国际沟通技巧(English presentation skills)
地道英语口语表达技巧
地道英语口语表达技巧地道英语口语表达技巧汇总学了那么多年English，在真实交流场合我们依然不敢张口，是不是因为我们的表达总是有点Chinglish?掌握以下这些表达技巧，将帮助你的口语瞬间升级，既高级又地道!首先，分清楚使用场合。
在国外这些年，我遇到的口语表达场合基本上可以分成三类：Presentation展示、工作面试用——最正式的一类在工作中与上级、同事沟通用，在银行、移民局、警察局、医院办重要的事(比如被拘留)时用——介于两者之间在生活中和说英语的朋友交流用，和服务业人员交流时用——最随意的一类请注意，在这三个场合，老外眼中的“地道”的意思是不一样的，所以你的用词，说话的模式都应该是不一样的，就像“见什么人说什么话”一样，“在什么场合说什么话”也是很重要的。
然后，再谈技巧。
大概可以分为两类：一类是“词汇类”，一类是“非词汇类”。
词汇类这类就是你可以用到一些“高级”的单词、句式、连词之类。
工作展示Presentation经常做Preseantation就会知道，想取得好的效果并不在乎你中间说了什么，重要的是展示时你是否有自信的气场、PPT是否有吸引力，以及开头和结尾是不是印象深刻、结构清晰和表达流畅(这真的是答主的血泪经验)。
既然要结构清晰和流畅，我认为重要的技巧就是引导词和连词。
连词连词最好准备在你忘词或者这一段已经油尽灯枯说不下去的时候用。
我觉得连词中“高级”的有，但并不高级的那么明显，重要的是，你能在紧张到忘掉演讲词的时候想起来用个高级的连词。
所以我建议你在pre开始前就要想好，比如对自己说“我今天一定要用however 和as long as”。
以下是一些“高级”、“地道”的词：1. HoweverHowever用在句首的效果和but基本一样，而且强调了转折，比起but是一个更好的选择。
听过很多外国人做pre的表示，这个词母语者使用的频率比非母语者高很多。
2. So that在表顺承(仅限表顺承)的时候这是一个比and高级很多的词。
有效的商务英语沟通技巧分享
有效的商务英语沟通技巧分享Effective Business English Communication Skills SharingAs globalization becomes prevalent in today's business world, English has become the universal language for communication. Effective communication skills in English are key to business success. Whether you are presenting to clients, negotiating contracts, or communicating with colleagues, it is important to master the art of effective business English communication. In this article, we will share some essential skills and techniques for effective business English communication.1. Speak Clearly and ConfidentlyClear and confident speaking is vital in business communication. When speaking in English, it is important to enunciate words clearly and use the correct pronunciation. Try to speak confidently and with a clear and concise voice. The listener will pay attention to your word choice and your tone of voice.2. Use Appropriate Language and ToneUsing the appropriate language and tone is essential in effective business communication. Choose language that is clear, concise, and professional. Avoid using slang, jargon, or colloquialisms that are specific to your culture or region. Use a tone of voice that is friendly, helpful, and respectful to engage the listener.3. Listen and Respond AppropriatelyActive listening is a must when engaging in business communication. Listen to the speaker and try to understand their perspective. Respond accordingly with appropriate language and tone. Ask questions if necessary and clarify any misunderstandings. Be attentive and empathetic to the speaker and their concerns.4. Be Prepared and OrganizedPreparation is the key to successful business communication. Before a meeting or presentation, gather all the necessary materials and organize your thoughts. Create an agenda or outline to help you stay on track. Practice your presentation or discussion points beforehand to ensure that you are well-prepared. Be ready to respond to questions and comments in a knowledgeable and concise manner.5. Use Visual AidsVisual aids such as graphs, charts, and images can be effective in business communication. They can help to clarify complex information and engage the listener. Be sure to use appropriate visual aids that are relevant to the topic. Keep them simple and clear, and explain them clearly.6. Be Attentive to Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal communication such as body language, eye contact, and facial expressions can convey more than words alone. Be aware of yournonverbal cues and those of the listener. Use positive body language to show interest and engagement in the conversation. Maintain eye contact to show confidence and sincerity. Use facial expressions to convey emotions or concerns.7. Follow UpFollowing up after a meeting or communication is crucial in business. Send a thank-you note or email to show appreciation for the time and effort of the other party. Recap the discussion points and reiterate any agreements or action items. Keep the lines of communication open and be ready to respond to any further questions or concerns.In conclusion, effective business English communication requires clear and confident speaking, appropriate language and tone, active listening, preparation, effective use of visual aids, attentiveness to nonverbal communication, and follow-up. Mastering these skills and techniques can help to build successful business relationships, improve negotiation skills, and achieve greater success in the global marketplace.。
剑桥商务英语沟通技能
剑桥商务英语沟通技能A. 引言商务英语沟通技能是全球化商业环境中不可或缺的关键能力。
在国际商务交往中，有效地运用英语进行沟通，不仅有助于建立跨文化理解，更对推动商业合作、解决冲突、提升企业竞争力起着决定性作用。
B. IntroductionBusiness English communication skills are indispensable in today's global business landscape. Effectively utilizing English for communication not only fosters cross-cultural understanding but also plays a decisive role in fostering business partnerships, resolving conflicts, and enhancing corporate competitiveness.II. Vocabulary & Grammar MasteryA. 词汇与语法掌握剑桥商务英语要求使用者具备丰富的专业词汇储备及精准的语法应用能力。
这包括熟悉行业术语、经济概念、合同条款等特定表达，以及能够准确运用复杂句型、条件句、被动语态等高级语法结构进行清晰、简洁的表述。
B. Vocabulary & Grammar MasteryCambridge Business English demands a rich vocabulary bank of specialized terms and precise grammar usage. This encompasses familiarity with industry jargon, economic concepts, contract phrases, and the ability to articulate clearly and concisely using advanced structures like complex sentences, conditional clauses, and passive voice.III. Cultural AwarenessA. 文化意识跨文化沟通中，理解并尊重不同商务习俗和社交规范至关重要。
英文谈判交流技巧
英文谈判交流技巧Negotiation is a crucial skill in both personal and professional settings. It requires effective communication, strategic thinking, and the ability to find common ground. In this article, we will discuss some key English negotiation communication skills that can help you achieve successful outcomes in any negotiation scenario.First and foremost, it is important to establish a positive and respectful tone in your communication. This means using polite language, active listening, and showing empathy towards the other party's perspective. By creating a friendly and open atmosphere, you can build trust and rapport, which are essential for reaching a mutually beneficial agreement.Another important skill in negotiation is the ability to clearly articulate your needs and interests. Be specific in stating what you want and why it is important to you. Use persuasive language and provide evidence to support your arguments. Avoid vague or ambiguous statements that can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations.Active listening is also a key component of successful negotiation. Pay close attention to the other party's words, tone, and body language. Ask clarifying questions to ensure that you understand their perspective and concerns. By demonstrating that you are actively engaged in the conversation, you can show respect for the other party and build a foundation for productive dialogue.In addition to listening, effective negotiation also requires the skill of assertiveness. Be confident in expressing your opinions and standing up for your interests. However, it is important to strike a balance between assertiveness and flexibility. Be willing to compromise and find creative solutions that meet the needs of both parties.Furthermore, it is essential to be prepared and organized before entering into any negotiation. Do your research on the other party, their interests, and potential areas of agreement. Develop a clear strategy and set realistic goals for the negotiation. Anticipate possible objections or challenges and be ready to address them with confidence.During the negotiation process, it is important to stay calm and composed, even in the face of disagreements or conflicts. Avoid getting emotional or defensive, as this can hinder productive communication. Instead, focus on finding common ground and exploring win-win solutions that benefit both parties.Lastly, always follow up after a negotiation to ensure that both parties are satisfied with the outcome. Clarify any agreements or action steps that were made during the negotiation and provide a written summary if necessary. By maintaining clear communication and accountability, you can build trust and credibility for future negotiations.In conclusion, mastering English negotiation communication skills is essential for achieving successful outcomes in any negotiation scenario. By establishing a positive tone, articulating your needs, listening actively, being assertive yet flexible, staying prepared and organized, remaining calm and composed, and following up after the negotiation, you can increase your chances of reaching mutually beneficial agreements. Practice these skills regularly and continue to refine your negotiation techniques to become a more effective and successful negotiator.。
我有用的交流技能英语作文
我有用的交流技能英语作文English Answer:In the tapestry of life, communication is the golden thread that binds us together. It enables us to express our thoughts, ideas, and emotions, facilitating understanding, building relationships, and fostering collaboration. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, effective communication skills have become indispensable.One of the most critical communication skills is active listening. It involves paying undivided attention to the speaker, not only with our ears but also with our minds and hearts. By demonstrating empathy, asking clarifying questions, and avoiding distractions, we show the speaker that we value their thoughts and perspectives. In turn,this creates a safe and respectful environment that encourages open and honest communication.Another essential communication skill is the ability tocommunicate clearly and concisely. This means conveying our message in a manner that is easily understood by the intended audience. Whether we are writing an email, giving a presentation, or engaging in a face-to-face conversation, it is crucial to organize our thoughts logically, use appropriate language, and avoid jargon or technical terms that may alienate our listeners. Clarity and conciseness ensure that our message is received and understood as intended.Cultural competence is an increasingly valuable communication skill in our globalized world. It involves understanding and appreciating the cultural differencesthat exist between people from different backgrounds. By recognizing and respecting these differences, we can effectively communicate across cultural boundaries. This includes being aware of nonverbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice, which can vary significantly from culture to culture.Emotional intelligence is closely intertwined with effective communication. It refers to the ability torecognize, understand, and manage our own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. By being emotionally intelligent, we can communicate in a way that is sensitive to thefeelings and needs of others. We can also manage our own emotions effectively, ensuring that they do not hinder our ability to communicate clearly and respectfully.Finally, technology has become an integral part of our communication landscape, offering a myriad of tools and platforms for connecting with others. While technology can enhance communication in many ways, it is important to useit wisely. We must be mindful of the tone and language we use in electronic communications, as they can be easily misinterpreted. Moreover, it is crucial to strike a balance between online and offline communication, ensuring that we still maintain face-to-face interactions that are essential for building strong and meaningful relationships.In conclusion, effective communication skills are essential for navigating the complexities of the modern world. By developing and practicing these skills, we can build bridges of understanding, foster collaboration, andcreate a more connected and harmonious society.中文回答：有效的交流技巧。
《沟通技巧英文》PPT课件
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Clarity
• Clarity demands that the business message should be correct, concise, complete, concrete, and with consideration.
