毕业设计---振动筛外文翻译
振动筛-毕业设计说明书
本科毕业设计说明书2ZD1556型自定中心园振动筛设计2ZD1556 CIRCULAR MOTION VIBRATION SIEVEOF AUTO CENTER2ZD1556自定中心园振动筛摘要振动筛是选煤厂用的最多的设备之一，主要用于煤的准备筛分以及最终筛分用，但是振动筛又是维修量比较大的设备。
随着设计的逐渐完善，自定中心园振动筛能够很好的解决这一问题。
本文主要介绍振动筛在选煤厂中的意义以及振动筛的发展现状，描述了本次设计2ZD1556型自定中心园振动筛设计的计算方法依据和步骤.包括振动筛的分类与特点和设计方案的确定；对物料的运动分析，对振动筛的动力学分析及动力学参数的计算，合理设计振动筛的结构尺寸；进行了激振器的偏心块等设计与计算，包括原始的设计参数，电动机的设计与校核；进行了主要零部件的设计与计算，皮带的设计计算与校核，弹簧的设计计算，轴的强度计算，轴承的选择与计算，然后进行了设备维修、安装、润滑及密封的设计关键词：2ZD1556,振动筛，自定中心，设计依据2ZD1556 CIRCULAR MOTION VIBRATION SIEVEOF AUTO CENTERABSTRACTVibration sieve is one of the most widely used devices in Coal Preparation Plant.Mainly used in coal preparation and the final screening with screening,But the vibrating screen is larger than the maintenance of equipment. With the gradual improvement of the design ，circular motion vibration sieve of auto center could well solve this problem. This article mainly introduced that vibration sieve in Coal Preparation Plant significance as well as vibration sieve development present situation, described this time has designed 2zd1556 circular motion vibration sieve of auto center design computational method basis and the step, as well as the main vibration sieve part's choice and the comparison, and showed this design characteristic.Including the classification and characteristics of vibrating screen and determination of design; on the movement of materials analysis, Dynamic analysis of vibration sieve and kinetic parameters calculated, rational design of the structure vibrating screen size; carried out such eccentric Vibrator design and calculation, including the original design parameters, motor design and verification; were the main components of the design and calculation, calculation and check of belt design, spring design calculation, shaft strength calculation, bearing selection and calculation , then the equipment maintenance, installation, lubrication and seal design.KEYWARDS：2ZD1556，vibration sieve，auto center，design basis目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)1绪论 (1)1.1 筛分的概念 (1)1.2 筛分设备的作用 (1)1.3 筛分作业的分类 (1)1.4 筛分机械设计的意义 (2)1.5振动筛设计的原则 (3)1.6筛分机械研究的现状 (3)1.7 将来的发展趋势 (4)2目的依据及说明 (4)2.1 2ZD1556自定中心园振动筛设计的目的 (4)2.2 设计的依据及参考资料 (4)2.3 设计的有关说明 (4)3工艺参数的选择与确定 (5)3.1 筛面长度及宽度的确定 (5)3.2 生产率的确定 (5)3.3 振幅和频率的选择 (5)3.4 筛面倾角的选择 (8)4动力学分析及参数计算 (8)振动筛动力学基本理论 (8)4.1 参振重量及参振质量的计算 (11)4.2 主弹簧刚度计算与选择 (12)4.3 激振器偏心质量及其偏心距的验算 (13)4.4重心计算 (14)5功率计算及电机的选择 (15)5.1 筛分机在负荷状态下工作所需功率的计算 (15)5.2 电动机的选择 (16)5.3 验算电动机的启动转矩 (16)6零件的计算 (16)6.1 弹簧计算 (17)6.2 三角皮带的传动计算 (18)6.3 轴强度验算 (19)6.4 轴承寿命验算 (23)7基型及结构的选择 (24)7.1 筛分基型的比较和选择 (24)7.2 筛分机结构的选择和确定 (24)8、设备合理的更新期 (31)9、结论 (32)参考文献 (33)致谢 (34)1绪论1.1 筛分的概念广义的筛分是指将粒子群按粒子的大小、比重、带电性以及磁性等粉体学性质进行分离的方法。
轴类毕业设计英文翻译、外文文献翻译
ShaftSolid shafts. As a machine component a shaft is commonly a cylindrical bar that supports and rotates with devices for receiving and delivering rotary motion and torque .The crankshaft of a reciprocating engine receive its rotary motion from each of the cranks, via the pistons and connecting roads (the slider-crank mechanisms), and delivers it by means of couplings, gears, chains or belts to the transmission, camshaft, pumps, and other devices. The camshafts, driven by a gear or chain from the crankshaft, has only one receiver or input, but each cam on the shaft delivers rotary motion to the valve-actuating mechanisms.An axle is usually defined as a stationary cylindrical member on which wheels and pulleys can rotate, but the rotating shafts that drive the rear wheels of an automobile are also called axles, no doubt a carryover from horse-and-buggy days. It is common practice to speak short shafts on machines as spindles, especially tool-carrying or work-carrying shafts on machine tools.In the days when all machines in a shop were driven by one large electric motor or prime mover, it was necessary to have long line shafts running length of the shop and supplying power, by belt, to shorter couter shafts, jack shafts, or head shafts. These lineshafts were assembled form separate lengths of shafting clampled together by rigid couplings. Although it is usually more convenient to drive each machine with a separate electric motor, and the present-day trend is in this direction, there are still some oil engine receives its rotary motion from each of the cranks, via the pistons and connecting roads (the slider-crank mechanisms) , and delivers it by means of couplings, gears, chains or belts to the transmission, camshaft, pumps, and other devices. The camshafts, driven by a gear or chain from the crankshaft, has only one receiver or input, but each cam on the shaft delivers rotary motion to the valve-actuating mechanisms.An axle is usually defined as a stationary cylindrical member on which wheels and pulleys can rotate, but the rotating shafts that drive the rear wheels of an automobile are also called axles, no doubt a carryover from horse-and-buggy days. It is common practice to speak short shafts on machines as spindles, especially tool-carrying or work-carrying shafts on machine tools.In the days when all machines in a shop were driven by one large electric motor or prime mover, it was necessary to have long line shafts running length of the shop and supplying power, by belt, to shorter coutershafts, jackshafts, or headshafts. These line shafts were assembled form separatelengths of shafting clampled together by rigid couplings. Although it is usually more convenient to drive each machine with a separate electric motor, and the present-day trend is in this direction, there are still some situation in which a group drive is more economical.A single-throw crankshaft that could be used in a single-cylinder reciprocating engine or pump is shown in Figure 21. The journals A andB rotate in the main bearings,C is the crankpin that fits in a bearing on the end of the connecting rod and moves on a circle of radius R about the main bearings, whileD andE are the cheeks or webs.The throw R is one half the stroks of the piston, which is connected, by the wrist pin, to the other end of the connecting rod and guided so as to move on a straight path passing throw the axis XX. On a multiple-cylinder engine the crankshaft has multiple throws---eight for a straight eight and for a V-8---arranged in a suitable angular relationship.Stress and strains. In operation, shafts are subjected to a shearing stress, whose magnitude depends on the torque and the dimensions of the cross section. This stress is a measure of resistance that the shaft material offers to the applied torque. All shafts that transmit a torque are subjected to torsional shearing stresses.In addition to the shearing stresses, twisted shafts are also subjected to shearing distortions. The distorted state is usually defined by the angle of twist per unit length; i.e., the retation of one cross section of a shaft relative to another cross section at a unit distance from it.Shafts that carry gears and pulleys are bent as well as twisted, and the magniude of the bending stresses, which are tensile on the convex side of the bend and compressive on the concave side, will depend on the load, the distance between the bearings of the shaft cross section.The combination of bending and twisting produces a state of stress in the shaft that is more complex than the state of pure shears produced by torsion alone or the state of tension-compression produced by bending alone.To the designer of shaft it is important to know if the shaft is likely to fail because of an excessive normal stress. If a piece of chalk is twisted, it will invariably rupture on a plane at about 45 degrees to the axis. This is because the maximum tensile stresses act on this plane, and chalk is weak in tension. Steel shafting is usually designed so that the maximum shearing stress produced by bending and torsion is less than a specified maximum.Shafts with circular cross sections are easier to produce in the steel mill, easier to machine, andeasier to support in bearings than shafts with other cross section; there is seldom any need for using noncircular shapes. In addition, the strength and stiffness, both in bending and torsion, are more easily calculated for circular shafts. Lastly, for a given amount of materials the circular shafts has the smallest maximum shearing stress for a given torque, and the highest torsional rigidity.The shearing in a circular shaft is highest at the surface and drops off to zero at the axis. This means that most of the torque is carried by the material on and near the surface.Critical speeds. In the same way that a violin string vibrates when stroked with a bow, a cylindrical shaft suspended between two bearings has a natural frequency of lateral vibration. If the speed of revolution of the shaft coincides with the natural frequency, the shaft experience a whirling critical speed and become noisy. These speeds are more likely to occur with long, flexible shafts than with short, stiff ones. The natural frequency of a shaft can be raised by increasing its stiffness.If a slender rod is fixed to the ceiling ta one end and supports a heavy disk at the other end, the disk will oscillate back and forth around the rod axis like a torsion pendulum if given an initial twist and let go. The frequency of the oscillations will depend on the torsional stiffness of the rod and the weight of the disk; the stiffer the rod and the lighter the disk the higher the frequency. Similar torsional oscillations can occur in the crankshafts of reciprocating engines, particularly those with many crank throws and a heavy flywheel. Each crank throw and part of the associated connecting rod acts like a small flywheel, and for the crankshaft as a whole, there are a number of ways or modes in which there small flywheels can oscillate back and forth around the shaft axis in opposition to one another and to the main flywheel. For each of these modes there corresponds a natural frequency of oscillation.When the engine is operating the torques delivered to the crankshaft by the connecting rods fluctuate, and if the crankshaft speed is such that these fluctuating impulses are delivered at a speed corresponding to one of the natural torsional frequencies of the shaft, torsional oscillations will be superimposed on the rotary motion of the shafts. Such speed are known as torsional critical speeds, and they can cause shaft failures. A number of devices to control the oscillations of crankshafts have been invented.Flexible shafts. A flexible shaft consists of a number of superimposed tightly wound right-and left-hand layers of helically wound wires wrapped about a single center wire or mandrel. The shaft is connected to source of power and the driven member by special fittings attached to the end of theshaft. Flexible easings of metallic or nonmetallic materials, which guide and protect the shaft and retain the lubricant, are also available. Compared with solid shafts, flexible shafts can be bent to much smaller radii without being overstressed.For transmitting power around corners and for considerable distances flexible shafts are usually cheaper and more convenient than belts, chains, or gears. Most speedometers on automobiles are driven by flexible shafts running from the transmission to the dashboard. When a valve, a switch, or other control devices is in a hard-to-reach location, it can be operated by a flexible shaft from a more convenient position. For portable tools such as sanders, grinders, and drilling machines, flexible shafts are practically indispensable.KEY, SPLINES AND PINSKeys, splines, and pins. When power is being transmitted from a machine member such as a coupling, a gear, a flywheel, or a pulley to the shaft on which it is mounted, means must be provided for preventing relative motion between the shaft and the member. On helical and bevel gears, relative movement along the shaft caused by the thrust(axial) loads is prevented by a step in the shaft or by having the gear contact the bearing directly or through a tubular spacer. When axial loads are incidental and of small magnitude, the members are kept from sliding along the shaft by means of a set screw. The primary purpose of keys, splines, and pins is to prevent relative rotary movement.A commonly used type of key has a square cross section and is sunk half in the shaft and half in the hub of the other member. If the key is made of steel(which is commonly the case)of the same strength as the