大学英语学术英语论文作业

大学英语学术英语论文作业
大学英语学术英语论文作业

The Influence of Poor Diet on College Students’ Health

By GUO K

Abstract

Diet since the ancient times is an important part of people's life. However, at present most Chinese college students have poor diet. As we all know, college students are the future of a nation.Therefore ,it is a big problem that cannot be overlooked.There are a large number of interpretations of the influence of poor diet on college students’ health in many previous studies. But think most of them are incomplete. Because they hardly mention about its effects on college students’ psychological health but onlyphysical health.So I did a questionnaire survey in Chang Sha University of Science and Technology (CSUST) .After I got and analyzed the data, I obtained my conclusion. Poor diet certainly causes a very negative effect on college students’ psychological health. It does not only mean that college students would face more blocks in study and work. It is also a dig trouble of the development of our country.

Key words

Influence, poor diet , college students, health, physical, psychology Introduction

College students is an important group in the society .They are in the period of growth and development .However, it is learned that there are quite a proportion of the college students' diet is poor and most of them are in the poor nutritional status .The first reason is that college students choose their food with their preference instead of thinking about the dietary factors .The second reason is that college students are short of knowledge about nutrition and health .Most of them have no health consciousness. And, the last reason is that college students’ bedtimes are irregular .For example, college students like stay up late .Staying up late leads to getting up late ,so that some students study directly without breakfast. However, We all know clearly that breakfast is vital.

In some literatures ,some conclusions about the influence of poor diet on college students’ health have been put forward .The largest effects of poor diet on college students’ health mainly reflect in the body function decline.1Poor diet lead to college students’ hyposthenia , hyposthenia, blood-deficiency and a series of problems .2Also, Obesity is increasingly common among college students because of their poor

diet .3However, those literatures put forward a lot of conclusions about the influence of poor diet on college students’ Physical health but their psychological health.

As a matter of fact, the influence of poor diet on college students’ health didn’t only reflected in their body, also in their psychology .And ,the influence of poor diet on college students’ psychological health is even greater and more direct than that on body in their life. Therefore ,this study will focus on investigating the influence of poor diet on college students’ health in psychology. And this study is aimed at urging more college students to fully understand the influence of poor diet on them and increasing their commitment to diet.

Body

In order to find out the influence of poor diet on college stu dents’ physical and psychological health,and get the most accurate results to enable them to pay more attention to their good daily eating habits,I did a questionnaire survey in CSUST in November 2014.The objects of this questionnaire survey are the college students of CSUST. My survey is carried out on several intramural QQ groups.There are five questions in my questionnaire(table1).Five days later, a total of 86 people participated in the questionnaire survey.After collecting and organizing data,I finally obtain a statistical survey result .From this survey result,I find that there are 93% of those students who participating in the questionnaire survey think that their daily diet is poor.I took out the 6 students who think that their daily diet is good and only analyzed the other 80 questionnaires.There are 75% of them think that long-term poor diet makes their psychological states changed.However, The remaining 25% consider that Its influence is only limited to the body but Psychology.As for the 5th question, almost all those 80 students think that long-term poor diet leads to their biliousness.And,most students firmly believe thatlong-term poor diet leads to these influences including biliousness ,obesity ,hyposthenia , lassitude,i rritability and distraction But in the group of those 75% students who think long-term poor diet produces influences on their psychological states ,there are 91% think that they become more depressed and listless because of their long-term poor diet. Also, almost all of they think that they can hardly concentrate on they work when study because of their poor diet.

After I got all these data, I had a detailed and comprehensive analysis of them. And I received the conclusion finally. Long-term poor dietcertainlycauses effects on students’ heath, not only in body but psychology. So, it not only leads to undergraduate s’ biliousness ,obesity ,hyposthenia and so on. And it is also reflected in their changes of psychological states. A large number of college students cannot keep a normal psychological state because of their poor diet. They are prone to spirit of trance and Irritability ,and

they can hardly concentrate on doing their work well. Seriously, it may let them lose faith in their college life. That will certainly cause a very negative effect on their development of study even their future occupations.

