精品解析：【区级联考】上海市嘉定区2019届高三二模(含听力)英语试卷(解析版)
英语试卷
(满分140分 考试时间120分钟)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A (10分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.At a hotel.B.At a travel agency.
C.At an airport.D.At a police station.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: Good morning sir. Can I help you?
M: I’m due to check out today, but I’d like to extend my stay another two days.
D.He suggests the woman visit the university.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: I’d love to join you in the West Lake trip, but my daughter will come back home from the university. What a pity.
Q: What are the speakers doing?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.He is sorry for the woman’s absence.
B.He is worried about their trip expense.
C.He suggests the woman bring her daughter.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: I really like the baseball bat and the price is also attractive. I’m wondering whether you can ship it overseas to Shanghai.
M: Sorry, we don’t provide this service.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.Travel agency.B.Tour news.
C.A job opportunity.D.Sales strategies.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Hi, Danny. The advertisement says they need a salesperson. That’ll be perfect for you because you like travelling Байду номын сангаасery much.
M: That sounds nice. Did they mention anything about experience?
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.Customer and travel agent.B.Guide and tourist.
C.Customer and shop assistant.D.Trainer and trainee.
Q: What will the man most probably do?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.Sending an e-mail.B.Talking on the phone.
C.Working in an office.D.Doing spelling practice.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
W: One of our club members is quitting. Do you know if anyone is interested in taking her place?
M: I’m not sure, but I’ll certainly keep an eye out for you.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: Can you give us your e-mail address, so we can get back to you as soon as possible?
M: I’ll send you an e-mail so we don’t have to do the spelling on the phone. Okay?
Q: What are the two speakers talking about?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
A.Join the club himself.B.Persuade the member not to quit.
C.Attend the next club meeting.D.Look for someone to fill the position.
2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇（解析版）
2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇（解析版）2019届高三英语二模汇编——阅读C篇1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books,providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold o ver 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpfulreading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils”are all words that describe something ____________.A. outdatedB. typicalC. meaningfulD. useless64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and AnnaKarenina are all ____________.A. superior and dramaticB. dense and environmentalC. awkward and heavyD. significant and resistant65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?①line spacing customization②the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book③access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a fingerA. ①and ②onlyB. ①and ③onlyC. ②and ③onlyD. ①, ②and ③66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your readingexperience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing ane-reader.”B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should)．”C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digitalform, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and providehelpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”答案：63-66 ACAD难度：中等解析：本文为说明文。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet can provide a wealth of educational resources for small children, if you know where to look.Enchanted LearningEnchanted learning is a great website for children, and I know several teachers who rely on it for materials for their classrooms. Most of the information is free, but for $ 20.00 per year, you can purchase a membership that allows you to have access to the site without the advertising. The pages here are great. There are color1 ed pages and worksheets for toddlers (学步儿童) and school-age children.StarfallStarfall is another good educational website for small children. Teachers often use this website in classrooms. It emphasizes reading skills for early learners. The website is aimed at first-grade-level learners, but it has tools that can help all children from pre-K to second grade. The website has reading activities, worksheets to download, and a store where you can purchase educational materials for your children.Sesame Street WorkshopKids loveSesame Street, and it is always educational. This is one of the funniest websites online for children because it is very well animated and has great sound effects. The website has games and stories for small kids, and they can create letters at the post office and mail them to their favorite characters.1. Why does Enchanted Learning offer purchasing memberships?A. Charging for the information.B. Charging for downloading materials.C. Giving access to the site without the ads.D. Providing unlimited search for more pages.2. Where can you buy educational materials for your children?A. Enchanted LearningB. StarfallC. Sesame Street WorkshopD. Colored pages3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce.B. To discuss.C. To persuade.D. To educate.BImust have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the wonderful way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, “I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,” I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Sometimes, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.Now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is an important part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.4. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands？A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.B. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart.C. She couldn’t help but stopmom from reading.D. She was eager to know what had happened.5. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs shows___________.A. her own way to find herselfB. her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC. her growing desire to know the world around herD. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules6. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.A. explore a mysterious landB. develop an interest in learningC. get away from a confusing worldD. learn about the adult world7. What could be the best title for the passage？A The Pleasure of Reading B. Growing Up with ReadingC. The Magic of ReadingD. Reading Makes a Full ManCWater keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty cropslike millet(小米).Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.8. What can we know from Paragraph 2?A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.B. Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.9. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Rainfall is not as steady as before.B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.C. The water supply relies more on rainfall.D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.10. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system.B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.C. Reduce the number of people in the cities.D. Grow less-water consumption crops instead.11. What will be discussed if the passage continues?A. How to prevent from climate change.B. How to inspire people to save water.C. How to recycle wastewater in citiesD. How to make people get access to clean water.DI was checking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take thechance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.12. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.13. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.14. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.15. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。
上海市嘉定区2019届高三二模(含听力)英语试题