When you will defeat them!”
5
“The place to change the world first is in our own heart & head.
“Human mind is just like parachute, it works when it is open.”
• The secrete of Communication is creating an atmosphe re where people exchange ideas and proposals informall y and freely. The job of communicating is not finished until there is Understanding, Acceptance an Resulting A ction.
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COMMUNICATION SKILLS
The Seven C’s of Communication:1. Clearly. 2. Concisely. 3. Completely. 4. Correctly. 5. Concretely . 6. Courteously. 7. Considerate
“By communications, I mean the simple process of getting information known by one person to the atten tion of the other people who should have this inform ation…”
人与人的交流技巧英语
人与人的交流技巧-英语交流是人类社会中不可或缺的重要环节，而英语作为全球通用语言，掌握好英语交流技巧尤为重要。
在这篇文章中，我将为大家介绍一些人与人交流的技巧，帮助您提高英语交流能力。
1.倾听是最重要的在交流中，倾听是非常关键的一步。
要积极倾听对方说话内容，并确保理解其意思。
尽量避免干扰和打断对方，给予对方足够的时间来表达意见和感受。
通过倾听，我们可以更好地理解对方，并展示出我们的尊重和关注。
2.练习语调和语速语调和语速是英语交流中容易被忽视的方面，但它们对于准确表达自己的意图和理解他人的意思至关重要。
尽量避免语速过快或过慢，要注意停顿和重音。
通过模仿和练习，我们可以改善自己的语调和语速，使交流更加流畅。
3.使用适当的肢体语言肢体语言是交流的重要组成部分，通过适当的肢体语言，我们可以更好地传达信息和情感。
在英语交流中，适度的手势和面部表情可以增强我们的表达，但要避免过度使用，以免造成误解或分散注意力。
要注意与对方保持适当的眼神接触，展示出自己的自信和专注。
4.避免使用缩写和俚语在英语交流中，避免过多使用缩写和俚语是非常重要的。
虽然这些词汇在某些情境下可能非常流行和普遍，但对于初学者或非母语使用者来说，理解和运用它们可能会带来困惑。
建议使用简单明了的语言，确保对方能够准确理解我们的意思。
5.提问和回答技巧在交流中，提问和回答是相互支持的技巧。
如果我们需要进一步了解对方的意见或想法，可以通过适当的提问来引导对话。
同时，对于对方提出的问题，我们要尽力给予明确和准确的回答。
通过良好的提问和回答技巧，我们可以增加交流的深度和广度。
6.适应对方的语言水平在与不同人交流时，要根据对方的英语水平进行适应和调整。
如果对方是非英语母语使用者或英语水平有限，我们应避免使用复杂的词汇和句子结构，并尽量使用简单和清晰的语言来交流。
通过适应对方的语言水平，我们可以更好地与对方沟通，并避免语言障碍。
7.掌握基本礼貌用语在英语交流中，掌握基本的礼貌用语是必要的。
EffectiveCommunicationandPresentationSkills高效沟通与演讲技巧
Effective Communication and Presentation Skills 高效沟通与演讲技巧 You communicate with your boss, your subordinates, your clients, your competitors, etc. First, you will learn the methods to talk smart and always bring across your point. With the efficient communication skills you will learn, you will be a more effective team player, a better listener, and an efficient problem solver. Having presentation skills and being confident in public speaking will increase your career opportunities, as delivering professional presentations to clients and business partners is becoming an essential part of today's business world. The training will take you step-by-step through the process of developing an effective presentation from choice of a topic and organization of materials; you will become a successful speaker and get support from others. 您无时无刻都处在沟通之中:与上司，与下属，与客户，与竞争对手，提升人际关系影响力必须具备良好的沟通能力。
沟通技巧英文版(Communication Skills)
Communication SkillsCONTENTSIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Writing with a Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Speaking with Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Communicating Effectively . . . . . . . . . . . 674 Is Anybody Listening? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 Making Meetings Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351INTRODUCTIONCommunication is a vital part of our daily routines.We sit in school and listen to teachers. Weread books and magazines. We talk to friends, watch television, and communicate over the Internet.The workplace is no different. Experts tell us that70–80 percent of our working time is spent in somekind of communication. We‘re reading and writing memos, listening to our coworkers, or having one-toone conversations with our supervisors.Communication involves at least two people: thesender and the receiver. In this book, we‘ll look atfour types of communication between senders and receivers: writing, speaking, listening, and conducting meetings. Each one is important to your successin the workplace.For example, a poorly written cover letter can prevent you from being hired for a job. On the otherhand, the ability to write effectively and make clear presentations can make the difference between your being promoted or being left behind. As Ken Matejkaand Diane Ramos explain in their book Hook ‗Em: Speaking and Writing to Catch and Keep a Business Audience, ―You need effective, persuasive communication skills for career advancement.‖2 Communication SkillsCommunication skills are especially important when collaborating with a classmate on aproject. (Corbis)A communication skill that‘s often overlooked islistening. Yet recent surveys tell us that we spend 45percent of our time listening. Do we listen carefullyto what people are telling us? According to one study,we hear only one quarter of what‘s being said. Therest of the time we‘re daydreaming or just tuned outcompletely.One sales manager in a printing company tells thestory of needing a job rushed through in 24 hours sohis best customer could have it on time. He gavecareful instructions about the project to the productionsupervisor. But before he could finish, the supervisorhad already stopped listening. He assumed thatIntroduction 3HOW WE SPEND OURCOMMUNICATION TIMEwriting 9%reading 16%talking 30%listening 45%the customer wanted the job three days later, whichwas the usual deadline for most of these projects.When the sales manager went to pick up the job thenext day, it wasn‘t ready. As a result, he almo st lostthe customer. Unfortunately, stories like these arecommon in many organizations.Listening, writing, and speaking are all skills weuse in meetings. Today, meetings are a commonmethod for making decisions. More and more workis