Discussion and conclusion

In my study ,Iconcluded the effects of poor diet on college students’ health ,Different from previous studies, this time my study covered not only the influences on bodies, but most importantly the influences on psychology. According to my study,long-term poor diet certainly causes a very negative effect on college students’ psychological health.Those bad effects let college students face more blocks in their study and work.Therefore ,I hope to draw their attentions to attach importance to their healthy diet by this study and push them to a healthy lifestyle. However, this study is also not perfect enough, for example, this survey’s scope is limited to CSUST but Hunan province even China. So ,I will expandthe scope of the survey to get more accurate results in the future study.

Reference

SONG J,XIAO WL,LI XB.Present Situation of Dietary Behaviors among College Students[J].Chinese Journal of School Health.2012, 33(6)

ZHI KY,CHENG YJ. Investigation into Young People's Poor Diet[J].China Youth Study. 2007, (2)

LI J,LIU XY,GUO H,JIA BY.Investigation to the Nutrition Knowledge,Attitudes and Dietary Behavior in College Students[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation.2004, 8(6)

郭坤建筑学1303班201314020316

英语专业论文范文英语专业论文

英语专业论文范文英语专业论文 高师英语专业毕业论文的规范化教学和指导 摘要:目前,虽然对于专科生写毕业论文没有硬性的规定,但是英语专业学生在思想深度和创新意识方面都与其它文科生产生了一定 的差距,并且在开设的英语写作课中也缺少对毕业论文撰写的规范化教学和指导。应通过对毕业论文前期的写作课教学,以及后期的毕业论文修改指导的方法,从而对现有的写作课程进行一定的创新和改革。 关键词:高师英语专业毕业论文规范化教学方法指导写作教学改革 一、引言 毕业论文是专业集中实践环节的基本形式,旨在提升学生研究素养和创新意识,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。毕业论文教学工作包括毕业论文的指导、答辩、成绩评定和审核验收等环节。毕业论文是高师实践教学环节的一项重要工作,是对毕业生所学专业知识综合运用能力的一次重要测评,也是对高师教育教学质量的一次重要评估。根据高师教学模式的要求,以及高师英语教育专业学生的现状,对毕业论文的撰写需要有规范化的教学和指导。毕业论文的撰写是一种学习、实践、探索和创新相结合的综合教学环节,是对英语专业学生运用所学知识解决本专业实际问题能力的考核,同时也是学校衡量

教育教学质量和办学效益的重要评价内容之一。高师院校学生学会撰写论文并不是为了今后从事专门的研究工作,而是通过撰写毕业论文,综合运用所学专业知识,总结自己在三年大学阶段的学习成果,并对知识进行加工、发展、创造,提高自己发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力,为毕业后更好地服务于职业岗位提供一个台阶。 二、高师英语专业毕业论文撰写现状 关于高师院校英语专业撰写毕业论文的教学和指导现状还存在某些不足或问题。王守仁(南京大学)发现:“英语专业不少学生读了4年英语,听、说、读、写能力是有了提高,但与文科其他专业如中文、法律、经济专业的毕业生相比,在思想的深度、知识的结构、分析问题的能力方面,都出现了差距。”(王守仁,2001)缺少思想深度、没有创新意识也反映到英语专业学生的毕业论文上。 而且,目前并不是所有高师院校的所有专业都要求撰写毕业论文或者毕业设计,因此,某些学校对于毕业生毕业论文的撰写在一定程度上缺乏规范性教学和指导,尤其在思想上缺乏专业教师的引导,毕业生对于毕业论文大多概念模糊,或者采用抄袭剽窃手段应付,实际操作能力和创新能力薄弱,对于实习实训及顶岗实习等教学实践中产生的问题不能很好地解决。某些院校未开设毕业论文写作课程,学生也没有接受过这方面的训练。尤其像英语教育专业,本专业之特殊性在于毕业生毕业后,若从事小学英语教师职业,特别需要毕业生能

川大《大学英语(四)》第二次网上作业答案

首页- 我的作业列表- 《大学英语(四)》第二次网上作业答案 你的得分:97.5 完成日期:2014年02月27日16点38分 说明:每道小题括号里的答案是您最高分那次所选的答案,标准答案将在本次作业结束(即2014年03月13日)后显示在题目旁边。 一、单项选择题。本大题共30个小题,每小题 2.5 分,共75.0分。在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1.— I wish you success in your career. — _______ ( D ) A.You are welcome. B.You think so. C.Yes, please. D.The same to you. 2.— Let's go to the library this afternoon. — _______ ( D ) A.Yes, that's right. B.No. I can't. C.What about you? D.That's a good idea. 3.— Madam, do all the buses go downtown? — _________ ( D ) A.Wow, you got the idea. B.No, never mind. C.Pretty well, I guess. D.Sorry, I'm new here. 4.— Are you feeling better today, Jack? — _______ ( C ) A.There must be something wrong. B.Just have a good rest. C.Yes, thank you, doctor. But I still don't feel good. D.Don't worry about me.

英语议论文写作模板

问题解决型作文模板 /Nowadays,more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First,_________________________(原因一). Moreover,_____________________(例二) Second,_______________________(原因二) 第二段:People have figured out many ways to solve the problem. /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. Firstly,________________________(解决方法一) Secondly,______________________(解决方法二) 第三段:1)Personally,I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me,I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二)

By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that…. 现象解释型作文模板

纯英语毕业论文范文

XX学院本科生英语专业毕业论文装订顺序(APA格式)(注:此格式用于文学、翻译方向之外的所有论文) 1.毕业论文封面(汉语) 2.毕业论文首页(英语) 3.致谢(英文) 4.毕业论文中文摘要及关键词 5.毕业论文英文摘要及关键词 6.目录 7.正文 8.尾注(可选) 9.参考文献(英语文献在前,汉语文献在后) 10.附录(可选) 附:论文模板(模板内容仅供参考,毕业生可根据实际情况填写)

学号:00 系 名 专 业 名 称: 年 级: 姓 名: 指 导 教 师: 2008 年 5 月 日

The Use of Linking Adverbials by Chinese College English Learners A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of International Studies of Henan Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Liu Hiatao Supervisor:Li Qingdong May 5, 2008

文档来源为: .欢迎下载支持. like to thank all those who have given me their generous helps, commitment and enthusiasm, which have been the major driving force to complete the current paper. … 多使用的倾向。影响中国大学英语学习者使用连接副词的因素是多方面的,如母 (

unit6新标准大学英语-视听说-综合教程-网上作业-答案

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure Section A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box. comparable illusion combination addicted acceptable objective endurance cooperate favourable demonstrate princess crucial intention payment item retail global claim fashion estimate 1. Sandra spent the weekend shopping at the outlets. Your answer Correct answer retail 2. My parents thought it for me to have a credit card until I was 19. Your answer Correct answer acceptable 3. I don't have a(n) impression of that shop because the salesgirl was very rude to me when I was in there last. Your answer Correct answer favourable 4. "What form of would you like to use?" Your answer Correct answer payment 5. When I go shopping with my wife, I have no about who is in control. Your answer Correct answer illusion 6. I that about 30 per cent of my salary is spent on new shoes. Your answer Correct answer estimate 7. You need a lot of go shopping with Sue; she likes to shop from dawn to dusk!

英语作文模板

英语作文模板 一、必背句型 1. as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知 2. with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快 3. with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的 4. personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点 5. there is no doubt that…勿容质疑 6. however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面 7. as a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说 8. the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9. in the appraisal of …在。。。的评价中 11. according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly…thirdly….列举的用法 12. In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。 我认为,在对….的评价中,完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。 二、学位英语作文速成模板 1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法…… The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 2)给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述. 1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义. 2.分析并举例使其更充实 The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三). In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

2018大学英语毕业论文答辩范文

2018大学英语毕业论文答辩范文 《2018大学英语毕业论文答辩范文》是一篇好的范文,觉得 有用就收藏了,重新了一下发到。 good morning,all appraiser mittee members.i am **** and my supervisor is ***.with her constant encouragement and guidance,i have finished my paper.now,it is the show time.i will present my efforts to you and wele any correction. the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation.i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech.each language has its own special structure.and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages.in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard,the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese.for the above facts,i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