上海市嘉定区2019届高三二模（含听力）英语试题一、短对话(★) 1 .A．At a hotel.B．At a travel agency.C．At an airport.D．At a police station.(★) 2 .A．Customer and travel agent.B．Guide and tourist.C．Customer and shop assistant.D．Trainer and trainee.(★) 3 .A．Travel agency.B．Tour news.C．A job opportunity.D．Sales strategies.(★) 4 .A．Join the club himself.B．Persuade the member not to quit.C．Attend the next club meeting.D．Look for someone to fill the position.(★) 5 .A．Sending an e-mail.B．Talking on the phone.C．Working in an office.D．Doing spelling practice.(★★) 6 .A．He is sorry for the woman’s absence.B．He is worried about their trip expense.C．He suggests the woman bring her daughter.D．He suggests the woman visit the university.(★★) 7 .A．The man can change his room later.B．She has no spare room for a change. C．The hotel’s business is now very good.D．She’s busy with her business right now. (★★) 8 .A．She’s flying to Hong Kong.B．She’s going to say goodbye to Bill. C．She’s going to buy an airplane ticket.D．She’s leaving for Hong Kong with Bill. (★★) 9 .A．Youngsters don’t really know what fashion is.B．People should care more about their appearance.C．It’s not sensible to go after brand-name clothing.D．Styles change more quickly than necessary nowadays.(★★) 10 .A．The woman dreams of becoming a critic someday.B．The woman is confident in the sales of her paintings.C．The man doubts that the woman’s paintings will sell well.D．The man is concerned about critics’ comments on the show.二、短文(★★★★) Questions are based on the following passage.11 .A．They use types of fuel that are not allowed on land.B．It takes more energy to move through water than over land.C．Their engines are not as powerful as those of other vehicles.D．They carry large numbers of passengers and vehicles as well.A．They are sometimes rude to other tourists.B．They don’t have meals in local restaurants.C．They fill up the restaurants and make noise.D．They complain when the city is too crowded.13 .A．A new way of travelling.B．Reasons to ban cruise ships.C．Measures against pollution.D．Problems caused by cruise ships.(★★★★) Questions are based on the following passage.14 .A．To use an app to order meals.B．To know how to use a GPS signal.C．To communicate with the robot properly.D．To pay extra money for the delivery.15 .A．It can move on its two feet at a very fast speed.B．It can identify the customers through its cameras.C．3G technology enables it to find the customers’ houses.D．It was built by a European online take-away food company.16 .A．The relationship between human and robot.B．The creative ways to use a robot.C．The world’s newest invention and technology.D．A self-driving food-delivery robot.三、长对话(★★★★) Questions are based on the following passage.17 .A．The approach to getting good scores.B．The effectiveness of cramming.C．The impact of a good night’s sleep on a test.D．The better way to prepare for a test.A．Join the woman in her study.B．Memorize everything on his notes.C．Entertain himself and have fun.D．Skip lunch and hurry to the cinema.19 .A．Organize a study group and quiz herself.B．Get involved in the revision without rest.C．Review the materials earnestly as scheduled.D．Focus on the chapters assigned by the teacher.20 .A．Hardworking and focused.B．Energetic but easily distracted.C．Score-oriented and efficient.D．Ambitious but readily discouraged.四、语法填空(★★) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet21 . (explode) onto the health scene —and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweeteners such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend22 . (restrict) dairy produ cts. The diet’s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese23 . the assumption that these products contain sugars.It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of 24 . (add) sugar a dayA．But you don’t need<u></u>25 . (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more thancutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger,26 . causes the storage of fatA．Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that<u></u>27 . (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be 28 . they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, 29 . the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is your friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little30 . (often), but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthyA．五、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文(★★) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.The United Nations’ series of “language days” are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguisticdiversity (语言多样性). Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 . of Guyu (古语), which honours Cangjie—the four-eyed 32 . figure who is traditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin (普通话) is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers. When most people think of “Chinese”, it is Mandarin that they are 33 . . But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country which is both very large and very,very old. Different regions are within the 34 . expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 . not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36 . classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 . by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may38 . .A 39 . feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (音高) in which syllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words 40 . different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable.六、完形填空(★★★★)When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has ____ for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to ____ science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?To understand how ____ shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible ____, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific ____ and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find ___ anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. ____ this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our ____ was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their ____. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall____ news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no ____ that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measuredby citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. ___, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat____ when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely ____ beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technology and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again ____ by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41 . A．remained B．awarded C．existed D．establishedA．remained B．awarded C．existed D．establishedA．remained B．awarded C．existed D．established42 . A．leave B．doubt C．question D．suspectA．leave B．doubt C．question D．suspectA．leave B．doubt C．question D．suspect43 . A．contribution B．recognition C．resolution D．promotion A．contribution B．recognition C．resolution D．promotionA．contribution B．recognition C．resolution D．promotion44 . A．indicator B．substance C．confirmation D．compliment A．indicator B．substance C．confirmation D．complimentA．indicator B．substance C．confirmation D．compliment45 . A．experiments B．innovation C．study D．grantsA．experiments B．innovation C．study D．grantsA．experiments B．innovation C．study D．grants46 .A．gender equality B．research prospectsC．innovation patterns D．government control47 . A．In line with B．Contrary to C．Compared with D．In case of A．In line with B．Contrary to C．Compared with D．In case ofA．In line with B．Contrary to C．Compared with D．In case of48 . A．concept B．outcome C．requirement D．approachA．concept B．outcome C．requirement D．approachA．concept B．outcome C．requirement D．approach49 . A．improvement B．quality C．accomplishment D．reputation A．improvement B．quality C．accomplishment D．reputationA．improvement B．quality C．accomplishment D．reputation50 . A．vague B．sudden C．good D．fundamentalA．vague B．sudden C．good D．fundamentalA．vague B．sudden C．good D．fundamental51 . A．description B．evidence C．document D．comparison A．description B．evidence C．document D．comparisonA．description B．evidence C．document D．comparison52 . A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Nevertheless A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．