done by teams of people who come from differentareas of a company. They accomplish many of theirtasks in team meetings. In these situations, we mustbe able to speak and write clearly so others canunderstand us and listen carefully to what they say.Sadly, we waste many hours in meetings because ofpoor communication. A study by one university estimatedthat $37 billion is lost annually throughunproductive meetings.FACTA recent survey by Beta Research Corp., onbehalf of the New York Times, asked severalhundred hiring managers to name the mostimportant behaviors that job seekers shoulddemonstrate during an interview. ―Effectivecommunication skills‖ and ―confidence in theirabilities‖ topped the managers‘ lists.Listening,writing, andspeaking areall skills we usein meetings.4 Communication SkillsWhether you‘re writing, listening, speaking, orattending meetings, communication skills are criticalto your success in the workplace. In this book, we‘lllook at some of the skills that will enable your communications to be more successful. These include:Understanding the purpose of acommunicationAnalyzing the audienceCommunicating with words as well as withbody languageGiving each communication greater impactIntroduction 5WRITING WITHA PURPOSEJill‘s boss ask ed her to write a memo on a school-towork program. The company where Jill worked wasa leader in the computer software field. A school-towork program would give young people in school achance to be employed part time and to learn thesoftware business. If their work was good, the company might hire them for full-time jobs after theygraduated.―Keep the memo short,‖ Jill‘s boss told her. ―Andstick to the point.‖Jill was supposed to explain the type of program her company should start. She sat down at her computerand began to write. On the first page, she talked abouther own experience in a school-to-work program.Then she described what two of her friends had donein their programs. They had worked part time in other companies. Next she wrote about several school-to-71work programs described in magazines. Five pages later, she finally signed her name.―Well, I think the information my boss wants is inhere somewhere,‖ she said to herself. Then she submitted the memo.Jill‘s boss was a busy person. He received more than50 memos each day, and he didn‘t have time to read every memo completely. A memo writer had to get tothe point quickly. Otherwise, Jill‘s boss would read no further. He read the first paragraph of Jill‘s memo.Then he scanned the second paragraph.―What‘s the point of this memo?‖ he asked himself.He threw up his hands in frustration and threwthe memo away.To write well, express yourself like common people, but think like a wise man. Or, think as wise men do, but speak as common people do.—Aristotle, Greek philosopherINFORMATION OVERLOADIn the workplace, information seems to come fromall directions. Each day, managers are expected toread memos, letters, and reports. Correspondence8 Communication Skillsarrives through email, fax machines, and overnight delivery. With so much information coming in, managers don‘t have time to read all of it. Often they willstop reading a memo if it doesn‘t capture their interest quickly.How can you make sure that people will read your memo? How can you be certain that your boss will Writing with a Purpose 9When writinga work memo,be sure tohave a clearpurpose andstate thatpurposeas quicklyas possible.(Corbis)remember what you have written? You must have aclear purpose and state that purpose as quickly as possible. This was something that Jill neglected to doin her memo. It‘s also essential that you know your readers and give them the information they want.Jill‘s boss wanted a concise memo that explained the type of school-to-work program the company should adopt. Instead, Jill gave him a rambling five-pagereport that didn‘t tell him what he wanted to know.As a result, it ended up in the wastebasket.FACTA young manager who runs one of America‘sleading mutual funds says that she receivesover 200 faxes daily.DEFINE YOUR PURPOSEMany people just sit down, begin writing, and hopefor the best. Sometimes they are lucky. However, most of the time they produce poorly written and confusing material. Before you begin writing, state your purpose and how you propose to carry it out. This information can be stated briefly in one or two summary sentences. These sentences sum up the purpose of your writing. You must havea clear purposeand state thatpurpose asquickly aspossible.10 Communication SkillsIf you cannot express in a sentence or two whatyou intend to get across, then it is not focusedwell enough.