shaft and has a width and depth equal to one fourth of the shaft diameter(this proportion is closely approximated in practice) then it will have the same torque capacity as the solid shaft if its length is 1.57 times that of the shaft diameter. Another common type of key has a rectangular cross section with a depth to width ratio of 0.75. Both of these keys may either be straight or tapered in depth. The straight keys fit snugly on the sides of the key ways only, the tapered keys on all sides. Gib-head keys are tapered keys with a projection on one end to facilitate removal.Woodruff keys are widely used on machine tools and motor vehicles. The key is a segment of adisk and fits in a keyway in the shaft that is with a special milling cutter. Though the extra depth of these keys weakens the shaft considerably, it prevents any tendency of the key to rotate or move axially. Woodruff keys are particularly suitable for tapering shaft ends.Because they weaken the shafts less, keys with straight or tapered circular cross sections are sometimes used in place of square and rectangular keys, but the keyways, half in the shaft and half in the shaft and half in the hub, must be cut with a drill after assembly,and interchangeability of parts is practically impossible. When a large gear blank is made by shrinking a high-strength rim on a cheaper cast center, circular keys, snugly fitted, are frequently used to ensure a permanent connection.Splines are permanent keys integral with the shaft, fitting in keyways cut in the hub. The dimensions of splined fittings are standardized for both permanent (press) fits and sliding fits. The teeth have either straight or involute profiles;the latter are stronger, more easily measured, and have a self-centring action when twisted.Tapered circular pins can be used to restrain shaft-mounted members from both axial and rotary movement. The pin fits snugly in a reamed tapered hole that is perpendicular to the shaft surface. A number of straight pins that grip by deforming elastically or plastically when driven into straight holes are commercially available.All the keys and pins that have been described are standard driving devices. In some cases they inadequate, and unorthodox means must be employed. For driving small gear in which there is no room between the bore and the roots of the teeth for a longitudinal keyway, a transverse radial slot on the end of the gear can be made to fit a radial protuberance on the shaft. For transmitting moderate loads, a cheaper and effective connection can be made by forming a series of longitudinal serrations on the shaft with a knurling tool and pressing the shaft into the hole in the driven member, it will cut grooves in the hole and provide, in effect, a press-fitted splined connection. Press and shrink fits are also used, and they can provide surprisingly firm connections, but the dimensions of the connected member must be closely controlled.轴实心轴轴作为机械零件通常是一根圆柱形杆，用来支撑部件并随部件一起转动以接受和传递转动和扭矩。
振动筛外文翻译
Line Vibrating Screen overviewThe use of linear vibrating screen Vibrating motor as vibration source excitation, so that materials in the sieve to be toss-line, at the same time for straight forward exercise, material from the feeder evenly into the screening machine feed through the mesh have a number of multi-storey sieve specifications on materials, sieve under物, separately from their respective export discharged. With low energy consumption, high output, simple structure, easy maintenance, full-closed structure, no dust, automatic nesting, more suitable for pipelined operation .Linear Vibrating Screen Working Principle:Linear Vibrating Screen Vibrating motor-driven double, when the two make Vibrating motor synchronization, anti-缶rotation, the eccentric block excitation force generated by the electrical axis in parallel to the direction of offset each other, perpendicular to the motor shaft at the direction of stack for the one together, so the exercise machine for straight line trajectory. Its two-motor shaft relative screen surface has a dip in the excitation force and material self-gravity force role, the materials in the sieve surface by leaps and bounds toss straight forward for the sport, so as to achieve on the materials selection and classification purposes. Can be used to achieve automated assembly line in operation. With low energy consumption, high efficiency, simple structure, easy maintenance, full-closed structure without dust溢散characteristics. Maximum 325 mesh screen mesh can be screening out of seven kinds of different particle size materials.The use of linear vibrating screenOf powder, granular materials selection and classification, widely used in plastics, abrasives, chemicals, medicine, building materials, food, carbon, fertilizer and other industries.Linear Vibrating Screen (straight-line screen) is a new type of highly efficient screening equipment, widely used in mining, coal, metallurgy, building materials, refractories, light industry, chemical industry. Linear Vibrating Screen (linear sieve) stable and reliable, consume less, low noise, long life, vibration-type steady, screening and high efficiency.Linear Vibrating Screen technical parametersSZF-520-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2000 ×500 ×1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-525-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 ×500 ×1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-825-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 ×800 ×1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-820-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2000 ×800 ×1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1025-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 ×1000 ×1500 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1225-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 ×1200 ×1500 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1235-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 3500 ×1200 ×1600 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1536-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 1500 ×3600 ×1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)Information on the use of instructionsFeatures ☆☆1) unique mesh design, convenient and rapid replacement of screen (only 3-5 minutes), in addition to such designPermit the use of mesh (nylon, special long, PP Net).2) screen design; compact and easy to assemble, one person can operate machine.3) and other related brands comparison, a larger filter area and high efficiency of processing power.4) the parent fully support Net Net fine, so fine-Net can be an exclusive right of a longer life expectancy, and reduce the use of fine-Net supplies, deposition time of the production process can reduce a lot of cost.Linear vibrating screen role and the principle ofThe basic principles of the Department of Motor Borrow shaft installed on the bottom of a heavy hammer (Heng uneven weight), the rotation of motor sport will be transformed into horizontal, vertical, inclined three-sport, and then communicated to the sports screen surface. If the change in weights up and down the Department of the phase angle of the road can change the direction of raw materials.Electrical Usage:This series of motors to meet the following conditions when continuous output rated excitation.1, vibration acceleration: no more than 7g (g: acceleration due to gravity)2, ambient temperature: not more than 40 ℃3, above sea level: not exceed 1000m4, power supply frequency: 50Hz5, voltage: 380V6, the temperature rise: less than 80K (resistance method)Linear vibrating screen, as well as the various parts of the structure function .This machine mainly by the screen box, screen frames, screen, vibration motor, electric pedestal, damping spring, frame and so on.1, sieve boxes: from a few different kinds of thickness of steel plate welded together with a certain degree of strength and stiffness, are the main machine components.2, screen box: deformation from pine or smaller made of wood, mainly used tomaintain the mesh formation, the normal screen.3, screen: there is low-carbon steel, brass, bronze, several species such as stainless steel wire mesh.4, Vibrating motor (using the repair method with the use of Vibrating motor detailed instructions).5, the electrical pedestal: Vibrating motor installation, use pre-connect screw must be tightened, especially the new machine three days before trial must be repeated fastening to prevent loosening of the accident.6, damping spring: to prevent vibration to the ground, while supporting the full weight of the sieve case, the installation, the spring must be vertical with the ground.7, frame: from the four pillars and two channel components to support the screen box, the installation must be vertical with the ground pillars, two pillars of the following should be mutually parallel channel.Linear vibrating screen to install the pre-preparation1, check whether the motor signs in line with the requirements.2, using 500-volt megohm insulation resistance measurement table, and its value to deal with stator windings drying treatment, drying temperature should not exceed 120 ℃.3, inspection of all electrical fasteners, to guard against loosening.4, check whether the damage to the electrical surface deformation.5, check whether the rotating flexible, if abnormal, should be excluded.6, check power supply, whether the lack of phase, and no-load operation of 5 minutes.Installation and adjustment1, the electrical be fasteners at the installation level, the installation must be smooth and flat.2, the level of motor can be installed.3, the electrical lead-core rubber cable using four YZ-500V, then the power cable isnot allowed when there is urgency pinout folding and reliable fixed-body vibration. 4, the electrical grounding should be reliable, there is within the electrical grounding device, lead client has signs at the end of the foot can also make use of a solid grounding bolt.5, the adjustment of excitation force.Linear vibrating screen use and repair1, the machine should be installed in the electrical protection device.2, the machine is running early, check every day for at least one anchor bolts to prevent loosening.3, when the motor rotation direction inconsistent with the requirements, you can adjust the power phase sequence.4, the electrical should guarantee good lubrication, each running about two weeks to add lithium-based grease (ZL-3) once, come on, through the oil cups add appropriate amount of lithium-based grease. When the use of sealed bearings, the motor is not installed on the oil cup.5, the machine is running a total of 1500 hours, they should check the bearings, if serious injury should be immediately replaced.6, the local parking again after a longer period of time when used in insulation resistance should be measured for the 500-volt megohm table measurements, should be larger than megohm.Linear Vibrating Screen routine maintenance1, start before:(1) Inspection of rough and fine Net Net availability of breakage(2) to check whether the removal of transport support. 2, start at:(1) watch for abnormal noise(2) whether the current stability(3) whether the vibration3, use: that is, each time after use clean up.Regular maintenanceNet regular inspection of rough, small networks and the availability of spring fatigue and damage, whether the various parts of the airframe vibration caused damage, need to add lubricants lubrication parts must come on.直线振动筛概述直线振动筛利用振动电机激振作为振动源，使物料在筛网上被抛起，同时向前作直线运动，物料从给料机均匀地进入筛分机的进料口，通过多层筛网产生数种规格的筛上物、筛下物、分别从各自的出口排出。
振动筛英文
g
gain
i
inlet
m denotes mass transfer
o
outlet
ssolutionw waterusing them more consistently than others. For machines to truly become smaller and lighter, the high viscosity and low molecular diusivity of lithium bromide solutions call for active enhancement. Previous attempts to incorporate active enhancement have met with varied success. Absorbers enhanced via rotating disks that produce a thin absorbent ®lm projected to have large absorption rates were described in [9]. This concept led to the development of a rotating machine, Interotex, of small dimensions and testing results recently reported in the literature [10]. The concept is based on rotating heat exchangers at high speed, and using the consequent rotational forces to enhance heat and mass transfer and to circulate the working ¯uids.
