词汇课04 课堂笔记-掌握词根-van,-ven
英语词根词缀表+词根词汇练习题-英语词根

英语词根词缀表+词根词汇练习题-英语词根英语词根、词缀表(1)词根 Stems1 ag, act to do, to drive 做,驱动agent代理人, active活动的2 agr field农田agriculture农业, agrarian田地的3 alter,al other另,其它alien外国的,异乡的, alternate交替的4 am to love爱,亲爱amicable友善的, amiable和蔼可亲的5 anim spirit, mind, life 心灵,精神,生命animal动物, animate有生命的6 ann, enn year年annual一年的, centennial一百年的7 apt to adjust, to fit调整,适应adapt使适应, aptitude倾向,才能8 aqua water水aquarium水族馆, subaquatic水下的9 arch first, to rule首要的,统治monarchy君主制, arch-criminal罪魁祸首,首要的,总的10 aster, astro star星astronomy天文学, asterisk星号11 audi to hear听audience听众, audible听得见的12 bio life生命,生物biology生物学, bionics仿生学13 cap, cip, cept, ceive to take, to hold拿,取capture捕获, recipient接受者, concept 概念, deceive欺骗14card heart心cardiac心脏的, cardiogram心电图15 cede, ceed, cess to go, to yield行,走,让与precedent先例, exceed超过, secession退出16 cent hundred百centigrade百分度的, centimeter厘米17 center, center center中心concentrate集中, centrifugal离心力的18 cert to perceive, to make certain确信,确定certainty必然的事, certificate证书19 chrom color颜色chromatic色的, chromosome染色体20 chron time时间chronicle编年史, synchronism同时性21 cide, cis to kill, to cut杀,切suicide自杀, bactericide杀菌剂22 claim, clam to shout叫喊exclaim惊叫, proclamation宣言23 clos, clud to shut闭合claus, clus close关闭, include包括clause从句, conclusion结论24 cogn to know 知晓recognize 承认, cognition认识25 cor, cord heart 心core核心, cordial衷心的26 corp body 体,躯干corporation公司,corporal身体的27 cosm universe, world宇宙,世界cosmic宇宙的, cosmos宇宙28 cred to believe相信credible可信的,credit信任29 cur, course to run跑current流通的,concourse汇合30 cycl circle 圆,环bicycle自行车,cyclone旋风31 demo people人民demography 人口学,democracy民主32 derm skin皮肤dermatitis 皮肤炎,hypodermic皮下注射的,皮下注射器33 dict, dic to speak 说predict 预言,indicate表示34 doc, doct to teach 教doctor 博士,document文件35 duc, duct to lead 引导conduct 指导,induce 引诱36 equ equal 平等equality 平等,equation 方程式37 fac, fic, fect, fact to do, to make 做,制factory工厂,beneficial有利的38 fer to carry, to bring 运送,带transfer转移,ferry渡船39 fin end, limit 终,极,界限final 最后的,finish完成40 flect, flex to blend 弯,曲flexible 易弯的,deflection倾斜41 flict to strike 打击conflict 冲突, afflict折磨42 flu to flow 流fluent 流利的,fluid 流体43 form form, shape 形式,外形transform 改变,formula公式44 forc, fort strong 强的force力, effort 努力45 fract, frag to break 破,折fraction 碎片,fragile 易碎的46 fug to flee 逃,避,离refugee 难民, centrifugal 离心的47 fus to pour, to melt 倾,注,熔化fusion溶解, effuse 泻出48 gen cause, kind, race起源,类属,人种generate 使产生, genetic遗传的49 geo earth 地球,土地geography 地理, geology地质学50 grad, gress to step 跨步,走grade等级, progress进步51 gram to write 写,记录telegram 电报, grammar语法52 graph to write 写,记录photograph 照相,graphics 制图学53 grav to weigh, heavy 称重,重的gravity 重力,gravimeter 比重计54 greg flock 群gregarious成群的,aggregate 集合55 hydra water水hydraulic 水利的, hydrant 消防栓56 ject to throw 投,掷,抛eject射出, project投射57 jud