—Charles Osgood, TV commentatorSuppose you want your school to sponsor a classtrip. You decide to write a letter to the principal aboutit. Here are your summary sentences:My letter is designed to persuade theprincipal to sponsor the trip. The letterwill present three reasons why the tripwould be valuable for students.The purpose of some writing is to persuade. Weuse this type of writing both at school and on thejob. Jan believed that her office needed more computers. Without them, she and her coworkers simplycouldn‘t keep up with the volume of their work. Janwrote a memo to her boss to persuade him to purchase additional computers. She pointed out thateveryone would get more work done if there were more computers to use. She also found a company that sold computers at a low price. Jan‘s arguments and initial research convinced her boss to buy the computers.Writing with a Purpose 11The purpose of other writing is to explain. Holly worked part time at a pet store that sold fish. She had to write a memo for new employees on how to feed each type of fish. Here are her summary sentences: My memo explains the feeding times foreach fish. It also explains the type of foodand quantity of food that each fish shouldreceive.12 Communication SkillsDOS AND DON‘TS OFSUMMARY SENTENCESDo write summary sentences beforedoing anything else.Do keep your sentences short.Don‘t exceed one or two sentences foreach writing project.Don‘t include any information in yourpaper that doesn‘t relate to thesummary sentences.Do specify whether the purpose ofyour writing is to persuade, explain, ordescribe.Some writing is primarily designed to describe.Robert‘s supervisor sent him to a conference and wanted him to write a memo describing what happened there. Robert knew his supervisor didn‘twant to know everything that occurred but onlythe most important things. Here is Robert‘s summary sentence:I will describe the three significant thingsI learned at the conference that might helpour department.Writing with a Purpose 13EXERCISEWrite one or two summary sentences for ashort paper:explaining how to be a successfulstudentpersuading an employer to hire youfor a part-time jobdescribing what happened at animportant meeting you attendedas part of an extracurricular activityFACTAn estimated 85 percent of our success inbusiness is determined by our communicationskills.WRITING FOR YOUR READERSome people keep diaries or journals. This type ofwriting is meant only for themselves. However, most writing is meant for others to read. Thus, it‘s importantfor you, as the writer, to know as much as possibleabout your readers. Knowing your readers willhelp you decide what to say and how to say it.14 Communication SkillsQUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUTYOUR READERSWho are they?What do they need to know about thetopic?What is their attitude toward the topic?Why should they care about the topic?A human resources manager at a manufacturing company explains that some new employees oftendon‘t understand the ―politics‖ of the organization. Suppose they think a supervisor is treating them unfairly. They‘re apt to fire off a memo telling himabout it. Unf ortunately, these employees don‘t lastvery long in the organization. You may be able to complain to your coworkers about unfair treatment, butnew employees are not expected to criticize their boss. Before you send off a memo or a letter, it is very important to understand your readers. Ask yourselfwhat you can say, what you can‘t say, and what your reader expects of you.Some supervisors are interested in facts and figures only. Suppose you are proposing a new project.Your supervisor may only want to know how it willbenefit the organization, how much it will cost, andhow you will carry it out. If this is what your supervisorexpects, this is what you should give him.Other supervisors are also interested in learningabout the steps you followed in conceptualizing the project. They want to know where you gathered your information and what other companies have undertaken similar projects. They may also be interested infinding out about alternative approaches to executing the project that you considered but later rejected. These supervisors are more process oriented and detail oriented. If this is the type of supervisor you Before you sendoff a memo ora letter, it is veryimportant tounderstandyour readers.Writing with a Purpose 15work for, be sure to give her the information she wants. Otherwise, your project proposal may not be approved.Another important question to ask yourself whenyou write is: What information does the reader needto know? Suppose you are writing a letter to apply fora job. You begin the letter this way:I am applying for the position posted byyour department.16 Communication SkillsDOS AND DON‘TS OFWRITING FOR YOUR READERDo remember that all communicationis written for your reader.Do analyze your readers before youbegin writing.Don‘t leave out any importantinformation the reader needs to know.Don‘t forget that the reader‘s attitudeswill influence how they respond toyour writing.Do make your writing appeal to whatthe reader cares most about.Unfortunately, the firm has advertised more thanone position in the department. If you don‘t indicate which position you want, the reader will not beable to tell whether you have the proper qualifications.Therefore, you probably will not get the job.Never assume. One of the biggest mistakes writers make is to assume that their readers have knowledge that they do not have. Suppose you areexplaining a complicated procedure on a computer.Do not assume that the reader already understands some of the steps. Be sure to describe everything carefully.If you are trying to persuade readers to do something, it helps to understand their attitudes. Arethey likely to support you? Are they likely to oppose you? Are they neutral? This information helps you decide how persuasive you must be.PROPOSAL TO THE PRINCIPALA group of students wanted to persuade their principal to support a new project. They wanted to havetime off for a half day of community service each week. The principal was in favor of community service, but she was opposed to letting students