NeverthelessA．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Nevertheless53 . A．highlighted B．eliminated C．strengthened D．narrowed A．highlighted B．eliminated C．strengthened D．narrowedA．highlighted B．eliminated C．strengthened D．narrowed54 . A．dominates B．extends C．overtakes D．justifiesA．dominates B．extends C．overtakes D．justifiesA．dominates B．extends C．overtakes D．justifies55 . A．turned out B．taken on C．backed up D．held upA．turned out B．taken on C．backed up D．held upA．turned out B．taken on C．backed up D．held up七、阅读理解(★)“The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individualswho had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly dra wn to fiction.I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchil l’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biograph ies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number.56 . What is implied in the first paragraph?A．The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B．Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C．It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D．The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57 . What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to?A．good biographies B．stories of certain timesC．the volumes of The Last Lion D．the chapters of the British Empire58 . Which of the following statements is TRUE?A．The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B．The author can travel to another world in the evening.C．The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D．The author profits commercially by reading biographies.59 . What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A．To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B．To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C．To present great men’s history through biography reading.D．To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.(★)Use your domestic plan when you travel in over 100 countries for $10 a day. Add International Day Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail, send a text, or use data, you will be automatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period you can: • Use your domestic plan data to email, post on social media, translate languages and more. • Make unlimited calls to countries included in International Day Pass. • Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costs• If you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you don’t want to use your phone, turn off d ata roaming (漫游) to avoid being charged $10 accidentally. • Save data by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files.Note: INTERNATIONAL DAY PASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be remov ed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds (超过) 50% of your total talk, text, or data use for two months.60 . With the AT&T International Day Pass, ___________.A．one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a dayB．the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC．the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD．one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61 . According to the travel tips, which of the following is TRUE?A．Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B．$10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C．Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D．The Pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62 . Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&T International Day Pass?A．People who have settled abroad.B．People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C．People who have relatives in foreign countries.D．People who make frequent business trips abroad.(★★★★)Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and perf ormance,” he says.63 . According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A．The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B．The survival of predators and various marine animals.C．The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D．The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64 . Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A．Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B．Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C．The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D．Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65 . What can be inferred from the passage?A．Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B．Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C．Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D．Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66 . Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A．The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life B．Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC．The Survivability of Ocean Animals D．The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath八、七选五(★) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. 67 .We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force.68 . It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. 69 . By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? 70 . Despite the pressures that comes with their roles — including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death — police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.A．We believe it offers a way to receive support that is often lacking.B．The mentoring program was launched in 2013 in one of the police forces in England and Wales. C．Formal mentoring programs provide an opportunity to encourage the discussion of difficult and sensitive topics.D．However, what we are wondering is why mentoring has such great impact on mentors as well as mentees.E．Mentors heard their mentees’ accounts of anxiety and realized these feelings — which they also shared — were common.F．We know far less, however, about how mentoring might benefit mentors themselves.九、概要写作(★★) 71 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include h elping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌) behavior is more likely tocause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer b ullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________十、汉译英(★★) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 . 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展A．(progress)_________________________________73 . 只有那些学业表现优秀且个人素质高的学生，才会被授予奖学金A．(with)_________________________________74 . 你眼下所面临的问题是，如何尽快克服每天服用安眠药才能入睡的习惯A．(overcome)_________________________________75 . 令人欣慰的是，尽管他年轻时遭受巨大不幸，他对生活仍然乐观，心存善意，追求美好A．(optimistic)_________________________________十一、提纲类作文。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区徐行中学高三英语二模试题及答案
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区徐行中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet has revolutionized our lives to such an extent (程度) that for most people, the global network has become more than just a tool but rather an important aid in everyday life. More and more people go online as wireless networks have brought the Internet closer and closer: it’s on our mobile phones, in our cars and TV sets, in hospital surgery rooms and in fishing boats that battle the waves of the Atlantic.And this revolution has brought along with it a new way of shopping. Both big and small, e-business websites have flooded the Internet by the hundreds of thousands. Anything you can buy from a brick and mortar store (实体店) you can also buy online: from food and clothes to toys, no matter what you’re looking for, you’re bound to find the right online store with just a few clicks of the mouse. You can use the Internet to find new suppliers, post buying requests or search for products and services.This revolution has affected brick and mortar business owners greatly. And what was their reaction? They’ve opened online stores to go hand in hand with their conventional business.But do the big players have reasons to be afraid? Are we going to start seeing ghostly, deserted Walmarts (沃尔玛) across the country? Probably not in the near future but the day will come when most people will just stop shopping offline anymore. A trip to Walmart wastes time, burns gas.The recent advancements in mobile technology and the introduction of mobile phones with enhanced (提高的) web capabilities have even made some people order their groceries when they get out from work and have them delivered at their doorstep by the time they get home. And as “Time is money”, this practice is lifesaving for people whowork two jobs.Technology will continue to advance and e-business will follow closely in its footsteps. Everything will become easier and less time consuming, leaving us more time to enjoy the things that really matter in life: the ones we love, our friends and hobbies.1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The popularity of mobile phones.B. The great influence of the Internet.C. The importance of the Internet.D. The function of the global network.2. In response to the threat of online business, the brick-and-mortar store owners________.A. have stopped their traditional businessB. have started their dislike of the InternetC. have established their own websiteD. have opened their online stores3. What would be the best title for the passage?A. A New Way of Shopping.B. The Internet Revolution.C. What is the Reaction to Online Shopping?D. Is Online Shopping the Future of E-business?BCoke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a rather true andtested favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries. This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.. Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂). If you have a bunch of small rusty objects, put them in coke overnight and give them a goodscrubin the morning. Coke helps to break down the rust, making cleaning much easier. Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.. Like the previous item, the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke makes for an excellent window cleaner. This is especially useful for car windows. Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window, then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter from the sugar in the drink. As coke is fullof sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window glasses, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.. For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time, one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down. If you have been sprayed, stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke — wait for a few minutes, then wash yourself with a shower. Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for the price of one with this item!. Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom. The black is almost impossible to remove; this is caused by over-cooking. To remove the black and renew your pot, pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove on a low heat. After an hour or so, wash the pot as normal.4. What does the underlined word “scrub”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Start.B. Cleaning.C. Shake.D. Example.5. What is important while using coke to clean car windows?A. Use a dry cloth.B. Rub the window lightly.C. Don’t pour too much coke.D. Clean the sugary matter thoroughly.6. For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?A. To get rid of the black on the pot.B. To breakdown the rust,C. To remove smells.D. To clean windows.7. What type of writing is this text?A. An advertisement.B. A review.C. A news report.D. A practical guide.CDisease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they keep getting scarier.Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful, mosquito repellent ever developed, scientists are actively pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.In his lab atIowaStateUniversity, Dr. Joel Coats and his team have successfully tested these repellents against three species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides protection, and they are called “spatial” repellents, since they act through space. These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, and houses. The other group are the classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin, clothing or tents; collaborators at the USDA-ARSand BioGents have conducted testing with humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural repellents: They are fully biodegradable, with no ecological concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.8. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 1?A. The way mosquitoes spread disease.B. The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.C. The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.D. The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes.9. What is a disadvantage of DEET?A. It won’t be effective for long.B. It can’t be applied universally.C. It causes discomfort to the users.D. It greatly harms people’s health.10. What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?A. They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.B. They are mainly used in the open air.C. They are more effective on human skin.D. They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.11. What’s the author’s attitude to the new repellents?A. Subjective.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Disapproving.DIt’s become an accepted part of keeping up to date with extended family and friends, but if schoolchildren were in their parents’ shoes, the majority wouldn’t share posts of their sons and daughters online. Over 55% said they would not upload news about, or images of, their children to their social media feeds, according to survey of over 16,000 pupils by Votes for Schools.While some were concerned about being embarrassed or the longevity of content which could remain online indefinitely, others expressed concern about their personal data beingcompromised. One of the pupils surveyed said, “Although our parents mean well, sometimes theconsequenceof a post can be disastrous.”In response to thesurvey, children’s mental health charity Place2Be and law firm Mishcon de Reya have produced three films ahead of the Christmas holidays – the best period for parental oversharing.In one video, about safety online, 10-year-old Adavan said, “If you share anything with your family, you know who’s going to see it. But if you share it publicly, there are millions of people who can see your picture.”Joe Hancock, a security lead at Mishcon de Reya, encouraged parents to share wisely. “Simple steps, such as checking your privacy settings and asking others not to share content of your children on their accounts if they have not updated their privacy settings, are a good start. And, as we found out from the children during filming, having their permission is key,” he said.The study marks a shift away from the usual debate about teaching children to use the Internet safely. Sandra Davis, head of the law firm’s family department, said, “Children are the experts on the real and immediate impact of sharenting（晒娃）– the full extent of which we cannot know yet. We must ensure we listen to children and take their views into consideration now in order to avoid any unintendedconsequences further down the line.”12.What’s most pupils’ attitude towards sharing posts about children?A. Skeptical.B. Unconcerned.C. Tolerant.D. Unwilling.13.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?A. Summarize the previous paragraph.B. Provide some advice for parents.C. Predict the consequence of sharing posts.D. Give reasons for the result of the survey.14.What should parents first pay attention to according to Joe Hancock?A. Safety.B. Consequence.C. Wisdom.D. Health.15.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Parents should take children’s opinions into account.B. Parents should teach children to use the Internet safely.C. Children must make sure to listen to their parents.D. Children should avoid unintended consequences of sharenting.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
【区级联考】上海市嘉定区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题(原卷版)
