机械专业毕业设计英文文献翻译

机械专业毕业设计英文文献翻译
机械专业毕业设计英文文献翻译

英文原文

Study of Inherent Safety Mine hoist based on modern design

methods

Yang Lijie 1, Meng Xiangyun2,Wang Guimei1,Niu Qingna1

1 Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China

Yanglijie255@https://www.360docs.net/doc/5a16632222.html,

2 China Telecom Handan Company, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China Abstract—As a modern security design, Inherent Safety means that equipment and facilities is able to contain the inherent fundamental features to prevent accidents. Mine hoist is the most important equipment in the coal production. How to achieve safe, reliable, efficient production has been the focus study at home and abroad. Inherent safety is reflected in hoist design, primarily through the design measures to improve the operation of hoist safety and reliability. In this paper, Inherent Safety theory is applied in the design of mine hoist, to proposed the design method by using the software of PRO/E PLC, Labview etc..

Keywords-Mine hoist; Inherent Safety; PRO/E; PLC; Labview

I. INTRODUCTION

In coal production, mine hoist is the equipment to carry coal, gangue, materials, workers and equipments along the rockshaft, the only way linked underground and aboveground, known as mine throat. Mine hoist is a large-scale reciprocating machinery which has the feature of own big inertia, load changes, running speed, and wide range et al.. The advantages and disadvantages of its operating performance, not only directly affect the normal production and coal production efficiency, but also relate to equipment and personal safety. In recent years, mine hoist failures and accidents have happened at home and abroad which have paid a heavy price to coal companies. Therefore, the production technology and safety of mine hoist are higher, and its mechanical manufacturing technology and electrical control technology has been an important research area to the international machine building industry and the electric control industry.

Inherent Safety means that equipment and facilities is able to contain the inherent fundamental features to prevent accidents. Inherent Safety lies in design, through continuous improvement, to prevent accidents due to the equipment itself failures. Inherent safety is reflected in hoist design, primarily through the design measures to improve the operation of hoist safety and reliability. In this paper, Inherent Safety theory is applied in the design of mine hoist, to proposed the inherent safety design method by use the software of PRO/E PLC, Labview etc..

II. INHERENT SAFETY THEORY

The term of inherent safety originates the development of world space technology in the 1950s. The concept is widely accepted closely linked with scientific technological progress and human understanding of safety culture. The concept of inherent safety produced after the World War II which became major safety concept in many industrialized countries since the mid 20th century.

Inherent safety design as the basic method of hazard control, by selecting safe materials, process routes, mechanical equipment, devices, to eliminate or control hazards source rather than relying on "additional" security measures or management measures to control them. As inherent safety design, firstly analyze and identify hazards that may occur in system, and then choose the best methods to eliminate, control hazards, which reflected in project design.

Ⅲ. THE DESIGN OF INHERENT SAFETY MINE HOIST Mine hoist mainly includs the working device, control system, transmission system and drag, protection systems and other components. To the inherent safety mine hoist design, mainly the mechanical system, control system and monitor system is the major part to considered.

A.In-depth investigations to find malfunction

The concept of inherent safety is required safety all the time in the product design process. That is, the equipment has little malfunction as much as possible during the operation and has long normal operation cycle length. How can design inherent safety equipment, the most important thing is understanding enough to the equipment, especially in work. After in-depth research, fully understanding the situation, try the best to reduce or eliminate the fault in the design. After in-depth understanding of research, design product.

B. Mechanical System

The traditional method of product has long design cycle, high costs. However, the virtual prototype technology has the advantage in saving the design cost, shortening the design circle, by using the method of modeling, simulation first and then builds the physical prototype. Therefore, the virtual design is the developing trends of mechanical design. In mechanical system design, the application of virtual prototype is used to design mine hoist, not only speeded up the design process, also simulated a variety of conditions to the virtual prototype to discover design faults, to improve the design, to improve mine hoist performance.

Mine hoist mechanical system is composed of spindle, roller, reducer, motor, brakes and other components. In its design, virtual design software PRO / E is applied to establish hoist prototype, application of simulation software ADAMS is used to simulate and optimize the design. Specific process shown in Figure 1:

Figure 1. Mechanical system design

C. Control system design

Mine hoist control system includes start, run, brake, etc., the requirements in control system are:

In normal hoist operation, participation in hoist speed control, brake the hoist when reaching the destination, known as the service braking;

In case of emergency, can quickly slow down as required, brake hoist, to prevent the expansion of the accident, that is the safety braking; Participate in the hoist speed control when decelerati; To double-roller hoist, should brake the moving roller and fix roller respectively when regulating rope length, replacement level and changing rope, so that, moving roller would not move when spindle rotates with the fixed roller.

Most of mine hoists in China (more than 70%) use the traditional electric control system (tkd-a as the representative). Tkd control system is composed of relay logic circuits, large air contactors, tachometer generator etc., which is a touch control system. After years of development, tkd-a series of electric control system has formed its own characteristics, but its shortcomings are obvious. Its electrical circuit is too complicated, multi-line, causing hoist parking and accidents occurred due to electrical fault. With the computer and digital technology, to form a digital hoist control system

of PLC has become possible. PLC control system has high control precision, parameter stability, simple hardware structure, self-diagnostic capability and communication networking function.

Mine hoist control system based on PLC technology structure shown in Figure 2, mainly including the following components: the main plc control circuits, hoist route detection and display circuits, speed detection, and signal circuits. The PLC of the main control circuits uses Mitsubishi FX2N series in Japan which more domestic applications.

Figure 2 PLC electric control system

D. Monitoring system design

To ensure safe operation of the hoist, except for selecting the reasonable operation design parameters, the use of advanced control system, should also monitor the technological parameters on regular, conscientiously do performance test work to master the hoist performance, discover the defects in time, eliminate hidden danger,

avoid unnecessary losses. In addition, the hoist operation state can be improved to work in the best conditions based on test data. Therefore, the hoist could work safely, reliably, have high efficiency, and extend its work life.

Virtual instrument technology is computer-based instrumentation and measurement technology, is loaded some software and hardware on the computer with similar appearance and performance of the actual independent instrument. The user operating the computer, like manipulating a especially conventional electronic devices designed theirs. The essence of virtual instrument technology is that hardware softwarized technology, take full advantage of the latest computer technology to implement and expand the functions of traditional instruments.

LabVIEW (laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) is a graphical programming and development environment, also known as "G" language. It is widely used by industry, academia and research laboratories, accepted as the standard data acquisition and instrument control software. LabVIEW not only provides and complies with all the functions of hardware and data acquisition cards communications of GPIB, VXI, RS-232 and RS-485 protocol, and built-in library functions support for TCP / IP, ActiveX and other software standards. The software for scientists and engineers is a programming language, it provides a simple, intuitive graphical programming mode, saves a lot of development time, has complete function, best embodied style of virtual instrument.

In response to these circumstances, developed a mine hoist Integrate Performance Monitoring System based on virtual instrument LabVIEW-based. Show in Figure 3. With signal conditioning and data acquisition card to receive signals from sensors, then sent the received signal to the virtual instrument software platform, enables the following features:

(1)show speed, acceleration, braking time, displacement, oil pressure, delay time and other relevant parameters in digital, and display speed, acceleration, traction, displacement and hydraulic curves.

(2)Dynamically monitor the hydraulic oil pressure and oil pump running station, based on these parameters to avoid important braking system failure.

(3)Test brake air travel time, relay delay time and other time parameters.

(4)inquiry to the measured curve and hoist parameters; print a test report.

Figure 3. Diagram of test system

The monitoring system has characteristics such as compact, light weight, high precision, testing convenient and flexible, feature-rich software etc.. the system can not only display automatically test results, but also finish multiple functions, for example , data transmission, analysis, processing, storage and report printing. The system is high precision, can easily monitor the hoist operation state, to ensure the reliability of hoist operation.

Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, used virtual design software to design the hoist mechanical system, PLC to design control system, applied virtual instrument software-LABVIEW to design monitor system. Therefore, the mine hoist designed has good mechanical properties and safe operation, monitoring easy.

