五种基本句型及句子成分
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
❖2. 位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
系动词（必背）
❖be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持
*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特
点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
定语
❖ 用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形 容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
简单句的五种句型
英语句子成分和五种基本句型
以上两个句型可以互换： He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义， 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末，有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.
句子成分类型及五大基本句型
初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习句子成分&五种基本句型I【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads Eniglish every day. （代词作主语）（3）Swimming is my favorite sport.（动名词作主语）（4）To have a bridge is their dream .（不定式作主语）（5）What we learn is very useful. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词作谓语）We work hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We like listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。
句子成分和五种基本句型
句子的成分表
类 句中 别 成分 主 主语 要 成 分 谓语 次 表语 要 成 分 宾语 语法意义 例句
句子的主体， 句子的主体，说明 We can speak a little 所说的是“ 所说的是“谁”或 English. 什么” 是“什么” The book is mine. 表示主语的动作， 表示主语的动作， We love our country. 特征或状态 He is watching TV. 位于连系动词之后， 位于连系动词之后，We are busy today. 说明主语的身份、 说明主语的身份、 Knowledge is very important. 特征、 特征、属性或状态 表示动作的对象或 She is reading a book. 行为的承受者 I killed him.
Sb do
1. The sun│rose. │ 2. They │are talking.
基本句型 二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） Ｐ（主
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点： 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思， 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语， 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
• 说明：有些系动词同时也是实义动词，该动词 说明：有些系动词同时也是实义动词， 表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语， 表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语， • 例如： 例如： • He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是 他昨天病了。 是 系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。) 系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。 • He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。 他从梯子上摔下来。 (fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。) 是实义动词， 是实义动词 单独作谓语。 • The soft drinking tastes quite sour. (taste作系动词，不能使用进行时，后 作系动词， 作系动词 不能使用进行时， 面接形容词。 面接形容词。) • The chef is tasting the fish carefully. (作 作 实意动词，使用进行时，并后接副词做状语) 实意动词，使用进行时，并后接副词做状语
英语五个基本句式及句子成分
英语五个基本句式及句子成分（basic sentence patterns and different components ）前言：这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的，请大家，特别是基础比较差的同学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍，慢慢消化当中的知识点，对你们学好英语一定会有很大的帮助的！！ So why not have a try?一、Different components: （各种成分）英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的，主要包括下面这些： 1. 主语 subject (简写S) 2.谓语 predicate 分为：intransitive verb （vi）/ transitive verb (vt) 3. 宾语 object (分为：direct object / indirect object ) (简写O) 4. 宾补 object complement (简写OC) 5. 状语 adverbial 6. 表语 predicative 7. 定语 attributive ## ：No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components. 不管多长的句子，都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词(numeral)，动词不定式，动名词,从句等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！eg: The boy comes from America. （名词作主语） He made a speech. （代词作主语） Two and two is four. （数词作主语）To be a teacher is my dream. （不定式作主语）Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. （动名词作主语） That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语，也就是我们说的主语从句)中文里“某人做某事”做主语时，常用以下句式： to do sth To be a teacher is my dream. doing sth Teaching is his job. That/when从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all. Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud.It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well. It is no use / good doing sth I t is no use crying.It ……从句。
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释
五种基本句型及句子成分名词解释，学好英语的关键！英语句子分为简单句和复合句。
一个简单句中只有一个主谓结构。
复合句是由主句和从句构成，有至少两个主谓结构。
复合句的基础是简单句。
所以，学好简单句格外重要。
一. 简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语+ 谓语Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
（Li Ming是主语；works是谓语。
）The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
（The accident是主语；happened是谓语）Spring is coming.春天就要来了。
（Spring是主语；is coming是谓语。
）2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
（Li Lei是主语，helps是谓语，me是宾语。
）She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
（She是主语，plans是谓语，to travel 是宾语。
）I don’t know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该干什么。
（I是主语；don’t know是谓语，what I should do next是宾语。
）3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
（This kind of food是主语，tastes是系动词，delicious 是表语。
）He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
（He是主语，looked是系动词，worried是表语。
）4. 主语+ 谓语+ 双宾语Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。
（一）主语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 主语是句子陈述的对象，表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。
它是句子的核心成分之一，决定了句子描述的主体。
例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中，“Tom”就是主语，这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。
2. 构成。
- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。
- 名词作主语很常见，如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。
- 代词作主语，例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。
- 数词作主语，像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。
- 动名词作主语，如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。
- 不定式作主语，“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。
- 名词化的形容词作主语，“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。
- 从句作主语，“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。
（二）谓语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
在句子中，谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中，“sings”就是谓语，它描述了Mary的动作。
2. 构成。
- 谓语一般由动词充当，包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
- 实义动词可以独立作谓语，表示具体的动作，如“eat”“drink”“run”等。
例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。
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(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- Soon They all became interested in the subject.
(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
1. 说明粉色部分是句子的什么成分
They are at home now. Seeing is believing. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.
一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
1. 说明红色部分是句子的什么成分
• The black bike is mine. • What’s your name? A broken vase. • I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. • They made paper flowers. • The boy in the room is Jack. • I have something to do. • It is a swimming pool.
句子成分练习
3/22/2022
1. 说明红色部分是句子的什么成分
The girl is pretty. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. I think that he is good guy. They are teachers. My job is to teach English. To see is to believe. Everybody is here. Reading is useful.
划分句子成分
1. You will tell your friend that you’ve got to school.
2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.
(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
Байду номын сангаас
1. 说明红色部分是句子的什么成分
• Leave the door • We found John out when we arrived. • Make yourself at home. • I saw him enter the hall. • The boss keeps them working all day. • I heard my name called. • He did it carefully. • I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. ⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!