2020延安中学高三周考试卷高三英语综合练习卷18

高三英语综合练习卷（18）I. Listening Comprehension (25分)Section A (每题1分，共10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A dress-up party. B. The tail or’s. C. The theatre. D. A shopping mall.2. A. Waiter. B. Car dealer. C. Mechanic. D. Driver.3. A. 15. B. 30. C. 50. D. 450.4. A. He enjoyed the food there. B. The place was beautiful.C. He watched fireworks.D. He met an old friend.5. A. The time is not convenient. B. Her house is not big enough.C. A few people won’t show up.D. There won’t be enough food.6. A. It is going to clear up tomorrow. B.She won’t go to the beach if it rains.C.She would like the man to go to the beach.D. It was pouring when she was at the beach.7. A. How to handle pressure. B. How to keep fit.C. What to take up as a hobby.D. What to play with.8. A. The film cost too much despite its high quality.B. The man didn’t like the fi lm but the woman did.C. The man missed the film because of the woman.D. The man saw the film upon the suggestion of the woman.9. A. He set fire to the skyscraper. B. He was trying to clear the road.C. He found out what was going on.D. He parked his car beside the skyscraper.10. A. The woman would sew them back on. B. The woman would quarrel with the man.C. The man would not take the responsibility.D. The man gave the woman a good suggestion.Section B (每题1.5分，共15分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its construction started before World War I. B. Its construction cost more than $40 billion.C. It is efficiently used for transport.D. It is one of the best in the world.12. A. To improve transportation in the countryside.B. To move troops quickly from place to place.C. To enable people to travel at a higher speed.D. To speed up the transportation of goods.13. A. In the 1970s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 1950s. D. In the 1940s.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The earth travels at the same speed as the moon.B. The moon came into being long before the earth.C. The earth did not have enough gravitational pull.D. The moon was formed in other parts of the solar system.15. A. The moon has little iron.B. The moon has more vapors.C. The moon’s materials come from the earth’s core.D. The moon has much iron from the earth’s surface.16. A. The process of the moon’s evolution.B. Theories about the origin of the moon.C. The power of the gravitational force.D. The correctness of the big splash theory.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It publishes magazines. B. It is engaged in product design.C. It sponsors trade fairs.D. It runs sales promotion business.18. A. The ad specifications had not been given in detail.B. The woman’s company made changes at short notice.C. The woman’s company failed to make payments in time.D. Organizing the promotional campaign was time-consuming.19. A. A rerun of the campaign at half the price next year.B. A 50 percent cut of the fee for this year.C. A four-week extension of the campaign.D. A 20 percent discount for next year’s fee.20. A. Calm down and make peace.B. Improve their promotion plans.C. Reflect on their respective mistakes.D. Suspend negotiating for the time being.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题1分，共20分)Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Keep an Open MindKelley Kitley grew up in Chicago in the Unite States desiring a life on the stage, and spent years preparing for it by taking voice lessons and having private coaching. So when the time came for her to apply to college, one school (21)______ (top) the list: New York University (NYU). There, she would study with great teachers before starting her career.But tha t’s not (22)______ things worked out. The school didn’t just reject her —it didn’t even allow her to audition. “I was shocked,” Kitley recently recalled. “It changed my whole plan of life.”College admittance season, the time of year when high school seniors learn if they (23)______ (admit) into the schools they hoped to attend, is ending. For many, this is bad news. But interviews with Kitley and other adults suggest that finding an alternative route (24)______ be as fulfilling as following a predetermined path.Kitley, for example, enrolled at a liberal arts school eventually. There, she developed an enormous enthusiasm (25)______ service and returned to her hometown to train in social work. Today, she is a social worker and is married to an actor. (26)______ (think) about the insecurity of his career, she’s now glad NYU rejected her.Sometimes, it’s not rejection (27)______ keeps students out of their dream schools, but finances. Jessica Cabe got into Illinois State, only (28)______ (turn) it down when she didn’t receive the financial aid she needed.Instead, she went to Rock Valley College, (29)______ she studied with people from different backgrounds. The community college also gave her the chance to participate in extracurricular activities (30)______ (tailor) to students’ needs from student government to a jazz band.