REFERENCES

[1] Weng qishu. The inherent safety and checks of cabin[J]. navigation

Technology 2006 (3):50-52. (in Chinese)

[2] Li jangbo. Study of Test System of Composite Characteristic of Devices Based on

Virtual instrument[D]. A Dissertation Submitted to Hebei University of

Engineering For the Academic Degree of Master of Engineering, 2007. (in

Chinese)

[3] Wang chengqin, Li wei , Meng baoxing et al... Random vibration testing system of

hoisting gear based on virtual instrument. Coal mine machinery, 2008(4) :118-120.

(in Chinese)

[4] Chen baozhi Wu min. concept and practices of inherent safety[J]. Journal of

Safety Science and Technology,2008(6):79-83. (in Chinese)

[5] Xu chenyi, Wu yongdong, Huanghe et al.. A PLC-based mine hoist control system

design [J]. LC&FA, 2008(10):52-56 (in Chinese)

中文译文

基于现代设计方法的矿井提升机内在安全性的研究

Yang Lijie 1, Meng Xiangyun2,Wang Guimei1,Niu Qingna1

1河北工程大学,河北邯郸,056038,中国

Yanglijie255@https://www.360docs.net/doc/5a16632222.html,

2中国电信邯郸分公司,河北邯郸,056038,中国

摘要:作为一个现代的安全设计,内在的安全性意味着设备和设施能够包含防止事故发生的固有基本特征。矿山提升机是煤炭生产中最重要的设备。如何获得安全、可靠、效率高的产品,已经成为国内外研究的焦点。内在安全性在提升机的设计中主要体现在通过设计方法来提高操作提升机的安全性和可靠性。在本文中,把内在安全性理论应用到了矿井提升机的设计中,利用PRO/E、PLC、Labview 等软件提出了设计方法。

关键字:矿用提升机;内在安全性;PRO/E;PLC;Labview

Ⅰ.介绍

在煤矿生产中,矿井提升机是沿着岩石竖井携带煤炭、煤矸石、材料、工人和其他设施的设备,竖井是唯一的和地上地下连接的方式,就是我们所知的煤矿的喉咙。矿井提升机是一种具有的大惯性、负荷变化、运行速度快等特征的大型往复式机械。它本身操作性能的优点和缺点不仅直接影响到正常的产量和煤炭生产效率,而且关系着设备和人身安全。近年来,在国内外发生的矿用提升机失效和意外情况,已经让煤炭企业付出了沉重的代价。因此,生产技术和矿用提升机的安全性越高,那么它的机械制造技术与电气控制技术就会成为一个国际机械建筑行业和电气控制行业的重要研究领域。

本质安全性意味着设备和设施能够包含防止事故发生的本质基本特征。本质安全性在于设计、通过持续的改进,才能避免由于设备本身的失效而造成的事故,本质安全性在提升机的设计中主要体现在通过设计方法来提高操作提升机的安全性和可靠性。在本文中,把本质安全性理论应用到了矿井提升机的设计中,利用PRO/E、PLC、Labview等软件提出了设计方法。

Ⅱ.本质安全理论

长期的固有安全性源于世界空间技术在20世纪50年代的发展。这个概念被广泛的认为是科学技术进步与人类对安全文化了解的密切联系。在第二次世界大战后产生的本质安全性概念成为20世纪中期以来许多工业化国家的主要安全概念。

作为危险控制的基本方法,本质安全设计是通过选择安全的材料、工艺路线、机械设备、装置以消除或控制危险源,而不是依赖“额外的”的安全措施或管理措施来控制他们。作为本质安全设计,首先应分析并找出可能出现在系统里的危险,然后选择最佳的方法来消除、控制危险,这个方法反映在项目设计中。

Ⅲ.矿用提升机的本质安全设计

矿井提升机主要包括工作装置、控制系统、传输系统和阻力、保护系统以及其他组成部分。在本质安全的矿井提升机设计中,机械系统、控制系统和监控系统是需要考虑的主要部分。

A:深入调查发现故障

本质安全性的概念是指在产品的设计过程中一直需要安全性。也就是说,设备应尽可能少的在运行过程中出现故障,并且具有长期的正常运行周期。怎样才能设计出本质安全的设备,最重要的是能足够了解设备,尤其是在工作的时候。经过深入研究、充分了解情况,然后尽可能减少或消除设计中的缺陷。在深层研究的了解后,设计出产品。