机械类毕业设计外文翻译
机械类毕业设计外文翻译外文原文Options for micro-holemakingAs in the macroscale-machining world, holemaking is one of the most— if not the most—frequently performed operations for micromachining. Many options exist for how those holes are created. Each has its advantages and limitations, depending on the required hole diameter and depth, workpiece material and equipment requirements. This article covers holemaking with through-coolant drills and those without coolant holes, plunge milling, microdrilling using sinker EDMs and laser drilling.Helpful HolesGetting coolant to the drill tip while the tool is cutting helps reduce the amount of heat at the tool/workpiece interface and evacuate chips regardless of hole diameter. But through-coolant capability is especially helpful when deep-hole microdrilling because the tools are delicate and prone to failure when experiencing recutting of chips, chip packing and too much exposure to carbide’s worst enemy—heat.When applying flood coolant, the drill itself blocks access to the cutting action. “Somewhere about 3 to 5 diam eters deep, the coolant has trouble getting down to the tip,” said Jeff Davis, vice president of engineering for Harvey Tool Co., Rowley, Mass. “It becomes wise to use a coolant-fed drill at that point.”In addition, flood coolant can cause more harm than good when microholemaking. “The pressure from the flood coolant can sometimes snap fragile drills as they enter the part,” Davis said.The toolmaker offers a line of through-coolant drills with diameters from 0.039" to 0.125" that are able to produce holes up to 12 diameters deep, as well as microdrills without coolant holes from 0.002" to 0.020".Having through-coolant capacity isn’t enough, though. Coolant needs to flow at a rate that enables it to clear the chips out of the hole. Davis recommends, at a minimum, 600 to 800 psi of coolant pressure. “It works much better if you have higher pressure than that,” he added.To prevent those tiny coolant holes from becoming clogged with debris, Davis also recommends a 5μm or finer coolant filter.Another recommendation is to machine a pilot, or guide, hole to prevent the tool from wandering on top of the workpiece and aid in producing a straight hole. When applying a pilot drill, it’s important to select one with an included angle on its point that’s equal t o or larger than the included angle on the through-coolant drill that follows.The pilot drill’s diameter should also be slightly larger. For example, if the pilot drill has a 120° included angle and a smaller diameter than a through-coolant drill with a 140°included angle, “then you’re catching the coolant-fed drill’s corners and knocking those corners off,” Davis said, which damages the drill.Although not mandatory, pecking is a good practice when microdrilling deep holes. Davis suggests a pecking cycle that is 30 to 50 percent of the diameter per peck depth, depending on the workpiece material. This clears the chips, preventing them from packing in the flute valleys.Lubricious ChillTo further aid chip evacuation, Davis recommends applying an oil-based metalworking fluid instead of a waterbased coolant because oil provides greater lubricity. But if a shop prefers using coolant, the fluid should include EP (extreme pressure) additives to increase lubricity and minimize foaming. “If you’ve got a lot of foam,” Davis noted, “the chips aren’t being pulled out the way they are supposed to be.”He added that another way to enhance a tool’s slipperiness while extending its life is with a coating, such as titanium aluminum nitride. TiAlN has a high hardness and is an effective coating for reducing heat’s impact when drilling difficult-to-machine materials, like stainless steel.David Burton, general manager of Performance Micro Tool, Janesville, Wis., disagrees with the idea of coating microtools on the smaller end of the spectrum. “Coatings on tools below 0.020" typically have a negative effect on every machining aspect, from the quality of the initial cut to tool life,” he said. That’s because coatings are not thin enough and negatively alter the rake and relief angles when applied to tiny tools.However, work continues on the development of thinner coatings, and Burton indicated that Performance Micro Tool, which produces microendmills and microrouters and resells microdrills, is working on a project with others to create a submicron-thickness coating. “We’re probably 6 months to 1 year from testing it in the market,” Burton said.The microdrills Performance offers are basically circuit-board drills, which are also effective for cutting metal. All the tools are without through-coolant capability. “I had a customer drill a 0.004"-dia. hole in stainless steel, and he was amazed he could do it with a circuit-board drill,” Burton noted, adding that pecking and running at a high spindle speed increase the d rill’s effectiveness.The requirements for how fast microtools should rotate depend on the type of CNCmachines a shop uses and the tool diameter, with higher speeds needed as the diameter decreases. (Note: The equation for cutting speed is sfm = tool diameter × 0.26 × spindle speed.)Although relatively low, 5,000 rpm has been used successfully by Burton’s customers. “We recommend that our customers find the highest rpm at the lowest possible vibration—the sweet spot,” he said.In addition to minimizing vibration, a constant and adequate chip load is required to penetrate the workpiece while exerting low cutting forces and to allow the rake to remove the appropriate amount of material. If the drill takes too light of a chip load, the rake face wears quickly, becoming negative, and tool life suffers. This approach is often tempting when drilling with delicate tools.“If the customer decides he wants to baby the tool, he takes a lighter chip load,” Burton said, “and, typically, the cutting edge wears much quicker and creates a radius where the land of that radius is wider than the chip being cut. He ends up using it as a grinding tool, trying to bump material away.” For tools larger than 0.001", Burton considers a chip load under 0.0001" to be “babying.” If the drill doesn’t snap, premature wear can result in abysmal tool life.Too much runout can also be destructive, but how much is debatable. Burton pointed out that Performance purposely designed a machine to have 0.0003" TIR to conduct in-house, worst-case milling scenarios, adding that the company is still able to mill a 0.004"-wide slot “day in and day out.”He added: “You would think with 0.0003" runout and a chip load a third that, say, 0.0001" to 0.00015", the tool would break immediately because one flute would be taking the entire load and then the back end of the flute would be rubbing.When drilling, he indicated that up to 0.0003" TIR should be acceptable because once the drill is inside the hole, the cutting edges on the end of the drill continue cutting while the noncutting lands on the OD guide the tool in the same direction. Minimizing run out becomes more critical as the depth-to-diameter ratio increases. This is because the flutes are not able to absorb as much deflection as they become more engaged in the workpiece. Ultimately, too much runout causes the tool shank to orbit around the tool’s center while the tool tip is held steady, creating a stress point where the tool will eventually break.Taking a PlungeAlthough standard micro drills aren’t generally available below 0.002", microendmills that can be used to “plunge” a hole are. “When people want to drillsmaller than that, they use our endmills and are pretty successful,” Burton said. However, the holes can’t be very deep because the tools don’t have long aspect, or depth-to-diameter, ratios. Therefore, a 0.001"-dia. endmill might be able to only make a hole up to 0.020" deep whereas a drill of the same size can go deeper because it’s designed to place the load on its tip when drilling. This transfers the pressure into the shank, which absorbs it.Performance offers endmills as small as 5 microns (0.0002") but isn’t keen on increasing that line’s sales. “When people try to buy them, I very seriously try to talk them out of it bec ause we don’t like making them,” Burton said. Part of the problem with tools that small is the carbide grains not only need to be submicron in size but the size also needs to be consistent, in part because such a tool is comprised of fewer grains. “The 5-m icron endmill probably has 10 grains holding the core together,” Burton noted.He added that he has seen carbide powder containing 0.2-micron grains, which is about half the size of what’s commercially available, but it also contained grains measuring 0.5 and 0.6 microns. “It just doesn’t help to have small grains if they’re not uniform.”MicrovaporizationElectrical discharge machining using a sinker EDM is another micro-holemaking option. Unlike , which create small holes for threading wire through the workpiece when wire EDMing, EDMs for producing microholes are considerably more sophisticated, accurate and, of course, expensive.For producing deep microholes, a tube is applied as the electrode. For EDMing smaller but shallower holes, a solid electrode wire, or rod, is needed. “We try to use tubes as much as possible,” said Jeff Kiszonas, EDM product manager for Makino Inc., Auburn Hills, Mich. “But at some point, nobody can make a tube below a certain diameter.” He added that some suppliers offer tubes down to 0.003" in diameter for making holes as small as 0.0038". The tube’s flushing hole enables creating a hole with a high depth-to-diameter ratio and helps to evacuate debris from the bottom of the hole during machining.One such sinker EDM for produc ing holes as small as 0.00044" (11μm) is Makino’s Edge2 sinker EDM with fine-hole option. In Japan, the machine tool builder recently produced eight such holes in 2 minutes and 40 seconds through 0.0010"-thick tungsten carbide at the hole locations. The electrode was a silver-tungsten rod 