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Parenting Matters Less Than You ThinkIt is an age-old question: are we shaped more by nature or nurture? Robert Plomin, a geneticist at King’s College London, has spent his career studying the __31__ of DNA and environmental factors to countless human traits, from body weight to personality and academic success. Environment is undoubtedly a key influence on almost every aspect of our lives. ButPlomin argues that genetics plays a more important and __32__ role, even to the extent that our parenting and schooling don’t matter that much. We caught up with him to discuss his sometimes controversial views.Give us an example showing how little influence parenting has on the way children turn out.Take our tendency to be __33__. If zero means parents have no influence and one means total influence, when two siblings grow up together, their body mass index has a correlation of about 0.4. It’s easy to see how people __34__ that mainly to nurture, because parents provide both siblings with the same food. But it turns out that isn’t true, and obesity runs in families for reasons of genetics. A killer piece of data is that the correlation for weight is 0 between adoptive siblings who grow up in the same family but don’t share genes. Even more __35__ is that if you were adopted at birth away from your sister, you correlate just as much as if you had been raised together in the same family.It is almost unbelievable that how children are raised is so __36__ in how they turn out.I know. What confuses people is that there’s a correlation between parenting and kids’ __37__. That’s always been assumed to be due to the nurturing environment: parents reading a lot to their kids makes them more likely to read. But parents reading a lot could reflect their own genetic preference for reading. When you do adoption studies, you find that parental reading isn’t __38__.In other words, r eading to a child doesn’t seem to influence the child’s reading behaviour. That contradicts every piece of advice I’ve heard.I’m not saying don’t __39__ if they like it. I have one grandchild who loves to read. I have another who just wants to roughhouse (打闹). I’m actually responding to the differences I get from the children more than I am __40__ those differences.III. Reading Comprehension (45分)Section A (每题1分，共15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1977 Richard Peto, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, observed a contradiction. Cancer begins as a mutation (突变) in a single cell. Organisms with more cells, __41__, should have a higher risk of developing it. Whales, which have 1,000 times as many cells as human beings do, should be increasingly __42__ to tumours (肿瘤). In fact, they are blessed with extremely __43__ rates of cancer. Huge bodies and tumour resistance have evolved together. The secret of __44__ cancer may therefore be hidden in the genes of giants.Inspired by Peto’s paradox, as this contradiction has come to be known, researchers are exploring rates of cancer and resistance to cancer in thousands of animal species, with an emphasis on __45__. Their hope is to translate the animals’ cancer-fighting talents into treatments for people.Dr Tollis found that as ancestral whales grew, numerous __46__ to their tumour-suppressing (抑制肿瘤的) genes hopped on board. He and his colleagues identified 33 known tumour-suppressing genes in humpback whales that showed evidence of __47__ changes. These included ATR, which detects damage to DNA and __48__ the cycle of cell division that cancer-promoting mutations encourage; AMER1, which kills cell growth; and RECK, which __49__ metastasis, the tendency of cancer cells to peel off their initial tumour and wander around the body looking for other sites to colonize. Humpback whales also have duplications (复制) in genes that __50__ apoptosis, the process that commands mutated cells to commit suicide. All this suggests that the evolution of gigantism in cetaceans(鲸类动物) is associated with strong selective pressure __51__ genes that conquer cancer.Cancer biologists are __52__ with A TR, AMER1 and RECK because people have them too. But whales may also harbor tumour-fighting genes __53__ to science. The next step is therefore to irradiate laboratory-grown lines of whale cells, in order to encourage __54__ mutations and thus find out which genes become active against those mutations. The eventual goal is to discover which strategies whale genes use to fight cancer. Researchers will do this by transferring whale genes into human cell lines, __55__ those cells with radiation, and then seeing if the whale genes attempt to repair the DNA damage —as human genes often do —or opt for the often more effective method of triggering apoptosis.41. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. furthermore42. A. resistant B. contrary C. subject D. proportional43. A. low B. phenomenal C. constant D. rapid44. A. detecting B. diagnosing C. preventing D. studying45. A. alarming speeds B. unique appearancesC. extraordinary giftsD. heavy weights46. A. adaptations B. introductions C. contributions D. modifications47. A. fundamental B. advantageous C. irreversible D. long-term48 A. suspends B. repeats C. completes D. initiates49. A. alters B. limits C. extends D. maintains50. A. accompany B. block C. avoid D. promote51 A. by means of B. with regard to C. in favour of D. on account of52. A. associated B. equipped C. familiar D.satisfied53. A. related B. unknown C. applied D. peculiar54. A. tumour-eliminating B. growth-stimulatingC. cancer-causingD. cell-dividing55. A. forming B. dividing C. killing D. revivingSection B(每题2分，共22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We’ve all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and that may ac tually be true. A study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn’t eat a morning meal. Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. But it’s not just when you eat; it’s what you eat. Balancing carbohydrates (碳水化合物) with protein, fiber and healthy fats is the key to a satisfying and nutritious breakfast. These tips will help you really rise and shine:1. Eat even if you’re not hungry.Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it’s a good idea to get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism (新陈代谢) and keep you from getting hungry later. Just a banana will do the trick. 2. Be ______.Varying what you eat is a good idea in theory, but if you are watching your weight, you might want to stick with the same old menu. A 2014 British study found that people who allowed their breakfast calories to fluctuate (as measured by a five-day diet diary) had larger waists and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than folks who kept their morning calorie intake constant, no matter how much they ate the rest of the day. It’s not cl ear why your morning calorie count makes such a difference, but given that a larger waist size and metabolic syndrome can increase your chances of diabetes, heart attack, and stroke, it’s worth making the effort to hold it steady.3. Add peanuts or peanut butter.In a small study of 15 obese women, eating peanuts or peanut butter helped to lower the glycemic response to a breakfast of Cream of Wheat and orange juice —meaning that the carbohydrates were digested more slowly and blood sugar did not rise as high. Plus the women felt fuller for up to 12?hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts, so they were less likely to snack later. Spreading peanut butter on toast or sprinkling chopped nuts on cereal (麦片) are easy ways to add protein to a carb-heavy meal.56. The first paragraph mainly talks about _____.A. the importance of having breakfastB. the key to a healthy breakfastC. the harm of skipping breakfastD. the variety of breakfast57. Which of the following words can be best used to fill the b lank “Be _____.”?A. innovativeB. flexibleC. punctualD. boring58. The author recommends adding peanuts to your breakfast mainly because _____.A. they contain more protein than carbohydratesB. they enable you to eat less at breakfastC. they can keep your blood sugar under controlD. they help to speed up your metabolism59. This article is most probably taken from _____.A. a medical research paperB. an advertisement for peanutsC. a psychological journalD. a popular science magazine(B)60. It is _____ that essentially make(s) the pepper taste spicy.A. the concentration of capsaicinB. the coating of the seedsC. the pain receptors on our nervesD. the size of the inner rib61. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The Sahara isn’t seen as the world’s largest desert because it receives less rainthan Antarctica.B. Chameleons change their coloring to serve purposes other than fooling theirenemies.C. Wadsworth witnessed Paul Revere shout “The British are coming” with hisown eyes.D. The absorption of light by the tissue changes the blood inside our body fromred into blue.62. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Discoveries That Are Amazing.B. Facts That Are Misleading.C. Findings That Are Significant.D. Myths That Are Unknown.(C)Climate change disproportionately affects the world’s most vulnerable people, particularly poor rural communities that depend on the land for their livelihoods and coastal populations throughout the tropics. We have already seen a chain of tough suffering that results from extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, wildfires, and more.For remedies, advocates and politicians have tended to look toward cuts in fossil-fuel use or technologies to capture carbon before it enters the atmosphere — both of which are crucial. But this focus has overshadowed the most powerful and cost-efficient carbon capture technology in the world. Recent research confirms that forests are absolutely essential in reducing climate change, thanks to their ability to absorb and isolate carbon. In fact, natural climate solutions such as conservation and restoration of forests, along with improvements in land management, can help us achieve 37percent of our climate target of limiting warming to a maximum of two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, even though they currently receive only 2.5percent of public climate financing.Forests’ power to store carbon dioxide is staggering: one tree can store an average of about 48 pounds in one year. Intact (完整的) forests could take in the CO2emissions of some entire countries.For this reason, policymakers and business leaders must create and enforce policies to prevent deforestation, foster reforestation of degraded land, and promote the sustainable management of standing forests in the fight against climate change. Protecting the world’s forests ensures they can keep performing essential functions such as producing oxygen, filtering water and supporting biod iversity. Not only does the world’s entire population depend on forests to provide clean air, clean water, oxygen and medicines, but 1.6billion people also rely on them directly for their livelihoods.Unfortunately, a huge amount of forest continues to be converted into agricultural land to produce a handful of resource-intensive commodities — despite zero-deforestation commitments from companies and governments. So now is the time to increase forest protection and restoration. This action will also address a number of other pressing global issues. For example, in less developed, rural areas —especially in the tropics —community-based forest-management programs can forge pathways out of poverty. In the Petén region of Guatemala, for instance,community-managed forests boasted a