B .机械系统

传统的产品设计方法周期长、成本高。然而,虚拟现实技术通过采用建模、仿真,然后建立物理原型的方法从而有了节约设计成本、缩短设计周期的优势。因此,虚拟设计是机械设计发展的必然趋势。在机械系统设计中,应用虚拟样机来设计矿用提升机,不仅提高了设计速度,而且模拟了虚拟样机的各种情况以发现设计错误,提高设计、改善矿井提升机的性能。

矿井提升机的机械系统由主轴、卷筒、减速器、电机、刹车和其他组成部分。在它的设计中,虚拟设计软件PRO / E是用来建立提升机原型的,模拟软件ADAMS是用来模拟和优化设计的。具体过程如图1所示:

图.1机械系统设计

C.控制系统设计

矿井提升机控制系统包括启动、运行、刹车等,控制系统的要求是:

在正常的提升机操作中,参与提升机的速度控制,到达目的地的时候制动提升机,称为制动服务;

万一发生紧急情况,可以根据要求快速慢下来,制动提升机,以防止事故的扩大,也就是安全制动;

在减速的时候参与提升机的速度控制;

对于双滚筒提升机,在调节钢丝绳长度、更换水平和变化的钢丝绳时,应该分别制动活动卷筒和固定卷筒。这样以来,当主轴随固定卷筒一起转时,活动卷筒就不能动了。

中国的大部分矿井提升机(70%以上)使用传统的电气控制系统(以TKD-A 作为代表)。TKD控制系统由逻辑电路、大型空气接触器、转速发电机等部分组成,是一个触摸控制系统。经过多年的发展,TKD-A系列电动控制系统已经形成了自身的特点,但其存在的缺陷显而易见。其电路过于复杂、多线,由于电路故障使提升机造成停车和事故的发生。通过运用计算机和数字技术,形成一个数字化提升机的PLC控制系统已成为可能。PLC控制系统具有较高的控制精度、参数稳定、简单的硬件结构、自诊断能力和网络通信功能。

基于PLC控制技术的矿井提升机控制系统结构如图2所示,主要包括以下几个部分:主要PLC控制电路、提升机路线的检测和显示电路、速度检测和信号电路。PLC的主要控制电路多采用在国内应用很多的日本三菱FX2N系列。

图.2 PLC电子控制系统

D .监测系统设计

为了确保提升机的安全运行,除了选择合理的操作设计参数、采用先进的控制系统之外,还应该定期监控技术参数、时常做性能测试工作以掌握提升机性能、及时发现缺陷、消除隐患、避免不必要的损失。此外,通过测试数据还可以改善

提升机的操作状态达到最佳工作状况。因此,提升机可以安全、可靠、高效率的运行以延长其运行寿命。

虚拟仪器技术是基于计算机的仪器和测试技术,被装载一些计算机上的硬件和软件且具有相似的外观和性能的现实独立仪器。使用这台计算机的用户,就像操纵了一个特殊的设计其本身的传统电子设备虚拟仪器技术其本质就是把硬件软件化的技术,充分利用先进的电脑技术来补充和扩展传统仪器的功能。

LabVIEW(实验室虚拟仪器工程工作台)是一种图形化程序和开发环境,也被称为“G”的语言。它被广泛地用工业、学术界和研究实验室,作为标准的数据采集和仪器控制软件。LabVIEW中不仅提供和支持了所有硬件和数据采集卡的GPIB,VXI总线,RS - 232和RS - 485通信协议,而且建立了支持TCP / IP,ActiveX和其他软件标准的内置库函数。此软件对科学家和工程师来说是一个编程语言,它提供了一个简单、直观的图形编程模式,节省了大量的开发时间,功能齐全,最佳的体现了虚拟仪器的类型。

针对上述情况,研制出了基于虚拟仪器LabVIEW的矿井

提升机综合性能监控系统。如图3所示。通过信号处理和数据采集卡从传感器那里接收信号,然后把接收的信号送到虚拟仪器软件平台,具有以下特点:

(1)数字化的显示速度、加速度、制动时间、位移、油压、延迟时间和其他相关参数,并且显示速度、加速度,牵引力、位移与液压曲线。

(2)动态监测液压油压力和油泵运行站,基于这些参数来避免重要制动系统的失败。

(3)测试刹车空载时间,继电器延时时间和其他时间参数。

(4)调查实测曲线和提升机参数;打印测试报告。

图.3 测试系统图表

此监控系统具有体积小、重量轻、精度高、测试方便、灵活、富有特色软件等特点。该系统不仅可以显示自动测试的结果,也可以完成的多种功能,例如数据传输、分析、处理、存储和报告打印。该系统具有较高的计算精度,可以很轻易地监控提升机的运行状态,以保持提升机操作的可靠性。

Ⅳ.结论

在本文中,通过使用虚拟设计软件设计提升机的机械系统,通过可编程序控制器(PLC)设计控制系统,应用虚拟仪器软件-LABVIEW设计监控系统。因此,这种矿井提升机的设计有良好力学性能和运行安全性和监测方便的特点。

参考文献

[1] 翁启书。客舱的本质安全和检查[J].

导航技术,2006(3):50-52.(中文)

[2] 李江波。基于虚拟仪器的复合材料设备测试系统的研究[D].

一篇河北工程大学的工程硕士学位论文,2007年。(中文)

[3] 王成勤, 李伟, 孟宝兴等。基于虚拟仪器的

提升机齿轮随机性振动测试系统[J]。煤矿机械,2008(4):

118-120.(中文)

[4] 陈宝志, 吴敏.本质安全性的概念和实践[J].安全科

学杂志,2008(6):79-83.(中文)

[5] 徐晨怡, 吴永东, 黄赫等.一个基于plc的矿井

提升机控制系统设计[J].LC&FA,2008(10):52-56(中文)

冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译

Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部-(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用-状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译460数字控制 (2)

附录 科技译文: Numerical Control Numerical Control(NC) is a method of controlling the movements of machineComponents by directly inserting coded instructions in the form of numerical data(numbers and data ) into the system.The system automatically interprets these data and converts to output signals. These signals ,in turn control various machine components ,such as turning spindles on and off ,changing tools,moving the work piece or the tools along specific paths,and turning cutting fluits on and off. In order to appreciate the importer of numerical control of machines ,let’s briefly review how a process such as machining has been carried out traditionally .After studying the working drawing of a part, the operator sets up the appropriate process parameters(such as cutting speed ,feed,depth of cut,cutting fluid ,and so on),determines the sequence of operations to be performed,clamps the work piece in a workholding device such as chuck or collet ,and proceeds to make the part .Depending on part shape and the dimensional accuracy specified ,this approach usually requires skilled

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金,洪城铱昌,宰瑾李, 刘链柱译 摘要:旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率,压降,并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50%的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积,体直径,减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法,用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词:吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子,工作场所,或其他建筑,因此,室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物,毒物,食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤,预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中,吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间,以及纸过滤器也应定期更换,由于压力下降,气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形,在粗颗粒(>2.0微米)模式为主要的外部来源,如风吹尘,海盐喷雾,火山,从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放,以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式,典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克,可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

机械专业外文翻译(中英文翻译)

外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed,belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost.Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so.Nowadays,bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine).The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance.An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth,soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits.For load sharing on multiple drives.torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology,at present many more reliable.Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1.1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters.With a full-voltage starter design,the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive.Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors.With direct fu11-voltage starters.no control is provided for various conveyor loads and.depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements,empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load.The maintenance-free starting system is simple,low-cost and very reliable.However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque;therefore.they are

机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译204机电一体化

附录 INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY (From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY)ABSTRACT Machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development. Key word:integration of machinery ,technology,present situation ,product t,echnique of manufacture ,trend of development 0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. 1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology,

