【名师整理】2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题18-虚拟语气
高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习.doc
高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习概述：语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用于表示所说的话与现在的事实相反，或与过去的事实相反，或与将来的事实相反。
表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况。
虚拟语气一般用于正式的书面语中。
多用于复合句中。
虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形式表达出来的。
w If they invite me this evening, I shall go with them. （陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大）w If they invited me this evening, I should go with them. （虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性小或者根本不可能）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
w If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
高考英语虚拟语气练习及详解
虚构语气一、考点聚焦1、虚构语气用于条件状语从句中（ 1）表示与此刻事实相反的假定，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（b e 动词的过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去达成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：（3）表示与未来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.( 从句说的是过去，主句指的是此刻 )以下表格是虚构语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：有时侯在使用时可省略 if,句子则可换成以下形式，即“were / had / should + 主语”。
如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.1/14Were it not for the expense, I would go to .2、虚气用于名性从句（ 1）虚气在从句中的运用。
①“ wish + 从句”表示不可以的梦想，“假如⋯⋯就好了”等。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
最新高考英语复习_语法填空之虚拟语气100题(练案)解析版
语法填空之虚拟语气100题（练案）解析版（思维导图+考点细目表+五年真题分类通关+名校好题通关）（思维导图+高考真题+模拟试题）一、虚拟语气考点思维导图【高考命题细目表】二、虚拟语气高考真题分类通关1.（2020江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am.答案：wouldn’t be解析：考查虚拟语气。
句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。
分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。
故填wouldn’t be。
2.（2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________________(have) a good time together.答案：would have had解析：考查虚拟语气。
句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。
根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故填would have had。
3. （2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.答案：would have accomplished解析：考查虚拟语气。
句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。
高考英语虚拟语气重点归纳和练习
高考英语虚拟语气重点归纳和练习虚拟语气的重点是：1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。
2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。
3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。
4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。
下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。
一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---"I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon."---"That's all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own."I wish that he weren't so lazy.(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
虚拟语气总结附练习及答案
虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。
如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。
如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
2020高考英语语法专题讲解与训练 虚拟语气
语法专题虚拟语气[考点解析]1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词过去式用were）”，主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。
（事实上她没有时间）（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：It we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.如果我们早点出发, 就不会错过这列火车了。
（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如：If Professor Li should have/were to have/had time tomorrow, we could ask himquestions. 如果李教授明天有时间的话, 我们就可以问他问题了。
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式见下表：(1)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserablelife. 如果中国没有解放，那么劳动人民仍会过着悲惨的生活。
(从句指过去, 主句指现在)（2）在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if，将had, were或should 提至句首。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
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专题十八虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。
此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表二、其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。
如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。
2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。
He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。
(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。
如：Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。
Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。
4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。
如：But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。
Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。
5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。
如：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。
考点练透一、单句填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. — If he ___________ (warn), he ___________ (not take) that food.— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___________ (break).3. I would rather they ___________ (not hear) of the news.4. I wish ___________ (have) a room of my won when I was a child.5. But for the teacher, I ___________ (not change) my attitude to study yet.6. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.7. If I had worked harder at school, I ___________ (sit) in a comfortable office now.8. Her pale face suggested that she ___________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she ___________ (have) a medical examination.9. I insisted he ___________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___________ (be) wrong with him.10. He asks that he ___________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused to go there.11. It is high time we ___________ (get) down to discuss this plan.12. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.13. Who do you suggest ___________ (send) to work there?14. I would have come earlier, but I ___________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.15. If it ___________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.16. If there were no air, people ___________ (die).17. If he ___________ (study) harder, he might pass the exam.18. If he ___________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.19. We would rather you ___________ (go) here tomorrow.20. It is high time that you ___________ (go) to pick up your daughter at school.二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If therehave more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2 (listen) to my favorite music for an hour a daythe exams. Without good marks, I 9 (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it’s high time that I三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What will happen if ice caps melt?The level of the world’s oceans will rise. 1 this is not the real problem, the problem is that these white ice caps reflect sunlight, much of 2 is reflected back into space, in(extinct) of all living organisms.●If all the ice melted, north and south pole, Antarctica, Greenland, and all, sea levels would rise 6 175 and 225 feet.●Coastal areas would essentially disappear, and roughly a third of the earth’s existing l andmass (大陆) 7 (flood). I t is estimated that 60% of the world’s population lives in the coastal plains.●Many inland areas would be affected as well, 8 water tables, rivers, and lakes would all rise 9 their previous heights.●The animals that l ive in the cold (polar bears, penguins and arctic foxes) will become endangered.Most important of all, there are many other 10 (predict) bad results human may be faced with. Are you afraid of that now?助读词汇reflector n. 反射物absorb vt. 吸收essentially adv. 基本上roughly adv.粗略地plain n. 平原in turn 转而be up to 达到living organism 生物体north and south pole 北极和南极coastal area 沿海地区It is es timated that… 据估计……arctic fox 北极狐参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. had been warned; wouldn’t have taken2. were broken3. hadn’t heard4. had had5. wouldn’t have changed6. would be7. would be sitting8. was; (should) have9. (should) go; was 10. (should) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be sent 14. didn’t know 15. should/were to rain 16. would die 17. studied 18. had taken 19. went 20. went二、语篇填空1. were2. listened3. played4. (should) hold5. (should) organize6. (should) be7. would8. realized / should realize / were to realize9. would 10. encouraged三、语法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的话，会发生什么？1. But 根据上文和空后的this is not the real problem可知填But。