英语专业毕业论文范文

关于论文结构和格式规范的有关问题,请认真阅读“外国语学院英语本科毕业论文撰写要求”,同时可查阅“MLA格式学位论文写作规范(供查询用)”。(建议:以本范文作为模板,把自己论文的相应部分复制后,以“选择性粘贴”—“无格式文本”的方式,粘贴到范文的相应位置,以保持与范文格式完全一致。)论文单面打印1份,左侧装订(两个钉子)。(这些说明打印时删除) 文学方向的请务必参考此范文(语言学教学、文化类也可参考)。 山东财经大学 本科毕业论文(设计) 范文2 题目:论《诺桑觉寺》的反哥特观念 学院外国语学院 专业英语 班级英语0801(注意原山经、原山财班级名称不同) 学号67 姓名李晓慧 指导教师王俊华 山东财经大学教务处制 二O一二年五月

山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名 学位论文作者签名: 年月日 山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅,学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。日期填写定稿日期5月1日。教师学生都要手写签名 指导教师签名:论文作者签名: 年月日年月日

On Anti-Gothicism in Northanger Abbey by Li Xiaohui Under the Supervision of Wang Junhua Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts School of Foreign Studies Shandong University of Finance and Economics May 2012

四川大学网络教育学院2013《大学英语(一)》课程第一次网上作业答案

四川大学网络教育学院2013高等数学第一次作业 完成日期:2013年05月22日 12点15分 说明:每道小题括号里的答案是您最高分那次所选的答案,标准答案将在本次作业结束(即)后显示在题目旁边。 一、单项选择题。本大题共40个小题,每小题 2.5 分,共100.0分。在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1. — Hi! How do you do, Zhang? — _______ ( C ) A.How are you? B. Good afternoon. C.How do you do? D. Very fine. 2. —Jane, I’m coming to say good-bye. I’m leaving tomorrow. — _______ ( D ) A.I’m sorry. B.Oh, no. Why? C.Go slowly. D.Why soon? Can’t you stay a few days longer? 3. — Sam, this is my friend, Jane. —_______ ( C ) A.I’m Sam. B.How are you? C.Glad to meet you, Jane. D.Very well, thank you. 4.

— May I know your name, please? — _______ ( C ) A.I’d rather not. B.Yes, you may. C.Jane Edwin. D.No, please don’t 5. —Haven’t seen you for ages. How are you? — _______ ( D ) A.Thank you a lot. B.It’s several years. C.Long time no see. D.Just so-so. 6.We’re glad that something _______ has come out of the situation. ( A ) A.positive B.negative C.position D.negation 7.We’ll discuss the problem later _______ detail. ( D ) A.of B.on C.at D.in 8.Each member is given a special exercise routine that is _______ for his or her needs. ( A ) A.constant B.appropriate C.bad D.hopeful 9.Mrs. Black became a(n) _______ at making desserts. ( A ) A.expert B.worker C.host D.

《大学英语三》网上作业题及答案

[0160]《财政与金融》 第一次作业 [单选题]5、下列行为中,属于增值税征税范围的是() A:供电局销售电力 B:房地产开发公司销售房屋 C:歌舞餐厅提供餐饮服务 D:咨询公司提供中介服务 参考答案:A [单选题]6、某零售商业企业为一般纳税人,月销售收入为29250元,该企业当月计税销售额为()元。A:25000 B:25884 C:27594 D:3524 参考答案:A [单选题]7、某外贸进出口公司当月从日本进口140辆小轿车,每辆海关的关税完税价格为8万元,已知小轿车关税税率为110%,消费税率为5%。进口这些轿车应缴纳()万元消费税。 A:61.6 B:123.79 C:56 D:80 参考答案:B [单选题]8、()是国债的产生和发展的根本原因。 A:调节投资结构 B:调节流通中的货币量 C:弥补财政赤字 D:筹集建设资金

参考答案:C [单选题]9、()是国有资产最重要、最主要的经营方式。 A:承包经营 B:股份制经营 C:租赁经营 D:外资经营 参考答案:B [单选题]10、财政分配的客体是()。 A:国家的职能 B:国民收入 C:国家的权力 D:国家的需要 参考答案:B [单选题]11、国家机关为居民或者单位提供某种特殊劳动所取得的手续费是()。A:税收收入 B:国有资产收入 C:债务收入 D:规费收入 参考答案:D [单选题]12、消费税主要采取在()环节计征。 A:流通 B:消费 C:生产或进口 D:出口 参考答案:C [单选题]13、国际税收是指() A:国家与国家之间的税务协调关系