near-zero deforestation rate from 2000 through 2013, as compared with 12percent in nearby protected areas and buffer (缓冲) zones. These communities have built low-impact, sustainable forest-based businesses that have stimulated the economy of the region enough to fund the creation of local schools and health services. Their success is especially noticeable in a location where, outside these community-managed zones, deforestation rates have increased 20-fold.63. Which of the following statements about natural climate solutions is true according to the passage?A. They are the only effective strategies available to address the climate change.B. They pale in comparison with the reduction in fossil-fuel use or technologies.C. They can and should play a more important role in cutting carbon emissions.D. They manage to limit warming to two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels.64. The word “staggering” (Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “______.”A. documentedB. incredibleC. unsteadyD. negligible65. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. The policies to prevent deforestation have borne fruit.B. Developed countries are hit the hardest by climate change.C. Economic growth contributes a lot to reducing deforestation.D. Some governments fail to keep their promises to preserve forests.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Keeping forests undamaged can go a long way toward saving the planet.B. A high-tech climate fix is required to dramatically lessen global warming.C. Governments should work together with businesses to stop deforestation.D. Sustainable management of forests is crucial in powering regional development.Section C (每题2分，共8分)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Champion Snorer (打鼾者)It was the Cedar Rapids sleeper. Outside, it was as dark as the inside of an ink-bottle. In the sleeping car people slept. Or tried it.Some of them slept like Christian men and women, peacefully, sweetly and quietly. Others slept like demons (恶魔), ill-intentionally, disgustingly, cruelly, as though it was their mission to keep everybody else awake.____67____We never heard anything snore like him. It was the most systematic snoring that was ever done, even on one of these tournaments of snoring, a sleeping car. ____68____ O, no! There wasmore cold-blooded magic in his system than that. He waited until everybody had had a taste of sleep, just to see how nice and pleasant it was; and then he broke in on their sound sleep like a winged, breathing demon, and they never knew what peace was again that night.He started out with terrific “Gu-r-r-rt!” that opened every eye in the car. We all hoped it was an accident, however; and, trusting that he wouldn’t do it again, we all forgave him. Then he ruined our hopes and spoiled the sweet sincerity of our forgiveness by a long-drawn “Gw-a-h-h-hah!” that sounded too much like business to be accidental. ____69____ But the sleeper in “lower three” went on in long-drawn, regular rhythms that indicated good staying qual ities, “Gwa-a-a-h! Gwa-a-a-h! Gahwayway! Gahway-wah! Gahwa-a-ah!”Evidently it was going to last all night; and the exhausted heads drooped back on the sleepless pillows, and the scolding began. ____70____ He shot off a spiteful “Gwook!” which sounded as though his nose had got mad at him and was going to strike.IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Beaver or Polar Bear?Beaver or polar bear? This is the question Canadians face as they rethink how they want to present themselves to the rest of the world?It all started when a Conservative senator, Nicole Eaton, called for the replacement of the beaver a s Canada’s official symbol. The beaver has represented the country since 1975. “A country’s symbols can change over time as long as they show the spirit of the people and the nation,” she told Reuters.The debate that followed “has set fur flying across the country,” according to the BBC.A stone beaver now sits on top of the entrance to the Canadian Parliament and appears on Canadian coins.Supporters of the beaver say the animal is modest and hardworking. Glynnis Hood of the University of Alberta told the Canadian daily newspaper the National Post that beavers are like Canadians, representing “tenacity (毅力), intelligence and an ability to survive even the harshest climates.”Others say the beaver played an important part in the history of Canada. In the 18th century, fashionable Europeans wore clothes made of beaver fur. Explorers went into the Canadian wilderness to find the fur. At the same time, they discovered more of their country. One member of Parliament from the province Manitoba told the BBC that removing the beaver would ignore its historical impact.However, supporters of the polar bear believe it is a strong and powerful creature. It represents courage and pride, they say. Polar bears are at the top of the food chain. Beavers, on the other hand, are vegetarians. What is more, they are beaten by birds of prey like the eagle. Andwhich country uses the eagle as its national symbol? Canada’s powerful neighbour, the USA.BBC reporter Lorraine Mallinder called this an issue of “What does being Canadian mean?”“No wonder so many Canadians are turning to the polar bear,” she wrote. “They are fed up with being seen as a weak people nation.”However, the debate is still under way.II. Summary writing:__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________V. Translation (3+3+4+5，共15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这本国际学术期刊用了整整一章来介绍他的研究发现。