0.00020" smaller than the hole being produced, to account for spark activity in the gap.When producing holes of that size, the rod, while rotating, is dressed with acharged EDM wire. The fine-hole option includes a W-axis attachment, which holds a die that guides the electrode, as well as a middle guide that prevents the electrode from bending or wobbling as it spins. With the option, the machine is appropriate for drilling hole diameters less than 0.005".Another sinker EDM for micro-holemaking is the Mitsubishi VA10 with afine-hole jig attachment to chuck and guide the fine wire applied to erode the material. “It’s a standard EDM, but with that attachment fixed to the machine, we can do microhole drilling,” said Dennis Powderly, sinker EDM product manager for MC Machinery Systems Inc., Wood Dale, Ill. He added that the EDM is also able to create holes down to 0.0004" using a wire that rotates at up to 2,000 rpm.Turn to TungstenEDMing is typically a slow process, and that holds true when it is used for microdrilling. “It’s very slow, and the finer the details, the slower it is,” said , president and owner of Optimation Inc. The Midvale, Utah, company builds Profile 24 Piezo EDMs for micromachining and also performs microEDMing on a contract-machining basis.Optimation produces tungsten electrodes using a reverse-polarity process and machines and ring-laps them to as small as 10μm in diameter with 0.000020" roundness. Applying a 10μm-dia. electrode produces a hole about 10.5μm to 11μm in diameter, and blind-holes are possible with the company’s EDM. The workpiece thickness for the smallest holes is up to 0.002", and the thickness can be up to 0.04" for 50μm holes.After working with lasers and then with a former EDM builder to find a better way to produce precise microholes, Jorgensen decided the best approach was DIY. “We literally started with a clean sheet of paper and did all the electronics, all the software and the whole machine from scratch,” he said. Including the software, the machine costs in the neighborhood of $180,000 to $200,000.Much of the company’s contract work, which is provided at a shop rate of $100 per hour, involves microEDMing exotic metals, such as gold and platinum for X-ray apertures, stainless steel for optical applications and tantalum and tungsten for the electron-beam industry. Jorgensen said the process is also appropriate for EDMing partially electrically conductive materials, such as PCD.“The customer normally doesn’t care too much about the cost,” he said. “We’ve done parts where there’s $20,000 [in time and material] involved, and you can put the whole job underneath a fingernail. We do everything under a microscope.”Light CuttingBesides carbide and tungsten, light is an a ppropriate “tool material” formicro-holemaking. Although most laser drilling is performed in the infrared spectrum, the SuperPulse technology from The Ex One Co., Irwin, Pa., uses a green laser beam, said Randy Gilmore, the company’s director of laser tec hnologies. Unlike the femtosecond variety, Super- Pulse is a nanosecond laser, and its green light operates at the 532-nanometer wavelength. The technology provides laser pulses of 4 to 5 nanoseconds in duration, and those pulses are sent in pairs with a delay of 50 to 100 nanoseconds between individual pulses. The benefits of this approach are twofold. “It greatly enhances material removal compared to other nanosecond lasers,” Gilmore said, “and greatly reduces the amount of thermal damage done to the workpiece material” because of the pulses’ short duration.The minimum diameter produced with the SuperPulse laser is 45 microns, but one of the most common applications is for producing 90μm to 110μm holes in diesel injector nozzles made of 1mm-thick H series steel. Gilmore noted that those holes will need to be in the 50μm to 70μm range as emission standards tighten because smaller holes in injector nozzles atomize diesel fuel better for more efficient burning.In addition, the technology can produce negatively tapered holes, with a smaller entrance than exit diameter, to promote better fuel flow.Another common application is drilling holes in aircraft turbine blades for cooling. Although the turbine material might only be 1.5mm to 2mm thick, Gilmore explained that the holes are drilled at a 25° entry angle so the air, as it comes out of the holes, hugs the airfoil surface and drags the heat away. That means the hole traverses up to 5mm of material. “Temperature is everything in a turbine” he said, “because in an aircraft engine, the hotter you can run the turbine, the better the fuel economy and the more thrust you get.”To further enhance the technology’s competitiveness, Ex One developed apatent-pending material that is injected into a hollow-body component to block the laser beam and prevent back-wall strikes after it creates the needed hole. After laser machining, the end user removes the material without leaving remnants.“One of the bugaboos in getting lasers accepted in the diesel injector community is that light has a nasty habit of continuing to travel until it meets another object,” Gilmore said. “In a diesel injector nozzle, that damages the interior surface of the opposite wall.”Although the $650,000 to $800,000 price for a Super- Pulse laser is higher than a micro-holemaking EDM, Gilmore noted that laser drilling doesn’t require electrodes. “A laser system is using light to make holes,” he said, “so it doesn’t have a consumable.”Depending on the application, mechanical drilling and plunge milling, EDMing and laser machining all have their place in the expanding micromachining universe. “People want more packed into smaller spaces,” said Makino’s Kiszonas.中文翻译微孔的加工方法正如宏观加工一样，在微观加工中孔的加工也许也是最常用的加工之一。
振动筛外文翻译11
振动筛外文翻译Line Vibrating Screen overviewThe use of linear vibrating screen Vibrating motor as vibration source excitation, so that materials in the sieve to be toss-line, at the same time for straight forward exercise, material from the feeder evenly into the screening machine feed through the mesh have a number of multi-storey sieve specifications on materials, sieve under物, separately from their respective export discharged. With low energy consumption, high output, simple structure, easy maintenance, full-closed structure, no dust, automatic nesting, more suitable for pipelined operation .Linear Vibrating Screen Working Principle:Linear Vibrating Screen Vibrating motor-driven double, when the two make Vibrating motor synchronization, anti-缶rotation, the eccentric block excitation forcegenerated by the electrical axis in parallel to the direction of offset each other, perpendicular to the motor shaft at the direction of stack for the one together, so the exercise machine for straight line trajectory. Its two-motor shaft relative screen surface has a dip in the excitation force and material self-gravity force role, the materials in the sieve surface by leaps and bounds toss straight forward for the sport, so as to achieve on the materials selection and classification purposes. Can be used to achieve automated assembly line in operation.With low energy consumption, high efficiency, simple structure, easy maintenance, full-closed structure without dust溢散characteristics. Maximum 325 mesh screen mesh can be screening outof seven kinds of different particle size materials.The use of linear vibrating screenOf powder, granular materials selection and classification, widely used in plastics, abrasives, chemicals, medicine, building materials, food, carbon, fertilizer and other industries.Linear Vibrating Screen (straight-line screen) is a new type of highly efficient screening equipment, widely used in mining, coal, metallurgy, building materials, refractories, light industry, chemical industry. Linear Vibrating Screen (linear sieve) stable and reliable, consume less, low noise, long life, vibration-type steady, screening and high efficiency.Linear Vibrating Screen technical parametersSZF-520-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2000 × 500 × 1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S)3 layers (3S)4 layers (4S)SZF-525-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 × 500 × 1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S)3 layers (3S)4 layers (4S)SZF-825-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 × 800 × 1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S)3 layers (3S)4 layers (4S)SZF-820-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2000 × 800 × 1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer (2S)3 layers (3S)4 layers (4S)SZF-1025-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 × 1000 × 1500 1 layer (1S) 2 layer(2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1225-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 2500 × 1200 × 1500 1 layer (1S) 2 layer(2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1235-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 3500 × 1200 × 1600 1 layer (1S) 2 layer(2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)SZF-1536-type 1S-Q235A or SUS304 1500 × 3600 × 1200 1 layer (1S) 2 layer(2S) 3 layers (3S) 4 layers (4S)Information on the use of instructionsFeatures ? ?1) unique mesh design, convenient and rapid replacement of screen (only 3-5 minutes), in addition to such designPermit the use of mesh (nylon, special long, PP Net).2) screen design; compact and easy to assemble, one person can operate machine. 