B:国家与纳税人之间的税收征纳关系 C:国家与国家之间的税收分配关系 D:国家与纳税人之间的税收分配关系 参考答案:C [单选题]14、一国政府在对本国居民的国外所得征税时,允许其将该所得负担的外国税款作为费用从应税国外所得中扣除,只对扣除后的余额征税,这种方法称为()。 A:抵免法 B:免税法 C:低税法 D:扣税法 参考答案:D [单选题]15、进口应税消费品,按照组成计税价格和规定的税率计算应纳消费税,其组成计税价格的公式是()。 A:组成计税价格=关税完税价格+关税 B:组成计税价格=关税完税价格+关税+增值税 C:组成计税价格=(关税完税价格+关税)÷(1-消费税税率) D:D.组成计税价格=(关税完税价格+关税)÷(1+消费税税率) 参考答案:C [单选题]l、财政产生的政治条件是() A:产生了氏族议事会 B:生产力的发展和剩余产品的出现 C:出现了阶级 D:国家的产生 参考答案:D [单选题]2、资本主义国家财政收入主要来自() A:税收 B:田赋

英语议论文写作模板

/Nowadays,more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First,_________________________(原因一). Moreover,_____________________(例二) Second,_______________________(原因二) 第二段:People have figured out many ways to solve the problem. /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. Firstly,________________________(解决方法一) Secondly,______________________(解决方法二) 第三段:1)Personally,I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me,I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二) By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conc lusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that….

大学英文毕业论文提纲--推荐范例.doc

大学英文毕业论文提纲范例 1 introduction 1.1 significance of the research 1.2 organization of the thesis 2 literature review 2.1 researches on monolingual mental lexicon 2.1.1 definition of mental lexicon 2.1.2 models of mental lexicon: a developing one 2.2 research methodology of bilingual mental lexicon 2.2.1 word association paradigm 2.2.2 word translation task 2.2.3 cross-language priming paradigm 2.3 theories on bilingual mental lexicon 2.3.1 weinreich’s three hypotheses: the ancestor of bilingual mental lexicon models 2.3.2 paivio’s bilingual dual-coding theory 2.3.3 kroll & stewart’s revised hierarchical model 2.3.4 de groot’s distributed representation model 3 extended bilingual distributed representation model 3.1 setting and characteristic of l2 word acquisition

开大行政管理大学英语(1)网上作业二答案.doc

记分作业 2 一、交际用语 1--- I won the first prize in todays speech contest. ---_______ A) Congratulations! B) Great! C) Thanks! 参考答案: A 2---Would you like to have dinner with my family this Saturday ---_______ A) Thank you. I’d love to come. B) I would. C)

参考答案: A 3--- Hello, can I speak to Liu Hui, please ---_______ A) Yes, I am. B) Yes, speaking. C) Yes, you can. 参考答案: B 4--- Hello, I’m Susan. Nice to meet you. ---_______ A) Are you B) Nice to meet you,too. C) Very nice. 参考答案: B

A) Much better. B) It ’s OK. C) Thank you. 参考答案: A 二、词汇与结构 you are driving. 6 Don’t forget to_______your seat belt when A) put up B) put off C) put on 参考答案: C 7 The couple was _______that they couldn ’t drive home. A)

