建筑学英语词汇、句子

UNIT ONEARCHITRCTURE1.edifice大建筑物，体系pressive strength抗压强度3.span 架设，跨度4.tensile strength抗拉强度5.skeleton构架，轮廓，草图6.cantilever悬臂梁7.project 伸出，设计8.nave 正厅9.aisle（注意读音）侧廊10.transept 教堂左右两翼11.chapel 私人祈祷处12.apse 耳室13.Gothic cathedral 哥特式教堂14. module 模数15.balustrade 栏杆16.colonnade柱廊17.ornament 装饰物（decoration)18.column柱子( post, pillar)19.Golden section黄金分割The precise activities to be housed in any specific building, ranging from an assembly line in a factory to a living room in a home, should dictate the size and shape of the several areas within.翻译：将要容纳在具体建筑物中明确的各种活动，范围从工厂流水线到住宅的起居室，都应限定其中各部分空间的大小和形状。

Furthermore, a structure must be well built , it could have such permanence as the purpose for which it is intended demands and as the materials chosen may allow.此外，一座建筑的结构必须建造良好，必须具有永久性。

这种永久性既是设计意图要求的，也是材料选择许可的。

In stone buildings, windows doors, and the spaces between columns are almost compelled to be taller than they are wide---the vertical rectangle of the stone aesthetic.在石建筑中，窗、门以及支柱间的空间，其高度不得不超过宽度，从而形成了狭长的矩形的石建筑美。

Wood, a fibrous material, withstand tension as readily as it does compression.as readily as 容易地、无困难地翻译：木材是一种纤维质材料，既可以承受压力，又可以承受拉力。

Wooden beams may be relatively longer than stone beams, and wooden posts slender and widely spaced.木梁比石梁相对长一些，木柱子则比较细，并且间距宽。

A horizontal rectangle, wider than its high, results from the natural properties of wood, as may be seen in Japanese architecture.由于木材的天然性能而形成宽度大于高度的扁而宽的矩形建筑，正如，正如在日本建筑中看到的那样.Architecture calls for good proportions(比例）–a pleasing relationship of void to solid, of height to width, of length to breadth.虚与实、高与宽、长与宽Anyone who has observed a steel building under construction must have noticed the gridiron of horizontal rectangles produced by the slender, widely spaced columns and the long beams of each floor.be under construction 正在施工任何观察过正在施工的钢结构建筑的人，必定注意到地板上细长而且间隔很宽的柱子形成的横向矩形的格状结构。

The Study of ArchitectureKey wordsBachelor of Architecture 建筑学学士Required course 必修课Behavioral sciences 行为科学Freehand drawing 徒手画Three-dimensional 三维的Descriptive geometry 画法几何Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土Construction supervision 施工监理Site planning 场地规划etc.缩写= et cetera (and) 等等Key wordsgo through the fire 历尽磨难full time course 全日制课程play hell with 困境auxiliary 辅助chisel 雕刻Functionalism 功能主义atelier 画室meager 缺乏make up 弥补UNIT TWO HOUSINGKEY WORDS:housing 住宅，住宅建筑quarters 住宅，住处neighborhood 街坊，住宅小区single-family 独户，独户的metropolitan 大城市的accessibility 可达性dwelling 住处，寓所semidetached 半独立的（房屋）row houses 排式住宅plot 基址，小块地皮terrace 露台by virtue of 凭借，依靠hallway 门厅，过道tenement-house 租用房屋，经济公寓zoning 分区制building codes 建筑规范sanitary 卫生的Key wordsfortified wall 城墙estate地产real estate 房地产Middle Age 中世纪Industrial Revolution 工业革命slum 贫民窟textile town 纺织城mining town 矿业城as a rule 通常ventilation 通风Great Depression 大萧条As a rule, row houses made up the streets of the company towns.通常，联排住房构成公司城镇的街道。

exemption 免税free-enterprise 自由经营shantytown 平民窟The act provided for grants-in-aid （中央给地方的拨款/补助金，助学金）for slum clearance and housing rehabilitation, improvement of sewage and water facilities, supplementary rent payments to low-income facilities, health and recreation facilities, urban renewal, and suburban community development.该法令提供拨款清除贫民窟，更新住房，改善给排水设施、给低收入家庭补贴房租；改善医疗、娱乐设施，支持城市改建和社区发展。

