高中动词不定式的用法

4. 作表语
不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。
My work is to clean the room every day.
我的梦想是成为一名医生。
His dream is to be a doctor.
我的工作是帮助病人。
My job is to help the patient
5. 作定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往 表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.
做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。
要学好英语不是那么容易的。
e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.
2. 作宾语 她喜欢谈论这件事情。 e.g. She loves to talk about the matter. 他希望不久能找到工作。 He hopes to find a job soon. 他答应不把这事告诉任何人。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.
• 9. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事
• Stop to have a rest if you are tired
• 10. stop doing sth 停止做某事
• Although it rained heavily , the farmers didn’t stop working in the field 虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停 止在田间劳动
doing指经常性动作，而 to do指一次性的动作。 I like swimming，but I don‘t like to swim now． 我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。 begin\start to do sth begin\start doing sth
提示板：
• 后面只接动名词做宾的动词
定义
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由
“to+动词原形” 构成，没有人称和
数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特
征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、补足语、
表语、定语、状语等。
一. 不定式在句中的功能
1. 作主语:
眼见为实.
To see is to believe.
为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象，常用it
to前。
请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
她检查名字为了不犯错误。
She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
三. 不定式的时态： 1. 一般时表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。 He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2. 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。 I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
• 7. mean to do sth 打算做某事 • We mean to travel abroad next year
• 我们明年打算去国外旅行
• 8. mean doing sth 意味着
• It means waiting for him another hour
• 这意味着要再等一个小时
巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：
•
• • • • • • •
想要拒绝莫忘记 （want, refuse, forget） 需要努力就学习 （need, try, learn） 喜欢帮助加同意 （like help agree ） 希望决定后开始 （hope, decide, begin, start）
点击规律： 有些动词后面除接不定式外, 还可以接动名词, 意 思区别不大。
Practice
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped C on a big rock by the side of the path. ______ A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
A 2. We’re planning ______ a party next week. A. to have B. have C. having D. had
但是, 改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的to。 e.g. He was seen to break the window.
The policeman saw a child play in the street.
A child was seen to play in the street by
the policeman.
式宾语，把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to work with him.
3. 作宾语补足语:
动词+宾语+带to的不定式 She asked me to stay there. Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
• You must remember to lock the door when you leave
• • • • • • • • • •
2. remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5. try to do sth 努力做某事 He tries to answer each question 6. try doing sth 试着做某事 I tried singing an English song
2) 思考: 巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词 意思有较大的区别？ 记住要努力，（remember want try ) 需要别忘记； (need forget ) 后悔没尽力， ( regret try ) 意思要停止。 ( mean require stop )
返回
• 1. remember to do sth 记住要做某事
tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise,
persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.
在主动结构中, 下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应 省略to: ―五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at) ―三使”(make, let, have) ―两听”(hear, listen to) ―一感觉”(feel)。 e.g. Who made him work all night long? The policeman saw a child play in the street. Don’t make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here?
• • • • • • • •
实践完成听建议 practice finish suggest 习惯继续别放弃 be used to kess be busy mind 不禁考虑会想你 can’t help consider feel like
My brother asked me to clean the room
with him.
常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command,
6. 作状语 目的状语: 常用的结构—to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc.
I come here to say good-bye to you.
结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。
He studied hard only to fail the exam.
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. think/consider/feel/find it + adj.+ to do
点击规律：在find \ feel \ think\ consider + it + adj．+ to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语,
2) 有时不定式由whether引起。 I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry
about it.
3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe,