城轨英语单元12

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城市轨道交通专业英语翻译题

一单元；1、A maglev is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track ,and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism是一种类型的磁悬浮列车悬浮在空中上面一条清晰的足迹,和推进的反感和有吸引力的部队使用的磁性2、Japan and Germany are active in maglev research ,producing several different approaches and designs .日本和德国都活跃在磁悬浮研究、生产几种不同的方法和设计。

3、The effect of a powerful magnetic field on the human body is largely unknown 一个强大的影响磁场对人体是未知4 ，Some space agencies are researching the use of maglev systems to launch spacecraft 一些空间研究机构磁悬浮系统使用发射的宇宙飞船里踱步5，Inductrack(感应轨) was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store powerInductrack最初是作为一个磁轴承飞轮电机和一个存储能力二单元；1，A classification yard is railroad yard found at some freight train stations , used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks一个分类码是发现在一些货运铁路院子火车站,用来分离的一个铁路汽车在几条轨道2,There are three types of classification yards : flat-shunted yards ,hump yards and gravity yards有三种类型的分类码:flat-shunted码,驼峰码和重力码3,F reight trains which consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations货运列车由孤立的车辆必须制成火车和划分根据他们的目的地4,The tracks lead into a flat shunting neck at one or both ends of the yard where the cars are pushed to sort then into the right track铁轨引到一个平面并联脖颈一个或两端的院子里的汽车被推到分类然后进入正确的轨道5,they are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically他们要么气动或液压操作三单元1，The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and streetcar or tram systems.最困难的区别之间画是轻轨和电车或电车系统。

《城市轨道英语》B卷

专业：姓名：班级：装订线2014---2015学年第一学期城轨专业《城市轨道英语》课期末考试试卷B 卷题号一二三四五六合计标准分 15 55 30 实得分一、V ocabulary and Phrase （15道小题，每小题1分，共15分） 1. 设计使用年限 operation concept 2. 运营概念 operation speed 3. 旅行速度 gauge 4. 限界 main line 5. 正线 assistant line 6. 辅助线 connecting line 7. 联络线 designed lifetime 8. 试车线 track structure 9. 轨道结构 gauge of track 10. 轨距 seamless track11. 无缝线路 monolithic track-bed 12. 整体道床 subgrade13. 路基 computed length of platform 14. 站台计算长度 public zone of station 15. 车站公共区 testing line二、ranslate the following sentences into Chinese （11小题，每小题5分，共55分）1、A maglev is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track ,and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism2、Japan and Germany are active in maglev research ,producing several different approaches and designs .3、The effect of a powerful magnetic field on the human body is largely unknown4、Some space agencies are researching the use of maglev systems to launch spacecraft5、Inductrack(感应轨) was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store power6、A classification yard is railroad yard found at some freight train stations , used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks专业：姓名：班级：装订线7、There are three types of classification yards : flat-shunted yards ,hump yards and gravity yards8、F reight trains which consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations9、The tracks lead into a flat shunting neck at one or both ends of the yard where the cars are pushed to sort then into the right track10、they are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically11、The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and streetcar or tram systems.三、Fill in the blanks （30空，每空10分，共30分）名称全称中文意义FAS BAS AFC ATP ATS ATC ATO SCADA OCC MMI UPS MOC IDC LAN WAN。

专业英语(城市轨道)【习题带答案】

专业英语（城市轨道）习题一、单项选择题1. My mother brought ____________last week. (A)A. me a shirtB. a shirt meC. me shirt D ought to2. ____________I was born, my mother had my elder brother. (B)A. WhenB. BeforeC. After D we go3. 236 is ____________. (A)A. two hundred and thirty-sixB. two hundreds and thirty-sixC. two hundred thirty-six D) It was the 1960’s4. If you____________hard, you ____________the exam. (C)A. will work, will passB. work, passC. work, will pass D will work ,pass5. ____________be afraid of making mistakes! (A)A. Don’tB. Can’tC. Mustn’t D mayn’t6. If you want ________ you have to get the fund somewhere.(B)A) that the job is done B) the job done C) to have done the job D) the job that is don7. There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________.(A)A) what to do with B) how to do C) to do with it D) to do it8. It’s no use ________ me not to worry.(B)A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told9. I have two boys but ________ of them likes sweets.(B)A) both B) neither C) either D) none10. Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.(D)A) was he able to make himself hear B) he was able to make himself hearC) he was able to make himself heard D) was he able to make himself heard11. ________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.(B)A) To be given B) Having been given C) Having given D) Giving12. If it ________ too much tro uble, I’d love a cup of tea.(A)A) isn’t B) wasn’t C) weren’t D) hadn’t been13. My sister’s professor had her ________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.(C)A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting14. silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ________ it closely.(B)A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed15. They are considering ________ before the prices go up.(D)A) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house16. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow.(A)A) make things easier B) make it easier C) be easier D) be easier to make17. They will have it finished in ________.(D)A) three quarter of an hour time B) three quarters of an hour timeC) three quarter of an hour’s time D) three quarters of an hour’s time18. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ________ into dozens of languages in the last decade.(C)A) to have been translated B) to translateC) to be translated D) to have translated19. He went ahead ________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.(C)A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to20. We object ________ puni shing a whole group for one person’s fault.(C)A) against B) about C) to D) or21. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; ________; I can’t speak too highly of him.(B)A) as a result B) in a word C) by the way D) on the contrary22. The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been ________ filled in.(D)A) consequently B) regularly C) comprehensively D) properly23. I shall have companion in the house after all these ________ years.(D)A) single B) sole C) alone D) lonely24. After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived ________.(B)A) till the last B) at last C) by the end D) at the end25. None of the servants were ________ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A)A) available B) attainable C) approachable D) applicable26. I can’t ________ what that object is.(C)A) make up B) make over C) make out D) make for27. I want to buy a new tie to ________ this brown suit.(C)A) go into B) go after C) go with D) go by28. The newest satellite can ________ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.(A)A) carry B) extend C) bring D) take29. I can ________ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud nois es.(C)A) come up with B) catch up with C) put up with D) keep up with30. When the whole area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.(D)A) cut away B) cut down C) cut up D) cut off31. The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.(A)A) after B) with C) by D) from32. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.(D)A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available33. It wasn’t su ch a good dinner ________ she had promised us.(C)A) that B) which C) as D) what34. They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.(C)A) unless B) until C) before D) although35. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.(B)A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One36. All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.(D)A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed37. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.(A)A) When compared B) Compare C) While comparing D) Comparing38. ________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.(C)A) That was from Stephen B) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen that D) It was Stephen that39. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.(D)A) suit B) set C) one D) pair40. Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.(A)A) opportunities B) necessities C) realities D) probabilities41. He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.(A)A) would have been here B) had to be hereC) should be here D) would be here42. It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline.(C)A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent43. We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.(D)A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had44. The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.(A)A) consequently B) continuously C) constantly D) consistently45. The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.(C)A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected46. The engine ________ smoke and steam.(D)A) gives up B) gives in C) gives away D) gives off47. The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.(C)A) to be informed B) on informing C) informed D) informing48. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.(A)A) release B) relieve C) relate D) retain49. She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.(B)A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did50. The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.(B)A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which51. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quiet neighborhood.(B)A) all in all B) above all C) after all D) over all52. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.(B)A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now53. What you have d one is ________ the doctor’s orders.(D)A) attached to B) responsible to C) resistant to D) contrary to54. John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.(A)A) not going B) not to go C) not having been going D) not to be going55. They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.(C)A) carried out B) carried off C) carried on D) carried forward56. Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.(A)A) to have left B) to be leaving C) to leave D) to have been left57. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.(B)A) treated B) adjusted C) adopted D) remedied58. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.(C)A) wording out B) having worded outC) having been worded out D) to have been worded out59. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.(C)A) hurt B) damaged C) spoiled D) harmed60. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.(B)A) take B) hand C) think D) get61.Mary couldn’t make herself _______ attention to because her classmates made so much noise. （A）A. paidB. to payC. payD. paying62.Was it through Mary , ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? （C）A. who, whoB. that, whichC. who, thatD. who, which63.Every minute is made full use of _______ our lessons. （B）A. studyingB. to studyC. studyD. being studied64.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.（A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing65. —Would you like _______ , sir? —No, thanks. I have had much. （C）A．some more oranges B．any more oranges C．some more orange D．any more orange66.He suggested the person referred _______ put into prison.（C）A. isB. beC. to beD. should be67.—Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. —_____________. （A）A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does68.“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”（B）A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody69.“I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think so.”（A）A. don't youB. don't IC. doesn't heD. doesn't she70.Don't you know _____, my dear friend, it is you that she loves? （C）A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what71. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it. （B）A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until72.If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.（A）A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not73.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? （C）--- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting74.She's too thin. She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.（C）A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate75. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph.（C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out76.She can't help _____ the house because she's busy making a cake. （A）A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned77. The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses __________ vacation to China. （B）A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid78.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it. （B）A. correctingB. to correctC. correctedD. correct79.He ________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. （D）A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned80.The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that81. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty. （B）A. ExceptB. Except forC. Except thatD. Besides82. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph. （C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out83.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last. (B)A. to arriveB. to arrivedC. to arrivingD. should arrive84. --- What do you think made Mary so upset ? (C) --- ____ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing.85.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____ translated into a foreign language. （A）A. themB. which C . it D. what86.Mr. Smith is a painter, _____ I should also like to be.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it87. As soon as he comes back, I’ll te ll him when _______ and see him. （A）A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come88..I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____. （A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing89.After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.（C）A. whichB. itC. whatD.that90.He was so angry at all _____ she was doing _____ he walked out. （B）A. what, thatB. that, thatC. that, whichD. what, as二、多选题(B.D) 1. In this factory, ________often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.A. admittedB. suggestionsC.absorbedD.considered(B.C) 2. The boy ________ out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.A. commandB. slippedC. consentD. compromise(A.B) 3.Our_____ has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A. powerfulB. research lC. monstrousD. vigorous(B.D) 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ 、_____the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. in(B.C) 5. Henry's news report _____ the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.A. understandingB. covering C .comprehensive D. understandable(A.D) 6. She was _____that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.A. afraidB. placeC. seatD. connection(B.C) 7. The ship was _____ in a storm _____ Jamaica.A. drownedB. offC. wreckedD. submitted(B.D) 8. No one has _____ been able to trace the _____ of the poem.A. stillB. yetC. alreadyD. author(A.B) 9. _____than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.A. MoreB. predominantly C practically D. permanently(A.C)10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but _____all the details. A. concise B. clear C. with D. elaborate(C.D)11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, _____it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. chargeC. blameD. although(C.D)12. The worker agreed to _____ 、________the strike if the company would satisfy their .A. call forB. call forthC. call offD. demands(B.D)13. I could just see a car in the ________, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.A. look outB. make outC. get acrossD. distance(A.D)14. He ha ________his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.A. impressedB. yetC. finallyD. accordingly(B.D)15. It was a great _____ for him to be ________to people he didn't like.A. attemptB. pleasantC. powerD. effort(A.D)16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire ________time.A. extinguishB. preventC. suppressD. in(A.B)17. What is most ________in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.A. obviousB. anything butC. above allD. rather than(C.D)18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously ________.A. broken offB. taken offC. written offD. injured(B.D)19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much ________ to you for your kind cooperation.A. even soB. ever soC. as yetD. obliged(B.D)20. His new appointment takes _____ from the of next month.A. placeB. effectC. postD. obliged、(B.C)21. The policeman stopped him ________he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.A. chargedB. accusedC. whenD. deprived(B.D)22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the ________.A. attainedB. subjectC. requiredD. acquired(A.D) 23. This is the _____ piano on which the ________created some of his greatest works.A. actualB. genuineC. realD. composer(C.D)24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny ________.A. treatedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. conditions(B.D)25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of ________.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. maturity（ABCD）26. CAMEL Rating System includes：A、Capital adequacyB、Asset qualityC、Management abilityD、Earning performance（ABCD）27. What are the several steps of Savings deposits?A, open an account B、deposit money C、withdraw money D、Account Closing（ABCD ）28. Bank's internal audit departments periodically review the rating system and its banking operations, the prosecution trial included____.A、Operation of the credit sector.B、Probability of default.C、LGD(loss given default).D、Default risk exposure.（BC）29. The typical measures of internal control included:A. risk identifiedB. behavior controlC. assessment and authorizationD. Information Exchange( BCD )30 The followings can be classified as off-balance sheet business are:A. DepositsB. Trust ConsultingC.L/CD. Agency(ABC)31. The Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) is made up of three elements, they are:A. a definition of regulatory capitalB. risk-weighted assetsC. credit conversion factors (CCFs)D. internal control and audit(ABCD)32. The risk exposure and assessment disclosures relate toA. credit riskB. market riskC. operational riskD. interest rate risk in the banking book（ABCD）33. Strong mobility management, including key factors：A. Good management information systemB. Control of the Central LiquidityC. Options of the net funding requirementsD. Diversification of financing sources, and contingency plans(ABCD)34. Which of the followings are the products of corporate debtsA .revolving liquidity loan B. trade financing loanC. corporate account overdraftD. syndicated loan（AD）35. The methods of issuing financial bonds include:A. through market distributionB. through agreementC. through lead commercial bank underwritingD. through directional distribution(BCD)36. The main causes that would lead to internal control failure includeA、poor external supervision and regulation;B、lack of internal supervision;C、disordered control structure;D、neglecting the risks of new business.（ABD）37. Which three major risks of the following are the Chinese banking institute facing at present time? (multiple choices)A. credit riskB. market riskC. legal riskD. operation risk（AB）38. Quantitative and consolidated supervision concludesA. the supervision of inside transactionB. capital supervisionC. the supervision of interest conflictsD. the supervision of financial safety nets free-rider(BCD)39. Component Risk Assessment contains:A. reportB. Inherent RiskC. Risk ControlD. Risk in Future(ABC)40. What are the approaches for measuring the operation risk proposed by the Basel II:A. Basic indicator approachB. Standardized approachC. Advanced measurement approachD. Internal Rating Approach（A B C）41. Loan guarantees includesA、Mortgage；B、Pledge；C、guarantee；D、letter of comfort（ABCD）42. Which kind of loan below belongs to the category of corporate loans?A、Working Capital Circular LoansB、Trade Financing loansC、Corporate Account OverdraftD、Syndicated Loans三．判断题1、American food is tasteless and innutritious.（Ｘ）2、Hatred is the very feeling the author has about what science has done to food. （Ｘ）3、Old-fashioned cheeses can no longer be bought anywhere in the United States. （Ｘ）4、What the author calls “cheeses foods” used to be hand-made in small factories. （Ｘ）5、The author says it is a scientific discovery that the largest number of people will buy a less-tasty cheese if that is all they can get. （Ｘ）6、The author thinks it wrong to cut costs by mass-producing “standardized” cheese.(√)7、Men are not snobbish almost about everything. （Ｘ）8、There is no snobbery about any disfiguring or mortal disease. （Ｘ）9、Keats died young of tuberclosis. (√)10、It is clear that all snobberies are mentioned in this essay. （Ｘ）11、Literary men have no desire to seek publicity. （Ｘ）12、The author finds the present level of taxation justifiable（Ｘ）13、Modern men also have primitive impulse. (√)14、The love of power is not always a bad motive. (√)15、The author hates frozen foods in spite of their seeming advantages. (√)16、The capital ratios expected to be maintained by all banks are 4% for Tier 1 and 8% for Total capital. （Ｘ）17、In all G-10 countries, the minimum ratios for Tier 1 and Total capital are 6% and 10%, respectively. （Ｘ）18、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratios are each 4%. （Ｘ）19、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 ratio is 4% and the minimum Total capital ratio is 8%. (√)20、According to the corporation law, the company structure includes the shareholders, the board of directors and the supervisory board. （Ｘ）21、 A general definition of Related-party transactions is transactions between banks and related parties, especially loan business. (√)22、Operating profit、Total profit and net profit are three different indicators of profit (√)23、Generally loans are classified as Standard, Special mention, Substandard, Doubtful。

城市轨道交通英语-样章

Unit 8 Metro Trouble Shooting / 69
Part I Speaking / 70
Part II Part III Part IV
Reading Washington Metro Train Collision / 72 Good to Know 世界地铁主要事故 / 75 Exercises / 76
前言
本书是在我国城市化进程蓬勃发展、城市轨道交通在各大城市如火如荼建设的背景下推出的一部反映轨道交通行业前沿成果的专业英语教材，旨在培养学生运用专业英语从事城市轨道交通服务和城市轨道交通管理工作。本书立足于城市轨道交通服务，涵盖了城角度进行了梳理，是一部体系完备、注重应用、对提高学生的英语和专业水平均有帮助的城市轨道交通专业英语教材。
Part I Speaking / 23 Part II Reading Metro Platform / 26 Part III Good to Know 地铁车站设备概述 / 28 Part IV Exercises / 29
Unit 4 Metro Card / 31
Part I Speaking / 32 Part II Reading Metro Card / 34 Part III Good to Know 地铁文化世界与世界文化（Ⅰ） / 37 Part IV Exercises / 38
Unit 2 Beijing Subway / 13
Part I Part II Part III
Speaking / 14 Reading Beijing Subway / 17 Good to Know 地铁乘车指南 / 19
Part IV Exercises / 20

城市轨道交通客运服务英语——第十二章 Operating in Bad Weather

Ⅰ Practice and Learn
Mini Talks
4. No Reversing. A:Hello, Ms. Please don，t reverse along this road! B:Sorry! Then which way could I go out of the station? A:Please go along that way, and then turn left. B:I know now. Thanks! A:Due to the rain, we must divide the passengers inside and outside. Thanks for understanding. 5. A Blocked Exit A:Sorry, Sir! You can transit this way. Please get outside from the other exit. B:What，s wrong? Why can，t I go this way? A:Sorry! Due to the heavy rain, there is some water pull into the station. So we have to close the exit. But you can go out from the other exit. B:Thank you!
Ⅰ Practice and Learn
Exercises
Answer the following questions according to the dialogue and try to make dialogues with your partner. 1. What service do you think a Metro station should supply, especially in bad weather? 2. Do you think it is necessary to supply passengers with umbrellas? Why? 3. Do you think bad weather has any bad influence on a Metro station? Why do you think so? 4. How do you deal with bad weather if you have to take a Metro to some place? 5. Do you think that a reception providing various services to passengers in a Metro station is necessary or not? Why do you think so?

城市轨道交通专业英语

城市轨道交通运营管理专业专业英语ListListChapter 1: Development of Urban Rail Transit Speeds up in China (3)Chapter 2 Rapid Transit (12)Chapter 3RAIL TRANSIT IN NORTH AMERICA (23)Chapter 4 The Railroad Track (40)Chapter 5 General Vehicle Description (45)Chapter 6A TP Transmission and Moving Block (53)Chapter 7Control of Railway Operation (62)Chapter 8Train Station Passenger Flow Study (74)Chapter 9Metrocard Fare Incentives (81)Chapter 10 Audible Information Design in the New York City Subway (86)Chapter 1: Development of Urban Rail Transit Speeds up in China With the development of urban rail transit, on the one hand, it is promoting the process of urban modernization, alleviating congested traffic in cities, and narrowing the distance between time and space. On the other hand, it changes the way people travel, accelerates the pace of their life and work, and affects the quality of life.The state of urban rail transit reflects a country's comprehensive strength and is a symbol of a city's modernization level. At present, rail transit system is available in 135 cities in nearly 40 countries and regions. In cosmopolitan cities, accounting for a proportion of 60 per cent - 80 per cent, rail transit has become the leading means of transportation in these cities. Yet so far, in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangzhou, etc., rail transit accounts for less than 10 percent in the cities total traffic capacity.Urban rail transit offers comprehensive advantages, like small land occupation, large traffic volume, high speed, non-pollution, low energy consumption, high safety and great comfort. With most facilities being installed underground and the operation going on underground, subways require very limited occupation of land, and do not compete with other means of transportation for space. Urban light rail, trolley bus as well as suburban rail and magnetic suspension train are basically railways, which makes it possible to make the most of land resources.Urban rail transit system offers immense transport capacity. During rush hours, the maximum unidirectional transport capacity may reach up to 60, 000- 80, 000 person-times per hour, which is unmatchable to other means of transportation. The hourly traveling speed of rail transit generally exceeds 70 kilometers-100 kilometers, offering high punctuality. Moreover, mostly being hauled by electric locomotives, rail transit requires low energy consumption, and it causes little pollution to cities. Therefore, it is called "green transportation".From a macro perspective, urban rail transit plays an important role in improving the structure of urban transport, alleviating urban ground traffic congestion, and promoting the utilization efficiency of urban land.Nevertheless, compared with other means of transportation, rail transit has some drawbacks, like long construction cycle, heavy initial investment, slow withdrawal of funds and poor economic benefits in operation. For example, currently the building of subway costs some RMB500 million-700 million per kilometer; urban light rail and magnetic suspension train, RMB200 million-300 million; trolley bus and suburban rail, about RMB100 million.In China, rail transit dates back to the late 1960s, when the first subway was built inBeijing. That was nearly one century later than developed countries in the West. However, since it made its debut, urban rail transit has helped ease the immense pressure caused by urban traffic congestion and brought great convenience and comfort to passengers. Take Beijing for example. Currently, subways provide a transport volume of approximately 1.5 million person-times per day. Without subways, the traffic congestion in this city would simply be inconceivable.At present, rail transit has evolved from the startup stage to a period of stable, sustainable and orderly development in this country. In China (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan), the length of subways completed totals 193 kilometers; project urban rail under construction, 334 kilometers; planned urban rail, 420 kilometers. Among big cities with a population of over 2 million, those that already have or are building urban rail transit include Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Changchun. Now, seven cities have announced or are still working on their plan to build rail transit: Chengdu, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Xi'an, Harbin, Qingdao and Suzhou.According to plan, by 2008, there will be thirteen rail transit lines and two spur lines in Beijing, with a total length of 408.2 kilometers. In Shanghai, there will be 21 rail transit lines, totaling more than 500 kilometers in length. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total length will hit 780 kilometers. In Tianjin, there will be four subway lines, totaling 106 kilometers. That, coupled with 50 kilometers of suburban light rail and one loop subway 71-kilometers set aside, will bring the total length to 227 kilometers. Meanwhile, there will be seven rail transit lines totaling 206.48 kilometers in Guangzhou, and seven rail transit lines totaling 263.1 kilometers in Nanjing. With other cities' planning taken into account, the total length of rail transit lines will come to some 2, 200 kilometers in this country.At present, the constraints to the development of rail transit in China mainly lie in three aspects:First, there is severe shortage of construction funds. According to the foregoing planning, it is necessary to invest in approximately RMB300 billion. Projects to be completed by 2006 alone require more than RMB150 billion. Furthermore, in most cases, funds come from investments of the central and local governments as well as bank loans. Still a developing country as it is, China has very limited financial strength.Second, as rail transit is demanding on technical standard, some key technical facilities at low ratio of home mading at present largely rely on imports. Thus, construction cost remains hig h due to the import of large quantity of technolog y and equipment.Third, in most cases, rail transit operates at a loss in China. That aggregates the centraland local governments' financial burdens, which, in return, checks the development of rail transit to some extent.For this reason, China formulated the guideline of "doing what the strength allows, implementing rules-based management and pursuing stable development". In the development of rail transit, it is required that homemade equipment should take up at least 70 per cent. Meanwhile, it is essential to ensure that development of rail transit suits the pace of economic development in the cities and prevent blind development and irrational attempts to advance forward.Railway Terms and New Wordsurban adj. 城市的, 市内的, urban rail transit（URT）城市轨道交通alleviate vt. 减轻congested adj. 拥挤的，congest vt.，congestion n.accelerate v. 加速, 促进comprehensive adj. 全面的，广泛的cosmopolitan adj. 世界性的，全球（各地）的proportion n. 比例, 均衡, 面积, 部分underground adj. 地下的, 地面下的, 秘密的n. [英] 地铁adv. 秘密地trolley bus n. 电车, (电车)滚轮, 手推车, 手摇车, 台车magnetic adj. 磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的suspension n. 吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决, 延迟basically adv. 基本上, 主要地unidirectional adj. 单向的, 单向性的the Tenth Five-Year Plan 第十个五年规划at a loss 低于成本的in return 作为报答compete with 与…争夺，competition n.Reading MaterialThe Rising Motorization of ChinaChina’s motorization rate has grown in accordance with other rapidly developing countries, but because of China’s high population, the impacts of motorization are potentially more severe. Figure 1 shows the exponential increase in personal automobile ownership rates. Currently, there are about seven personal automobiles per 1000 people,5compared to over 700 vehicles per 1000 people in industrialized nations like the United States. This figure does not include privately owned trucks or publicly owned vehicles (including buses and trucks), which increases the number of automobiles to about 28 vehicles per 1000 people. If China were to achieve motorization rates comparable to those of developed countries, the environmental and economic consequences could be disastrous. By 2020, the total automobile fleet (not including motorcycles) is expected to grow by between three and seven times the current size depending on economic growth rates (NRC 2003).The population distribution of China is diverse, with the majority of the population (60%) living in rural areas. However, in the past several decades, the improved economic situation of the cities has caused a rapid urban in-migration. This trend has resulted in a nearly three-fold increase in urban development and density in the last decade as displayed in Figure 2. Much of this development is not necessarily representative of sustainable transit and pedestrian oriented growth. Although this new development is very dense, low land cost at the periphery cause developers to build spatially separated housing and commercial developments with few transit connections to the urban center (Gaukenheimer 1996).The western provinces are the most sparsely populated with the largest urban population centers located in provinces along the eastern coast, in metropolises such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. These cities have been experiencing high motorization rates partially because of their higher incomes, but non-motorized modes still capture approximately 70% of the work trip commutes in these cities, while the personal automobile only accounts for 7% (Hu 2003). Much of the transportation and planning research has been centered on these cities, although they constitute a rather small portion of the entire population. Figure 3 shows the