wearing it,which contains more than just a piece of clothing. It is restrained to demonstrate the family of anassortment of shirts, the “family rules” to determine the basic rules of custom shirt industry andpath. The system always shows men's shirt characters, intentionally or unintentionally and leadsto social ethics and correction. The paper aimed at each sort of custom shirt's gentleman culture,shape characteristics, choice of colors, fabrics, accessories and social regulation has carried onthe detailed reading, translation, analysis and sorting, and then established a gentleman shirtcustomization system based on THE DRESS CODE. Designed to provide a reliable theoreticalbasis and successful cases shirt in China custom industry and enhance the international brand ofrelated research. Abstract Patent documentations translation plays an important role for the spreading andexchanging of scientific information. As an important component of patent documentations,the translation of terms has a significant effect on the translation quality of patentdocumentations. At present, machine translation method has been fully developed, various kinds oftranslation systems emerged one after another. When translators translate the terms in thepatent documentations, they often translate them with the help of these translation systems. At the same time, in the process of translation for patent documentations, translators willproduce large translation examples stored in the term example library and can use it tooptimize the results from the translation systems, thereby provide better reference for thetranslators to assist them translate the term. This paper presents an automatic English-Chinese term translation method based onmulti-strategy. The work of this thesis mainly consists of two parts as follows: Firstly, through analyzing the characteristics of terms, this paper introduced three kindsof features that adequately describe term translation fluency, compactness and loyalty, namelyterm word formation feature, mutual information feature and term example library feature. These three features are combined with basic features, and regression algorithm in machinelearning is used to predict the translation quality so as to select the best result. Secondly, this paper optimized the term translation results with low quality scores by theterm example library. String similarity algorithm is used to find several term translationexamples that are highly similar to the source language of the term to be optimized in theterm example library. According to the target language of these examples and the translationof the term to be optimized, a translation grid is constructed. With translation model featureand language model feature, the Viterbi decoding algorithm is adopted to search a top scoringpath in the grid, thereby generate a new term translation. On the basis of the above work, an English-Chinese term translation system based onmulti-strategy is constructed. Experimental results show that the method achieves goodperformance in term translation quality estimation and term translation optimization. Thesystem can help translator to translate the term of patent documentations.。
SCI论文模板范文
SCI论文模板范文Research on XXXXAbstractXXXX is an important problem for the research field of XXXXXX, widely studied by scholars in recent years. This paper firstly introduces the basic concepts and research backgrounds of XXXX. It then summarizes the main research progress in this field, and subsequently reviews the challenges and possible solutions for the existing problems in detail. Finally, the prospects and related potential topics are put forward for the further research of XXXX.Keywords: XXXX; XXXXX; XXXXX; XXXXX1. Introduction2. Main research progressXXX is the fundamental problem of XXXX research. In recent years, scholars have made a lot of attempts to solve the XXXX problem. In terms of methods, the research approaches can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the traditional XXXX approach, and the other is the XXXXXX approach. XXXX based on XXXXXX has achieved some encouraging results. XXXX, XXXX, XXXX and other methods are widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT). In terms of research results, XXXXXX has made greatprogress in recent years. XXXX, XXXX and XXXX have been successfully applied in XXXXXX.3. Challenges and solutions4. Prospects and potential topicsReferences[1]XXX.XXX.XXXX[J].XXXXXX,2024,XX(XX):XXX–XXX.[2]XXXX,XXXX.XXXX[J].XXXXXX,2024,XX(XX):XXX–XXX.[3]XXXX,XXXX.XXXX[J].XXXXXX,2024,XX(XX):XXX–XXX.[4]XXXX,XXXX.XXXX[J].XXXXXX,2024,XX(XX):XXX–XXX.。
论文摘要英语作文格式
论文摘要英语作文格式Title: A Guide to Writing an English Abstract for Academic Papers。
Abstracts are concise summaries of academic papers that provide readers with a brief overview of the research, its objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Writing an effective abstract is crucial for attracting readers' attention and accurately conveying the essence of your work. This guide outlines the key components and format for crafting a well-written English abstract for academic papers.1. Introduction: Begin your abstract by briefly introducing the topic of your research. Clearly state the research problem or question that your paper addresses. Provide context for the study and explain its significancein the broader field of research.2. Objectives: Clearly state the objectives or aims ofyour study. What are you trying to achieve with your research? Identify the specific goals that guided your investigation and motivated your study.3. Methods: Describe the methods or methodologies used in your research. Provide a concise overview of the research design, data collection procedures, and analytical techniques employed in your study. Highlight any innovative or unique aspects of your methodology.4. Results: Summarize the key findings of your study. Present the most important