taketime away from class to do these projects.The students explained that the community projects would support what they were learning inWriting with a Purpose 17school. They realized that the principal was worried that they might lose learning time. Armed with solid knowledge about their reader, they designed arguments that would persuade her. For example, thestudents explained that by writing reports about the projects, they would improve their communication skills. Some of the projects required them to analyze and summarize data, and this work would improvetheir math skills. Given the strength and logic ofthe students‘ presentation, the principal agreed totry out one community-service project to see how it worked.When you write, be sure to ask yourself: What domy readers care about? By mentioning somethingthey care about, you can hook their attention. Youcan also persuade them to do what you want. Earlier we mentioned a supervisor who cared only aboutfacts and figures. If you write about what she cares about, you may be able to persuade her to adopt your project. Suppose you want to convince other students to join your club. You decide to put a notice upon the bulletin board about an upcoming club meeting. How would you begin the notice in order tohook the readers‘ attention? The best method is to mention something that they might care about. Perhaps joining the club will enable them to have fun with friends or learn a new skill or make money. Each of these might persuade them to join your club.18 Communication SkillsTHE 4 Cs OF SUCCESSFUL WRITINGAll good writing starts by defining your purpose and knowing your reader. But that‘s only the beginning. There are four other elements that you should keepin mind. They are known as the 4 Cs:1. Concise2. Compelling3. Clear4. CorrectBE CONCISE—THE COVER LETTERCover letters (also called job application letters) usually accompany resumes. Both the cover letter and resume are sent to an employer when you are applying for a job. The resume lists your qualifications for Writing with a Purpose 19EXERCISEWrite a notice for a club to persuade otherstudents to join it. Keep in mind who youraudience is and what their attitudes are.a job in detail, and the cover letter discusses them briefly.―I had one student,‖ explains career counselor Rozeanne Burt, ―who was having a difficult time writing a cover letter. I told him to keep the letter to onepage or less and only highlight his most important accomplishments. But he couldn‘t or wouldn‘t be selective. Instead he wanted to include everything.20 Communication SkillsSURF THE WEB: COVER LETTERS1-2-3-Cover-LetterCareer Lab Cover Letters/lettersMonster‘s Cover Letters/archives/coverletterPerfect Cover LettersQuintessential Careers: Cover LetterResources/covres.htmlHe ended up with a letter that ran over a page and ahalf in tiny, nine-point type. Needless to say, the employer was not impressed and he didn‘t get thejob.‖With all the information that employers have toread today, the last thing they want is somethinglong-winded. It‘s essential to be concise. Human resources director Debby Berggren receives a lot of cover letters from people looking for jobs, and shesays that many people have trouble ―getting to the point.‖If you want to write a concise cover letter, or anyother type of letter, it‘s important to understand the purpose of the letter before you begin writing. In hisbook Persuasive Business Proposals: Writing to Win Customers, Clients, and Contracts, Tom Sant explains that ―you will do a better job of writing if you knowwhat you‘re trying to accomplish: the why of a document.‖By writing one or two summary sentencesbefore you begin writing, you can state the ―why‖very simply.If you were to compose your summary sentencesfor a cover letter, they might sound like this:My letter persuades an employer tointerview me. It includes several of myoutstanding accomplishments to convincean employer that I am right for the job.Writing with a Purpose 21The purpose of a cover letter is to persuade—to persuade an employer to interview you for a job. Thenext step is to know your reader. What will the readerfind most persuasive? You should list only the experience and skills that you possess that are mostly likelyto convince the reader to interview you. As Burt explains: ―You can‘t tell them everything about you,so you have to stick to a few things that are linked to what the employer values, and you have to nail down what you want them to know early in the letter.‖FACTAccording to the job website ,more than 80 percent of job openings are not advertised. A ―cold cover letter‖ can be used toinquire at a company that has not advertisedany openings. Cold cover letters, also referredto as uninvited cover letters, are unpromptedand can be sent to companies to inquire about possible openings.ORGANIZING THE COVER LETTEROne of the most effective methods of writing iscalled the pyramid style. In this type of writing, youThe purpose ofa cover letter isto persuade.22 Communication Skillsplace the most important information at the top ofthe pyramid, or the beginning, and you present it as simply and concisely as possible. You follow thiswith the second most important point, the third,the fourth, and so forth. This is the same style that newspaper reporters have used for years to write news articles.Writing with a Purpose 23THE PYRAMID STYLE OF WRITINGIn a cover letter, the