3) and other related brands comparison, a larger filter area and high efficiency of processing power.4) the parent fully support Net Net fine, so fine-Net can be an exclusive right of a longer life expectancy, and reduce the use of fine-Net supplies, deposition time of the production process can reduce a lot of cost.Linear vibrating screen role and the principle ofThe basic principles of the Department of Motor Borrow shaftinstalled on the bottom of a heavy hammer (Heng uneven weight), the rotation of motor sport will be transformed into horizontal, vertical, inclined three-sport, and then communicated to the sports screen surface. If the change in weights up and down the Department of the phase angleof the road can change the direction of raw materials.Electrical Usage:This series of motors to meet the following conditions when continuous output rated excitation.1, vibration acceleration: no more than 7g (g: acceleration due to gravity) 2, ambient temperature: not more than 40 ?3, above sea level: not exceed 1000m4, power supply frequency: 50Hz5, voltage: 380V6, the temperature rise: less than 80K (resistance method)Linear vibrating screen, as well as the various parts of thestructure function .This machine mainly by the screen box, screen frames, screen,vibration motor, electric pedestal, damping spring, frame and so on.1, sieve boxes: from a few different kinds of thickness of steel plate welded together with a certain degree of strength and stiffness, are the main machine components. 2, screen box: deformation from pine or smaller made of wood, mainly used tomaintain the mesh formation, the normal screen.3, screen: there is low-carbon steel, brass, bronze, several species such as stainless steel wire mesh.4, Vibrating motor (using the repair method with the use ofVibrating motor detailed instructions).5, the electrical pedestal: Vibrating motor installation, use pre-connect screw must be tightened, especially the new machine three days before trial must be repeated fastening to prevent loosening of the accident.6, damping spring: to prevent vibration to the ground, while supporting the full weight of the sieve case, the installation, the spring must be vertical with the ground. 7, frame: from the four pillars and two channel components to support the screen box, the installation must be vertical with the ground pillars, two pillars of the following should be mutually parallel channel.Linear vibrating screen to install the pre-preparation1, check whether the motor signs in line with the requirements.2, using 500-volt megohm insulation resistance measurement table, and its value to deal with stator windings drying treatment, drying temperature should not exceed 120 ?.3, inspection of all electrical fasteners, to guard against loosening. 4, check whether the damage to the electrical surface deformation.5, check whether the rotating flexible, if abnormal, should be excluded. 6, check power supply, whether the lack of phase, and no-load operation of 5 minutes.Installation and adjustment1, the electrical be fasteners at the installation level, the installation must be smooth and flat.2, the level of motor can be installed.3, the electrical lead-core rubber cable using four YZ-500V, thenthe power cable isnot allowed when there is urgency pinout folding and reliable fixed-body vibration. 4, the electrical grounding should be reliable, there is within the electrical grounding device, lead client has signs at the end of the foot can also make use of a solid grounding bolt.5, the adjustment of excitation force.Linear vibrating screen use and repair1, the machine should be installed in the electrical protection device. 2, the machine is running early, check every day for at least one anchor bolts to prevent loosening.3, when the motor rotation direction inconsistent with the requirements, you can adjust the power phase sequence.4, the electrical should guarantee good lubrication, each running about two weeks to add lithium-based grease (ZL-3) once, come on, through the oil cups add appropriate amount of lithium-based grease. When the use of sealed bearings, the motor is not installed on the oil cup.5, the machine is running a total of 1500 hours, they should check the bearings, if serious injury should be immediately replaced.6, the local parking again after a longer period of time when used in insulation resistance should be measured for the 500-volt megohm table measurements, should be larger than 0.5 megohm.Linear Vibrating Screen routine maintenance1, start before:(1) Inspection of rough and fine Net Net availability of breakage(2) to check whether the removal of transport support. 2, start at:(1) watch for abnormal noise(2) whether the current stability(3) whether the vibration3, use: that is, each time after use clean up.Regular maintenanceNet regular inspection of rough, small networks and the availability of spring fatigueand damage, whether the various parts of the airframe vibration caused damage, needto add lubricants lubrication parts must come on.直线振动筛概述直线振动筛利用振动电机激振作为振动源，使物料在筛网上被抛起，同时向前作直线运动，物料从给料机均匀地进入筛分机的进料口，通过多层筛网产生数种规格的筛上物、筛下物、分别从各自的出口排出。
专业英语之选矿[精选五篇]
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专业英语之选矿[精选五篇]第一篇：专业英语之选矿abrasion n.研磨abrasion testing 磨耗试验 abrasive a.磨蚀的acceleration n.加速(度)accentuate v.强调，增强 Affinity 吸引力, 亲合力 Agitate 搅动，搅拌agitation n.搅拌（作用）amenable a.有利于，易于 annular adj.环形（状）的 anthracite.无烟煤anvil n.砧，铁砧，碎矿板 aperture n.孔，口apex n.顶，顶尖，沉砂口 asbestos n.石棉 ash fusion 灰熔试验as-mined ore/run-of-mine ore 采出矿石, 原矿石 assay.化验associated adj.联合的, 连生的 attrition n.磨损，研磨autogenous a.自生的，自发的Autogenous mills 自磨机Avid 亲的，渴望的 baddeleyite n.斜锆石 bar n.杆，棒，条 batch-type a.批次的beater n.夯具，冲击破碎机，搅拌器 Beneficiation 选矿bevel n.;v.;a.斜角，斜面；斜的biodegradation.生物降解bituminous coal 烟煤 bituminous.含沥青的 blasting n.爆破 blow n.打击bolt n.锚杆，螺栓，桁架 bomb calorimeter弹式量热计 brittle a.脆性的 buoyant force n.浮力 Calcination 煅烧carat.(=karat)克拉(宝石的重量单位)carbide n.碳化物，硬质合金carrier n.矿石搬运设备 Cassiterite.[矿]锡石cement n.水泥，粘结剂 chalcopyrite 黄铜矿 choke n.v.堵塞chrome-bearing 含铬的 Classifier 分级机clayey a.含粘土的，粘土质的，泥质的 cleft cross交叉碎裂 cling v.紧贴，依附于 clinker n.熟料，熔渣 clog v.;n.堵塞，障碍closed-circuit n.闭路循环coal preparation n.选煤coal seam 煤层 coefficient n.系数 Coke.焦炭colloidal 胶质的，胶体的 commence v.开始Comminute 使成粉末,粉碎 Comminution 粉碎 compact adj.紧密的Concentrate 精矿/富集, 浓缩concentration criterion 可选性准则 Concentration 富集，浓缩conduit n.导管，管道 cone n.圆锥选矿机cone crusher圆锥破碎机 configuration n.构型，排列 constrained a.约束的contraction n.压缩，缩短 conveyor n.运输机corrugated a.波纹状的 crack tip n.裂隙末端 critical a.临界的cross-members n.横构件 cross-section n.横断面 cross-section n.横断面crucible swelling index 坩埚膨胀指数Crushing 破碎，碎矿damp a.潮湿的 deck n.摇床床面 deflect v.偏转，偏斜 deform v.使变形 degradation n.降低 de-gritting n.脱砂Deposit.矿床堆积物 descent n.下降 , 降低 de-sliming n.脱泥detrimental a.有害的，不利的dewatering [脱水(作用)diagonally ad.延对角线地，斜地Dielectric 电介质, 绝缘体dilate v.松散，膨胀Dilemma 进退两难，困境 diminish v.降低discern v.分辨；辨识double-spiral concentrator 双螺旋选矿机drag force n.拉力drum n.鼓，滚筒eccentric a.；n.偏心的；偏心轮 eccentric sleeve偏心套筒（管）ecological ad.生态学地effective density n.有效密度 elastic n.弹性elliptical a.椭圆的elliptical a.椭圆的，椭圆形的elongation n.伸长，拉长emergent a.紧急的、浮现的 end product最终产品energy output发热量enrichment ratio 富集比equilibrium n平衡 excavate v.挖掘；采掘 exert v.施加（力），作用（力）expound 详细说明，阐述 extra-hard a.特硬的extraneous moisture外在水份 fan n.叶片，扇，扇形 feasible a.可行的Ferromagnetic 铁磁的，强磁的 fineness n.细度flare v.;n.端部向外扩张 flaw n.裂隙float-sink test 浮沉试验flotation process 浮选工艺、浮选方法 flotation tailings 浮选尾矿 free settling n.自由沉降free swelling index 自由膨胀指数friable a.脆的，易碎的friction n.摩擦（力）froth flotation 泡沫浮选galena n.方铅矿Galena.[矿]方铅矿 gallery n.平台，隧道Gangues脉石（杂质矿物）gape n.给矿口最大宽度 gasification 气化 Grade 品位grading screen n.分级筛 Graphite 石墨gravity separation 重力分离 grindability n.可磨性 Grinding 磨矿 grizzly n.格筛ground.grind的过去式研磨，磨矿 gypsum n.石膏 gyratory a.旋回的hammer mill n.锤式粉碎机 hand selection 手选harmonic a.谐调的，谐波的 headroom n.净空heavy-duty machines 重型机械设备helical a.螺旋（形）的helical n.螺旋（状，形）的 hematite n 赤铁矿high-tension separation高压电选 hindered 干扰Hitherto 迄今，在此之前 hollow a.中空的，空心的 hose n.软管hutch n.（跳汰机）筛下室hydraulic classifier n.水力分级机 hydrogenation.加氢，氢化(作用)Hydrometallurgical 湿法冶金学[术]的Hydroscopic 吸湿水份hydrosizer n.水力分级机 idling n.空转，无效，无功 ilmenite n.钛铁矿 immobile a.不动的impact crusher n.冲击式破碎机 in accordance with 与…相一致in conjunction with和…一起 incorporate v.结合，合并increment n.增加[大]，增量，增值 index n.索引，指标inherent moisture内在水份 inlet n.入口integrated a.集成的，整体的 inter-atomic bond原子间键 intergrown 共生 Interlock v.互锁intersection 交叉，交点，横断 interstice n.间隙Isomorphism n.类质同像 jaw n.颚；颚板 jig n.跳汰机kinetic a.动力学的lateral a.横向的，侧面的launder n.流槽，流槽选矿liberation 离，释放，解放 lifter n.提升板 lignite.褐煤lining n.缸套，衬板linoleum n.漆布，油毡lip n.突出部分，边缘 liquefaction.液化locked 锁定的，连生的 longitudinal a.纵向的 lump块magnetic separation磁选manifest v.;a.表明；明白的，显然的mantle n.;v.罩，套matrix n.排列mechanical classifier n.机械分级机 mesh of grind磨矿细度，磨矿粒度 Metamorphic., 变质的/igneous micron n.微米middling 中矿，中级品(concentrate, tailings)Milling 磨, 制粉, 选矿misplaced a.混杂的Module n.模数，系数，组件 monazite n.独居石mould n.模，铸造mounted a.镶嵌的，装配好的 moving screen n.动筛muffle furnace马弗炉(闭式炉)multiple-deck a.多层的multi-spigot a.多排矿管（口）的 near mesh 接近筛孔尺寸的、难筛的 necessitate v.使需要，迫使negligible a.可忽略的；微不足道的 neutralization n.抵消，平衡nip v.咬（入）,钳，挟nodular a.结核状的，瘤状的nucleonic density gauge n 核子浓度表 obscure a.含糊的，模糊的open-circuit n.开路oscillate v.振荡，振动overflow n.溢流overgrind v.过磨overgrind 过度粉碎，过磨oversize n.筛上产品，过大粒度 Paramagnetic 顺磁性的peat泥煤、泥碳 pebble n.砾石peel off v.拆除，剥落perforated a.空心的，穿孔的perpendicular a.垂直的phosphate 磷酸盐pinched sluice 尖缩溜槽 pitman n.连杆pivot n.;v.枢轴；放在枢轴上 plastic flow n.塑性流动plug n.;v.插销，塞子；堵塞 ply.厚度, 板层Polymorphism n.同质多象preconcentration 预选, 预富集 project n.;v.投影，抛射projection n.凸（突、伸）出部分pronounced a.显著的，propagation n.传播pulp-density n 矿浆浓度 pulsate v脉动 pulsion n.脉动，推进 pulverize.粉碎，研磨成粉 quarry n.;v.采石场；采石 quotient n.商，系数 radially ad.径向上 ragging n.跳汰机床层 rake n.耙子，刮板ratio of concentration 选矿比 reagent n.药剂 reciprocating a.往复（式）的Recovery 回收，回收率rectangular a 矩形的reduction ratio 破碎比resilient a.回弹的，恢复的 retain v.保留，保持retard [ri5tB:d] v.减速，延迟，阻滞 revolving screen n.旋转筛riffle n.槽，沟，格条riffled table铺格条（来复条）的床面 rigid surface刚性表面 roasting 煅烧, 焙烧roller crusher n.辊式破碎机 rotary a.回转的，旋转的 rubbish n.夹杂物 rugged a.凹凸不平的 rupture n.破裂；断裂 rutile n.金红石scalping n筛出粗块scavenger n.扫选机，扫选槽 scraper n.电铲screen mesh n.筛孔，筛网screen 筛子，筛分机/筛sedimentary.沉积的, 沉淀性的segment] n.段，部分，扇形体settling cone n.沉降锥 shaft n.轴shaking screen n.振动筛 shaking table摇床 shale n.页岩 shear n.剪切力 shim n.垫片sieve bend n.弧形筛slime n.矿泥slippage n.滑移量，滑程，漏失 slot n.缝，口solidly ad.实心地，整体地 solvent extraction 溶剂萃取 sorting column n.