托福阅读分数对照表
托福阅读评分标准解析
托福阅读评分标准解析托福阅读评分标准解析, 备考前先了解评分规则,今天给大家带来了托福阅读评分标准解析，希望能够帮助到到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
一.托福阅读评分标准新托福阅读每篇题量为12-14题，每篇阅读除了最后一道题为2分外，其余题目分值都是1分，所以托福阅读总的原始分值为45分。
所以。
同学们如果在考试中因为时间问题迫不得已要舍弃一道题目时，尽量不要舍弃小结题。
一般情况下，这类题目是多选题，6个中选择3个，选错一个扣一分，错2个或3个不得分。
具体的评分标准如下表：如果阅读遇到加试，也有可能会影响阅读成绩。
那么阅读加试是如何影响阅读成绩的呢?考试中只有一部分考生会遇到阅读加试，没有遇到加试的考试成绩不会有变动，按照上述评分标准来评分。
但是参加加试的考生成绩可能会因为加试题目的情况，成绩产生一些变动，具体细则如下：(1)如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。
给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得不好的学生。
(2)如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。
给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
(3)如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数则不需要调整了。
之所以分数有波动是因为ETS为了在考生水平有波动的情况下，仍然能够给予考生一个相对较为公平的分数怎么样排除托福阅读的错误选项.托福阅读中的题目类型比较丰富，其中一种托福阅读题型要求大家排掉错误的选项，那么面对这种托福阅读题该怎么办呢?下面就来看看看具体方法。
排除题这种托福阅读题型很好辨认，每篇阅读0-2题，比较简单，一般就是在题干中会出现一个大写的单词EXCEPT、NOT、LESS。
这是特别不受我们中国同学待见的一种题，因为从逻辑思维的角度上来说，要想从四个选项中把错误的那一个给找出来，我们要在大脑中对于四个选项的内容和原文进行四次匹配，才能完成一道这样的托福阅读题目。
托福阅读分数换算表及阅读常考题型总结
托福阅读分数换算表及阅读常考题型总结托福小白可能对于托福考试的评分有很多疑问，比如阅读的题量和分数是如何换算的?阅读每篇14道题，一共考3篇，如果遇到加试，可能会考4-5篇阅读，加试题目不计入总分。
跟小编一起来看看托福阅读分数换算表和托福阅读常考的题型托福阅读分数换算表及阅读常考题型总结一.托福阅读分数换算表除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分，考试所得分数范围：0-30分。
大家在算出原始分数以后，将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。
以下是托福阅读评分标准中原始分数与最终分数的对照表：二.托福阅读常考题型托福阅读题型共分为10种：1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)3. Inference questions(推论题)4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)6. Reference questions(指代题)7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)托福阅读TPO30第3篇:The Invention of the Mechanical Clock 【1】In Europe, before the introduction of the mechanical clock, people told time by sun (using, for example, shadow sticks or sun dials) and water clocks. Sun clocks worked, of course, only on clear days; water clocks misbehaved when the temperature fell toward freezing, to say nothing of long-run drift as the result of sedimentation and clogging. Both these devices worked well in sunny climates; but in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night.【2】Medieval Europe gave new importance to reliable time. The Catholic Church had its seven daily prayers, one of which was at night, requiring an alarm arrangement to waken monks before dawn. And then the new cities and towns, squeezed by their walls, had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space. They set a time to go to sleep. All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife. Society needed a more dependable instrument of time measurement and found it in the mechanical clock.【3】We do not know who invented this machine, or where.It seems to have appeared in Italy and England (perhaps simultaneous invention) between 1275 and 1300. Once known, it spread rapidly, driving out water clocks but not solar dials, which were needed to check the new machines against the timekeeper of last resort. These early versions were rudimentary, inaccurate, and prone to breakdown.【4】Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature’s time. Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons. But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century. From the start, however, the towns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installed in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipal authority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils of war; tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics.【5】The clock was the greatest achievement of medieval mechanical ingenuity. Its general accuracy could be checked against easily observed phenomena, like the rising and setting of the sun. The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. At every stage, clockmakers led the way to accuracy and precision; they became masters of miniaturization, detectors and correctors of error, searchers for new and better. They werethus the pioneers of mechanical engineering and served as examples and teachers to other branches of engineering.【6】The clock brought order and control, both collective and personal. Its public display and private possession laid the basis for temporal autonomy: people could now coordinate comings and goings without dictation from above. The clock provided the punctuation marks for group activity, while enabling individuals to order their own work (and that of others) so as to enhance productivity. Indeed, the very notion of productivity is a by-product of the clock: once one can relate performance to uniform time units, work is never the same. One moves from the task-oriented time consciousness of the peasant (working on job after another, as time and light permit) and the time-filling busyness of the domestic servant (who always had something to do) to an effort to maximize product per unit of time.托福阅读TPO30试题第3篇:The Invention of the Mechanical Clock1.Why does the author provide the information that "in northern Europe the sun may be hidden by clouds for weeks at a time, while temperatures vary not only seasonally but from day to night"?A.To emphasize the variety of environments in which people used sun and water clocks to tell time.B.To illustrate the disadvantage of sun and water clocks.C.To provide an example of an area where water clocks have an advantage over sun clocks.D.To counter the claim that sun and water clocks were used all over Europe.2.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are examplesof the importance of timekeeping to medieval European society EXCEPTA.the need of different towns to coordinate timekeeping with each other.B.the setting of specific times for the opening and closing of markets.C.the setting of specific time for the start and finish of the working day.D.the regulation of the performance of daily church rituals.3.According to paragraph 2, why did the medieval church need an alarm arrangement?A.The alarm warned the monks of discord or strife in the town.B.The church was responsible for regulating working hours and market hours.C.The alarm was needed in case fires were not put out each night.D.One of the church's daily rituals occurred during the night.4.The word "authoritative" in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toA.actual.B.important.C.official.D.effective.5.The author uses the phrase "the timekeeper of last resort" to refer toA.water clocks.B.the sun.C.mechanical clocks.D.the church.6.The word "rudimentary" in the passage(paragraph 3)is closest in meaning toA.rare.B.small.C.impractical.D.basic.7.According to paragraph 4, how did the Catholic Church react to the introduction of mechanical clocks?A.Its used mechanical clocks through the period of urban collapse.B.It used clocks to better understand natural phenomena, like equinoxes.C.It tried to preserve its own method of keeping time, which was different from mechanical-clock time.D.It used mechanical clocks to challenge secular, town authorities.8.The word "installed" in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning toA.required.B.expected by the majority of people.C.standardized.D.put in place.9.