2015年12月12日雅思阅读预测
2015年12月GMAT阅读真题预测
GMAT阅读真题第一部分：OGPassage15Two works published in 1984 demonstrate contrasting approaches to writing the history of United States women. Buel and Buel’s biography of Mary Fish(1736–1818) makes little effort to place her story in the context of recent historiography on women. Lebsock, meanwhile, attempts not only to write the history of women in one southern community, but also to redirect two decades of historiographical debate as to whether women gained or lost status in the nineteenth century as compared with the eighteenth century. Although both books offer the reader the opportunity to assess this controversy regarding women’s status, only Lebsock’s de als with it directly. She examines several different aspects of women’s status, helping to refine and resolve the issues. She concludes that while women gained autonomy in some areas, especially in the private sphere, they lost it in many aspects of the economic sphere. More importantly, she shows that the debate itself depends on frame of reference: in many respects, women lost power in relation to men, for example, as certain jobs (delivering babies, supervising schools) were taken over by men. Yet women also gained power in comparison with their previous status, owning a higher proportion of real estate, for example. In contrast, Buel and Buel’s biography provides ample raw material for questioning the myth, fostered by some historians, of a colonial golden age in the eighteenth century but does not give the reader much guidance in analyzing the controversy over women’s status.71. With which of the following characterizations of Lebsock’s contribution to the controversy concerning women’s status in the nineteenth-century United States would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?(A) Lebsock has studied women from a formerly neglected region and time period.(B) Lebsockhas demonstrated the importance of frame of reference in answering questions about women’s status.(C) Lebsock has addressed the controversy by using women’s current status as a frame of reference.(D) Lebsock has analyzed statistics about occupations and property that were previously ignored.(E) Lebsock has applied recent historiographical methods to the biography of a nineteenth-century woman.第二部分是prep07Passage16What kinds of property rights apply to Algonquian family hunting territories, and how did they come to be? The dominant view in recent decades has been that family hunting territories, like other forms of private landownership, were not found among Algonquians (a group of North American Indian tribes)before contact with Europeans but are the result of changes in Algonquian society brought about by the European-Algonquian fur trade, in combination with other factors such as ecological changes and consequent shifts in wildlife harvesting patterns. Another view claims that Algonquian family hunting territories predate contact with Europeans and are forms of private landownership by individuals and families. More recent fieldwork, however, has shown that individual and family rights to hunting territories form part of a larger land-use system of multi familial hunting groups, that rights to hunting territories at this larger community level take precedence over those at the individual or family level, and that this system reflects a concept of spiritual and social reciprocity that conflicts with European concepts of private property. In short, there are now strong reasons to think that it was erroneous to claim that Algonquian family hunting territories ever were, or were becoming, a kind of private property system. 53．The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) provide an explanation for an unexpected phenomenon(B) suggest that a particular question has yet to be answered(C) present anew perspective on an issue(D) defend a traditional view from attack(E) reconcile opposing sides of an argumentPassage17Many people believe that because wages are lower in developing countries than in developed countries, competition from developing countries in goods traded internationally will soon eliminate large numbers of jobs in developed countries. Currently, developed countries' advanced technology results in higher productivity, which accounts for their higher wages. Advanced technology is being transferred ever more speedily across borders, but even with the latest technology, productivity and wages in developing countries will remain lower than in developed countries for many years because developed countries have better infrastructure and better-educated workers. When productivity in a developing country does catch up, experience suggests that wages there will rise. Some individual firms in developing countries have raised their productivity but kept their wages (which are influenced by average productivity in the country's economy)low. However, in a developing country’s economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely.58. The passage suggests that which of the following would best explain why, in a developing country, some firms that have raised their productivity continue to pay low wages?(A) Wages are influenced by the extent to which productivity increases are based on the latest technology.(B) Wages are influenced by the extent to which labor unions have organized the country's workers.(C) Wages are not determined by productivity improvements in goods traded internationally.(D) The average productivity of the workers in the country has not risen.(E) The education level of the workers in the country determines wages.第三部分是GWDGWD5-passage4Firms traditionally claim that they downsize(i.e., make permanent personnel cuts) for economic reasons, laying off supposedly unnecessary staff in an attempt to become more efficient and competitive. Organization theory would explain this reasoning as an example of the ―economic rationality‖ that it assumes underlies all organizational activities. There is evidence that firms believe they are behaving rationally whenever they downsize; yet recent research has shown that the actual economic effects of downsizing are often negative for firms. Thus, organization theory cannot adequately explain downsizing; non-economic factors must also be considered. One such factor is the evolution of downsizing into a powerful business myth: managers simply believe that downsizing is efficacious. Moreover, downsizing nowadays is greeted favorably by the business press; the press often refers to soaring stock prices of downsizing firms (even though research shows that stocks usually rise only briefly after downsizing and then suffer a prolonged decline). Once viewed as a sign of desperation, downsizing is now viewed as a signal that firms are serious about competing in the global marketplace; such signals are received positively by key actors—financial analysts, consultants, shareholders—who supply firms with vital organizing resources. Thus, even if downsizers do not become economically more efficient, downsizing’s mythic properties give them added prestige in the business community, enhancing their survival prospects.34.Theprimary purpose of the passage is toA. criticize firms for engaging in the practice of downsizingB. analyze the negative economic impact of downsizing on firmsC. offer an alternative to a traditional explanation for the occurrence of downsizingD. chronicle how perceptions of downsizing have changed over timeE. provide evidence disputing the prevalence of downsizingGWD9-passage2Acting on there commendation of a British government committee investigating the high incidence in white lead factories of illness among employees, most of whom were women, the Home Secretary proposed in 1895 that Parliament enact legislation that would prohibit women from holding most jobs in white lead factories. Although the Women’s Industrial Defence Committee(WIDC), formed in 1892 in response to earlier legis lative attempts to restrict women’s labor, did not discount the white lead trade’s potential health dangers, it opposed the proposal, viewing it as yet another instance of limiting women’s work opportunities. Also opposing the proposal was the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW), which attempted to challenge it by investigating the causes of illness in white lead factories. SPEW contended, and WIDC concurred, that controllable conditions in such factories were responsible for the development of lead poisoning. SPEW provided convincing evidence that lead poisoning could be avoided if workers were careful and clean and if already extant workplace safety regulations were stringently enforced. However, the Women’s Trade Union League(WTUL), which had ceased in the late 1880’s to oppose restrictions on women’s labor, supported the eventually enacted proposal, in part because safety regulations were generally not being enforced in white lead factories, where there were no unions(and little prospect of any) to pressure employers to comply with safety regulations.9.Accordingto the passage, the WIDC believed that the proposed legislation resembled earlier legislation concerning women’s labor in that itA. caused divisiveness among women’s organizationsB. sought to protect women’s healthC. limited women’s occupational opportunitiesD. failed to bolster workplace safety regulationsE. failed to make distinctions among types of factory work参考答案：第一部分：BBBD第二部分：DCDD 第三部分：DCDCC。
2015年12月12日雅思写作真题参考范文及12月16日写作预测
2015年12月12日雅思考试写作真题及范文英文题目是：Some people think reading stories in books is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children,To what extent do you agree or disagree?中文题目是：一些人认为读故事书比看电视和玩电脑游戏对孩子要好，你在多大程度上同意或者不同意这个观点？大师兄解析：雅思大作文的问题模式比较固定，通常为这四种，所以写作的套路也相对比较固定。
第一类：agree or disagree类。
它的提问方式为“Do you agree or disagree?/To what extent do you agree or disagree?”。
此类重在考察考生的态度，即“Your opinion”，为最常见题型。
注意两种提问方式稍有不同。
对于前者的回答是“agree or disagree”；后者的回答重在“extent”，比如“partly agree”、“completely agree”等。
第二类：discuss both views类。
它的提问方式“Some people think that…,while others believe that…Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”此类重点在于客观讨论两种观点及理由，自己的观点不是重点，一笔带过。
两种观点或情况都要充分的讨论，不能一边倒。
第三类：advantages/disadvantages类。
它的提问方式“Do the advantages/benefits outweigh disadvantages/drawbacks？”。
此类需要陈述两种观点，但要有侧重某一种观点。
第四类：problems-causes-solutions/effects-solutions类。
关于读书的雅思作文范文及分析
关于读书的雅思作文范文及分析书中自有黄金屋，你对读书的看法是什么呢？这是雅思写作中常考的教育类话题，下面小编给大家带来关于读书的雅思作文范文及分析。
