10. 主从复合句

熟读深思
My mother was cooking in the kitchen while［1］ I was doing my school assignments. As soon as［2］ I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the door bell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before［3］I could open it. We were surprised the moment［4］we saw her because［5］ her clothes and face were terribly dirty. She looked much poorer than［6］ we expected. Since［7］ we didn’t know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sister’s story .
7. that引导名词性从句时，没有任何意义， 也不作任何句子成分；但that引导定语从句 时，它代表先行词，而且在从句中作主语、 宾语或表语。如： I still remember the promise that he made.我 依然记得他许下的诺言。(定语从句) The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise.那个淘气的男孩 保证说他以后再也不吵闹了。(同位语从句)
熟读深思 1.主语从句。What (=the thing that)在主语从 句中作主语。 2.表语从句。从句本身意思完整，也不缺任何 句子成分，所以用that引导。 3.同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容， 因doubt(疑惑)的意思本身是不确定的，故由 whether引导。 4.同位语从句。说明the cause的具体内容。 5.主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健 康些。
4. as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、 表语或动词必须置于句首；though引导让 步状语从句时，这些成分可置于句首也可 用正常语序；但although等其他词引导的 让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。
5. 表示“虽然” 的连词不能与表示“但是” 的连词but连用； 表示“原因” 的because 等连词不可与表示结果的连词so等同时使 用。
What’s more, if she wants to lose weight, she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day. Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise［9］. Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o’clock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports. Thanks to Professor Wang, Mary has become much healthier now. 汉语译文：我的同学玛丽感到很焦虑，因为这 段时间她胖了很多而且经常生病。她怀疑自己 是否吃了太多含有高脂肪或高糖的快餐。而且 高考将近,她的心理压力很大，所以这几天总是 睡不好。
熟读深思 1. 用于对比两件事，意思是“而……”用while， 不能用when/as代替。 2. as soon as引导时间状语从句, 表示“一…… 就……”。 3. before表示“还没来得及就……”。 4. 名词词组如the moment/ the second/the day/ the first time/next time... 等可以用来引导时间状 语从句。 5.引导表示原因的从句时用because, 引导原因状 语从句时一般放在主句之后, 而如果只是名词性 短语表示原因, 则用because of。
汉语译文：我妈妈在厨房做饭，而我在做作业。 我一做完作业就去拿水喝，这时门铃响了。然而， 我还没来得及打开门，我的妹妹就用钥匙打开了 门。我们看见她时，非常惊讶，因为她的衣服和 脸非常脏。她看起来比我们预料的更可怜。因为 我们不知道发生了什么事，我们站在那等着我妹 妹讲她的故事。除非她告诉我们这一切，否则我 们是不会离开的。
We wouldn’t leave unless［8］my sister told us all about it. After［9］my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch when［10］she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside . She couldn’t get out of the ditch. Although ［11］ she cried for help loudly, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, however［12］ hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. As［13］time went by, she got worried.
After several vain attempts she had to stand where［14］she was and waited until ［15］a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did as ［16］ the boy told , so that［17］ she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when ［18］walking on a path even though/if［19］ we are in a great hurry. That’s true. We should mind our step so that［20］we can ensure our safety.
主从复合句
要点：
1.主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用 单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。
2.表语从句还可以用as if， as though引导。
3.表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或 whether，但在介词后或直接与or not连用时， 只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位 语从句或位于句首的主语从句时，只 能用whether，不用if。
Hale Waihona Puke 6.主语从句。去哪里咨询、向谁咨询，故分别由 where, who引导。 7.同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从 句内容完整也不缺任何句子成分，故由that引导。 8.宾语从句。从句内容完整也不缺句子成分，故 由that引导。 9.宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。
状语从句
要点：
我妹妹换了衣服之后，就把一切都告诉了我们。 她在去乡下叔叔家的路上不小心掉进了一个水 沟里，上不来，虽然她大声求救，但是没有人 能听到。她试图爬出来，但是无论她怎么努力， 都没能爬出来。时间一分一秒地过去了，她开 始担忧起来。几经徒劳的尝试之后，她只好站 在原处等待。直到一个男孩经过，帮助了她。 男孩把一根长绳索递给她并叫她拉着绳子爬上 来，她按男孩所说的去做，结果就爬出来了。 我妹妹也警告我们，即使赶时间，走小路时也 要小心。确实，我们走路小心就可以确保我们 的安全。
So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions. But where she could get better suggestions and who will give her better advice［6］ also puzzle her. It is her parents’ suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital［7］. Professor Wang suggests that she keep a balanced diet first［8］. She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and protein.
4. 同位语从句一般放在fact，news，idea， promise，suggestion，advice 等抽象名词之后， 说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容。多用 that引导，不能由which引导。 5. 当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形式宾 语。 6. 在表示“建议” “命令” “要求”，如 advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，request等词后的名词性从句，其谓 语通常 用“(should＋)动词原形”。
8.what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语 从句。what引导名词性从句，有时相当于 “the +名词＋that”，表示“(所)……的”。 如： What(=The thing that) you said was right. 你所说的是正确的。
熟读深思
What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days［1］ is that she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill［2］. She has some doubts whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar［3］. Also, with the college entrance examination approaching, she becomes more stressful and she couldn’t sleep well these days. Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days［4］, she thinks. How she becomes slimmer and healthier［5］ has been her main task.