most important informationto include is the position for which you are applying. Otherwise, the reader won‘t know why you are writing. This information goes in the first paragraph. Youmay also wish to include where you heard about the job opening.The second paragraph should describe the one ortwo skills or work experiences that make you most qualified for the job. This is where you hook the reader‘s attention by telling her something she caresabout and persuading her to consider you for the position.A third paragraph might mention several additionalbut less important qualifications you possess. Conclude the letter by asking for an interview.24 Communication SkillsEXERCISEWrite a cover letter. Select a position forwhich you are qualified based on your work experience and skills. Highlight these skillsand experiences and save the cover letterso you can refer to it.MARIA‘S LETTERWriting with a Purpose 25328 Cedar StreetAnywhere, USA 09999-9990January 1, 2004Ms. Julie RogersAll-Occasion Clothing Store10 Prospect StreetAnywhere, USA 09999-0999Dear Ms. Rogers,I am applying for the position of assistant manager, which you recently advertised in the Evening Times.During the past three years, I have worked part time as a sales associate at Calloway and Company, the largest department store in the tri-state area. I was twice voted employee of the month. I received this award in recognition of my service to customers. Calloway and Company also promoted me to assistant manager of my department.I am graduating in June with an associate‘s degree in retailing. My grade point average is 3.6, and I have taken courses in marketing and sales as well as in accounting.I look forward to speaking with you in the near future and discussing what I can contribute to your organization. Sincerely,Maria GonzalesBE COMPELLING—THE RESUME―Employers may get as many as 300 resumes for one job,‖ explains career counselor John Jarvis. ―So theyhave to find a way to narrow them down. Some employers tell me that they put the one-page resumesin one pile, and the two-page resumes go in thetrash.‖Like the cover letter, the resume persuades anemployer to hire you. As Jarvis points out, many employers like a concise resume. In most cases, anything over a page is too long. The resume must alsobe compelling enough to hook an employer‘s interest.How do you make it compelling?Once again, you must start with a clear purpose.This is usually called your ―Job Objective.‖ The job objective goes near the top of a resume, so theemployer will know immediately what type of jobyou‘re seeking.Let‘s look at Maria‘s resume, which she developedto accompany her cover letter.The most compelling type of writing has a clear purpose. In the case of a clear resume, employers know immediately what job you want. Compelling writing is also designed to appeal to your readers. How do you accomplish this on a resume?One way is to make the resume visually interesting. This means using different kinds of type. For example, Maria puts her headings in boldface type. Many employerslike a conciseresume.26 Communication SkillsWriting with a Purpose 27MARIA GONZALES328 Cedar StreetAnywhere, USA 09999-9990(999) 562-3147 (home)(999) 562-1289 (cell)mgonzales@ (email)Job Objective To obtain a position as an assistant manager in a retail storeExperience1998-Present Calloway and Company• Worked as sales associate in women‘s casual clothing • Advanced to assistant departme nt manager• Voted employee of the month three times• Successfully completed sales-training program1996-1998 Downtown CDs and Tapes• Part-time stock clerk• Trained other clerksEducationAssociate‘s Degree in RetailingCentral Community CollegeGPA: 3.6Courses: marketing, sales, accounting, economics Honors graduate, Longwood High SchoolVice president of senior classMember of soccer and tennis teamsMARIA‘S RESUMEShe also uses bullets to set off key points. However, white space is also important. Your resume should beneat, organized, and original, but not so fancy thatit‘s distracting. If you are applying for a design orcreative position, there may be more latitude here.Don‘t try to cram too much information on aresume. The resume will look too crowded. Instead,keep it simple.The resume doesn‘t get you the job. It gets you the interview. Don‘t overwhelm them with the resume.—John Jarvis, career counselorRemember also to use dynamic words to describeyour accomplishments. Always try to use verbs inthe active voice, not the passive voice. ―I was given the Employee of the Month Award,‖ uses a passive verb, which sounds weak. Maria presents this informationin a stronger way by writing: ―Voted employee of the month.‖ Instead of saying ―I was appo inted assistant department manager,‖ Maria says, ―Advanced toassistant department manager.‖ Finally, instead ofwriting ―I was asked to train other clerks,‖ Mariawrites, ―Trained other clerks.‖Descriptive words also make your writing more compelling, and these words can be especially powerful onMake theresume visuallyinteresting.28 Communication Skillsa resume. Don‘t exaggerate what you have accomplished, but use descriptive words to bring it to life.Instead of saying, ―completed a training course,‖Maria writes, ―Successfully completed sales-training program.