judge 法官,裁判judicial 法庭的,judicious 有判断力的58 junct to join 连接,结合conjunction 连接词, adjunct 附属物59 lect, leg, lig to choose, to gather, to read挑选,采集,读select 选择,illegible难读的,eligible合格的,合适的60 leg law 法律legal 合法的, legislate 立法61 lif, liv to live 生活,生存life 生活,生命, alive 活着的62 liqu fluid 流动的liquid 液体, liquor 酒精类饮料63 loc place 地点,地方local 地方的, locate位于64 log word, discourse词,语言,讲演dialogue 对话, logic 逻辑65 loqu, locu to speak 说话eloquent 雄辩, elocution 雄辩术66 magn great 大的magnify 放大, magnificent 伟大的,壮观的67 manu hand 手manuscript 手稿, manual手的68 med to heal 医治remedy 治疗, medicine 医学69 med middle 中间medium 媒介质,medial 中间的70 meter, metr measure 测量kilometer 公里,metric 公制的71 min less, little 少,小minority 少数,diminish减少,缩小72 misc, mix to mix 混合miscellaneous 混杂的,mixture混合物73 miss, mit to send, to let go 送,派,放开mission 使命, admit 承认74 mob, mot, mov to move 移动mobile 活动的,motion 运动,immovable不可移动的75 morph form形式morphology形态学,metamorphosis变形76 mort death死亡mortal终有一死的,mortality死亡率77 nat to be born 出生natal 诞生的,native 出生地的78 neur nerve神经neurotic 神经的,神经病的;neurosurgery神经外科学79 note mark记号,注意note 注解,denote 表示80 onom, onym name 名onomastic名字的,亲自签名的, anonymous匿名的81 oper work 操作operate, co-operate合作82 opt sight, light视线,光线optic 视力的,optics光学83 opt to choose 选择option选择,optional 可任意选择的84 path feeling, suffering, disease 感情,苦楚,疾病sympathy同情,pathetic 可怜的85 ped foot 足,脚expedition 远征, pedal 足的86 pel, puls to drive, to push 逐,推expel驱逐,compulsion强迫87 pend, pens to hang, to weigh, to pay 悬挂,称量,偿付dependence 依靠,expense 支出88 phon sound 声音phonetics 语音学, telephone 电话89 phot, phos light 光photology 光学, photogenic 发光的90 pon, pos to place, to put 位置postpone 推迟, position 位置91 port to carry 搬运,带portable 可携带的, porter 搬运工人92 prim first第一,首要primary 最初的,primitive原始的93 psych mind 精神psyche 心智,psychic 精神的94 quer, quest, to ask, to seek 问,求quir, quis query问,质问,request 要求,inquire询问,inquisitive 好询问的95 quiet, quies to rest 休息quiet 安静,quiescent 静止的96 rect straight, right 直的,正的erect直立的, correct改正97 rid, ris to laugh 笑ridicule嘲笑,derision笑柄,嘲笑98 rupt to break 破坏,毁坏bankrupt 破产,rupture破裂99 sanguin blood 血sanguinary 血淋淋的, sanguine 血红的100 sat, satis enough 足够的dissatisfy 使不满意,satiety 饱满101 scend, scens, scent to climb 爬ascend 上,升, condescension 屈尊,descent下降102 sci to know 知道science 科学,conscious有知觉的103 scrib, script to write 写describe 描述,script 手迹104 sec, sect, seg to cut切割transect横切, segment切片, secant切的105 sens, sent to feel感觉sensation感觉, sentiment感情106 sequ, sec to follow 跟随sequence序列,sequel续集,persecute 迫害107 sed, sid to sit, to settle 坐,安顿sediment沉淀物,resident 居民108 sol sun太阳solar太阳的, parasol阳伞109 soph wise 明智sophisticated通世故的,sophist 诡辩者110 sorb, sorpt to suck in 吸收absorbent 吸收剂, absorption 吸收111 spec, spect, spic to look 看spectator 旁观者,perspicuous 意思明白的,specious外表美观的112 spir breath, life 呼吸,生命inspire 吸气,鼓舞, conspiracy 共谋113 stell star星stellar 星体的,stelliform星形的, 放射线状的114 strain, strict, string to tighten 拉紧strained 紧张的,constrict压缩,stringent严格的,严厉的115 tact, tang, tag to touch 接触intact 未触动的,tangible可触觉的, contagion 传染116 tain, ten, tin to hold 保持,握,容纳contain 容纳,tenable 站得住脚,abstinence 节制,禁欲117 tend, tens, tent to stretch 伸张,倾向tendency倾向,intension 强度,紧张, attention注意118 terr earth 地球,土地terra 土地,地球, subterranean 地下的119 terr to frighten 恐吓terror恐怖, terrify 使恐怖120 therm heat 热thermal 热的, thermometer 温度计121 tor, tort to twist 扭转,扭torsion 扭转,distortion 歪曲122 tract to drag, to draw 拖,拉,吸引attract 吸引,traction拖曳123 trib to give 给予contribute 贡献, distribute分配124 turb to disorder 搅乱disturb 打扰,turbid 混乱的125 ut, us to use 用abuse 滥用, utility有用,有益126 vac, van empty 空,空虚vacation 假期,vanity 空虚,虚荣127 ven to come 来,来临intervene 干预,介入,prevent预防128 vers, vert to turn 转,翻转reverse 倒转,convert 转换129 via, vi way, road 路deviate 偏离, trivial 琐细的, viameter路程计130 vid, vis to see 看见evident 明显的,visible 可见的131 vit, viv to live 生活,生存vital 生命的,survival 幸存132 voc, vok voice, to call声音,呼唤vocal 口头的, convoke 召集133 volv to roll, to turn 转,滚动revolve 旋转,involve 卷入134 wis, wit to know 知道wisdom 智慧,witty 机警的,诙谐的(2)前缀 Prefixes1 a-, an- not, without 否定astable 不稳定的,anarchy 无政府状态,混乱2 ab- away, from 脱离abnormal 非常的, abaxial 离开轴心的3 ambi-, amphi- both, around 两,周围ambiguous 有两个意义的,暧昧的,amphitheater 圆形剧场4 anti- against, opposite 反抗anti-clockwise 逆时针,anti-friction减摩5 auto- self自动autoignite 自然,autostable 自动稳定6 be- intensive, to make 使…….加强belittle 使缩小,贬低,befriend 友好相待,帮助7 bi- two 二,双bimetallic 双金属的,bimotor 双发动机8 co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- with 共同cooperation 协作,collaborate 协作,commemorate 纪念conference 会议,correlate 相关9 counter-,contra- against, opposite 反,对应counteraction 反作用, contrast 对比,对照10 de- away, down ,negative 离开,分,否定decompose 分解,decompression 减压11 di-, dif- ,dis- away, negative 否定,相反disassemble 拆开,divest 脱衣,剥夺,differentiate 区分12 di- two 二,双diode 二极管, dioole偶极13 en-,em- in, into ,to make 使…,使入enlarge 扩大,enable 使…..能embed 埋置,嵌进,empower 使…能14 eu- good ,well 优生学,eulogize 赞美15 e-,ex- external 外部的,emit 放射16 extra outside, outward, 在…外,向外extranuclear 核外的,extrasolar 太阳系外的17 fore- before 前,预先foremost 最前的,forecast 预测18 *hetero- other 异heteropolar 异极的, heteroatom 异质原子19 homo- same同等homogeneous 均匀的,homopolar 同极的20 hydr- water 水hydrogen 氢,hydroelectric 水电的21 hyper- over, above 在上,超hyperfrequency 超高频,hypersonic 超声的22 hypo-, hyp under 下,低,次,少hypotension 低血压,hyposensitize 减弱…的敏感度23 il-, im-in-,ir- not ,in into 否定,加强或引申意义illogical 不合逻辑的,illustrate 说明import 入口,impossible 不可能的,invisible I 不可见的,intake 纳入irrational 不合理的,irruption 突然冲入24 inter- between-相互,在内interchange交换,interlock 连锁25 intra-,intro- inside 在内,内部intrapersonal 个人内心的introspect 内省,反省26 micro- small 微micrometer 