毕业设计英文翻译

使用高级分析法的钢框架创新设计 1.导言 在美国,钢结构设计方法包括允许应力设计法(ASD),塑性设计法(PD)和荷载阻力系数设计法(LRFD)。在允许应力设计中,应力计算基于一阶弹性分析,而几何非线性影响则隐含在细部设计方程中。在塑性设计中,结构分析中使用的是一阶塑性铰分析。塑性设计使整个结构体系的弹性力重新分配。尽管几何非线性和逐步高产效应并不在塑性设计之中,但它们近似细部设计方程。在荷载和阻力系数设计中,含放大系数的一阶弹性分析或单纯的二阶弹性分析被用于几何非线性分析,而梁柱的极限强度隐藏在互动设计方程。所有三个设计方法需要独立进行检查,包括系数K计算。在下面,对荷载抗力系数设计法的特点进行了简要介绍。 结构系统内的内力及稳定性和它的构件是相关的,但目前美国钢结构协会(AISC)的荷载抗力系数规范把这种分开来处理的。在目前的实际应用中,结构体系和它构件的相互影响反映在有效长度这一因素上。这一点在社会科学研究技术备忘录第五录摘录中有描述。 尽管结构最大内力和构件最大内力是相互依存的(但不一定共存),应当承认,严格考虑这种相互依存关系,很多结构是不实际的。与此同时,众所周知当遇到复杂框架设计中试图在柱设计时自动弥补整个结构的不稳定(例如通过调整柱的有效长度)是很困难的。因此,社会科学研究委员会建议在实际设计中,这两方面应单独考虑单独构件的稳定性和结构的基础及结构整体稳定性。图28.1就是这种方法的间接分析和设计方法。

在目前的美国钢结构协会荷载抗力系数规范中,分析结构体系的方法是一阶弹性分析或二阶弹性分析。在使用一阶弹性分析时,考虑到二阶效果,一阶力矩都是由B1,B2系数放大。在规范中,所有细部都是从结构体系中独立出来,他们通过细部内力曲线和规范给出的那些隐含二阶效应,非弹性,残余应力和挠度的相互作用设计的。理论解答和实验性数据的拟合曲线得到了柱曲线和梁曲线,同时Kanchanalai发现的所谓“精确”塑性区解决方案的拟合曲线确定了梁柱相互作用方程。 为了证明单个细部内力对整个结构体系的影响,使用了有效长度系数,如图28.2所示。有效长度方法为框架结构提供了一个良好的设计。然而,有效长度方法的

Manufacturing Engineering and Technology(机械类英文文献+翻译)

Manufacturing Engineering and Technology—Machining Serope kalpakjian;Steven R.Schmid 机械工业出版社2004年3月第1版 20.9 MACHINABILITY The machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors: 1、Surface finish and integrity of the machined part; 2、Tool life obtained; 3、Force and power requirements; 4、Chip control. Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by becoming entangled in the cutting zone. Because of the complex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below. 20.9.1 Machinability Of Steels Because steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain so-called free-machining steels. Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (second-phase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small; this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in

机械类毕业设计外文翻译

本科毕业论文(设计) 外文翻译 学院:机电工程学院 专业:机械工程及自动化 姓名:高峰 指导教师:李延胜 2011年05 月10日 教育部办公厅 Failure Analysis,Dimensional Determination And

Analysis,Applications Of Cams INTRODUCTION It is absolutely essential that a design engineer know how and why parts fail so that reliable machines that require minimum maintenance can be designed.Sometimes a failure can be serious,such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speed.On the other hand,a failure may be no more than a nuisance.An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in an automobile cooling system.The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant,a condition that is readily detected and corrected.The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude.Generally speaking,dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulty than static loads,and therefore,fatigue strength must be considered.Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle.For example,brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved. Many people mistakingly interpret the word failure to mean the actual breakage of a part.However,a design engineer must consider a broader understanding of what appreciable deformation occurs.A ductile material,however will deform a large amount prior to rupture.Excessive deformation,without fracture,may cause a machine to fail because the deformed part interferes with a moving second part.Therefore,a part fails(even if it has not physically broken)whenever it no longer fulfills its required function.Sometimes failure may be due to abnormal friction or vibration between two mating parts.Failure also may be due to a phenomenon called creep,which is the plastic flow of a material under load at elevated temperatures.In addition,the actual shape of a part may be responsible for failure.For example,stress concentrations due to sudden changes in contour must be taken into account.Evaluation of stress considerations is especially important when there are dynamic loads with direction reversals and the material is not very ductile. In general,the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure,which include the following. ——Stress ——Deformation ——Wear ——Corrosion ——Vibration ——Environmental damage ——Loosening of fastening devices