‖ If you are a ―fully experienced‖ stock clerk,say so. If you have ―extensive knowledge‖ of computers, include that information as well. These simpledescriptive words stand out on the page and attractthe reader‘s attention.Chris Hanson is applying for a part-time job after school. He wants to be an animal handler or kennel worker. Chris has worked part time for three years atthe local Audubon Society. He has valuable experience Writing with a Purpose 29EXERCISEUse the information about Chris todevelop a resume that he can use tofind a job.Write a resume for yourself. It shouldreflect the cover letter you wrote in thepreceding exercise. It should bedetailed and accurate—busy employersdo not have patience for typos.caring for sick and injured animals. He also trained other volunteers to care for the animals. Beforethis, Chris volunteered at a local nature center. He30 Communication SkillsSURF THE WEB: RESUMES10 Minute ResumeCollege /resumesMonster Resume CenterProven ResumesResume NetThe Resume Place, Inc.completed a training course in how to conducttours of the center. Every Saturday, he conducted tours for up to 50 adults and children. Currently, Chris is attending high school, where he writes forthe newspaper and maintains a 3.2 GPA.BE CLEAR—MEMOS AND REPORTSGood writing is simple and clear. You should leaveno doubt in the minds of your readers about whatyou are trying to say to them. Unfortunately, some people seem to forget this principle, especially when they write.A task force from the National Council of Teachersof English and the International Reading Association tried to develop national standards on how to write English. They came up with 12 basic rules. Rule 5 states ―Students employ a wide range of strategies as they write and use different writing process elements appropriately to communicate with different audiences。
国际商务沟通技巧：进阶英语口语表达与谈判技巧
国际商务沟通技巧：进阶英语口语表达与谈判技巧1. 引言1.1 概述在当今全球化的商业环境中，国际商务沟通技巧是成功进行跨国交流和谈判的关键。
随着全球市场的扩大和竞争的增加，拥有良好的英语口语表达能力以及高效的谈判技巧已经成为了非常重要的竞争优势。
本文将介绍进阶英语口语表达与谈判技巧，帮助读者提升自身在国际商务中的沟通能力。
1.2 文章结构本文分为五个主要部分：引言、进阶英语口语表达技巧、提升谈判技巧、国际商务会议中的沟通要点以及结论。
每个部分都将详细介绍相关主题，并提供实用建议和策略。
1.3 目的本文旨在帮助读者掌握国际商务沟通所需的进阶英语口语表达技巧和谈判技巧。
通过学习词汇扩展与常用短语、流利度与发音练习以及文化差异与尊重等方面内容，读者将能够更加自信地运用英语进行跨文化交流。
同时，本文还将提供建立关系与信任、谈判前的准备工作以及沟通技巧与应对策略等方面的指导，帮助读者在国际商务谈判中取得更好的结果。
通过阅读本文，读者将了解如何在国际商务环境中有效地组织和参与会议，提出建议并解决分歧，并克服跨文化沟通中可能遇到的挑战。
最后，本文还强调了提升国际商务沟通能力的重要性，并展望了未来国际商务沟通的趋势和发展方向。
希望通过本文的指导和启发，读者们能够在日常工作和交流中更加自如地运用英语，并在国际商务领域中取得更多成功。
2. 进阶英语口语表达技巧2.1 词汇扩展与常用短语在国际商务沟通中，掌握丰富的词汇和常用短语是非常重要的。
以下是一些提高英语口语表达能力的技巧：- 通过阅读和听力材料积累词汇量：多读英文报纸、杂志，听英文广播、电视节目等，注意收集并学习新的单词和短语。
- 刻意练习使用新学到的词汇：将新学到的单词和短语运用到实际口语交流中，这样可以加深记忆并提高运用能力。
- 利用在线工具或手机应用程序进行词汇练习：有许多在线资源和应用程序可供选择，通过利用这些资源进行词汇测试和记忆训练，可以提高你对单词的理解和运用能力。
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Decide on a structure
▪ Definition: what to say first, second and etc. ▪ Benefits: help you to express yourself logically and clearly
Warning: never ever take it for granted !
Set an objective
▪ Know exactly what you want to accomplish before you start ▪ Write it down in one sentence or always keep it in mind ▪ Keep your presentation relevant to the objective.
matters) ▪ Vivid and humorous ( IBM president speech at CEBIT)
Steps to make presentation
Present Rehearsal Create visual aids Decide on a structure Collect information Set an objective Audience analysis
Importance of Presentation No tradition in China, but it is rather important for:
▪ Job-hunting ( Interview) ▪ Business promotion ( IPO Road Show) ▪ Election ( Presidential election) ▪ Conference
Warning: objective has to be clear, direct and precise !
Collect information
▪ Evidence is anything that supports your case ▪ Therefore, they should be
with you. ▪ I am delighted to address such a big audience today
Examples of summary
▪ In conclusion, we can see that…. ▪ therefore…… ▪ Having shown…., I recommend that we immediately …. ▪ The thought I am going to leave with you….. ▪ What I want you to take home from this …. ▪ Overall, I quite agree that….. ▪ I strongly recommend…. ▪ I suggest without hesitation that….. ▪ Last but not least
Step 6: Opening Step 7: Creative
Step 1 : Subject
Structure
Step 3: Agenda
Step 4: Body
Step 5: Summary
Step 2:
11
* Conclusion
资料来源：
Examples of opening remarks
Difference between Chinese and English
English
Chinese
Argument
Faபைடு நூலகம்t
Fact
Fact
Argument
Fact
Fact
Fact
Argument
Fact
Fact
Fact
What makes a good presentation?
▪ Standard pronunciation( India and Pakistan accent) ▪ Clear argument ( not necessarily right ) ▪ Sufficient but convincing data ▪ Logically-structured ▪ Informative but brief ( length doesn’t matter, message really
Audience analysis checklist
▪ Who are they? ▪ What do they want? ▪ How much do they know about your topic? ▪ Are they ‘conservative’ or ‘innovative? ▪ Are there decision-makers in the audience? ▪ What are the situational context for them to listen to your presentation?
▪ I am greatly honored to be here today to share with you my thoughts over……..
▪ I am personally on behalf of XX to extend our xxx to xxx, ▪ With this theme in mind ,I would like to discuss/recommend ▪ I will borrow you for 20/15 minutes to my understanding of xxxx ▪ In response to that, I would like to …. ▪ Like Mr.xxx, I also feel that….. ▪ Further to Mr.xxx’s remarks, I will start from xxx to have a discussion
Art of English presentation
EngFliosrhrepsrteWseanntgation skills
Agenda
▪ Importance of English presentation ▪ Difference between Chinese and English ▪ What makes a good presentation? ▪ How to make a good presentation? ▪ Useful tips in making presentations ▪ Handling questions