results or outcomes of your research in a clear and concise manner. Avoid interpreting the results in the abstract; instead, focus on presenting the facts objectively.5. Conclusions: Conclude your abstract by summarizing the main conclusions or implications of your research. Discuss the significance of your findings and how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field. Highlight any theoretical or practical implications of your study.6. Keywords: Include a list of keywords or phrases that accurately represent the content of your paper. Choose terms that are relevant to your research topic and are commonly used in the field. Keywords facilitate indexing and help readers locate your paper in databases and search engines.7. Formatting: Follow the formatting guidelines specified by the journal or conference where you intend to submit your paper. Typically, abstracts are single-spaced and range from 150 to 300 words in length. Use clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary technical jargon or acronyms.8. Revision and Proofreading: After drafting your abstract, carefully review and revise it to ensure clarity, accuracy, and coherence. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Consider seeking feedback from colleagues or mentors to improve the quality of your abstract.In conclusion, writing an effective abstract requires careful attention to detail and adherence to the conventions of academic writing. By following the guidelines outlined in this guide, you can craft a clear, informative, and compelling abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research to your audience.。
论文英文摘要格式
论文英文摘要格式The abstract is a concise and informative summary of the main aspects of a research paper. It typically includes the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. The following is a recommended format for writing an abstract in English for a research paper:1. Introduction: Start the abstract by introducing the background and significance of the research topic.2. Objectives: Clearly state the research objectives or main research question that the study aims to address.3. Methods: Provide a brief description of the research design, methods, and materials used in the study.4. Results: Summarize the key findings or outcomes of the research. Include any statistical significance, if applicable.5. Conclusions: State the main conclusions or implications of the study and highlight their significance. Avoid generalizations and unsupported claims.6. Keywords: Include a list of relevant keywords or phrases that can help identify the main subject of the research.7. Length: Keep the abstract concise, usually between 150 to 250 words. Avoid including unnecessary details or referring to figures or tables.8. Language: Use clear and concise language. Avoid jargon and technical terms unless necessary. Use active voice and be specific in your descriptions.Remember that the abstract is often the first part of your research paper that readers will see, so it should be well-written and accurately represent the content of your study.。
论文的英文摘要范文
论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景，描述前者研究存在哪些问题，为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。
2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法，需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限，所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可，不要花太多篇幅介绍。
3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果，如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。
4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。
Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。
其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文，也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。
所以，摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。
说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后，那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。
对于留学新生们来说特别适用，当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法，但是在不会写之前，可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。
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老外的sci论文摘要模板
文章投稿时，给读者留下第一印象就是摘要，摘要是论文的简要总结必须要传达正确的信息。
摘要作为一篇文章主旨的简要概述，读者也能从中判断文章是否为自己所要找的~~The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society为帮助作者更好的写作摘要，特意推出一套关于科学论文写摘要的模板，他山之石，可以攻玉，我们就来看看人家老外是怎么写摘要的吧!
不同类型摘要
科学论文摘要分为描述型、信息型、结构化、半结构化和非结构化。
首先呢，我们先来看看不同类型摘要的异同和写作要求。
描述型摘要
描述型摘要一般比较简短(50-100字)，大部分描述型摘要都由一些共同的重要部分组成，如，背景(Background)、目的(Purpose)、sci服务微信（publsci）文章的主要问题(Particular interest/focus of paper)和内容概要(Overview of contents，不常包括)。
由于描述型摘要不包括详细的结果信息，可能通过一个词组表达结果而没有数值和统计数据，因此需要获得全文了解具体信息，对于读者来说就不是很便利。
描述型摘要告诉你文章在讲啥，但是要知道到底是怎样还需要进一步的阅读文章细节。
信息型摘要
从信息型的摘要(常200字左右)中，你能够获取文章的精髓部分。
大部分的信息型摘要包括一些共同的关键部分，每个部分约一两句，如背景(Background)、研究目的(Aim or purpose of research)、使用方法(Method used)、结果发现(Findings/results)以及总结(Conclusion)。
信息型摘要提供研究的准确数据，尤其是结果部分，信息型摘要相当于一个小的科学论文，读者可以从中获取大部分有用的信息甚至因此不必阅读全文。
CONSORT声明建议，临床研究信息型摘要的结构和数据应该有一定的格式，用400字(包括标题)简单介绍方法(组成、干预、目的、结果、随机分组、空白对照)、结果(随机分组的样本量、用于分析的样本量、结果、重要的不利因素)、结论、实验注册名称和资金来源。
结构化摘要
结构化摘要包括四个部分，目的(Introduction),方法(Materials and Methods),结果(Results)和结论(Conclusion)，中英文结构化摘要基本相同，文辞力求简明有实质内容。
CONSORT声明建议临床实验报告摘要需要有一个结构化的格式，同时摘要结构化使得数据信息化更清晰、明了。
半结构化摘要
半结构化的摘要仅有一个短评，每句对应文中的一部分，结构化摘要才每个部分分别介绍。
非结构化摘要
非结构化摘要可能并不提及文中的每个部分，也可能一个都不涉及。
摘要中需要突出的内容
一句话介绍文章的主题、背景是啥?
一句话目的描述—这项研究是为啥?
一句话总结为啥其他人没有解决类似问题?
你的研究问题怎样解决(思路)?
你的研究怎样进行(方法)?
这项研究的重要意义在于?
写摘要时易犯的错
文章的摘要帮助读者将整篇文章每个部分串起来，因此需要避免过多的细节描述或者介绍过于笼统而显得内容模糊不清。
写摘要应该适当的筛选词句使文章一致、清晰、内容准确。
一个常见的错误—缩写的使用，包括过度使用缩写或者错误使用缩写等。
如：首次使用缩写没有写全称、随意制造缩写词、首字使用缩写(以“I”代替“iodien”放句首)
摘要的长度要求常常要看你所投期刊的要求，而摘要太长是最常见的错误。
摘要应该保持一致和连贯，其中所涉及的结论必须要有结果支撑，内容也必须与研究目的相呼应。
摘要中其他常见错误有：目的(objectives)不明确、数值和数据统计结果过多以及总结空乏没有基于结果。
总结
摘要是一篇paper的重要部分，只有当作者对研究结果和结论有一个清晰的了解时才开始写摘要，才能保证摘要的正确性。
一个好的摘要常常成就一篇好的paper，一个糟糕的摘要容易造成文章难以被接收。
Paper能不能被接收摘要写的好不好很重要，因而细心计划去写摘要是很重要的。
简单说，一个好的摘要就是：
内容正确一致;
涵盖一篇paper所有重要学术部分;
不包括paper中不涉及的东西;
用简单的词句不仅专业人员能懂和普通读者也要能懂;结果部分使用被动语句;
通常没有引用;。