毫米,microwave 微波27 mal- bad, badly 恶,不良maltreat 虐待,malfunction 机能失常28 mid- middle 中,中间mid-air 半空中,midstream 中流29 mini- small, little 小mini-skirt 超短裙,minibus 小公共汽车30 mis- bad , badly 错,坏mistake 错误, misapply 误用31 mono- one 单,一monomotor 单一发动,monowheel 单轮32 multi- many 多multipole 多极,multi-cylinder 多缸33 neo- new 新neocolonialism 新殖民主义,neorealism 新实现主义34 non- not 否定non-metal 非金属,non-ferrous 非铁的35 out - out 超过,过度,外,出,outlive 比…长寿,outdo 胜过outsize 过大的,outwear 穿坏36 over- above, too much 上,过度overwork 工作过度,oversleep 睡过overbridge 天桥,oversea 海外的37 poly- many 多polygon 多边形, polyplane 多翼飞机38 post- after 后postwar 战后,post-acceleration 后加速39 pre- before 前,领先preheat 预热,pre-amplifier 预置放大器40 pseudo- false 假pseudoscience 伪科学,pseudomorph 假象41 re- back ,again 回,再reheat 再加热,regrind 重磨42 semi- half 半semiautomatic 半自动的,semimechanized 半机械化的43 sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur- under 次,亚,在下,低于substandard 低于标准规格的,succeed继承, suffix 后缀,suggest 提供考虑,supplement 增补,surreptitious 伪造的44 super-, supra-, sur- over, above 超,在上superheat 过热,surface 表面,surpass 超越,supramolecular 超分子的45 sym-, syn-, syl-, sys- with, together共同symmetric 对称的,synchronous 同步的,syllable 音节,system系统46 thermo- heat 热thermometer 温度计,thermodynamics 热力学47 trans-, tra- across 转换,变换,横过,越过transmit 传送 trajectory 弹道transoceanic 横渡大西洋的,transnormal 超常规的48 tri- three 三triode 三极管,tricar 三轮车49 ultra beyond 超过ultra-short 极短的,ultrasonic 超声波的50 un- not 否定unstable 不稳定的,unknown 未知的51 under- beneath 低于,次于,下,内(指衣服)underdone 半生不熟的,underpay 付款不足undersea 在海岸,underline 在。
新概念第三册第四课笔记

复习1Lesson 1. A puma at largeThe story is about a puma that is wandering around the countryside .You know received by London Zoo that a puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London were similar in nature .A woman picking blackberries saw it first ,but the puma moved from place to place ,leaving a trail of dead deer and small animals .Paw prints and puma for were found as well.‘cat like noises’ were heard at night and the animals were seen up a tree .Now experts were convinced that the animals really was a puma.In the story ,you should remember the new words and phrasespuma. 美洲狮使走投无路:corner发现,看见:spot=see 一串:trail/a trail of证据: evidence 印痕:print积累:accumulate 粘:cling cling to 使.....感到必须:oblige 使.....信服:convince=sure必须做某事:oblige to do sth 不知怎么搞的:somehow某人感到必须做某事:be obliged to do sth 一点点:somewhatfeel obliged to do sth追猎:hunt 某个地方:somewhere黑莓:blackberry 令人不安的:disturb人类:human being =mankind.Some phrases认真对待:take something seriously 抱怨:complain of /about感到必须调查:felt obliged to investigate 大量,许多:a number of出奇相似:extraordinarily similar 为谁所有:in the possession of 除非:unless=if ......notgrammar:(1):simple ,compound and complex statements 简单句,并列句,复合句(2):定语从句:用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句,就叫定语从句。