In crowded areas where land is fairly expensive, the semidetached, or two-family house is frequently found.由于人口稠密地区地皮昂贵，所以连璧住房，即两户式住房随处可见。

A theater includes a stage or performing area and an auditorium or viewing place for the audience.UNIT THREE THE LANGUAGE OF ARCHITECTUREKEY WORDS:aboriginal 土著的refined 精细的illiterate 文盲的put down 认为spire 塔尖innumerable 无数的indeterminate 不确定的intangible 触摸不到的interpretive 解释的receptive 有接受能力的humble 地位低下的closet 衣橱hinge 合页mansion 大厦doorway 入口allow for 考虑到banner 旗帜Triumph arch 凯旋门plaza 广场exclusively 专有的Thus the final meaning is an indeterminate intangible which depends, just as does poetry or music, on the creative and expression power of the creator and the interpretive(说明）or receptive capacity（理解力) of those who respond.因此，参与交际的双方所涉及的人有巨大的差别，就像诗歌和音乐一样其含义取决于作者的创造力和表现力以及应答者的理解力和感受力。

New wordshive 蜂巢cubicle 小寝室，小隔间toil 辛苦工作routine 例行公事vague 模糊的womb 子宫thriller 恐怖电影creak 嘎吱作响open sesame 芝麻开门affective 感情的，情绪上的burglar 小偷term 术语anthropomorphism神人同形，拟人dignity 威严，高尚的品德dictator 独裁者pediment三角形山墙rock-and-roll摇摆舞façade 立面scratch 抓，挠，勉强糊口suffice it to say that 只要说----就够了self-indulgent 放纵，任性snugness 舒适Much the same sort of expressive functions are performed by the other architectural elements----columns, roofs, steps, railings, and so on.column 柱子roof 屋顶step 台阶railing 栏杆Unit five The Domain of Urban Design Key Wordsdomain范围，领域spatial 空间的planner 规划者circulation 交通流线landmark 地标skyline 天际线spaciousness 宽敞monotony 单调orientation 朝向，方位compatibility 一致性，互换性microclimate 微气候mall 林荫道，购物中心windswept 挡风的guideline 指导路线categorization 分类preservation 保存，维护city country finger 城乡指状模式exodus 成群外出diagram 图表reckon 评价，推想scatter 分散interlock 连结thumb 大拇指the index finger 食指the middle (long) finger 中指the ring finger无名指the little (small) finger小拇指vacation假期vocation职业avocation嗜好highway公路，大路express way 高速公路recreation 娱乐、休闲entertainmentrelaxationenjoymentcity planningurban planning 城市规划master plan 总图shopping center 购物中心long-range goal 长期目标zoning and building codes 区划和建筑规范Ordinance and regulation 法令和条令Unit six readingmaterial A Web of Shoppingweb of shopping 商业网shopping chains 连锁店go out of business 破产homogeneously 均匀地，同性质地distribute 分布、分配seller 卖主shopkeeper 店主procedure 步骤stable 稳定的unstableinstability 不定性community 社区guarantee 保证precise 精确地catch basin 领域、范围reading material B Green Streetsasphalt 沥青local 地方的local road 小区道路microclimate 微气候drainage 下水道devastate 破坏high speed road 高速公路pave 铺路gravel 鹅卵石resent 对—不满driveway 车道assume 采取consistent 一致的environmental 环境的closed 关闭的through traffic 过境车辆distinction 区别lane 小巷moss 苔藓On local roads, closed to through traffic, plant grass all over the road and set occasional paving stones into the grass to form a surface for the wheel of those cars that need access to the street.在小区道路临近过境交通的地方，种植草坪，在草坪中零星布置石块，为需要通过街道的汽车提供硬质铺面。