物理药剂学PPT
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Lyophobic colloids
Lyophobic colloids is composed of materials that have little attraction. e.g. gold, silver, sulfur, arsenous sulfide, and silver iodide.
Grains of sand,most pharmaceutical emulsions and suspension, red blood cells
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Types of Colloidal dispersion
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Lyophilic colloids
Systems containing colloidal particles that interact to an appreiable extent with the dispersion medium are referred to as lyophilic(solventloving)colloids. hydrophilic sols: gelatin, acacia, insulin, albumin Lipophilic colloids: rubber, polystyrene. A material that forms a lyophilic colloidal system in one liquid(e.g. water) may not do so in another liquid(e.g. benzene).
• FeCl3 （w）+3H2O （H）→ Fe(OH)3 （sol） +3HCl
• 2H2S(w）+ SO2(g) → 2H2O +3S (sol）
• Na2S2O3 +2HCl → 2NaCl +H2O +SO2 +S (sol)
• 2HAuCl4+ 3HCHO +11KOH → 2Au(sol） 14
Colloidal dispersion system
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size
class Molecular dispersion
Colloidal dispersion
Coarse dispersion
Particle size Less than 1 nm
From 1 nm to o.5 μm
Greater than o.5 μm
Not resolved by ordinary microscope (although may be detected under ultramicroscope) Visible in electron microscope Pass though filter paper Do not pass semipermeable membrane Diffusion very slowly
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grinding method
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来自百度文库
sonication dispersion method
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arc discharge method
• Owing to the intense heat generated by the arc, some of the metal of the electrodes is dispersed as vapor, which condenses to form colloidal particles.
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ultrafiltration
• Electro ultrafiltration
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Association colloids
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CMC
the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system go to micelles.
Characteristics of system
example
Invisible in electron microscope Pass through ultrafilter and semipermeable membrane undergo rapid diffusion
Oxygen molecules, ordinary ions, glucose
Sol purification
• 1,dialysis method • 2,ultrafiltration
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dialysis method
•Semipermeable membrane
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dialysis method
•Electrodialysis
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ultrafiltration
•Semipermeable membrane
Colloidal silver sols, natural and synthetic polymers, cheese, butter, jelly, milk, etc.
Visible under microscope Do not passthough normal filter paper Do not dialyze though semipermeable menmbrane Do not diffusion
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The methods to prepare lyophobic colloids
•Dispersion methods 1,grinding method 2,sonication dispersion method 3,arc discharge method
•Condensation methods 1,physical methods 2,chemical methods
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Physical condensation methods
1,replacement of solvent
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Physical condensation methods
2, Steam quench method
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chemical condensation methods
• 2H3AsO3（w）+ 3H2S →As2S3（sol） +6H2O
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Lyophobic colloids
Lyophobic colloids is composed of materials that have little attraction. e.g. gold, silver, sulfur, arsenous sulfide, and silver iodide.
Grains of sand,most pharmaceutical emulsions and suspension, red blood cells
2
Types of Colloidal dispersion
3
Lyophilic colloids
Systems containing colloidal particles that interact to an appreiable extent with the dispersion medium are referred to as lyophilic(solventloving)colloids. hydrophilic sols: gelatin, acacia, insulin, albumin Lipophilic colloids: rubber, polystyrene. A material that forms a lyophilic colloidal system in one liquid(e.g. water) may not do so in another liquid(e.g. benzene).
• FeCl3 （w）+3H2O （H）→ Fe(OH)3 （sol） +3HCl
• 2H2S(w）+ SO2(g) → 2H2O +3S (sol）
• Na2S2O3 +2HCl → 2NaCl +H2O +SO2 +S (sol)
• 2HAuCl4+ 3HCHO +11KOH → 2Au(sol） 14
Colloidal dispersion system
1
size
class Molecular dispersion
Colloidal dispersion
Coarse dispersion
Particle size Less than 1 nm
From 1 nm to o.5 μm
Greater than o.5 μm
Not resolved by ordinary microscope (although may be detected under ultramicroscope) Visible in electron microscope Pass though filter paper Do not pass semipermeable membrane Diffusion very slowly
8
grinding method
9
来自百度文库
sonication dispersion method
10
arc discharge method
• Owing to the intense heat generated by the arc, some of the metal of the electrodes is dispersed as vapor, which condenses to form colloidal particles.
18
ultrafiltration
• Electro ultrafiltration
19
Association colloids
20
CMC
the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system go to micelles.
Characteristics of system
example
Invisible in electron microscope Pass through ultrafilter and semipermeable membrane undergo rapid diffusion
Oxygen molecules, ordinary ions, glucose
Sol purification
• 1,dialysis method • 2,ultrafiltration
15
dialysis method
•Semipermeable membrane
16
dialysis method
•Electrodialysis
17
ultrafiltration
•Semipermeable membrane
Colloidal silver sols, natural and synthetic polymers, cheese, butter, jelly, milk, etc.
Visible under microscope Do not passthough normal filter paper Do not dialyze though semipermeable menmbrane Do not diffusion
7
The methods to prepare lyophobic colloids
•Dispersion methods 1,grinding method 2,sonication dispersion method 3,arc discharge method
•Condensation methods 1,physical methods 2,chemical methods
11
Physical condensation methods
1,replacement of solvent
12
Physical condensation methods
2, Steam quench method
13
chemical condensation methods
• 2H3AsO3（w）+ 3H2S →As2S3（sol） +6H2O