分级柱 Sorting 拣选，分拣 Specific Energy比能 specific gravity比重 specular iron 镜铁矿 Sphalerite.[矿]闪锌矿 spider n.星轮，十字架spigot n.排料管，筛下产物排出口spigot product n.沉砂产物spindle n.心轴，彷锤，锭子 spiral n.螺旋流槽,螺旋选矿机 splitter n.分样器spring roll n.弹簧辊碎机 stack n.竖管static screen n.静止筛，固定筛stationary screen n.固定筛steepness n.陡度，坡度Stoke’s law n.斯托克斯定律 strain n.应变，变形strata n.分层，地层stratification n.分层（作用）stratify v.使成层，使分层 stress 压力, 应力stroke n.冲程，撞击 sub-bituminous coal 亚烟煤submerge v.浸没，淹没，浸在水中successive a.接连的，相继的 suction n.吸入（作用）Surface moisture表面水份 surfactant n.表面活性剂 swelling v.膨胀swing jaw n.摆动颚，动颚swirling a.涡流的，旋流的synchronization n.同步 syngas.合成气 talc n.滑石tangentially ad.成切线 tank n.槽，池taper n.;v.缩成锥形，尖灭，逐渐缩小 tar 焦油tensile n.张力；拉力 terminal velocity n.末速 tertiary a.第三的，第三段 Thickener 浓密机throughput n.处理能力，通过能力titanium-bearing 含钛的toggle n.肘板，曲柄 total moisture 全水份tramp a.夹杂的，流入的 tray n.盘，托盘，垫座 tray n.托架，滑槽 trommel n.圆筒筛trommel screen n.滚筒筛，转筒筛 trough n.沟，槽，池trunnion n.耳轴，轴颈，十字头 tumbling mills 滚筒磨矿机turbulent resistance n.紊流阻力 ultra-fine超细的undersize n.筛下产品 uranothorite n.铀钍矿 valuable mineral 有用矿物 valve n.阀，活门valve n.阀（门）velocity n.速度vibration mill n.振动式磨机 viscosity n.粘性 , 粘度 viscous a.粘的 , 粘性的 viscous resistance n.粘滞阻力 volatile.挥发性的vortex n.涡流，旋涡 vortex finder n.旋涡溢流管washing plant n.洗矿车间，洗矿厂wedge n.；v.楔形；楔固（牢）weir n.导流堰，溢流堰 work index n.功指数 zircon n.锆石A abrasion 磨耗accumulation 堆积物acrylic 丙烯酸的activate 活化，刺激activated carbon 活性炭activation 活化作用activator 活化剂adhere 粘着 adhesion 粘附 adhesion 粘合adhesion 粘着，粘附 adjacent 邻近adjacent 相邻的，邻近的 adjustable 可调节的 adsorbent 吸附剂 advent 出现 aeration 充气 aeration 充气aerofloat 黑药（捕收剂）aerophilic 亲气的aerophilic 亲气的aerophobic 疏气的 affinity 亲和力 agglomerate 凝聚 aggregate 填料 agitation 搅拌 agitation 搅拌air-avid property 亲水性 alkaline 碱性 alkaline 碱性alkyl sulfate 烷基硫酸盐 allotrope 同素异形体 alloy 合成 alloy 合金 alluvial 冲击aluminosilicate 铝硅酸盐 amalgamation 混汞法 amine protein 氨蛋白 amine 胺amino group 氨基 amorphous 无定形的 ampere 安培 amyl 戊基analogous 类似的 ancillary 辅助 anion 负离子 anionic 阴离子的anionic 阴离子的，带负电的 annular 环形的 apex 沉砂口apparent viscosity 表观粘度 apparent 外观上的 applicable 适用的 appraisal 评价appraisal 评价，估计 approximately 接近地 aqua regia 王水aqueous chemical extraction process 湿法化学提取 arcing 电弧作用aromatic alcohol 芳香醇 arsenic 砷的，含砷的 arsenopyrite 毒砂arsenopyrite 砷黄铁矿，毒砂artificial satellites 人造卫星asbestos石棉 ascend 提升 assay 试验 assess 评定astronauts 宇航员asymmetric 不对称的，不均匀的 at will 任意的atomize 雾化，粉化 attrition 磨损 augment 增加auric 金的，含金的，三价金的 auride 金化物aurocyanide complex 氰化金络合物aurocyanide 氰亚金酸盐aurous 亚金的，一价金的 aurum 金availability 来源 axis 轴线azurite 蓝铜矿B back-fill 回填（料）back-filling 回填baffle 导流板，栅板balium 钡 barite 重晶石 barren 贫瘠的batch flotation cell 单槽浮选机bath（重介质）分选槽beach sand 海滨砂 beamed 定向的 bismuth 铋blade 叶片，刀刃 blend 混合 blower 鼓风机 boil 沸腾bonding sites 活性点 borax 硼砂 boron 硼borrowed fill 外来料 bowl 滚筒brass tube 黄铜管bridge thickener 桥梁式浓密机 bromide 溴化物bromoform 溴仿，三溴甲烷 bronze 青铜 bubble 气泡bulk-oil floatation 全油浮选 bullion 金块by convention 按照惯例 by virtue of 根据C caesium 铯cake filter 饼式过滤机 calacerite 碲金矿 calcined 煅烧 calcite 方解石calcium fluoride 氟化钙calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙calibrated orifice plate 调节孔板 caloium 钙 capital 资本carbon disulphide 二硫化碳carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳carbonaceous 碳质的 carbon-in-leach 炭浸法carbon-in-pulp process 炭浆法 carbonyl 羰基 carboxyl 羧基carboxylate 羧酸盐 carnallite 光卤石cascade cell 喷流槽，泻落槽cassiterite 锡石catalyst 催化剂cater 满足cationic 阳离子的 caustic 腐蚀性的 cement 水泥centrifugal 离心的centrifugal 离心的centrifuge 离心机ceramics 陶瓷业 cerussite 白铅矿 chalcopyrite 黄铜矿chamber or recessed plate filter press 箱式或凹板式压缩机charcoal 木炭chemisortion 化学吸附作用 chlorauric 氯金酸chlorination 氯化，用氯气处理chute 斜槽chute 装矿溜口circuit 回路circulating loads 循环负荷clarification filter 澄清式过滤机 clarifier 澄清机clarifying capacity 澄清能力 clarity 透明 clean 精选cleaner cell 精选槽 cleaner 品位高clerici solution 克列里奇夜coagulant 凝聚剂，凝结剂coagulation 凝结，凝聚 coagulation 凝聚 coagulator 凝聚剂coal preparation engineer 选煤工程师coalescing 兼并cobbing 粗选coconut shells 椰子壳collection 回收collection 收集collectors 捕收剂 collidal 胶体 collide 碰撞 collide 碰撞 collieries 煤矿 colloidal 胶体 colloidal 胶体的come into contact with 与--接触commercial scale工业规模compatible 兼容，共处compensate 补偿complete 完全的complexant 配位剂component 组件compound 化合物compressed 扁平的 comprise 包括 concentration 浓度concurrent low-intensity magnetic separator 顺流式弱磁选机conditioning 调浆conducting particles 导电颗粒conductor grain 导体颗粒confined 限制 connote 意味着 constituents 成分constituents 组分，成分 contact angle 接触角contamanant 污染物质，杂质contaminate 污染，混杂contaminated 受污染的 contamination 污染 controversial 有争议的conventional 常规的，常见的conventional 常见的conventional 常见的 converge 集中converging field 收敛磁场converse 聚合conversely 相反的copper matte 冰铜copper sulphate 硫酸铜copper sulphide 硫化铜corona discharge 电晕放电corresponding 一致的，相应的corrosion resistant 耐腐蚀 corrosion 腐蚀corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀 corrosive 腐蚀性的counter current decantation 逆流洗涤 counter-current 半逆流counter-ion 反离子 counter-rotation 逆流式 covalent 共价的 cresol 甲酚 crest 顶端cresylic acid 甲酚酸 crucible 坩埚crystal lattice 晶格crystallization 结晶cumulative 累积的cupellation 灰吹法 cyanide 氰化物 cyanide 氰化物 cylinder 圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱的cylindroconical 圆柱圆锥型D decant 澄清的 definite 明确的degradation 降解，退化，分解depleted 贫化，耗尽depress 抑制depression 抑制剂 descending 下降的detachment 分离，脱离 dewater 浓缩，脱水 dextrin 糊精diagrammatically 用图表地，概略地diamagnetic 逆磁性diffused 扩散dilute 减少，稀释 dilute 稀释 diluted 稀释 dipole 偶极direct flotation 正浮选 discarded 丢弃discrete particles 分散颗粒 dispersant 分散剂 dispersed 分散dispersing 分散 disposal 处理 disseminate 传播 disseminated 散布的 dissipate 驱散 dissipate 驱散dissociate 游离，分离dissolve 溶解distillation 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏distributor 分配器，分矿器dithiocarbonate 二硫代碳酸盐dithioposphate 二硫代磷酸盐 dixantthogen 双黄药 dore bullion 金锭 dosage 用量 doses 剂量double-layer 双电层downstream tailings dam 下流式（顺流式）尾矿坝 drag force （介质）阻力 drain 排出drain 排水，流干 drainage 排水 drastically 彻底地 drive shaft 驱动轴drum magnetic separator 筒式磁选机 duct 管道ductile 易延展的，柔软的 dust 粉尘E e.m.u system 电磁单位制 earthed 接地的 ecological 生态的effluent 污水，废水electrical conductivity 导电率，电导率 electrode assembly 电极装置，电极组 electrode 电极electrodeposition 电沉积 electrolysis 电解 electrolyte 电解质electrolytic depression 电解质抑制剂 electromagnetic coil 电磁线圈electromagnetic separator 电磁磁选机 electronegative 电负性的 electro-refining 电解精炼electrostatic separation 静电分选 electrostatic separator 静电分选机 electrostatic 静电 electrowinning 电积 electrowinning 电积electrum 银金矿，金银合金eliminate 排除eliminated 淘汰elution 解吸elution 洗提，解吸 emerged 出现 empirical 经验的 emulsion 乳状液 entrain 夹杂envisage 处理，正视 equivalent 等价的 eroded 侵蚀 ester 酯ethers 醚 ethyl 乙基evanescent 易破的 evolve 进化 exclusion 排斥exotic 外来的，奇异的exploration 勘探exponent 指数external 外部的extraction 抽提，提取F facilitate 促进facilitate 助长，促进 facilities 设备fast-floating 易浮的 fatty acid 脂肪酸 feasibility 可行性 feebly 弱ferromagnetic 铁磁性的 ferrosilicon 硅铁合金ferrous mineral 黑色金属矿物 filter cake 滤饼 filter 过滤 filter 过滤机 filtration 过滤 filtration 过滤 flange 法兰flat magnetic pole平面磁极 floatability 可浮性 floatability 可浮性floatation cell 浮选槽floc 絮状物，絮团flocculant 絮凝剂flocculate 絮凝，凝结flocculation or agglomeration 团聚，絮凝flocculation 絮凝 flocculation 絮凝 flocculent 絮凝剂flotation circuit and machines 浮选回路及浮选设备flotation circuit 浮选回路，浮选流程 flotation column 浮选柱 flowsheet 工艺流程图 flowsheet 流程fluctuations 波动，起伏 flung 投掷，扔 fluorite 萤石 fluxes 助熔剂 foamy 泡沫 fouling 污染fragment 碎屑，碎片 free-fall 自由落体free-milling ores 易选矿石 frictional 摩擦的froth flotation 泡沫浮选 frother 起泡剂 Frothers 起泡剂 fume 烟雾，冒烟 fumes 烟气furnace lining 炉衬 furnace 炉G galena 方铅矿 gap 间隙gas phase 气相gaseous ionization 气体离子化 gassy 含气的gelatine 胶质，白明胶Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能glass fibre 玻璃纤维glass sand 玻璃砂 glue 胶水 glycol 乙二醇gold cyanide leaching 黄金的氰化浸出 gold film 金薄gold inventory 金的滞留量gold melting 黄金冶炼gold refining 黄金精炼 gradient 梯度 gram 克graphically 生动的 graphite 石墨 graphite 石墨 graphite 石墨gravitate 吸引gravity field 重力场 ground 研磨grounded 接地的 guar gum 古阿胶H halide 卤化物Hallimond tube 哈里蒙特浮选管 halogens 卤素 hazart 危害，危险heap or dump leaching 堆浸helmet 头盔hematite 赤铁矿hematite 赤铁矿heteropolar 异极性的 hexyl 己基high gradient magnetic separator（HGMS）高梯度磁选机high-tension electrostatic separator 高压静电分选机 high-tension separator 高压电选机 hindered settling 干涉沉降 hollow 空心的horizontal belt filter 水平带式过滤机 humidity 湿度hydrated layer 水化层 hydro cyclone 水利旋流器 hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物 hydrodynamic 流体阻力 hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢hydrolyses 水解hydrometallurgical 湿法冶金学的hydrophobic 疏水的hydrophobic 疏水的hydrostatic head 水力静压头 hydrothermal 热液 hydroxide 氢氧化镁I igneous rock 火成岩 ilmenite 钛铁矿 ilmenite 钛铁矿imparted 给予，传递 impeller 叶轮implemented 实施，应用imposed 施加的，应用的impound 筑坝堵水 impurities 杂质 impurity 杂质in preference to 优先于 inactivation 钝化 inches 英尺incombustible material 非可燃物incorporate 合并incorporated 包含 incremental 增加的 induce 引起induced roll magnetic separator 感应辊式磁选机induction furnace 感应炉 inertial 惯性的 inertness 惰性 infared 红外的inherently 固有的，内在的initial interfacial energy 初态界面能 initial 最初inquarted 分银法（熔银分金法）integrally 完整的intensity of magnetization 磁化强度 intensive leaching 强化浸出 interface 界面interfacial tensile force 表面张力interfere 阻碍，干涉interparticle 粒子间 inverted 倒置的 iodide 碘化物ionogenic polar group 离子化极性基iron-bearing 含铁的isobutyl 异丁基 isopropyl 异丙基J jet aircraft 喷气式飞机 jewelry 首饰Jones wet-intensity magnetic separator 琼斯湿式强磁选机 jute 黄麻纤维K karat 开kerosene 煤油 kinetics 动力学krennerite 白碲金银矿L lagoon 尾矿池 lamination 薄片lead chromate 铬酸铅 leak 泄露leftover 剩下的 Lesson Five Lesson Five lesson Four Lesson Four Lesson Four Lesson One Lesson One Lesson one magnetic separation 磁力分选Lesson one 重介质分选原理Lesson Seven Lesson Six Lesson Three Lesson three Lesson Three Lesson three Lesson Three lesson Two Lesson Two Lesson Two Lesson Two Lesson Two lethal 致命的 lever 杠杆 Levitation 浮起，升起 liable 易于lifting effect 提升效应 limestone 石灰石 lines of force 磁力线linoleic acid 亚麻酸 lipides 油脂liquor 液体，溶液 liter 升litharge 一氧化铅 loading 负荷，给料 lode 脉，矿脉longitudinal 纵向的low-intensity magnetic separator 弱磁选机M magnesite 菱镁矿magnetic field gradient 磁场梯度 magnetic field 磁场magnetic floc 磁絮团，磁团聚 magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic permeability 磁导率 magnetic remanence 顽磁magnetic separator 磁力分选设备magnetic