嘉定区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量检测试卷高三英语 2018.12(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Classmates. B. Boss and secretary. C. Colleagues. D. Teacher and student.2.A.To have a barbecue with her family. B. To go for a ride around town.C. To go to the supermarket in John's car.D. To go shopping with the man.3.A.The woman should find a spare key . B. They should come downstairs.C. The woman should be more careful next time.D. They should think of a solution.4.A. To the man's studio . B. To the man's company.C. To the railway station.D. To the subway station.5.A.Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed D. Regretful.6. A. He isn't sure. B. He'll go by bus.C. He'll go by train.D. He'll go by plane.7.A.The concert is very impressive B. She regrets paying for the concert.C. Applause encourages the singer .D. Almost everyone loves pop music.8. A. The plane's departure time remains unknown. B. The plane will leave at 9:14.C. The man has gone to a wrong check-in counter.D. The man has just missed his flight.9.A.She wants to take more optional courses .B. She thinks the course is wonderful.C. She couldn't understand the professor's lecture.D. She doesn't think the course is useful.10.A.He eats too much when playing chess. B. Chess is his favorite game.C. He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to.D. He won't join the chess club.Section B (15分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.11.A. To run some classes. B. To organize meetingsC. To collect information.D. To grow their own food12.A. To plant these seeds in his garden. B. To get new fruits and vegetables.C. To exchange them with his friends.D. To encourage others to sell their seeds.13.A. The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills.B. People are increasingly concerned with environment and health.C. Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another .D. People got together in Washington D.C to discuss the environmental issues.Questions are based on the following passage.14.A. It is a busy, crowded and booming place. B. It is suffering from increasing crime.C. It is a peaceful, friendly and convenient town.D. It is clean and pretty, but a little bit poor.15.A. It might lower their wages. B. It will change their way of life.C. It might cost them their jobs.D. It will cause a fierce competition.16.A. She is going to compete in the Olympics. B. She is an experienced debater.C. She leads the fight against the Wal-Mart storeD. She works in the local coffee shop.Questions are based on the following passage.17.A. Keep comparing options with your family. B. Read product reviews every day.C. Telephone the local store for a discount.D. Make enough investigations.18.A. To take her time to avoid hasty purchaseB. To spend another year looking for a favorite carC. To go to the local car companies to make detailed investigationD. To make a careful comparison and choose an ideal car as soon as possible.19.A. He is careful but hesitant. B. He is changeable and hasty.C. He is decisive and confident.D. He is fashionable but envious.20.A. Everyone has his own way to make a purchase.B. One can't make a good purchase without reading product reviews.C. Few people can resist the temptation of ads of newly released product..D. Comparing options when purchasing helps save money in the long run.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, ____1____ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___2___ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea ___3___they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules ____4____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friend s’ names -- were set, by default(默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “___5___(satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model,___6___ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue ___7___ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator CharlesSchumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done ___8___ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering ___9___(cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that ___10___ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any ageNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预)for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be ___11___early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to ___12___ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner ___13___ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on ___14___ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were___15___ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is ___16___ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, ourfindings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for ___17___ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be ___18___ in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were ___19___ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for ____20____ child behavior problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ____21____ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ____22____ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.A new study further ____23____ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Research ers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ____24____ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ___25___ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket(蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ___26___ explanationOne possibility is that an individual practices ___27___ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ___28___ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ___29___ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ___30___ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of___31___ partn ers. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ___32___. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ___33___ appeared to be trueAnthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of th e time.” Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ___34___ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ___35___ expressed when individuals ar e alone with young.”21. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual22. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting23. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protests24. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident25. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual26. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official27. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance28. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining29. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from30. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes31. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous32. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge33. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite34. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty35. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlesslySection B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history. Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. Just as his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called "Germany's conscience", because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933-1945) that many would have rather forgotten.This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoirPeeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen-SS, the Nazi (纳粹) Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less-than-perfect record himself.Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.36. In The Tin Drum, the hero ________.A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the warB. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expectsC. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playingD. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred37. What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean?A. Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection.B. Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes.C. Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people.D. Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is.38. It can be inferred from the article that ________.A. Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood lifeB. critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of GermanyC. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspectiveD. no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record39. What is the author's purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.B. To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work.C. To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass.D. To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer.(B)Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it?Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle (摇摆) dance and the circle dance.Waggle danceThe waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive.A. DistanceThe dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the waggle run, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch.B. DirectionBees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How? Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun.Circle danceThe circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing a bout the flower patch’s location: that it is somewhere close to the hive.In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch.40. Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar?A. To inform them of the distance of the flower.B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar.C. To motivate them to collect the nectar.D. To ensure the bees find the right patch.41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances?A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance.B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch.C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is.D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance.42. If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees?A. B. C. D.( C )Earth’s geologic ages---time periods defined by evidence in rock layers----typically last more than three million years. We’re barely 11,500 years into the current age ,the Holocene. But a new paper argues that we’ve already entered a new one—the Anthropocene, or “new man”, age.The name isn’t brand-new. Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen, a co-author of the paper, coined it in 2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution. The paper, however , is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age.Recent human impacts have been so great that they’ll result in an obvious boundary (界限) in Earth’s rock layer, the author’s say. “We are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environment that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth,” said co-author Jan Zala, a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK. Even so, it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age.If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized , scientists will first have to identify and define a boundary line ,or marker, that’s set in stone. “The key thing is thinking abo ut how—thousands of years in the future---geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK.” It’s not as straightforward as you might think. The market has to be very precise, and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world,” said Haywood, who wasn’t involved in the new study.One candidate for the market is the distinctive radioactive signature left by atom bomb tests, which began in 1945. “The fallout (沉降) is basically across the world,” Haywood said. In a simila r way, scientists used traces of the element iridium (铱) left by shooting star strikes to help define the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods---the time of the great dinosaur extinctions.The push for a formal declaration of the Anthropocene age is about more than just scientific curiosity. Themove the scientists write in the last issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology, “might be used as encouragement to slow carbon emissions and biodiversity(生物多样性)loss” or “ as evidence on protection measures” Just as Haywood said, by underlining how much we're changing the environment, the formalization would be "a very powerful statement”.43. Which of the following is TRUE about the new paper?A. It denies the existence of the Holocene age.B. It documents the recent human impacts on earth.C. It pushes for the formalization of the Anthropocene age.D. It serves as a warning against the current mineral exploitation.44. Haywood's words in paragraph 4 indicate that___________________.A. the key to formalizing the new age is to find a deposit record set in stoneB. the marker has to appear in various places globally to be considered validC. finding a marker is a straightforward way to define the beginning of an ageD. future geologists may find it hard to recognize the markers we choose today45. What can you infer from the passage?A. The element iridium may work as a marker for the Anthropocene age.B. The Nobel Prize winner Crutzen invented the name Holocene in 2002.C. The formalization of the new age may send a message for eco-protection.D. Human activities have resulted from the change of boundaries in rock layers.46. What is the best title for the passage?A. Humans Are Destroying the Earth, Geologists WarnB. Too Early to Set Things in Stone, Authorities SayC. More Evidence Is Needed, Universities RequireD. A New Earth Age May Begin, Scientists ArgueSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa andwatch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. _____47_____However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. _____48_____.The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. ____49____Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."______50______There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.B. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.C What she did was really beyond our imagination.D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent.E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.IV. Summary Writing51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it.Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________V. Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。
上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)
2.3 水分子的变化第一课时水的分解【学习目标】1、通过分析水的电解的实验现象，了解产物的验证方法，明确化学变化是有条件的，且化学变化过程中伴随着能量变化。
2、结合具体的化学反应，认识分解反应并能正确判断反应类型。
3、通过对水的分解的微观分析，初步认识化学变化的实质，并建立宏观与微观相联系的思维方式，培养学生的化学微粒观。
【重点难点】重点：分析电解水的实验现象，通过实验结论得出化学变化的发生条件，并认识化学反应的微观实质。
难点：围观分析化学反应的实质，建立化学的微粒观。
【教学过程】回顾复习：水在加热蒸发和冷凝过程中，水分子的哪些方面发生了改变？生1:水分子获得能量，运动加快，分子间间隔增大，由液态→气态；生2：水分子失去能量，运动减慢，分子间间隔减小，由气态→液态。
师：在这两个反应中，水分子本身改变了吗？生：水分子本身没有改变，只是改变了分子间隔和排列方式。
师：现在，我们改变反应条件，给水通入直流电，水分子会发生什么改变？这就是我们今天要学习的内容。
问题导学一：水的电解1、请同学们思考以下问题：（1）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是什么？（2）仔细观察两只玻璃管内液面有何变化？（3）两个电极分别有何变化？它们之间有什么关系？2、观看实验的模拟动画：（1）介绍实验装置：水电解器、直流电源（电池）。
（2）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是增强水的导电性。
师：继续操作实验，逐步引导学生观察：生1：观察到两只玻璃管内液面均下降；生2：两个电极均有气泡产生，且与正极相连的电极气体体积与负极相连的电极气体体积比为1：2；师：两只玻璃管内液面下降后的空间为空白吗？生：不是，是电极上产生的气体。
师：那这些气体是不是水蒸气呢？化学小知识：在化学上，常根据某物质特意的变化现象来验证该物质。
氧气：带火星的木条检验，现象：带火星的木条复燃。
氢气：点燃的木条检验，现象：气体能燃烧，火焰呈淡蓝色。
师：现在我们就来验证这两个电极产生的气体究竟是不是水蒸气：操作一：用一根点燃的火柴接近液面下降较多的玻璃尖嘴处，慢慢打开活塞。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “___67___” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter month s. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.___68___ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ___69___ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “___70___”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.Keys: 67-70 FEACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.Keys: 67-70 EBDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problem Home delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals t hat are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Keys: 67-70 EFCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.___67___ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ___68___ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ___69___ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ___70___ When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate eq uipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.Keys: 67-70 FCABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ___67___Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ___68___ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s beca use the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ___69___Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said MarcoCastronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ___70___ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Keys: 67-70 FBDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for alicensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. 