毕业设计_英语专业论文外文翻译

1. Introduction America is one of the countries that speak English. Because of the special North American culture, developing history and the social environment, American English has formed its certain unique forms and the meaning. Then it turned into American English that has the special features of the United States. American English which sometimes also called United English or U.S English is the form of the English language that used widely in the United States .As the rapid development of American economy, and its steady position and strong power in the world, American English has become more and more widely used. As in 2005, more than two-thirds of English native speakers use various forms of American English. The philologists of the United States had divided the English of the United States into four major types: “America n creating”; “Old words given the new meaning”; “Words that eliminated by English”;“The phonetic foreign phrases and the languages that are not from the English immigrates”[1]. Compared to the other languages, American English is much simple on word spelling, usage and grammar, and it is one of the reasons that American English is so popular in the world. The thesis analyzes the differences between American English and British English. With the main part, it deals with the development of American English, its peculiarities compared to that of British English, its causes and tendency. 2. Analyses the Differences As we English learners, when we learning English in our junior or senior school, we already came across some words that have different spellings, different pronunciations or different expressions, which can be represented by following contrasted words: spellings in "color" vs. "colour"; pronunciations in "sec-re-ta-ry" vs. "sec-re-try";

机械专业中英文对照翻译大全.

机械专业英语词汇中英文对照翻译一览表 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing

尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker

机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全

机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus

机械类毕业设计外文文献翻译

沈阳工业大学工程学院 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 毕业设计(论文)题目:工具盒盖注塑模具设计 外文题目:Friction , Lubrication of Bearing 译文题目:轴承的摩擦与润滑 系(部):机械系 专业班级:机械设计制造及其自动化0801 学生姓名:王宝帅 指导教师:魏晓波 2010年10 月15 日

外文文献原文: Friction , Lubrication of Bearing In many of the problem thus far , the student has been asked to disregard or neglect friction . Actually , friction is present to some degree whenever two parts are in contact and move on each other. The term friction refers to the resistance of two or more parts to movement. Friction is harmful or valuable depending upon where it occurs. friction is necessary for fastening devices such as screws and rivets which depend upon friction to hold the fastener and the parts together. Belt drivers, brakes, and tires are additional applications where friction is necessary. The friction of moving parts in a machine is harmful because it reduces the mechanical advantage of the device. The heat produced by friction is lost energy because no work takes place. Also , greater power is required to overcome the increased friction. Heat is destructive in that it causes expansion. Expansion may cause a bearing or sliding surface to fit tighter. If a great enough pressure builds up because made from low temperature materials may melt. There are three types of friction which must be overcome in moving parts: (1)starting, (2)sliding, and(3)rolling. Starting friction is the friction between two solids that tend to resist movement. When two parts are at a state of rest, the surface irregularities of both parts tend to interlock and form a wedging action. To produce motion in these parts, the wedge-shaped peaks and valleys of the stationary surfaces must be made to slide out and over each other. The rougher the two surfaces, the greater is starting friction resulting from their movement . Since there is usually no fixed pattern between the peaks and valleys of two mating parts, the irregularities do not interlock once the parts are in motion but slide over each other. The friction of the two surfaces is known as sliding friction. As shown in figure ,starting friction is always greater than sliding friction . Rolling friction occurs when roller devces are subjected to tremendous stress which cause the parts to change shape or deform. Under these conditions, the material in front of a roller tends to pile up and forces the object to roll slightly uphill. This changing of shape , known as deformation, causes a movement of molecules. As a result ,heat is produced from the added energy required to keep the parts turning and overcome friction. The friction caused by the wedging action of surface irregularities can be overcome

相关文档
最新文档