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that medieval clockmakersA.were able to continually make improvements in the accuracy of mechanical clocks.B.were sometimes not well respected by other engineers.C.sometimes made claims about the accuracy of mechanical clocks that were not true.D.rarely shared their expertise with other engineers.10.Paragraph 5 answers which of the following questions about mechanical clocks.A.How did early mechanical clocks work?B.Why did the design of mechanical clocks affect engineering in general?C.How were mechanical clocks made?D.What influenced the design of the first mechanical clock?11.The word "pioneers" in the passage isclosest in meaning toA.leaders.B.opponents.C.employers.D.guardians.12.According to paragraph 6, how did the mechanical clock affect labor?A.It encouraged workers to do more time-filling busywork.B.It enabled workers to be more task oriented.C.It pushed workers to work more hours every day.D.It led to a focus on productivity.13. Look at the four squares[■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual.Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome,church time was nature's time.■【A】Day and night were divided into the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours were unequal;and then of course the length of these hours varied withthe seasons.■【B】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning.■【C】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about acentury.■【D】From the start, however, the towns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installed in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipal authority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils of war;tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The introduction of the mechanical clock caused important changes to the society of medieval Europe.A.The increasing complexity of social and economic activity in medieval Europe led to the need for a more dependable means of keeping time than sun and water clocks provided.B.Because they were unreliable even in sunny climates, sun clocks and water clocks were rarely used in Europe, even before the invention of the mechanical clock.C.Before the mechanical clock, every city wanted a large number of timekeepers because more timekeepers allowed for better organization of collective activities.D.Soon after the invention of mechanical clocks, sun and water clocks became obsolete because mechanical clocks werefar more accurate.E.Predators help maintain biological diversity by limiting populations of a dominant competitor species, thereby preventing that species from excluding others.F.The removal of sea stars reduces the diversity of the community in which they are predators, and is therefore a bad idea.托福阅读TPO30答案第3篇:The Invention of the Mechanical Clock1.从第一段的第二句开始，原文列举了这两种device各种的缺点，最后一句前半句说它们work，后面but表转折，证明要说有些情况它们不能用。
新托福评分标准与评分对照表
新托福评分标准与评分对照表新托福评分标准根据以下四个维度进行评分：1.说话表达能力（Speaking）- 流畅性（Fluency）：语速和停顿的适当性、连接词的运用等。
- 语法语义（Grammar and Vocabulary）：语法正确性、词汇使用、语境理解等。
- 发音（Pronunciation）：语音准确性、重音、语调等。
2.听力理解能力（Listening）- 理解细节（Understanding details）：能否准确地理解听力材料中的具体细节。
- 理解观点和逻辑（Understanding main ideas and logical relationships）：能否理解听力材料中的主要观点和逻辑关系。
- 理解目的和态度（Understanding purpose and attitude）：能否理解听力材料中演讲者的目的和态度。
3.阅读理解能力（Reading）- 理解细节（Understanding details）：能否准确地理解文章中的具体细节。
- 理解主旨和结构（Understanding main ideas and organization）：能否理解文章的主旨和结构。
- 推理和判断（Inference and judgment）：能否根据文章中的信息进行推理和判断。
4.写作能力（Writing）- 内容与关联（Content and coherence）：能否合理地组织和表达观点，并与给定的话题和任务相关联。
- 逻辑发展（Organization and development）：能否使用适当的句子结构和段落结构，展开和发展论点。
- 语法语义（Grammar and vocabulary）：语法正确性、词汇使用、语境理解等。
- 发音与拼写（Pronunciation and spelling）：语音准确性、拼写正确性等。
评分对照表如下（以满分30分为例）：- 26-30分：能流利、精确地表达自己的观点，语法语义准确，发音清晰。
托福阅读评分标准解析之备考前先了解评分规则
托福阅读评分标准解析之备考前先了解评分规则托福阅读评分标准解析, 备考前先了解评分规则,今天给大家带来了托福阅读评分标准解析 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
一.托福阅读评分标准新托福阅读每篇题量为12-14题，每篇阅读除了最后一道题为2分外，其余题目分值都是1分，所以托福阅读总的原始分值为45分。
所以。
同学们如果在考试中因为时间问题迫不得已要舍弃一道题目时，尽量不要舍弃小结题。
一般情况下，这类题目是多选题，6个中选择3个，选错一个扣一分，错2个或3个不得分。
具体的评分标准如下表：二.托福阅读加试也会影响成绩如果阅读遇到加试，也有可能会影响阅读成绩。
那么阅读加试是如何影响阅读成绩的呢?考试中只有一部分考生会遇到阅读加试，没有遇到加试的考试成绩不会有变动，按照上述评分标准来评分。
但是参加加试的考生成绩可能会因为加试题目的情况，成绩产生一些变动，具体细则如下：(1)如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。
给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得不好的学生。
(2)如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。
给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
(3)如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数则不需要调整了。
之所以分数有波动是因为ETS为了在考生水平有波动的情况下，仍然能够给予考生一个相对较为公平的分数。
The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials (sugar, tobao, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)mercantile /'m??k(?)nta?l/ adj. 贸易的，商业的exceptional /?k's?p??nl/ adj. 异常的，杰出的，突出的我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobao, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)分析：修饰一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语中文：在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语中文：有杰出的成果修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语中文：因为和德国以及中欧的贸易修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料参考翻译：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在发展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最后他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并因为和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了杰出的成果。
2023年新托福阅读评分标准
2023年新托福阅读的评分标准如下：
1. 托福阅读共3篇文章，每篇文章10题，最后一题为主旨大题，共30题。
每题答对得1分，主旨题答对得2分，满分为30分。
2. 要取得满分，考生需要对文章内容和结构有很强的理解力，能熟练运用
各种阅读策略。
3. 27-30分的考生阅读能力出众，词汇量大，能轻松处理各类文章。
他们能快速抓住文章要点，理解隐含信息，并进行高级推理。
这类考生阅读速度快，能熟练运用阅读策略，是高分群体。
4. 根据新东方教育集团推算的2023托福阅读评分对照表可知，20题满分对应的原始分是22分。
若要取得满分30分，考生不能错任何一题。
若错1题，成绩就直接掉到29分，继续错题分数递减幅度更大。
这说明新版托福阅读的容错率大
幅下降，从之前的错3题依然可取满分，降低到现在的零容错。
5. 4分以内错误可取得24分以上，从评分对照表中可知，要取得24分以上，允许的错误题数在4分以内，也就是说最多只能错2道题。
请注意，新托福的评分标准可能因考试机构和地区而有所不同。
建议考生在
考试前仔细阅读考试说明和要求，了解具体的评分标准和要求。
托福阅读评分标准解析
托福阅读评分标准解析托福阅读评分标准解析, 备考前先了解评分规那么,今天给大家带来了托福阅读评分标准解析，希望能够帮助到到大家，下面就和大家提供，来欣赏一下吧。
一.托福阅读评分标准新托福阅读每篇题量为12-14题，每篇阅读除了最后一道题为2分外，其余题目分值都是1分，所以托福阅读总的原始分值为45分。
所以。
同学们如果在考试中因为时间问题迫不得已要舍弃一道题目时，尽量不要舍弃小结题。
一般情况下，这类题目是多项选择题，6个中选择3个，选错一个扣一分，错2个或3个不得分。
具体的评分标准如下表：如果阅读遇到加试，也有可能会影响阅读成绩。
那么阅读加试是如何影响阅读成绩的呢?考试中只有一局部考生会遇到阅读加试，没有遇到加试的考试成绩不会有变动，按照上述评分标准来评分。
但是参加加试的考生成绩可能会因为加试题目的情况，成绩产生一些变动，具体细那么如下：(1)如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。
给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得学生。
(2)如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。
给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
(3)如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数那么不需要调整了。
之所以分数有波动是因为ETS为了在考生水平有波动的情况下，仍然能够给予考生一个相对较为公平的分数怎么样排除托福阅读的错误选项.托福阅读中的题目类型比拟丰富，其中一种托福阅读题型要求大家排掉错误的选项，那么面对这种托福阅读题该怎么办呢?下面就来看看看具体方法。
排除题这种托福阅读题型很好识别，每篇阅读0-2题，比拟简单，一般就是在题干中会出现一个大写的单词EXCEPT、NOT、LESS。
这是特别不受我们中国同学待见的一种题，因为从逻辑思维的角度上来说，要想从四个选项中把错误的那一个给找出来，我们要在大脑中对于四个选项的内容和原文进行四次匹配，才能完成一道这样的托福阅读题目。
托福阅读评分标准解析之备考前先了解评分规则
托福阅读评分标准解析之备考前先了解评分规那么托福阅读评分标准解析, 备考前先了解评分规那么,今天给大家带来了托福阅读评分标准解析 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家提供，来欣赏一下吧。
一.托福阅读评分标准新托福阅读每篇题量为12-14题，每篇阅读除了最后一道题为2分外，其余题目分值都是1分，所以托福阅读总的原始分值为45分。
所以。
同学们如果在考试中因为时间问题迫不得已要舍弃一道题目时，尽量不要舍弃小结题。
一般情况下，这类题目是多项选择题，6个中选择3个，选错一个扣一分，错2个或3个不得分。
具体的评分标准如下表：二.托福阅读加试也会影响成绩如果阅读遇到加试，也有可能会影响阅读成绩。
那么阅读加试是如何影响阅读成绩的呢?考试中只有一局部考生会遇到阅读加试，没有遇到加试的考试成绩不会有变动，按照上述评分标准来评分。
但是参加加试的考生成绩可能会因为加试题目的情况，成绩产生一些变动，具体细那么如下：(1)如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。
给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得学生。
(2)如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比拟多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。
给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
(3)如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数那么不需要调整了。
之所以分数有波动是因为ETS为了在考生水平有波动的情况下，仍然能够给予考生一个相对较为公平的分数。
The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobao, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)mercantile /'m??k(?)nta?l/ adj. 贸易的，商业的exceptional /?k's?p??nl/ adj. 异常的，出色的，突出的我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships):eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobao, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)分析：修饰一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语中文：在开展适合蒸汽船的好港口修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语中文：有出色的成果修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语中文：因为和德国以及中欧的贸易修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料参考翻译：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在开展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最后他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并因为和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了出色的成果。
新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧
新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧新托福阅读相比较老托福阅读增加了词汇量，难度也增加了一些，对于考生们来说正确的复习计划和方法可以让备考变得事半功倍。
首先第一步便是要了解新托福阅读分数换算，学识网今天给大家带来了新托福阅读分数对照表以及一些复习的技巧，一起来看下吧新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧托福阅读总共有3篇文章如遇到加试，则随机3篇文章算分，另1篇文章不算分。
每篇文章700个字，对应14道题目。
其中，13道题是基础信息和推断题，每道题1分。
最后一道题是小结题，俗称大题，满分2分。
大题一般情况下是6选3，3个选项错一个扣一分，扣完为止，即在答题中错2或3个选项，这个题目不得分。
因此，每篇文章对应14个题目，共15分。
为了让大家了解iBT考试的思路和方法，以及题型的设计。
学识网总结出了一些新托福阅读出题的基本思路，和10种基本题型，以及应对10种题型的技巧。
原始分值最终得分原始分值最终得分原始分值最终得分16610要点：an academic environment---越来越偏向于学术的讨论，越来越像IELTS 的Academic类考试reading---a variety of different subjectspassages---3 different categories based on author purpose:1. E某position2. Argumentation3. Historical你需要了解general organization of the passage_classification_comparison/contrast_cause/effect_problem/solution每篇阅读的平均字数是700，当然根据考试的实际情况，可多可少iBT的阅读有10种题型，下面我们一种一种的来回顾：经验：第1、5种题型，占的分量最多，难度也不大，要保证一个也不错第9种和第10种题目，难度最大，想取得高分，必须要多做综合练习剩下的题型也很重要，想取得高分，一个都不能少1. Factual Information Questions这样的题目，一般来说mentioned only in part of the passage. 答题的信息就在段落的1，2句话中。
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常常有考友询问，为什么托福阅读明明有42个题，总分却只有30分，分数如何计算的呢？其实，每每看到这种问题，小编的内心是疼痛的。
大家准备一个考试，却不看考试指导手册，考得不太理想，简直太正常了。
就算天生神勇，也应该有个作战纲领呀！
打开OG，第一部分就是托福阅读的介绍，编者首先给出了评分标准的表格。
紧接着给出了各类题型的题型解析，这些就是托福阅读的考察内容，众位考友一定要反复研究，在准备考试时，下意识的按照出题者的思路去解题。
那么托福阅读有些什么考察类型？应该怎么解题？
在iBT阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。
即题目是原文的意译。
这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。
即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。
准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。
1、词汇题
解题方法：若认识，直接解题，没得说；若不认识，就只能推断了。
但是备考阶段最重要的一点。
背单词！首先，考托福没有一定的词汇量等于直接酱油了，所以词汇量是一切的基础。
2、指代题
考点：句子直接词之间的关系
解题方法：
（1）代词
a. 从句的主语指代主句的主宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义)
b. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系)
c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则)
d. some 和 others
（2）名词
a. 优先选择题干的上下意词
m is a kind of M, M是m的上意词
b. 若上下意词不唯一则当作代词指代处理
注意:
a.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现
b. 从句开头往后找答案
c. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致
d. 指代的传递现象
3、句子简化题
解题方法：
（1）确定题干句子中的逻辑成分
逻辑成分主要包括：关联词，动词，状语
而托福最爱考的逻辑主要是：因果，比较、最高级，否定
（2）确定与逻辑相关的语义
要依据最简化原则，抓句子中的逻辑要素。
因果的逻辑要素是：原因结果
比较的逻辑要素是：比较三要素
最高级
否定的逻辑要素是：作用对象
（3）选择与题干逻辑语义一致的选项
先主后次，从逻辑到语义（千万要保证逻辑正确）
很多时候，光凭逻辑关系，就能选出正确选项。
越复杂越长的句子，更需要很快地抓住句内的逻辑关系。
然后快速看选项，找出逻辑一致的选项。
4、句子插入题。