amount of cities of different sizes and the approximate total population of people living in cities of different size. Two thirds of the urban population resides in cities with populations between 0.5 and 2 million, indicating that much of the planning and transportation research related to China is focusing on problems that might not be relevant or applicable to the majority of the Chinese population. Economically, most of these cities are years or decades behind the more developed Chinese cities and have not developed many of the transportation problems Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have. Focusing planning efforts in these cities could have much greater returns.The Chinese economy has been growing at a phenomenal rate for the past decade and has doubled in size in the last nine years. In fact, the growth rate is so fast that the Chinese government is imposing several measures to try to control growth to keep it at a more sustainable level (Economist 2004). China’s growth has largely been a result of investment in a few “pilla r” industries. The highest growing pillar industries are: electronic manufacturing, automobiles, electric power, and steel. The eighth five-year plan (1991-1995) designated the automobile industry as one of the pillar industries of economic development. This policy statement encourages the growth of an indigenous auto industry that will be able to supply a large portion of its domestic demand and create a strong export market. It calls for the consolidation of over one hundred companies into 3 or 4 largecompetitive companies. The auto industry accounts for 20% of Shanghai’s gross regional product (Hook 2002). However, with China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, they must reduce tariffs on imported automobiles and can no longer protect their market. This has spurred development of the domestic automobile industry to a level that can compete with international competitors. One of the greatest challenges of cities in China is controlling automobile ownership growth, while fostering the national policy of growing the automobile industry.Costs and Benefits of MotorizationThe cost and benefit implications for Chinese motorization are enormous. Motorization is a major economic growth strategy. The government has adopted a strategy of developing an automobile manufacturing industry. Automobiles can also provide indirect economic benefits of decreased travel time, improved accessibility to goods and services, and new found mobility that will cause people to travel more and achieve a more mobile lifestyle that they would not have otherwise been able to experience.The potential costs are enormous. The United States has the highest motorization rate in the world and perhaps the most mature automobile industry. However, the US has also experienced very high costs associated with our level of motorization. The most obvious and potentially most severe cost is the air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the automobile. The US emits 26% of the global greenhouse gases but only constitutes 5% of the worl d’s population. China’s policy goal is to achieve Euro II emissions standards by 2005 (about a decade behind Europe) and be internationally compliant with Euro IV standards by 2010. This is a very ambitious goal, but it is necessary if Chinese automakers want to compete in the international market and improve the air quality in their own country. With the three to seven-fold growth rate anticipated in the next 15 years, CO2 emissions will likely quadruple, CO, and hydrocarbons will likely triple, and NO x and particulate matter will likely stay the same. This assumes an aggressive emissions regulation strategy and a modest economic growth rate (NRC 2003). The US EPA has identified all of these emissions as having serious health effects at high concentrations. From a global perspective, China’s motorization could have adverse effects on the global climate. Currently, the transportation sector accounts for 17% of the greenhouse emissions, but this proportion could increase significantly if the motorization trends continue. China is also the second highest consumer of oil in the world (behind the United States). If China motorizes as rapidly as expected, the increase demand could cause the global price of fuel to skyrocket.Another major issue associated with increased motorization is changes in land use. As incomes increase, people desire more living space, which reduces density and encourages expansion at the urban fringe. Figure 4 shows the growth of residential floor space per capita, which is a force toward lower density. This requires more auto oriented transportation infrastructure as well as more land for development. In Shanghai, approximately 10% of the land area is devoted to transportation infrastructure (compared to 20-25% in Europe) (Shen 1997). Because of the built environment, most of the new transportation infrastructure is expanding at the periphery, encouraging auto oriented developments. An increasingly open housing market, where people choose where to live is also creating a spatial jobs-housing imbalance that did not previously exist, when industry provided housing for its employees adjacent to their plants. This greatly increases the cost of transportation for Chinese households as indicated by Figure 5. The proportion of a households income spent on transportation has increases ten fold in less than 15 years. Another major consideration is the conservation of agricultural land. China currently has a very low amount of agricultural land per capita (World Bank 2001)and cannot afford to lose more through urban expansion (Franke 1997).Additional costs include accidents and injuries associated with motorization. Currently, the fatality rate (deaths per mile of travel) is 30 times that of the United States, with over 100,000 deaths per year since 2001, many of which are pedestrians and bicyclists (NRC 2003, Hook 2002b). Additionally equity issues must be considered, specifically the dislocation of the poor. Even with the high projected growth rates in automobile ownership, most Chinese will not own vehicles, so alternative modes must be supplied that can serve the increasing spatial separation between origins and destinations. The cost of the required infrastructure will be enormous and the government will likely have to provide more subsidies to the transportation sector, potentially restricting its investment in other sectors.Causes of MotorizationThe primary impetus for the motorization of China has been the rapid growth of the economy. With a rise in the economic growth of a country comes a desire and means to become more motorized. Motorization rates are associated with a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Countries with low GDP (below $800) generally have a high proportion of trucks and buses in their vehicle fleets. As GDP increases up to about $10,000, the share of personal automobiles increases drastically until a saturation level is reached (NRC 2003). China’s GDP has been increasing by more than 8% annually for over a decade. A large proportion of upper income people can now afford the luxury of the automobile.Kenworthy et. al. (1999) argue that, while GDP plays an important role, there are many other factors that likely influence motorization rates. By comparing cities with similar GDP and very different transportation energy use, they conclude that land use is a primary factor influencing energy use and thus motorization. Additionally demand management schemes can limit the adverse effect of motorization in China. Currently China’s regulatory structure is weak and inconsistent. Some cities have effectively provided competitive transit alternatives and limited outward expansion (Joos 2000). Others have fully embraced the automobile, pushing many other modes to the side.Railway Terms and New Wordsmotorization n.动力化, 摩托化exponential diverse migration metropolis adj.adj.n.n.指数的, 幂数的不同的, 变化多的移民, 移植, 移往, 移动大城市Chicago, the metropolis of the Midwest.skyrocket v.暴涨，猛涨迅速和突然地升高或使升高：fringe n.边缘, 须边, 刘海periphery n.外围fatality n.命运决定的事物, 不幸, 灾祸, 天命dislocation n.混乱, 断层, 脱臼saturation n.饱和(状态), 浸润, 浸透，饱和度in accordance with 与...一致, 依照per capita 按人口平均计算Chapter 2 Rapid TransitA rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated, or metro system is a railway system, generally in an urban area, that generally has high capacity and frequency, with large trains and total or near total grade separation from other traffic.Definitions and NomenclatureThere is no single term in English that all speakers would use for all rapid transit or metro systems. This fact reflects variations not only in national and regional usage, but in what characteristics are considered essential.One definition of a metro system is as follows; an urban, electric mass transit railway system totally independent from other traffic with high service frequency.But those who prefer the American term "subway" or the British "underground" would additionally specify that the tracks and stations must be located below street level so that pedestrians and road users see the street exactly as it would be without the subway; or at least that this must be true for the most important, central parts of the system. On the contrary, those who prefer the American "rapid transit" or the newer term "metro" tend to regard this as a less important characteristic and are pleased to include systems that are completely elevated or at ground level ( at grade) as long as the other criteria are met. A rapid transit system that is generally above street level may be called an "elevated" system (often shortened to el or, in