雅思Simon考官9分大作文范文：读书与工作题目：Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.范文： When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it is better to go to college or university.The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many young people want to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way, they can become independent, and they will be able to afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their career, young people who decide to find work, rather than continue their studies, may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain real experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to promotions and a successful career.On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their studies. Firstly, academic qualifications are required in many professions. For example, it is impossible to become a doctor, teacher or lawyer without having the relevant degree. As a result, university graduates have access to more and better job opportunities, and they tend to earn higher salaries than those with fewer qualifications. Secondly, the job market isbecoming increasingly competitive, and sometimes there are hundreds of applicants for one position in a company. Young people who do not have qualifications from a university or college will not be able to compete.For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be successful in their careers if they continue their studies beyond school level. (271 words, band 9) 雅思写作真题范文教育话题--读书对孩子的影响Task：Some people think reading stories in book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Sample answer：Reading stories in books is a basic way for children to obtain knowledge and open their minds. Although watching TV and playing computer games are also popular educational methods among children, reading bookstore, in my view, is still better because of effectiveness and health.Compared to TV and games, learning by reading is more effective since it is a synthetic skill. Like any other skills, reading takes practice. Children learn to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. Then, they begin to comprehend the context, paragraph and chapter. To fully understand the content, children have to give all their attention to the text. Also, more than just understanding a certain topic, children tend to develop reasoning, imagination and critical thinking during reading books, which will help them to learn more efficiently and deeply in the future.In addition, reading books is good to children’s eyesight. According to some researches, spending too much time before a computer screen or watching TV will lead to shortsightedness.Therefore, reading is better for both efficiency and health purpose.Admittedly, the knowledge disseminated by vivid pictures on screen is easier for children to catch information, but too many moving objects and colorful images will distract children, especially to some young kids, from their primary tasks. Moreover, using TV and computers too long will lead to a sedentary life that is more harmful to one’s wrist and back.In conclusion, reading stories in book is better than TV and computers for it is a more effective way to learn and better for health.雅思大作文模板：读书比看电视好吗Some people think reading stories in book is better than watching TV or playing computer games for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree?雅思大作文模板范文参考：Reading stories in books is a basic way for children to obtain knowledge and open their minds. Although watching TV and playing computer games are also popular educational methods among children, reading bookstore, in my view, is still better because of effectiveness and health.Compared to TV and games, learning by reading is more effective since it is a synthetic skill. Like any other skills, reading takes practice. Children learn to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. Then, they begin to comprehend the context, paragraph and chapter. To fully understand the content, children have to give all their attention to the text. Also, more than just understanding a certain topic, children tend to develop reasoning, imagination and critical thinking during reading books, which will help them to learnmore efficiently and deeply in the future.In addition, reading books is good to children’s eyesight. According to some researches, spending too much time before a computer screen or watching TV will lead to shortsightedness. Therefore, reading is better for both efficiency and health purpose.Admittedly, the knowledge disseminated by vivid pictures on screen is easier for children to catch information, but too many moving objects and colorful images will distract children, especially to some young kids, from their primary tasks. Moreover, using TV and computers too long will lead to a sedentary life that is more harmful to one’s wrist and back.In conclusion, reading stories in book is better than TV and computers for it is a more effective way to learn and better for health.【高分语料库】雅思写作教育类——读书是否比看电视玩游戏更好Reading story books is better for children than watching television or playing computer games. Do you agree or disagree. 读书比看电视和玩游对于孩子更有利好，是否同意?(2015年12月12日雅思写作回忆)【名师预测】 (针对2015年12月12日)A study shows that a lot of children from the age 7 to 11 spend too much time watching television or playing video games. How do you think this problem influence the children their families and the society? What measures should be taken to solve?研究显示：7-11岁的孩子花费太多时间看电视或者玩游戏，这对于孩子和社会有哪些影响，如何解决?【范文赏析】【首段】背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 作家立场The contrivance of the television and the Internet has greatly diversified modern people’s cultural li fe，especially those children or teenagers. People differ greatly in their views as to whether or reading story books exerts a far more beneficial influence on those who are in the formative years compared with watching television or playing on-line games. My stand is that watching television and playing games is superior to reading story books.【解析】The contrivance of the television and the Internet has greatly diversified modern people’s cultural life 电视和网络的发明极大地丰富了人们的精神生活。
2015年12月5日雅思阅读预测
2015年12月5日雅思阅读预测1.石油衰落27/ yes [第一句话his successful prediction has hold a new generation of......experts at odac, who worry that the global peak in production with come in the next decade... E段开始的第一句话，说明此人影响力大]28/ Not Given [oil from that area then becomes less competitive in relation to other fuels, or to oil from other areas.定位D段文章是less competitive ... other fuels. 指的价格，题目是比其他持续的长。
不是一回事，但没有冲突，不能直接驳斥]29/ NO [末句Kenneth Deffeyes of Princeton university argues in a lively new book...that global oil production could peak as soon as 2004. E段开始第一句话，chief among... experts ... worry ...global peak. 但是文章说是ran out，一个高峰，一个用完，相互矛盾。
而且文章有next decade, 题目是this decade] 30/ No [末句only around 30-35% industry optimists believe that new techniques on the drawing today could life that figure to 50-605 within a decade.因为题目中此题有不同的两个答案争持不下。
2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析三---精品管理资料
Time to cool it1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and justa little bit dull。
They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea——draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it。
This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators’ main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings。
Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials。
These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra—red cameras。
2#015年12月12日雅思阅读预测
2015年12月12日雅思阅读预测---外朗教育The Gap of Ingenuity2 创新的空白2Matching1. C 【Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.】2. A 【How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including……, an easy cl imate or a pushing one, whatever the case may be.】3. D 【We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. conventional factors = traditional resources】4. B 【Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, orat least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power.】选择题5. B 【根据"incremental change of the last 100 years"定位到E段第一行，然后往后看可找到答案。
2015 12 19雅思预测
2015.12.19雅思预测写作部分：Task 1图片：就像上次预测中提到的一样，在月初最后的疯狂过后，图片题的2015年也许就宣告提前结束了，因为在雅思近年的历史上，还没有出现过一个月3场图片题的先例。
而且12-19作为2015年的最后一场考试，以图片题来收官，于情于理好像也都说不过去。
图表：仔细观察最近两年的图表题的话，细心的你会发现这样一个规律，13年和14年都是以饼图作为收官题目的，也许一张大饼的出现也意味着一年的圆满结束吧，英国佬儿有时候其实也挺迷信的。
所以12-19的考生，重点堤防饼图。
剩余题型的话，线图和表格可以作为次重点进行准备。
Task 2题型：上次预测中曾经提到12月的剩余两场考试中很可能会出一场说明文题目，但雅思大作文真的会以说明文来收官吗？13年不就是吗。
话题：12-12的考试果如小优所料，前两个月曾经扎堆出现的教育类题目出现了返场，但是接下来12-19指望教育类连场，小优认为可能性不大。
不过毕竟作为最后一场考试，出现难题的可能性也不大，因为考官们也不想给自己的圣诞假期添堵。
观察最近两年的收官题目，这一点就会得到很好的佐证。
那么剩余题型当中，科技类，环境类，文化类这三大类常规题型各位就要重点注意了。
最后，家长里短的生活类题目可作为次重点准备。
1. Leisure is a growing industry. People no longer entertain themselves as they used to because the use of modern technology has made them less creative. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2. Some people think traveling abroad is a valuable experience for young people. Others think it wastes too much time and expense. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.3. Air travel is cheap these days, allowing ordinary people to travel further. Some people say that airfare should be increased because this leads to environmental problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.4. Lifestyles and culture in many countries isbecoming similar，isit positive or negative?5. In multi-cultural societies, people of different cultural backgrounds live and work together. Do you think the advantages of multi-cultural societies outweigh the disadvantages?6. In many countries, average life expectancy has been increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and for society as a whole? Suggest some solutions.7. More and more people want to buy famous brands with clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?8. The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describe the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries?9. The government money should be invested in teaching science rather than other subjects so as to help a country make progress and develop. To what extent do you agree or disagree?10. Do you think how important it is for people to want success in life? Is ambition a positive or negative characteristic?11. More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people say that the price increase of fattening foods will solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?口语部分Part 2People1. 喜欢乘飞机的人Describe a person who likes to travel by plane.2. 长时间相处的家人Describe a family member that you have spent the most time with.3. 想见的新闻中的人Describe a person in the news that you would like to meet.4. 穿着时尚的人Describe a person you know who dresses well/ a person who is fashionable.5. 擅长外语的人Describe a person who can use/ speak a second language.6. 工作优秀的人Describe a person who can do well in work.7. 身居要职Describe a person whose job is important to the society.8. 让你笑的孩子Describe a time that a child did something that made you laugh.Object1. 环境法Describe a law about environment you would like to see in the future.2. 特别的歌Describe a song that means something special to you.3. 有关健康的文章Describe an article that you read from a magazine or from the internet about healthy life.4. 手工作品Describe a art or handcraft you made at school.5. 成功的小公司Describe a small and successful company you know.6. 费尽心思的礼物Describe a gift for others that took you long time choose.7. 想深入学习的东西Describe something that you want to learn more.8. 有教育意义的电视节目Describe an education TV program that you have seen.9. 历史建筑Describe ahistorical building in your country/ hometown.10. 家庭照片Describe a picture or photograph in your family/ a picture or photo you like most.11. 电影Describe a movie you have watched in a cinema or at home.12. 想学的新技能Describe a new skill you want to learn.13. 电器Describe an electronic machine you want to buy.14. 特殊、传统节日Describe a special/traditional festival in your culture/ country.Event1. 一日假期Describe something you would like to do if you were given a day off.2. 团队Describe a team you have been part of.3. 重要谈话Describe an important conversation that influenced you.4. 长途自驾游Describe a long car journey you went on.5. 长时间步行Describe along walk you ever had.6. 艺术活动Describe an art and craft activity you did at school.7. 噪音Describe a time someone or something made noise.8. 等待Describe a situation you waited for something.9. 成功Describe a success in your life.10. 开心的事Describe are cent happy event that you had.11. 遗忘Describe a time that you forgot something important.12. 有教育意义的旅途Describe an educational trip you went on.13. 意外相逢Describe a time when you feel surprised to meet someone.14. 早起Describe an occasion you got up extremely early.15. 特殊的旅行Describe a special trip you would like to go on in the future.16. 有偿工作Describe a paid job you ever did or someone you know ever did.17. 你所享受的年龄段Describe an age/ stage you enjoyed mostly in your life.18. 和朋友有分歧Describe a time that you and your friend had a disagreement.19. 当地好的改变Describe a change that will improve your local area.20. 健康运动Describe an activity you do to keep fit.21. 童年室内游戏Describe an indoor game that you liked to play when you were a child.22. 仰望天空Describe a time you watched the sky.23. 儿时的幸福家事Describe a happy family event from your childhood that you remember well.24. 借东西Describe a time when you borrowed something.Place1. 想去还未去的国家Describe a foreign country you want to visit but haven’t been to.2. 咖啡馆Describe a cafe or restaurant you like to visit?3. 街道Describe a street that you like to visit.4. 房子Describe a house or apartment you want to live in.5. 你想去的地方A place you would like to go6. 放松场所Describe a place that can be good to relax.7. 公园Describe a park/ garden you visited and liked/ that impressed you.8. 进水之地Describe a place near water (such as a river, a lake or the ocean)9. 读书写字的地方Describe a place where you can read and write.10. 短暂停留的地方Describe a place you visited but only for a short period time。
2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析五
new weapon to fight cancer1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer， which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.2. If successful， virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer， while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.3. Leonard Seymour， a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University， who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US， will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.4. One of the country's leading geneticists， Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly， while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle， you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy，" he said.5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that， the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour， viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate，you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process，" said Prof Seymour.7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours， which could be quite different to anything we've had before."8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system， effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it，" he said.11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour， it replicates， but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour， the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers， called metastases， which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers；75% of them go on to die from metastases，" said Prof Seymour.13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials：adenovirus， which normally causes a cold-like illness， and vaccinia， which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons， both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial， but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours， in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed， eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses， before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at firstfor cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments， Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？ For questions 1-6 writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage1.Virus therapy， if successful， has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely ina tumor and replicate.5.To infect the cancer cells， a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.Question 7-9 Based on the reading passage， choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers8.To treat tumors spreading out in body， researchers try to(A) change the body’ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates， the copies(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading outQuestions 10-13 Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.In the first clinical trials， scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia， so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the ri ght ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancersList of Wordsdosage responding smallpox virusdisable natural ones injectdirected treatment cold-like illnesskill patients examinedAnswers Keys：1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful， virus therapy could eventually forma third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer， while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。
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2015年12月12日雅思阅读预测---外朗教育The Gap of Ingenuity2 创新的空白2Matching1. C 【Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.】2. A 【How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including……, an easy climate or a pushing one, whatever the case may be.】3. D 【We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. conventional factors = traditional resources】4. B 【Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, orat least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power.】选择题5. B 【根据"incremental change of the last 100 years"定位到E段第一行，然后往后看可找到答案。
"Because these changes have accumulated slowly, it's often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping they've.】6. B 【In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, andpace of our inter actions with each other…】7. C【…, because they are often very sensitive to the smallest of changes and perturbations, and their behavior can flip from one mode to another suddenly and dramatically.】判断题8. YES 【The good news, though, is that the last century’s stunning changes in our societies and technologies have not just increased our need for ingenuity;… 】9. YES 【…we can't always rely on the right kind of ingenuity appearing when and where we need it. 我们不能总指望在我们有需要的时候，恰好就有相应的创造产生。
】10. YES 【Very few of us have more than a rudimentary understanding of how these systems work.】11. NO 【explore a wide range of other factors that will limit our ability to supply the ingenuity required in the coming century.】12. NOT GIVEN 【文章并没有提到说下一代对政府管理的责备的问题】13.YES 【题干说科学在某些领域会发展得比其他领域快，本意是科学各个方面分支发展快慢不一的现实。
原文见L 段的第6行, and science's rate of advance ...意思是有些现象或领域就是比其他的现象或领域难，那么这些领域中的知识进步会非常缓慢。
】14.NO 【Progress in the social sciences is especially slow, for reasons we don't yet understand. 文章中说的是由于某些未知的原因，社会科学的进步尤其缓慢，而不是题干中说的，社会科学不如自然科学重要。
】Density and Crowding 拥挤和人口密度1. iv Problems that result in crowding 【.., there are three significant trends ...All of these trends are producing increased crowding and perception of crowding.】2. vii definitions of crowding and density【...crowding and density are no necessarily the same. Density is ...Crowding is ...】3. x Nature and results of Calhoun’s experiment 【A classic crowding study was done by Calhoun,.......B段讲述了Calhoun的一个关于拥挤的研究，当受到空间限制的时候，出现的一些列负面影响。
】4. i Other experiments on the base of Calhoun’s experiment【D段首句有说other research啊~主要是D段首句就明确提及＂Calhoun的result使得后面进行了其他研究＂这就体现了选项中的＂on the base of Calhoun's experiment＂】5. vi What cause the upset feel of crowding【There are several reasons why crowding makes us feel uncomfortable.】6. ii The effects of crowding in the social scope on people 【F 段中监狱的性别（male and female）的举例子这是本段几个支持细节中的一个，所以选择ix （明显迷惑选项），因为无法概括第1句中心句和后面低个例子offered helping diffusion（提供帮助减少）例子就没有性别概念；F段首句即说了social density is associated with negative effects on human beings。
讲density对人类的影响，段落接下来具体举了很多了例子进行支持。
与选项ii意思相符。
B段区分的是纯粹的＂density＂的概念。
而F段用的是＂social density＂】7. viii Advice for crowded work environment【Facing all these problems, what are we going to do with them?....The ability to cope with crowding is also influenced by the relationship the individual has with the other people in the situation.面临问题该怎么办，体现了选项中的advice】8. privacy 【There are strong feelings of a lack of privacy-being unable to pay attention to what you want without being repeatedly interrupted or observed byothers.】9. male prison 【题目问的是inmates。
其实可以这么想，如果你填small rooms 成立的话，其实后半句里的large rooms也就有可能也是答案了。
9题与F段第三句替换了：inmates in high density settings = inmates living in conditions of higherdensities;9题与F段第三句间的关系：inmates in high density settings = inmatesliving in conditions of higher densities，more aggressive = more likely to suffer fromfight。
因此答案就浮出水面了：male prison】10. personal space【These differences relate to the different personal spacerequirements of the genders.因为need就是requirement的意思再填requirement就多余了;且10题gender已经与题目中的male and female替换了】11. attraction/attraction levels【Besides, baum and Greenberg found that high density leads to decreased attraction, both physical attraction and link towards others and it appears to have gender differences in impact that density has on attraction levels, with males experiencing a more extreme reaction】12. help 【This may be due to the fact that people diffuse responsibility amongthemselves with no-one feeling that they ought to be the one to help. 12题bereluctant to do sth. 判断词性为动词原形。