susceptibility 磁化率，磁化系数magnetism 磁性，磁力 magnetite 磁铁矿magnetohydrostatic 流体静力学 magnetomotive force 磁动力magnitude 大小magnitude 量级，大小malachite 孔雀石Malaysia 马来西亚malleable 有延展性的manganese dioxide 二氧化锰 manufacture 制造medium-cleaning 介质-净化mercaptan 硫醇mercury 水银mercury 水银 mesh 网目methyl isobutyl carbinol 甲基异丁基甲醇 methylene 二碘甲烷micro 微米mild steel 低碳钢 milk of lime 石灰乳 mined-out area 采空区mineralization of air bubble 气泡的矿化mineralization 矿化minute grains 微小颗粒 miscellaneous 多种多样的 miscible 混熔misplaced material混杂物料moisture resistant 水分含量molecular 分子的 molybdenite 辉钼矿 molybdenum 钼 monetary 货币的 monolayer 单层 monomer 单体monomolecular sheath 单分子层 motor 马达 mounted 安装multi-layers 多层的 multiple 多样的muthmannite 板碲金银矿 mutual 相互的 N nagyagite 叶碲矿naked eye 肉眼 nanoparticle 纳米 naphthenic 环烷酸near-density materials近比重物料negative polarity 负极negative 负的negligible 可以忽略的 neutral 中性 neutral 中性 neutralize 中和 nitrate 硝酸盐 nitric acid 硝酸 nitrogen 氮 noble 高贵的non-ferrous metals 有色金属non-ferrous mineral 有色金属矿物 nozzle 喷嘴nugget 天然金块 nylon 尼龙O obsolete 过时的occurrence 存在状态，赋存状态 Oersted 奥斯特 oleic acid 油酸open pit 露天矿open-pit mines 露天矿 opposed 相对的 optimization 最佳的orifice 孔original 最初的orth-phosphate 正磷酸盐 ounc 盎司 outlet 出口overflow lip 溢流口 overflow weir 溢流堰 oxhydryl 羟基oxidation stage 氧化态P paddle 挡板paddle 闸板，叶片 pan filter盘式过滤机 parallel平行paramagnetic salt 顺磁性的盐paramagnetic 顺磁性parameter 参数 parameters 参数 partition 分配，分布 patented 专利 peat 泥炭percolates 浸透，渗出 performance 性能 perimeter 周边periodic table 周期表peripheral 辅助资料，其他资料periphery drive mechanism 周边传动装置permanent magnetic separator 永磁磁选机permeable base 有孔底板permeable 有渗透性的petzite针碲银矿，碲金银矿 pH modifier pH调整剂 phenol 苯酚phosphate rock 磷酸盐phsico-chemical 物理化学的 pick-up 抽吸作用 pine oil 松节油pinning effect 吸附效应plate and frame filter press 板框式压缩机 plating 镀层，电镀platinum group 铂族 platinum 铂 plotted 绘制 plunge 浸没pneumatic machine 充气浮选机polarity 极性polarity 极性polarity 正负极 pollutant 污染物polyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺polyelectrolyte 聚合电解质polyglycols 聚乙二醇polymer 聚合体polymeric 高分子的porcelain 瓷器 pores 孔pores 孔隙，毛孔 porosity 孔隙率porous medium 多孔介质 porous 多孔的potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾potassium ethyl xanthate 乙基钾黄药 potassium 钾practicable 可行的preceding 之前的precipitate 沉淀precipitated 沉淀 precipitation 沉淀 precise 精确的 preclude 阻止preconditioning 预处理，预先调浆preferentially 优先地pregnant solution 母液 preliminary 初步的 pressure filter 压滤机profitable 有益的 progressive 先进的 provision 措施proximity 接近，邻近pseudo-sulphide 准硫化物pulp 矿浆pumping 抽 pumps 泵 pure 纯purification 提纯 purifying 净化pyrometallurgy 热冶学 pyrrhotite 雌黄铁矿 pyrrhotite 雌黄铁矿 pyrrotite 雌黄铁矿Q quebracho 白雀树皮汁 quiescent 静止的R radial vaned wheel 径向叶片 railway ballast 道碴 rake 倾斜，耙子，刮板 raking mechanism 耙动机构 rayon 人造丝 reagent 试剂recirculated 循环的 rectify 整流reducing agent 还原剂 reef 矿脉 refined 提炼 reflector 反射体regulate 调节 regulator 调整剂 regulator 调整剂 rejection 丢弃remanence 剩磁，剩余磁感应repelled 排斥repellent 疏水的reprocessing 再处理 repulsion 排斥 repulsion 排斥 repulsive 排斥residue 残留物resilient 回弹的，弹性的resilient 有回弹力的，能恢复原态的 resin acid 树脂酸 resin 树脂 restrict 限制 retained 保持retard 阻止，延缓 retarding 阻碍 reversal 逆转reversal 逆转，反向 reverse flotation 反浮选 reverse 反向rigidity 刚度，刚体 roast 焙烧rotary kiln 回转炉rotary thermal dryer 回转热力干燥机 rotary-disc filter 转盘式过滤机rotary-drum filter 回转筒式过滤机rotor 转子rough 粗选rougher 粗选槽 rubidium 铷rutile deposit 金红石矿床S saponin 皂角苷scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scaper 刮板scavenge 扫选 scavenger 扫选槽 scheelite 白钨矿 scheelite 白钨矿schist 片岩scouring 冲洗，精炼 scraper 刮刀screening filter 筛式过滤机 scroll 螺旋sedimentary rock 沉积岩 sedimentation 沉淀，沉降 segment 段，链段，片段 seismic 地震 selective 可选的self-cementing 自身粘合semi-autogenous 半自磨机settle into 沉降settling aid 沉降助剂 settling aid 沉降助剂 settling rate 沉降速度 shaft 轴 shale 页岩 shallow 浅的sharp separation 精细分选 shear force 剪切力 shear 剪切side reaction 副反应 siderite 菱镁矿 sift out 淘汰 silica 硅石siliceous 硅酸盐siliceous 含硅的，硅质的 simulaneously 同时地 sink launder 沉物槽sink-and-float process 浮-沉过程 skin flotation 表层浮选 slime coating 矿泥罩盖slime 流动，黏slipstream 气流slope 倾斜的slopes 斜率 sloping 倾斜的slow-floating 难浮的sludge-well 排矿井sluiced into 流出smelted 精炼smithsonite 菱锌矿 soda ash 苏打灰sodium bisulphite 亚硫酸钠sodium borate 硼酸钠sodium carbonate 碳酸钠 sodium carbonate 碳酸钠 sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium nitrate 硝酸钠sodium oleate 油酸钠sodium silicate 硅酸钠 solely 仅仅solubility 溶解性 spacecraft 航天器 spans 贯穿sphalerite 闪锌矿 sphalerite 闪锌矿splitter plate 分矿板，分隔板 sponge 海绵spontaneous 自发的 spray pipe 喷嘴 stable 稳定stablised 使坚固stainless steel 不锈钢 standpipe 喉管 starch 淀粉 starch 淀粉static 静止的 static 静止的 steady 稳定的 stibnite 辉锑矿 stirrer 搅拌器 stirrer 搅拌器stoichiometric 化学计量 stope 采矿场 strontium 锶sub-aeration machine 底部充气浮选机 submerged 淹没substantial 实质上，大体上 sud 肥皂泡，泡沫sulfated detergent 硫酸化洗涤剂 sulfhydryl 硫基 sulfide 硫化物 sulfonate 磺酸盐sulfonated castor acid 磺化蓖麻油sulphidation 硫化作用sulphide 硫化物sulphidiser 硫化剂sulpho group 硫基sulphocyanate 硫氰酸sulphonated detergent 磺酸化洗涤剂 sulphuric acid 硫酸super conducting intensity magnetic separator 超导磁选机supercharging 增压superconducting 超导的 superficial 表面的supplementary 补充的，附加的support bearing 支撑轴承surface charge 表面电荷 surfactant 表面活性剂surge tank 缓冲槽，振动箱 survive 存在susceptibility 磁化率，灵敏性 susceptible 易受影响的susceptivity 灵敏性，敏感性 suspended 悬浮suspension 悬浮体，悬浮液 sustain 维持sylvanite 针碲金银矿 sylvite 钾盐 symthetic 合成 T tabulated 制表tailings disposal 尾矿处理 tailings impoundment 尾矿池 take no account of 不考虑 talc 滑石tangential 切向的 tannin 丹宁 tendency 倾向terminal interfacial energy 终态界面能 terpineol 萜品醇，松油醇 tesla 特斯拉tetrabromoethane 四溴乙烷 tetrachloride 四氯化物tetramethylammonium 四甲基铵thallium formate 甲酸亚铊thallium malonate 丙二酸铊 therimic regeneration 热再生 thermal drying 热力干燥 thermal 热的thermodynamics 热力学 thick 浓的thickener 浓密机。
饲料机械的专业词汇(中英)
刮板flight attachment刮板运输机drag conveyor或者scraper conveyor弯式刮板机bent drag conveyor 舱口盖access cover端口法兰end flange高强螺栓high strength bolt抗滑移系数anti-slide coefficient陷入式装配embed assembly填料式装配bull ring assembly旋转溜槽装配rotating chute assembly出仓螺栓推运器传动装置装配reclaim auger drive assembly皮带护罩装配belt guard assembly出仓螺旋变速箱安装装配reclaim auger gearbox mounting assembly出仓螺旋装配reclaim auger assembly高级传动装配advance drive assembly高级传动底盘装配advance drive carrier assembly棒形导体conductor bar圆顶装配dome assembly屏蔽装配shield assembly润滑槽装配grease lines assembly机器界面machine interface位移位置接线盒shift position junction box接线盒工具junction box stationary出仓装置布局图reclaimer layout可编程逻辑控制程序programmable logic controller(PLC)声纳电路板sonar circuit board指示器indicator趋势图屏幕trend graph screen出仓插头电流制reclaim plug current system无线油位wireless oil level缓出仓螺旋jogging reclaim auger简化硬盘启动reduce hard starting卸料斜槽装配discharge chute assembly调节距离传感器和标值adjusting the proximity sensor&targets缓冲联轴器flexible coupling皮带张力试验使用的皮带偏转法belt deflection method for testing belt tension横向翘曲刀片cupped blade斗式提升机bucket elevator气动三通pneumatic two-way diverter清理筛precleaner不锈钢永磁筒stainless magnet sleeve旋转分配器rotary distributor投料斗intake hopper除尘器dust collector圆锥粉料清理筛conical drum mush precleaner旋风分离器cyclone粉碎仓pre-grinding bin上料位器high level indicator“V”型闸门V-gate缓冲斗surge hopper叶轮喂料器impeller feeder粉碎机hammer mill风机fan沉降室sediment chamber料封绞龙sealed screw conveyor配料仓proportion bin螺旋出仓机outlet screw feeder气动蝶阀pneumatic butterfly valve振动卸料器vibration unloader大配料秤large batching scale hopper混合机回风管系统mixer return air pumps system 固定式除尘投料筛fixed dumping station校核秤revise scale双轴桨叶式混合机double-shaft paddle batch mixer 成品检验筛end-product check dresser配料秤batching scale hopper制粒仓pelleting bin调质器conditioner制粒机pellet mill颗粒机待膨化仓pre-extrusion bin双螺杆膨化机twin screw shift extruder蒸汽吸风装置stream vapor suction皮带输送机belt conveyor循环带式烘干机circulating belt drier待喷涂仓pre-coating bin连续式液体喷涂机continuous liquid coater翻版式逆流冷却器tipping type counter-flow cooler 膨化成品仓finish product bin for extrusion feed双料斗定量包装秤double hopper bagging machine 缝口输送机sewing machine and belt conveyor粉碎仓grinding bin投料斗dumping hopper喂料关风器feeding airlock冷却器cooler破碎机crumbler振动分级筛rota-shake sifter成品仓finish production bin手动闸门manual gate振动筛vibration sieve微机控制双称斗定量包装秤double hopper computer control quantitative scale 超微粉碎机pulverizing bin超微粉碎机pulverizer喂料仓feeding bin消音器silencer出料绞龙screw discharger高方平筛plan-sifter膨化料破碎仓extrusion feed crumbling bin破碎料成品仓crumblings storage bin圆振筛round vibration sieve称重式液体添加系统scale type liquid adding machine液体混合机liquid mixer油罐oil storage tank压缩空气系统compressed air system货梯goods elevator电机electric engine;electric machine;electric(al)motor电机参数parameter of electric machine电机槽宽tooth ratio电机学electromechanics电机用油motor oil电机自动继电器motor automatic relay电机座motor cabinet电机座位motor cavity3-phase slip-ring induction motor三相滑环式感应电动机3-phase squirrel cage induction motor三相鼠笼式感应电动机battery-operated motor cycle(玩具)电动摩托车bearing of motor电动机轴承magnetic field磁场eddy current涡流slip转差率induction motor感应电动机rotating magnetic field旋转磁场winding绕组stator定子rotor转子induced current感生电流time-phase时间相位exciting voltage励磁电压solt槽lamination叠片laminated core叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring短路环squirrel cage鼠笼rotor core转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor铸铝转子bronze青铜horsepower马力random-wound散绕insulation绝缘ac motor交流环电动机end ring端环alloy合金coil winding线圈绕组form-wound模绕performance characteristic工作特性frequency频率revolutions per minute转/分motoring电动机驱动generating发电per-unit value标么值breakdown torque极限转矩breakaway force起步阻力overhauling检修wind-driven generator风动发电机revolutions per second转/秒number of poles极数speed-torque curve转速力矩特性曲线plugging反向制动synchronous speed同步转速percentage百分数locked-rotor torque锁定转子转矩full-load torque满载转矩prime mover原动机inrush current涌流magnetizing reacance磁化电抗line-to-neutral线与中性点间的staor winding定子绕组leakage reactance漏磁电抗no-load空载full load满载Polyphase多相(的)iron-loss铁损complex impedance复数阻抗rotor resistance转子电阻leakage flux漏磁通locked-rotor锁定转子chopper circuit斩波电路separately excited他励的compounded复励dc motor直流电动机de machine直流电机speed regulation速度调节shunt并励series串励armature circuit电枢电路optical fiber光纤interoffice局间的waveguide波导波导管bandwidth带宽light emitting diode发光二极管silica硅石二氧化硅regeneration再生,后反馈放大coaxial共轴的,同轴的high-performance高性能的carrier载波mature成熟的Single Side Band(SSB)单边带coupling capacitor结合电容propagate传导传播modulator调制器demodulator解调器line trap限波器shunt分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控tuner调谐器attenuate衰减incident入射的two-way configuration二线制generator voltage发电机电压dc generator直流发电机polyphase rectifier多相整流器boost增压time constant时间常数forward transfer function正向传递函数error signal误差信号regulator调节器stabilizing transformer稳定变压器time delay延时direct axis transient time constant直轴瞬变时间常数transient response瞬态响应solid state固体buck补偿operational calculus算符演算gain增益pole极点feedback signal反馈信号voltage control system电压控制系统mismatch失配error detector误差检测器transistor晶体管high-gain高增益boost-buck升压去磁feedback system反馈系统reactive power无功功率。