Chicago, "L" ). In some cities the word "subway" applies to the entire system, in others only to those parts that actually are underground; and analogously for "el".Germanic languages usually use names meaning "underground railway" (such as "subway" or "U-Bahn"), while many others use "metro".Train Size and Motive PowerSome urban rail lines are built to the full size of main-line railways; others use smaller tunnels, limiting the size and sometimes the shape of the trains (in the London Underground the informal term tube train is commonly used). Some lines use light rail rolling stock, perhaps surface cars merely routed into a tunnel for all or part of their route. In many cities, such as London and Boston's MB-TA, lines using different types of vehicles are organized into a single unified system.Although the initial lines of what became the London Underground used steam engines, most metro trains, both now and historically, are electric multiple units, with steel wheels running on two steel rails. Power is usually supplied by means of a single live third rail (as in New York) at 600 to 750 volts, but some systems use two live rails (noticeably London) and thus eliminate the return current from the running rails. Overhead wires, allowinghigher voltages, are more likely to be used on metro systems without much length in tunnel, as in Amsterdam; but they also exist on some that are underground, as in Madrid. Boston's Green Line trains derive power from an overhead wire, both while traveling in a tunnel in the central city and at street level in the suburban areas.Systems usually use DC power instead of AC, even if this requires large rectifiers for the power supply. DC motors were formerly more efficient for railway applications, and once a DC system is in place, converting it to AC is usually considered too large a project to contemplate.TracksMost rapid transit systems use conventional railway tracks, though since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to wet weather, they are often fixed to the floor instead of resting on ballast. The rapid transit system in San Diego, California operates tracks on former railroad rights of way that were acquired by the governing entity.Another technology using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel railways was pioneered on the Paris M6tro, and the first complete system to use it was in Montreal. Additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and a conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction allowed by the rubber tires.Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies into their metros. The Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway, while the Carmelit in Haifa is an underground funicular.For elevated lines, still another alternative is the monorail. Supported or "straddle" monorails, with a single rail below the train, include the Tokyo Monorail; the Schwebebahn in Wuppertal is a suspended monorail, where the train body hangs below the wheels and rail. Monorails have never gained wide acceptance except for Japan, although Seattle has a short one, which it hopes to replace with a new, larger system, and one has lately been built in Las Vegas. One of the first monorail systems in the United States was installed at Anaheim's Disneyland in 1959 and connects the amusement park to a nearby hotel. Disneyland's builder, animator and filmmaker Walt Disney, offered to build a similar system between Anaheim and Los Angeles.Crew Size and AutomationEarly underground trains often carried an attendant on each car to operate the doors or gales, in addition to a driver. The introduction of powered doors around 1920 permitted crew sizes to be decreased, and trains in many cities are now operated by a single person. Where the operator would not be able to see the whole side of the train to tell whether thedoors can be safely closed, mirrors or closed-circuit TV monitors are often provided for that purpose.An alternative to human drivers became available in the 1960s, as automated systems were developed that could start a train, accelerate to the correct speed, and stop automatically at the next station, also taking into account the information that a human driver would obtain from lineside or cab signals. The first complete line to use this technology was London's Victoria Line, in 1968. In usual operation the one crew member sits in the driver's position at the front, but just closes the doors at each station; the train then starts automatically. This style of system has become widespread. A variant is seen on London's Docklands Light Railway, opened in 1987, where the "passenger service agent" (formerly "train captain") rides with the passengers instead of sitting at the front as a driver would. The same technology would have allowed trains to operate completely automatically with no crew, just as most elevators do; and as the cost of automation has decreased, this has become financially attractive. But a countervailing argument is that of possible emergency situations. A crew member on board the train may be able to prevent the emergency in the first place, drive a partly failed train to the next station, assist with an evacuation if needed, or call for the correct emergency services (police, fire, or ambulance) and help direct them.In some cities the same reasons are considered to justify a crew of two instead of one; one person drives from the front of the train, while the other operates the doors from a position farther back, and is more conveniently able to help passengers in the rear cars. The crew members may exchange roles on the reverse trip ( as in Toronto) or not (as in New York ) .Completely crewless trains are more accepted on newer systems where there are no existing crews to be removed, and especially on light rail lines. Thus the first such system was the VAL (automated light vehicle) of Lille, France, inaugurated in 1983. Additional VAL lines have been built in other cities. In Canada, the Vancouver Sky Train carries no crew members, while Toronto's Scarborough RT, opening the same year (1985) with otherwise similar trains, uses human operators.These systems generally use platform-edge doors (PEDs) , in order to improve safety and ensure passenger confidence, but this is not universal; for example, the Vancouver SkyTrain does not ( And on the contrary, some lines which retain drivers, however, still use PEDs, noticeably London' s Jubilee Line Extension. MTR of Hong Kong also uses platform screen doors, the first to install PSDs on an already operating system. ) With regard to larger trains, the Paris Metro has human drivers on most lines, but runs crewless trains on its newest line, Line 14, which opened in 1998. Singapore's North EastMRT Line (2003) claims to be the world' s first completely automated underground urban heavy rail line. The Disneyland Resort Line of Hong Kong MTR is also automated.Tunnel ConstructionThe construction of an underground metro is an expensive project, often carried out over many years. There are several different methods of building underground lines.In one usual method, known as cut-and-cover, the city streets are excavated and a tunnel structure strong enough to support the road above is built at the trench, which is then filled in and the roadway rebuilt. This method often involves extensive relocation of the utilities usually buried not for below city streets—especially power and telephone wiring, water and gas mains, and sewers. The structures are generally made of concrete, perhaps with structural columns of steel; in the oldest systems, brick and cast iron were used. Cut-and-cover construction can take so long that it is often necessary to build a temporary roadbed while construction is going on underneath in order to avoid closing main streets for long periods of time; in Toronto, a temporary surface on Yonge Street supported cars and streetcar tracks for several years while the Yonge subway was built.Some American cities, like Newark, Cincinnati and Rochester, were originally built around canals. When the railways took the place of canals, they were able to bury a subway in the disused canal's trench, without rerouting other utilities, or acquiring a right of way piecemeal.Another common way is to start with a vertical shaft and then dig the tunnels horizontally from there, often with a tunneling shield, thus avoiding almost any disturbance to existing streets, buildings, and utilities. But problems with ground water are more likely, and tunneling through native bedrock may require blasting. (The first city to extensively use deep tunneling was London, where a thick sedimentary layer of clay largely avoids both problems. ) The confined space in the tunnel also restricts the machinery that can be used, but specialised tunnel-boring machines are now available to overcome this challenge. One disadvantage with this, nevertheless, is that the cost of tunneling is much higher than building systems cut-and-cover, at-grade or elevated. Early tunnelling machines could not make tunnels large enough for conventional railway equipment, necessitating special low round trains, such as are still used by most of the London Underground, which cannot fix air conditioning on most of its lines because the amount of empty space between the trains and tunnel walls is so small.The deepest metro system in the world was built in St. Petersburg, Russia. In this city, built ii the marshland, stable soil starts more than 50 meter deep. Above that level the soil is mostly made up of water-bearing finely dispersed sand. As a result of this, only three stations out of nearly 60 are built near the ground level and three more above the ground.。

《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》教学大纲

《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本情况课程基本情况表二、课程定位本课程为城市轨道交通专业职业基础必修课，是一门理论联系实际的课程，旨在帮助学生获取城市轨道交通服务英语口语的基础技能。

本课程提供了大量的城市轨道交通服务口语素材和英语对话实例，帮助学生在获得感性认识基础上提高城市轨道交通服务英语口语的能力，为学生今后用英语进行沟通，在城市轨道交通公司的相关岗位从事服务工作打下扎实的基础。

三、教学目标（一）课程总目标在城市轨道交通服务场景中，能用英语与旅客或同事进行基本沟通。

（二）具体目标1、知识目标：掌握城市轨道交通服务、特殊要求旅客的处理、紧急情况处理、急救场景中的常用英语口语表达方式。

2、能力目标：在城市轨道交通服务、特殊要求旅客的处理、紧急情况处理、急救场景中，能用英语与旅客或同事进行基本沟通。

3、素质目标：①感性了解城市轨道交通公司的工作氛围②基本具备跨文化交际、与上司或同事沟通的能力③基本具备团队协作的能力及对工作任务的执行能力四、教学内容及教学要求教学内容与教学要求五、教学方法与教学条件（一）教学方法：1.以《城市轨道交通客运服务英语》课程标准为导向，合理安排教学；2.以模拟城市轨道交通客运服务英语工作过程实施教学，采用项目教学法、分组练习、现场示范实施教学任务。

采用项目教学、任务驱动等可操作性强的教学方式。

课程按照城市轨道交通人员工作岗位及实践活动的工作需要而设置工作任务，在任务驱动中充分发挥学生的主体作用，强调学生的自我技能实践。

并以工作岗位对城市轨道交通服务人员所提出的要求通过相应的英语水平等级测试。

（二）教学条件：教室：商务英语实训室教师应发挥主观能动性，充分开发事业有成的毕业生、用人单位、企业家、劳动模范和先进人物等德育资源，充分利用电视、报刊、网络等媒体，重视现代教学手段的使用和开发。

六、课程考核方式本课程为考试课，考核方式实施“N+1+1”的过程考核制度，其中“N”是教学过程的考核次数，占总成绩的40%，分别是：考勤10%、课堂表现10%、作业10%、实践10%；第一个“1”是课堂笔记，占总成绩的10%，第二个“1”是期末考试，占总成绩的50%。

城市轨道交通英语课件

Train emergency handling English
Emergency procedures
Inform passengers of emergency procedures in case of an accident or delay, including evaluation procedures, first aid, and contact information for assistance
Outbound Seround Service English
02
Exit guidance: Provide exit signage and exit information.
03
Surrounding facilities: Introduce the public transportation, commercial facilities, tourist attractions, etc. around the station.
English courseware for urban rail transit
• Overview of Urban Rail Transit • English for Urban Rail Transit
• English for Urban Rail Transit Train
CHAPTER 01
Notification of delayed or cancelled train information: Inform passengers how to obtain information about delayed or cancelled trains.
English for ride services

城市轨道交通专业英语

城市轨道交通专业英语flat fare 单一票制swipe 在解码器上刷（卡）interchange station 换乘站concourse 站厅automation vending machine 自动售票机wheel chair lift 残疾人牵引车station operator 站务员crowd management plants 客流控制entry gate 入闸机security check 安检mind the gap 小心台阶间跨度classification 编组6-car set/unit 六节编组motor car 动车trailer 拖车pantograph 受电弓cab 驾驶室bogie 转向架coupler buffer connecting device 车钩缓冲连接装置brake device:制动装置:air brake 空气制动rheostatic brake 电阻制动regenerative brake 再生制动electromagnetic rail brake 磁轨制动current collector 受流装置conductor rail collector 第三轨受电器shoegear 受电靴装置collector shoe 受电靴interior equipment 车辆内部设备Electricity 车电Ventilation 通风Heating 取暖Air conditioning 空调Seat 座椅Handle 拉手Device system：设备装置Storage battery box 蓄电池箱Relay case 继电器箱Main control box 主控制箱Motor air compression unit 电动空气压缩机组Power source transformer 电源变压器Electrical switch 电气开关Contactor box 接触器箱Electrical system：车辆电气系统：Power circuit 动力电路Main circuit 主电路Auxiliary circuit 辅助电路Control circuit 控制电路ATO（Automatic Train Operation）列车自动运行系统ATP（Automatic Train Protection）列车自动保护系统ATS（Automatic Train Supervision）列车自动监控系统ATC（Automatic Train control system）列车自动控制系统Console 操作台Unmanned 无人驾驶的Platform screen door 屏蔽门Evacuate 疏散Overhead wires 架空导线Third rail 第三轨UPS（Uninterruptible Power Supply）不间断电源BAS（Building Automation System）环控系统Sensor 传感器FAS（Fire Alarm System）火灾报警系统Spray 喷淋Linkage 连接、连锁、联动Block 闭塞Interlock 联锁Ccv（Chrysler’s Composite Concept Vehicle）组合概念车High-speed rail(ASK) 高速铁路系统High-speed magnetic levitation（MAGLEV）高速磁悬浮系统Navigation 导航semi- 半，半自动sur- 上，外，超tender 投标。

城轨英语试题及答案

城轨英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a type of urban rail transit?A. SubwayB. TramC. MonorailD. Airplane2. What does the abbreviation "MRT" stand for?A. Metropolitan Rapid TransitB. Metropolitan Rail TransportC. Metropolitan Road TransportD. Metropolitan River Transport3. In which country was the world's first underground railway system opened?A. United KingdomB. United StatesC. FranceD. Japan4. What is the primary purpose of urban rail transit systems?A. To provide entertainmentB. To facilitate long-distance travelC. To reduce traffic congestionD. To promote tourism5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of urban railtransit?A. Reduced traffic congestionB. Increased travel timeC. Improved air qualityD. Enhanced connectivity6. What is the term used to describe the area where trains are stored and maintained?A. DepotB. StationC. TerminalD. Yard7. What is the name given to the person who operates the train?A. ConductorB. DriverC. EngineerD. Mechanic8. Which of the following is NOT a safety measure on urban rail transit systems?A. Emergency exitsB. Fire extinguishersC. Seat beltsD. First aid kits9. What is the term used to describe the system that controls train movements and signals?A. Train Control SystemB. Traffic Control SystemC. Signal Control SystemD. Safety Control System10. What does the acronym "ATO" stand for in the context of urban rail transit?A. Automatic Train OperationB. Advanced Train OperationC. Automated Train OrderD. Automatic Train Order二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The ________ is responsible for the overall management and operation of an urban rail transit system.12. Urban rail transit systems can be powered by ________, diesel, or electricity.13. The ________ is the part of the train where passengers enter and exit.14. A ________ is a type of urban rail transit that operates on a single track.15. The ________ is the area where trains are cleaned and prepared for service.16. The ________ is the person who checks tickets and ensures passenger safety on the train.17. The ________ is a device that signals the train driver when to stop at a station.18. Urban rail transit systems can help to ________ noise pollution by reducing the number of vehicles on the road. 19. The ________ is the person who designs and oversees the construction of the rail infrastructure.20. The ________ is the system that allows passengers to pay for their journey using a card or mobile device.三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）21. Explain the differences between a subway and a tram in terms of their operation and infrastructure.22. Discuss the environmental benefits of urban rail transit systems.23. Describe the role of a train controller in an urban rail transit system.24. What measures can be taken to improve passenger safety on urban rail transit systems?四、论述题（20分）25. Discuss the impact of urban rail transit systems on urban development and how they contribute to sustainable urban planning.。

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Dialogue
New Words
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
New Words and Exቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱressions
• ATO Automatic Train Operation n. 列车自动运行系统 • function [fʌŋkʃən] n. 功能 • optimize [ɔptimaiz] vt. 使最优化 • accelerate [æk5seləreit] vt. 使增速 • smoothly [smu:ðli] ad. 平滑地;流畅地 • fault [fɔ:lt] n. 过失，失误 • widespread [waidspred] a. 广泛的，普及的
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Passage
Try to understand
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
1.
Which subway first used ATO system?._______________________________
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Dialogue
New Words
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
• • • • • • • •
• • •
•
Part E
(David and Sam are discussing ATO system in metro operation. ) David :What does ATO stand for? Sam : It means Automatic Train Operation. David : What is its main function? Sam : Mainly it ensures the normal running and optimizing of train dispatch in stead of TO’s automatic operation, including accelerate smoothly, speed controller and station stopping. David : What is the greatest advantage compared with ATO operation? Sam : It can reduce manful fault. David : Is ATO applied in China? Sam : It is widespread in Hong Kong area, and it isn’t used in mainland. A full-time TO is sent for every train, whose main job is to control the door’s opening and closing. Learn what you need Use what you learn
Part B Part C Part D
• Ask the meaning of an abbreviation： • 1. What does ATO stand for? It stands for automatic train operation. • 2. What is the full name of ATO? Its full name is automatic train operation.
2. Can you describe development of ATO in future? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _______________________________ ______________________________________________ Intelligent, unmanned operation of, and a full time ____________________________________
Manned
东铁线西铁线观塘线荃湾线港岛线东涌线将军澳线马鞍山线迪士尼线机场快线龙华线
Driverless 港岛南线
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Function
Try to use
Try to check up
Part A
Unit 12 ATO
列车自动运行系统
Learn what you need
Use what you learn
Learn what you need
Use what you learn
Unit Aim
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
You will be able to
• remember some words about ATO. • introduce the composition and profile of ATO system.
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
Try to collect the name of the Hong Kong metro lines and classify them into manned and driverless, and fill in the following form.
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Subway
Passage Try to understand
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
Automatic train operation (ATO) ensures partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions. Most systems elect to maintain a driver (train operator) to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Many modern systems are linked with Automatic Train Control (ATC) where normal signaler operations such as route setting and train regulation are carried out by the system. The ATO and ATC systems will work together to maintain a train within a defined tolerance of its timetable. The combined system will marginally adjust operating parameters such as the ratio of power to coast when moving and station dwell time, in order to bring a train back to the timetable slot defined for it.
Part E
Learn what you need Use what you learn
Subway
Passage Try to understand
Part A
Part B Part C Part D
The earliest ATO system on a full underground line was on the Barcelona Metro line 2 (now integrated on L5), which ran from 1963 until 1970 on its seven trains. Another one of the earliest examples of ATO was on the Victoria line of the London Underground, opened in 1968. The ATO system performs all functions of the driver except for the opening and closing of the doors. The driver only needs to press two buttons to start the train and, if the way is clear, then the train will automatically proceed to the next station. Many railways are planning to use ATO in the future. It has been partially implemented on the Delhi Metro with plans of full ATO operations by the year 2013. ATO will be introduced on the London Underground’s Northern line in 2011. Although ATO may also be used on the future cross rail and Thames link trains, it has not yet been implemented on any UK mainline railways.