英文科技论文写作模板

Research on Trigonometric Leveling Freedu School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University,Wuhan430079,China E-mail:1111111111@https://www.360docs.net/doc/4b3669421.html, Abstract —As the total station trigonometric leveling can survey without the restrictions oftopography. So, we can use it to survey the third &fourth order level survey in some special areas.In this article, we propose a new total station measuring method from combining the defect of traditional measurementmethods. The advantages of this method is that it can improve the precision without measuring height of device and prism, and it canreplace the third and fourth level of measurement under certain conditions. This method can greatly improve efficiency and shortenthe project duration in the construction survey . Keywords- trigonometric leveling ;total station ;error analysis I. I NTRODUCTION Engineering construction often relates to height measurement. Thetraditional measurement methods are leveling surveying andtrigonometry trigonometric leveling. Although the two methods have their own characteristics, but there are shortcomings.With the widespread use of the Total Station and using the track rod with the total station method to measure the elevation of the increasingly popular, traditional trigonometric leveling method has shown its limitations.After a long journey, a new trigonometric leveling method has been summed up.This approach combines the advantages of two traditional approaches to further improve the accuracy of the trigonometric leveling and tosurvey faster. This article systematically expounds the principle of traditional trigonometric leveling methods and the new methods, compares their advantages and disadvantages, and analyses the main errors and measurement accuracy in the process of trigonometric leveling. II. P RINCIPLE OF T RADITIONAL T RIGONOMETRIC L EVELING AND THE N EW M ETHOD The basic formula of the traditional trigonometric leveling: tan B A H H D i t α=++- (1) where A H is the elevation of a known point, B H is the elevation of the unknown point, D is the horizontal distance between the two points, αis the vertical angle when observe from point A to point B,i is instrument height, t is the height of the prism. For traditional methods, total station must be set up in the known elevation point. At the same time, you must measure out the height ofboth the instrument and the prism if you want to measure the elevation of the unknown points. If we can measure the elevation of the measured point while set point of total station arbitrarily like leveling surveying, instead of set it on a known elevation point, and do not measure out instrument and prism,speed of measurement will be faster. As shown in the figure 1, assuming that the elevation of the point A is known, the elevation of the point B is unknown, here we measurethe elevation of other points by total station. Figure 1. Diagram for trigonometric leveling Firstly, seen by trigonometric leveling principle: (tan )B A H H D i t α=-+- (2) where i, t is unknown, but one thing is sure that once the instrument set, value of i will remain unchanged.At the same time choose tracking lever as a reflecting prism, assume that the value of t is also fixed. Seen from formula (2), tan B A H i t H D W α+-=-= (3) By formula (3),the value of W will remain unchanged in any station. And while both A H and tan D αare known, it is possible to calculate the value of W . Operation of this new method is as follows: Shown in Figure 2, elevation of point A is known, elevation of point B is unknown, and the instrument is set up at point C between A and B. The instruments sight point A to get the reading 1V . That 1V =1D 1tan α, and calculate the value of W, W = A H +1D 1tan α. At this time related constants such as elevation of station, instrument height and prism height can beof any value, not necessary to set before measuring. And then set elevation of point Cto W , set the instrument height and prism height to 0. Then elevation of point C is known. Finally sight the target point B and measured its elevation, that is 22tan B H W D α=+ (4) Therefore, using the new method, elevation of point B is 1122tan tan B A H H D D αα=-+ (5)

英语专业本科毕业论文撰写规范

附件一: 英语专业毕业论文格式要求 一、论文组成 本科毕业论文(设计)(以下简称为毕业论文)由封面、成绩评定表、内容摘要、关键词、目录、正文、参考文献、附录等八部分组成。毕业论文装订按以下顺序进行:封面、成绩评定表、中文内容摘要、英文内容摘要、目录、正文、注释、参考文献、附录。(每位学生定稿论文,按统一要求装订1份)。 二、排版与字体 毕业论文的文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏编辑。字迹必须清楚,忌用异体字、复合字及一切不规范的简化字。除非必要,不要使用繁体字。 毕业论文文字、标点必须符合出版要求。正文标题为小二号粗黑体;正文内第一级标题用三号黑体,居中上下空一行;第二级标题用小三号黑体,靠左空两个字符,上下空一行;第三级标题用四号黑体,靠左空两个字符,不空行;正文用小四号宋体,行距为固定值20磅;图题及图中文字原则上用五号宋体。 中文“内容摘要”标题四字用三号粗黑体,其正文用四号宋体。英文内容摘要即“Abstract”标题词用三号Times New Roman字体加粗,其正文用Times New Roman四号。中英文摘要正文均以空两格格式开始行文。中文的“关键词”和英文的“Key words”分别用黑体四号和Times New Roman四号,并加粗左对齐。正文分别用四号宋体和四号Times New Roman。中文“内容摘要”正文要求300个汉字以内。英文内容摘要(“Abstract”)正文要求300个英文词左右。 注释和参考文献标题用粗三号,居中上下空一行。中文注释和参考文献正文用五号宋体。英文注释和参考文献正文用Times New Roman五号。 毕业论文中的英文均采用Times New Roman字体,其字体号与其相应的部分(注:正文、注释等)一致。注意文中代表变量的英文

相关文档
最新文档