68 Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? ___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know w hat career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!Keys: 67-70 FBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Venice CarnivalThe annual Venice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______ The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,”marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.Keys: 67-70 BACEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Gettinglikes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___ with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.Keys: 67-70 EACFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ___69___ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Keys: 67-70 D BCEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway （舷梯）of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___67___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your he ad, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___68___ ”Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!”___69___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed, “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___70___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.Keys: 67-70 BCEDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. ___67___. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ___68___To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things. ___69___.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.___70___. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.Keys 67-70 FCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. ___67___Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. ___68____ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. ___69___ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, anddoing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. ___70___Keys: 67-70 DFABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ___67___ The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with“high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ___69___ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.___70___ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.Keys: 67-70 DFACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _____67_____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._____68_____ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _____69_____By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _____70_____ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles —including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区南苑中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区南苑中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest Online Bachelor's ProgramsAn online college degree may appeal to those who want to take lasses while working full time. Choosing where to sign up online will likely be challenging, but below you'll find advice and other resources to make your search easier.•ArizonaStateUniversityASU relies upon cutting-edge technology and world-class educators to offer degree programs that fit into any lifestyle. Its courses employ advanced technology, such as our virtual labs, adaptive learning and virtual community, to provide real-world experiences to prepare graduates for their chosen industry.ADMISSION: 15,321TUITION: S413•UniversityofIllinoisUI is a top-ranked, diverse research institution and an approved SARA institution. For UTs degree completion programs, students transfer with an associate degree or 57-60 credits. All of the online classes arc recorded so students can access lecture material at their convenience.ADMISSION: 385TUITION: S462•UniversityofFloridaUF Online is a fully-online degree pathway giving students access to the same teachers in UF. Courses arc designed and taught by UF's well-known teachers. Students feel connected, frequently communicating with teachers and their fellow students.ADMISSION: 3,340TUITION: $500•OhioStateUniversityThe courses of OSU online bachelor's programs are all related to health science. The online programs are flexible providing students with the knowledge to enter professional medical practice or prepare them for moreadvanced roles in their fields.ADMISSION: 542TUITION: 56421. What's special aboutArizonaStateUniversity?A. It is an approved SARA institution.B. It provides the most expensive programs.C. It offers some technology-assisted courses.D. It admits fewer students than other universities.2. Which university’s, online programs favor medical students?A.ArizonaStateUniversity.B.UniversityofIllinois.C.UniversityofFlorida.D.OhioStateUniversity.3. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To advertise free online programs.B. To call on people to sign up online.C. To introduce some best online programs.D. To provide access to the best universities.BAfter years of releasing e-readers that compete directly with Amazon’s Kindle, Rakuten Kobo’s latest device offers something totally different: theability to draw and write directly on the screen.With a large 10.3-inch E-ink display, the Kobo Elipsa looks more like an electronic clipboard than the standard paperpack-sized e-reader. Although the ability to write on the screen is no big deal — especially given its high price tag of $ 600 — the overall package is impressively functional.In terms of reading, the Elipsa packs just about everything you’d expect in a Kobo. You can purchase and download books from the store, read web articles you’ve saved online via Pocket, and connect to your local library to borrow e-books and magazines. It’s known that Kindle basically requires you to buy books from Amazon. Unlike Kindles, Kobos are pretty open with the formats they support; you can connect the Elipsa to a computer and transfer over any PDF books you have bought or downloaded from stores like Booktopia or Google Books.You can fill your virtual notepads with notes using brush and pen types, and export them as PDFs or images to a PC. There’s also an “advanced” notebook that can turn your writing into typed and editable text for exporting to Microsoft Word format. You can also write directly onto documents themselves, with all your word circling andunderlining saved as you go to review later. This is especially handy when it comes to PDFs, as changes you make are synced（同步）automatically when you have Wi-Fi, so you can move between your Elipsa, PC and phone and keep your notes.With all that said, we can see it really appealing to e-reader fans who also tend to do a lot of work on paper. If you ever print things out to mark them up, fill notepads with writing or drawing that you later have to transcribe or scan, or just wish you could write all over your library books, this could be the device for you.4. Which of the following best describes the Elipsa?A. Automatic.B. Traditional.C. Useful.D. Standard.5. How is a Kobo different from a Kindle in reading?A. A Kindle has a larger screen.B. A Kindle can support more formats.C. A Kobo supports books from various sources.D. A Kobo should be connected to local libraries.6. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Kobos?A Their function in syncing. B. Their function in typing.C. Their function in writing.D. Their function in reading.7. In which section of a newspaper can the text probably be found?A. Education.B. Technology.C. Lifestyle.D. Business.CThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.8. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.9. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.10. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.11. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.DOne-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services atRedcarCollege, was passing byQueen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.12. When did Tallulah get choked?A. While eating sweets.B. While enjoying a drama.C. While having a meal.D. While taking some medicine.13. Why did the family go out into the street?A. To buy some needed tools.B. To search for timely help.C. To get a breath of fresh air.D. To wait for the ambulance to arrive.14. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin?A. Brave and selfless.B. Kind and energetic.C. Determined and generous.D. Quick-thinking and helpful.15. What may be the best title for the text?A. First aid skill sounds important.B. Screaming for help makes sense.C. Eating sweets endangers baby girl.D. Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AExciting Adventure Options to Choose From!BIRD WALK(Any time of year)-Join us for a private bird walk through our sanctuary(保护区）。