词汇课57 课堂笔记:词根-ev,ever,every和派生词

20000词汇巅峰速记营词汇记忆第57节词根-ev-表示“时代= an age”,其含义为vital force, life; long life, eternity,含义为“生命力,生命;长寿,永恒”等。
词源:also *ayu-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "vital force, life; long life, eternity."It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit ayu- "life;" Avestan aiiu "age, life(time);" Greek aiōn "age, vital force; a period of existence, a lifetime, a generation; a long space of time," in plural, "eternity;"Latin aevum "space of time, eternity;" Gothic aiws "age, eternity," Old Norse ævi "lifetime," German ewig "everlasting," Old English a "ever, always."ever ['evə] adv. 在任何时候(用于否定句和疑问句);曾经(表示惊讶);以往任何时候(用于形容词或副词的比较级和最高级之后);不断,总是281词源:来自古英语aefre, 永远,总是。
来自词根ev-, 永远,时期搭配:as ever;一如既往ever since:自从grow ever further apart:愈发疏远ever-changing ['evə tʃendʒɪŋ] adj. 千变万化的15647搭配:ever-changing business environment:不断变化的商业环境evergreen ['evəgriːn] n. 常青树; 常绿植物adj. 常绿的11010助记:ever(在任何时候)+ green(绿色)→ 在任何时候都是绿色→ 常青树;常绿的搭配:evergreen shrubs:常青灌木evergreen forest:常绿林ever-increasing ['evə in'kri:siŋ] adj. 不断增长的16652助记:ever(愈发)+ increasing(越来越多的)→ 不断增长的搭配:ever-increasing vocabulary 不断增加的词汇everlasting [evə'lɑːstɪŋ] adj. 永久的;永恒的;持续过长的17745助记:ever(任何时候;一直)+ last(持续)+ -ing(形容词后缀)→ 任何时候都持续的→永久的;永恒的搭配:everlasting life/love:永生;永恒的爱ever-present ['evə,prezənt] adj. 无处不在的;无时无刻不在的16294助记:ever(任何时候)+ present(存在的)→ 任何时候都存在的→ 无处不在的;无时无刻不在的搭配:an ever-present problem:一个始终存在的问题【课堂笔记】adj. 在场的,出席的→ 反义词:absent adj. 缺席的present n. 礼物v. 提出:present an idea 提出一个想法never ['nevə] adv. 从不; 永不;决不;没有138搭配:never ever:(Never ever)是(never)的强调说法【课堂笔记】I will never ever love you again. 我永远不会/绝不会再爱你。
5500词汇听课笔记

词汇5500听课笔记词汇5500听课笔记词根汇总ac一再ex放在外面、前面pose 放com共同的de向下反意re返回往回cent 钱in 里面/否定fl飞尖acu cent百/钱分ped脚bi分开的两只per每一个ab离开e出来dis否定und是丰富ab是离开"ambi表示两边ence表示名词pos放im往里pro/pre往前per每个cess走路put计算re反复tent伸展me神count 计算ic结尾是形容词mit/miss送出去ad 一再tribute是给予ity结尾是名词sub低、下trans改变neg否定的词根lig是做dent齿cu尖的viv活的su一直sect切,部分,段fic做e出来ent后经缀是形容词pet追求per前缀一直全部fug逃走co共同cur是关心se分开ex一再cess走路ple满ish 后缀是动词cise是切vert 转di分开vent 来sum总合mit改变ify结尾是动词lect 是选择ion名词soph出名词根dict说ate结尾是动词bene好a一再e 是出来scribe写de加强sub下面circu圆part部分im否定、进入acle小东西sem脸tain拿东西ish结尾名词居多tribute是给予的词根dis分开、否定,分开来给ject是扔le 结尾是名词tic结尾是形容词dent牙med中间的leg法律lore 知识文化,学问lode 矿脉ex把什么弄出来ing 小东西pens花(钱)vok=voc声音claim词根是叫stat站着path词根是感情、疾病plex满plic重叠tain拿du两个sere安静pel推ict说ver真实的不同的sens、sent 感觉ible能够怎么样的dign感情fuse 流动contr相反的tens拉bar棒子sist站sid做scend爬nounce说min小的ure结尾是小东西mize动词mum形容词spire呼吸duce 引起,带来rud原始verse旋转的词根flex转soph聪明的词根more是惷的词根duct、duce词根是引导tribut给予voc\vok是声音incide事件gress走路miss送出去cept拿acle结尾是东西tract是拉的词根proach接近less否定vert 转过去merge 合并词根是沉浸ject扔fur毛皮orn装修ure结尾是名词tag是接触sign标记ify结尾是动词rect 直的se是分开pect看able能够怎么样的ate结尾是动词du两个cost花钱ress女子sid坐着vent出去,出口ette 是小东西的词根liter文化的词根acle东西fect做pend结尾lapse滑过的词根tend,tens伸展spic是看的词根cede 是走tain拿的词根vise 看mult大、多ply重叠port拿fere 拿来quire寻问ac一再mit改变一、计划本课程词汇集中在2000~6000,都是一些基本的词汇,生活中常用的词汇,背单词要有目的性,清楚自己参加什么考试,要有针对性,才更有热情。