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第1页Screening Vibrating screensPrinciples--Vibrating screens save space and weight and operate on little power because the screening surface may be actuated by vibrating, gyrating or pulsating movement of small amplitude, but at frequencies that normally exceed 3,000/min.Selection of Proper Vibration Sereen--Be sure the screen supplier knows all details of the application. The centrifugal force factor, or combination of frequency of vibration (speed) and amplitude (throw), may affect performance of any vibrating screen. Also, a correct combination of slope and direction of mechanism rotation is vital for inclined screens. Usually, the larger the opening, the greater the amplitude needed for a screen.If the throw is too small, the material may clog or wedge in the openings. Increasing the throw beyond what is required to prevent blinding or plugging does not necessarily increase the life of the bearings and reduce screening efficiency. Increased rate of travel permits more tonnage to be passed over the screen per unit of time. For a given tonnage, a faster rate of travel results in a thinner bed of material and high screening efficiency.Maximum slope is reached when the material travels too fast for the fines to penetrate the ribbon of material and reach the apertures in the screen cloth. At this point an excessive amount of fine material passes over the screen with the oversize, resulting in poor efficiency.When an existing screen is to be used for an application other than that for which it was originally intended, check with the Supplier to see if any of the operating characteristics need modification and if the the screen is structurally suitable for the new application.The operator can get the correct vibrating screen by providing the supplier with the following information:∙Maximum tons per hour to be screened, including any circulating load or any surges in the feed rate.∙ A complete size consist or sieve analysis of the material or, if available, an estimated analysis.∙Type of material and weight per cubic foot in broken state.∙Separations desired on each deck.∙Surface moisture carried by the material if screening is to be dry or amount of water with feed if wet.∙Special operating requirements or conditions such as temperature, abrasiveness, corrosiveness or other physical characteristics of the feed,efficiency or product requirements which determine selection of screening surface, or installation problems which affect screen size selection or capacity. General Types --Vibrating screens may be divided into two main classes: mechanically-vibrated and electrially-vibrated. The former can be subdivided into classes based on how the vibration is produced--by eccentrics; by unbalanced weight; by cams or bumpers. They can also be subdivided as inclined and horizontal.Sizes --Vibrating screens are made in standard sizes of from 12 in. to 10 ft wide and from 2 1/2 ft to 28 ft long. Common practice dictates that the length of the screen should be 2.5 times the width for dry screening. For wet screening, wider and shorter screen is best. Screens for scalping ahead of primary crushers, operate at a slope of from 12 degrees to 18 degrees and have openings as large as 11-in. square. The eccentric throw for openings from 5 to 11 in. is usually 1/2 in.; for openings from 3 to 5 in. about 3/8 in.; and for smaller openings 1/4 in. The screening surface consists of a heavy cast desk, perforated steel with or without skid bars welded between the holes, rod deck, etc.The mechanical shaking screen comprises a rectangular frame, with perforated steel or wire cloth screening medium. It is usually inclined and suspended on loose rods or cables. These screens now are used mainly for special tasks of coarse screening, having given way to vibrating screens.Electrically-Heated Screens--Electrically heated screen cloth decks have afforded better screening and less dust. Modern or updated screening operations, now handling clays, limestone, potash, salts, phosphates and various hydroscopic materials, report minimum dust loss when equipped with heated screens. The controlling factor in this improvement is the electrically-heated screen doth deck. Any vibratory screen with fine opening (less than 1/2 in.) can be equipped with low volt-age-high amperage resistance heating.The principle of electric heating is based on the fact that small diameter wire of screen cloth (especially stainless steel) serves as a conductor, but offers resistance to a high-amperage current. This resistance causes heating of the wire when powerful transformer and specially designed bus bars connected to screen doth decks push up to 6,000 amps current into a circuit. The current is safe and shock-proof because voltage is low, ranging from approximately 1 1/2 to 16 volts. Workers can do their jobs around electrically-heated screens without special precautions.Heated screens are effective in preventing moisture content of material from causing buildup and blinding. The screen wire is kept at 100 degrees to 130 degrees F depending on character and tonnage of the material processed. This temperature is not high enough to weaken the wire cloth or screen structure, nor does it suffice to drive off moisture held in material. The warm wire stays dry, breaking the surface tension that otherwise would bind damp material to cold, damp metal. This differential orwarm, dry screen wire versus cold, damp material can be maintained economically through transformer control settings.With every opening in the heated screen mesh protected against blinding, there is no guesswork about what size particle will be delivered. A uniform, unvarying quality to meet tough specifications comes through day after day, no matter what the weather. (High humidity makes trouble with unheated screens.) Plants operating heated screens will have no trouble with excessive amounts of fine, dusty material that formerly sifted through reduced meshes on clogged screens.Service life of screen cloth is greatly increased when electric heating ends the punishment of old-fashioned cleaning methods, such as rough pounding or brushing. Blowtorch flames put too much heat in one spot and bouncing chains added to wear and tear. But, screens kept clean and open with electric heating reportedly are seldom mistreated and last up to eight times as long. Heated decks end the threat of pile ups and strains that can break the mesh.Economical operation of electric heating for screens requires one transformer for installations of up to three panels of screen cloth (maximum area 4- x 12-ft). Two transformers are used on longer decks. Any deck (top, center or bottom) can be heated. Electric heating is most desirable of all where a screen surface is hard to get at. Changing heated screens does not involve more unbolting than needed for ordinary screens.In specifying screens to deliver a uniform particle through heated mesh, the first thing to consider is weight per square foot of the wire cloth needed to set up appropriate resistance. Most calculations are based on square openings. Slotted openings must be identified as to width of clear opening, diameter of wire and number of wires per inch before weight per square foot can be found in any screen cloth manufacturer's catalog.Having determined the usable weight per square foot of screen cloth, the next step is to select the size of clear opening needed, making no allowance for reduction in this size as formerly was the case when material stuck to the wires. Heated wires will maintain the clear opening at all times, making it possible to screen finer without blinding.From a wire catalog, select a mesh weighing no more per square foot (can weigh less) than determined using the method above with the clear opening characteristics desired. This often turns out to be a more efficient screen because the wire diameter will be smaller and the percentage of the open area will be greater.For example, where a 1/8-in. clear opening was desired (but often blinded) on unheated screens, the wire diameter was 0.63 and the open area was 44 percent. The cloth weighed 1.43 lb/ft. 2. For a heated 3- x 12-ft screen, the weight must not exceed1.1 lb/ft2. Two options were found in cloth with 1/8-in. clear opening: wire diameter .054 weighing 1.09 lb/ft2providing 48.8 percent open area; and wire diameter .047 weighing 0.85 lb/ft2 with a 52.8 percent open area.Load conditions may make fine diameters of carbon steel wire inadequate. In such cases, stainless steel wire of larger diameter with greater load-carrying capacity will have the necessary resistance for good heating.Lighter wire with more open area yields higher tonnage and heated mesh stays open 100 percent. Two screen cloths connected in a series may be of different mesh sizes or clear openings, as long as they both weigh the same per ft2and do not exceed the weight allowed for that particular size of screen.With heated screens, major savings in pollution control are possible. Also moisture content of material is reportedly increased in a range of 5 to 8 percent. This moisture is added during or after crushing-grinding operations and holds down dust during transfer of material and passage over heated screens. Warm wire handles 5 to 8 percent moisture in stride. The cost of heating equipment and mist spraying reportedly is less than the cost of having bag towers and precipitators.振动筛的选择振动筛的选择原则：选择振动筛的原则是所选择的振动筛要节省空间、重量并且驱动的功率要小，因为筛选表面可以驱动并且发生振动。