英语被动语态

(一)语态转换时要注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态 保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
３、“主－谓－宾－宾补”句型变为被动结构时，只将 句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不变。如： 1) I found him lying on the floor. 宾 宾补 He was found lying on the floor. 2) We call her Rose. 宾 宾补 She is called Rose. ４、当主动句中有see/hear/feel/watch/notice/make/ have sb do sth 变为被动句时，do 前要加上to .如： 1) I often hear him sing. He is often heard to sing. 2) They made the boy go to bed early. The boy was made to go to bed early.
被动语态基本用法 当句子的 主语 是动作的执行者 时，谓 语的形式是主动语态 。当句子的主语是 动作的 承受者 时，谓语要用 被动语态 。 被动语态由动词 be+过去分词构成，时 态通过 be 表现出来。
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变
为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
当的介词，如上句还可以说：
保留宾语
四、使用被动语态时应注意：有些动词形式上 主动，意义上是被动，用时特别要小心。 １、可和well等连用的及物动词。 1) My pen writes well. 我的笔好使。 2) The cloth washes well. 这个料子耐洗。 3) The poem reads smoothly. 这首诗读起来很流畅。 ２、be + 形 to do sth. 1) The story is interesting to read. 2) The wine is nice to drink.
练习一
1. My mother made the soup. The soup was made by my mother. 2. Uncle Wang will repair my computer. My computer will be repaired by Uncle Wang. 3. You must clean your room once a week. Your room must be cleaned once a week(by you). 4. The boy broke the window. The window was broken by the boy. 5. The workers are building a new bridge. A new bridge is being built(by the workers).
练习二
1. My parents bought me a bike. I was bought a bike by my parents. A bike was bought for me by my parents. 2. Have they paid you the money? A. Have you been paid the money? B. Has the money been paid to you? 3. He is telling us a funny story. A. We are being told a funny story. B. A funny story is being told to us. • Jack gave Jim a present. Jim was given a present by Jack. A present was given to Jim by Jack.
练习三
1. He told us to wait for him at the school gate. We were told to wait for him at the school gate. 2. We must keep the environment clean. The environment must be kept clean. 3. Mother often makes me finish my homework first. I am often made to finish my homework first. 4. We saw her go out of the school. She was seen to go out of the school. 5. I often hear him read English in the morning. He is often heard to read English in the morning.
6. I can not find my dictionary. My dictionary can not be found by me. 7. Do students learn English in the middle school? Is English learned in the middle school by students?
二、变下列句子为主动句（括号内有词的，用其 作主语） 1. Nobody was found in the room.(they) They found nobody in the room. 2. A new bridge will be built next year.(they) They will build a new bridge next year. 3. The bike must be mended.(Jack) Jack must mend the bike. 4. Keys are used by people for locking doors. People use keys for locking doors. 5. He is being operated on by the doctor. The doctor is operating on him. 6. Children should be taken good care of.(we) We should take good care of children.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.
２、在主－谓－宾结构变为被动语态时，只将其 中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾 语不变，如： 1) He told her a long story. 宾 宾 a. She was told a long story. b. A long story was told to her. 2) Mother bought me a new coat. 宾 宾 a. I was bought a new coat. b. A new coat was bought for me.
3. 现在完成时:have been done has 4. 现在进行时:am is being done are 5.一般将来时：will be done shall 6. 含有情态动词:can may must be done should have to
三、被动语态的用法 １、不知道谁是动作的执行者要用被动语态，如： This jacket is made of cotton. ２、没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时要用被动 语态，如： English is spoken in Britain and America. ３、只需强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态，如： The bridge was built in 1990. 四、把主动句变为被动句的方法：在主谓宾结构中 １、把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句 的主语变为by 短语（没必要时可省），如： Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone was invented by下列句子改为被动语态 1. Many people speak English in the U.S.A. English is spoken by many people in the U.S.A. 2. I will finish the work soon. The work will be finished soon. 3. He bought a bike. A bike was bought by him. 4. You should do the work carefully. The work should be done carefully. 5. They are watering the flowers. The flowers are being watered by them. 6. We heard them sing in the next room. They were heard to sing (by us) in the next room.