19-20学年人教版高中英语必修5习题：unit2 Section Ⅴ 英美文化欣赏【含答案】

【导读】我们都知道不同的民族往往待人的礼节各不相同。

阅读下面选取的有关礼貌的节选，对比中英两国待人接物方面的异同。

English Manners British people are quite reserved when greeting one another.
Greeting can be a “Hello”“Hi”or “Good morning”，when you arrive at work or at school.
You may also be called many different affectionate names，according to which part of Britain you are in.
Do not be offended，this is quite normal.
For example，you may be called dear，dearie，flower，love，chick，chuck，duckie，guv，son，ma'am，madam，miss，or sir，according to your sex and age.
The standard greet ing “How do you do” and the reply “How do you do” signal the end of the ritual.
Foreigners who assume that “How do you do”comes with a built­in question mark and respond accordingly become socially isolated.
The English do shake hands with each other，but as little as possible.
With acquaintances once in a lifetime is often considered enough.
The preferred English handshake is a brief，vigorous affair with no hint of lingering.
Most Englishmen never hug or kiss other men.They leave that to football players and foreigners.
Women may kiss on one or both cheeks; if they do，the kisser makes a kissing gesture with appropriate sound effects.
Men may also kiss women in greeting，but only on the cheek.
In public places，the English make great efforts not to touch strangers even by accident.
If such an accident should occur，apologies are fulsome but should never be used as an excuse for further conversation.
On crowded public transport where it is sometimes unavoidable，physical contact with a stranger is permitted，but in such circumstances，eye contact should be avoided at all costs.
The English like to form orderly queues (standing in line) and wait patiently for their turn.“Queue jumping” is frowned upon.
The queue is one of the few places where the English are allowed to talk to each other without having been formally introduced.The others are when taking the dog for a walk.
In Britain if you accidentally bump into someone，say “sorry”．They probably will too，even if it was your fault! This is a habit and can be seen as very amusing by an “outsider”．
Women in Britain are entitled to equal respect and status with men in all areas of life and tend to have more independence and responsibility than in some other cultures.
It is usual for women to go out and about on their own and to travel widely.It is OK for women to eat alone in a restaurant.It is ok for women to drink beer.
When being entertained at someone's home it is nice to take a gift for the host and hostess.A bottle of wine，bunch of flowers or chocolates are all acceptable.
英国人的礼貌
英国人在相互打招呼的时候都很保守。

当你上班或者上学的时候，你可以跟遇到的人说：“你好”，“嗨”或者“早上好”。

在英国不同地方，你可以用不同充满深情的问候语。

不用觉得被冒犯了，其实这十分正常。

比如，依据性别和年龄，你可能被称呼为亲爱的，可爱的小宝贝，花(美人)，爱人，少妇，咯咯(小可爱)，小鸭子(小宝贝)，老爸，儿子，妈妈，女士，小姐或者先生。

标准的问候是以“你好”开始，又以“你好”结束。

那些把“你好”看作回应别人问候的标准答案的外国人，他们会变得孤立。

英国人会和对方握手，但是时间尽可能的短。

与熟人握手一生一次就足够了。

首选的握手是一种简洁有力的问候方式，并没有其他含义。

大多数英国人从不以拥抱和接吻这种方式来打招呼。

他们认为只有足球运动员和外国人才会那样。

女人可能会亲吻对方的一个或者两个脸颊，亲吻的人会做一个吻的动作然后发出相应的声音。

男人也会在打招呼的时候亲吻女人，但是也只会亲吻脸颊。

在公共场合，英国人都会尽力避免和陌生人接触，即使接触是个意外。

如果这样的意外发生了，不必过分道歉，但决不能借此便交谈起来。

在拥挤的公交交通工具上，有时候难免有接触，与陌生人有肢体接触是允许的。

但在这种情况下，无论如何要避免眼神的接触。

英国人喜欢很有秩序地排队，然后耐心等待轮到自己的那一刻。

有谁插队，其他人都会对他/她皱眉。

排队时是英国人可以不经正式介绍就互相交谈的几种场合之一，此外还有如遛狗的时候。

在英国，如果你不小心撞到某个人，说声“对不起”。

对方很可能也会说“对不起”，即使不是他们的错！这是一个习惯，在外人看来很好玩。

和其他国家文化不同的是，在英国，女性和男性受到同等的尊重，可能女性会更加独立和有责任感。

女性独自外出游玩是很常见的事，比如女人独自在饭馆里吃饭，女人喝啤酒。

当受邀前去别人家里的时候，最好能够给主人和女主人带份礼物。

一瓶酒、一束花或者巧克力都是不错的选择。

[知识积累]
1．reserved adj.说话不多的，不苟言笑的；矜持的
2．affectionate adj. 慈爱的，充满深情的
3．dearie n. 可爱的小宝贝，亲亲
4．acquaintance n. 相识的人，熟人
5．fulsome adj. 过分恭维的
6．bump into 撞上
[文化链接]
讲究的英国人
英国人往往以貌取人，仪容态度尤须注意。

英国人讲究穿戴，只要一出家门，就得衣冠楚楚。

虽然英国人已无昔日的雄风，可是自负心特别强。

中、上层的人士由于过着舒适的生活，因此，养成了一种传统的“绅士”、“淑女”风度。

但他们守旧，一般都热衷于墨守成规，矜持庄重。