The Bent's grasslands, trees and woods provide great habitat(栖息地）for birds moving from one place to another, such as Warblers, Vireos, Indigo Buntings, Thrushes, Orioles, and more. This walk will be made to the members in your party.Suitable for ages 5 and upProgram Fee:$150NATURE HIKE(Any time of year)-Take a private hike with Bent of the River! Your personal guide will show you notable habitats and wildlife around the center trails. Nature is exciting and always changing, so you never know what we will find along the way! This program is ideal for people who want to enjoy beautiful scenery while hiking.Suitable for ages 8 and upProgram Fee:$150POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION(June and July only)-Many fascinating creatures live in and around the Pomperaug River! During this recreational(休闲的)program, an Audubon naturalist will share the human and natural history of the river and teach you how to catch fish and animals. The Bent will supply you with necessary tools, such as nets, containers, and field guides. Once the animals are caught, we will observe and identify(确定身份)them and learn how they can help show the health of the river before we put them back to the wild.Suitable for ages 8 and upProgram Fee:$150OWL PROWL(January and February only)-Enjoy a special guided adventure in search of one of the most beloved groups of birds-owls(猫头鹰）！We will be prowling for owls on awalk through the grassland and forests in hopes of seeing one of the three owl species known to live in Connecticut: the Great-horned Owl, Barred Owl, or Eastern Screech-Owl.Evening eventSuitable for ages 10 and upProgram Fee:$2251.Which of the programs is suitable for the Browns with a girl of five years old?A.BIRD WALK.B.NATURE HIKE.C.POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION.D.OWL PROWL.2.What will you do with the fish you catch in POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION?A.Find out their health.B.Do a scientific research.C.Cook them as food on the table.D.Set them free back to the river.3.Whom is this text written for?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Scientists.D.Adventurers.BIf you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.""With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living withhumans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.4. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other5. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.7. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?A. EntertainmentB. EconomyC. ScienceD. NatureCMy family and I never talked about school as the ticket to a future. I was in theclassroom, but I wasn't there to learn to write, read or even speak. When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide. I was 13 years old, but I already hated being who I was.I had an English teacher, Mr.Creech, who knew I couldn't read. In one of my first lessons the teacher said that anyone who had a reading age below six had to stand up. I felt so embarrassed. But at the same time, it made me realize that I needed to change the situation. I was determined it wouldn't happen again. Later that day, Mr.Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read. From then on, I never gave up practicing reading.Then when I was 41 years old, one day, I planned to fly back toTexasto visit my friends and family. On my way from the airport, I saw Mr.Creech buying himself a drink. I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him. “Do I know you？” he asked. “Yes, sir, you do know me，” I answered excitedly. “My name is Anthony Hamilton.You taught me English.” The look on his face told me that he remembered the boy he'd once encouraged.“I'm so glad I had a chance to see you，” I said. “And Mr.Creech, I have great news to share.” I told him I had learned to read. But that wasn't all. I had become a published author and an active speaker. “The next time you get another Anthony Hamilton in your classroom, please encourage him to read as well，” I added.The experts say what once worried me has a name：dyslexia(诵读困难). But I can tell you it was a lack of desire for education.8. Why did the author want to hide?A. Because he felt sorry for himself.B. Because he hated being laughed at.C. Because he couldn't read at all.D. Because he didn't have a ticket.9. Which of the following could best describe Mr.Creech?A. Considerate and dutiful.B. thoughtful and enthusiastic.C. Emotional and devoted.D. Friendly and wise.10. Why couldn't the author read before meeting Mr.Creech?A. Because his reading age was not long enough.B. Because his parents didn't teach him how to read.C. Because he was afraid of reading before the class.D. Because he didn't have inner driving force to learn to read.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. Mr.Creech taught two students called Anthony Hamilton.B. The author had become a published author and an active speaker.C. Dyslexia was just the reason that made the author unable to read.D. The author was grateful to Mr.Creech.DIt might have been Jimmy Kimmel, or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV. In this instance, it was Samantha Bee, stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously. “Who are you going to believe?” she asked. “Leading authorities on medical science, or 800 comments on your cousin’s Facebook page?”Joking about science can have serious effects, according to studies by communication scholars. Accordingly, since 2013, Paul, a psychological professor, has conducted studies of how satire (讥讽) can influence people’s beliefs about science, which have shown that if you want to interest people in science and shape their views onhot-button science issues, satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science. Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet, because mainstream media outlets devote so little airtime to the subject. On top of that, some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read — well, National Geographic. Millions of people watch late-night television programs live, and videos of these shows get millions of views on streaming services. In 2016, a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists. More often, however, the hosts promote a positive image of science. By making science entertaining to audience with little knowledge of the topic, late-night television could spark science engagement. Furthermore, the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers, thus helping to narrow a gap in attention to science. Though late-night satirical humor can boost science interest and awareness, it has its limits. Science is complex, and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.12. What does Paul’s studies of joking about science indicate?A. It may do serious damage to science.B. It can effectively popularize science.C. It totally changes people’s attitude to science.D. It will shift people’s attention from entertainment to science.13. Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A. Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B. Because science is not easy to come up with.C. Because they find no interest in science issues.D. Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.14. What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A. The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B. The hosts’ aim is to build a positive image of science.C. Education gap can be bridged through late-night shows.D. Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.15. What’s the author’s attitude towards combining science with satire?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Positive.D. Negative.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。