新概念二册第四课笔记

NCE II Lesson 4一、单词及词组1. exciting adj. 令人兴奋的It was an exciting finish. = The finish was excitingexcited adj. 兴奋的The dog is very excitedbe excited about/at sth./doing sth. 对…(做…)感到很兴奋She was excited about/at winning the game. be excited to do sth 做…很兴奋Lucy was excited to know her marks.2. receive vt. 收到,接到I've just received a gift.receive sth from 从…收到…Lucy received a gift from her mother.receive a letter from sb. = hear from sb.收到某人的来信I received a letter from Susan.= I heard from Susan.3. different adj. A be different from B. A与B不同Lucy is different from Lisa.4. center n. Do you know how I can get to the city center.in the center of …. 在…中心He lives in the center of the city.5. abroad adv. 在国外study abroad 出国留学go abroad 出国6. a great number of 大量的,许多的。
=a number of = a great many 后接可数名词复数.There are a great number of postcards in my bag.7. find +sb./sth + adj. 发现某人/某物怎么样I find English interesting.8. accept/ək'sept/同意接收,主观上乐意receive(与have通用):客观的收到receive/have a letter from sbeg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn't accept it.take表接受时可与accept 换用,He took my advice at last.现在完成时1、定义:现在完成时是表示在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态。
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化⽯⼈)Why are legends handed down by storytellers usefulWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】fossil man adj. 化⽯⼈recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说,传奇migration n. 迁移,移居anthropologist n. ⼈类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之⼀群岛)的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧⽯rot n. 烂掉【课⽂注释】down 把...传下去例句:Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古⽼的传说都是⼀代⼀代⼝传下来了。
英语词汇词根大全!(《赢在单词》)

探源法英语词汇记忆法则:词根篇在二百年前,英国著名的作家和政治家切斯特菲尔德伯爵就指出了一条学习词汇的捷径。
他在给自己儿子的一封信中,这样写道:“学习一门语言词汇的最短最佳途径,是掌握它的词根,即那些其他单词借以形成的原生祠。
”可见,对词根的学习,在很早以前就被人重视了,而今这些词根(类似汉语的部首)与前后缀(类似汉语的偏旁)三者共同成为了英语构词的三要素,由它们引申的缀合法,也成为创造英语新词最多的一种方法。
另外,它不仅是组成单词的核心部分,而且是解释单词含义的重要参照物,同时对这些词根的探源也是本书重要讲解的内容之一,所以作为新时代的有志青年,我们应该认真学习词根,了解词根,掌握词根,更应该尽早走出背单词的误区,为早日掌握英语这门语言做好铺垫。
(一)词根的含义及特点1.词根的基本含义:词根(roots)是一个词最根本、最核心且不能加以分析的部分。
词干(stems) 是加后缀之前词根的变形。
例如:modify 修改,-modi- 为词干,-mod- 为词根,-fy 为后缀;denial 否认,-deni- 为词干、-deny- 为词根、-al 为后缀。
有时为了方便学习,我们把词干称为词根的变体。
2.词根主要有以下几个基本特点:(1)英语中某些来自外族语的词根或词干只见于科技词汇;(2)一个词根通常会含有多个含义。
这些含义,大多为原始含义的引申义。
引申方式多种多样,有的扩大,有的缩小,有的扬升,有的贬降,有的甚至为比喻义,但大多数为平行义(类似近义词);(3)有一些词根可以单独构成单词,即它本身就是一个单词,有时称这种词根为根词。
如:-fact-、-man-、-act-、-work-等;(4)有时表示同一含义且来源不同的外来词根(或词干) 分别用于不同的文体。
如:表示“心”的拉丁语词根(或词干) -cor- (-cordis-),多用来构成常用词;而来源希腊语词根(或词干) -cardio- (-cardia-),多用来构成科技词汇;(5)词根大部分是单音节的,只有一小部分是多音节的;(6)词根的含义或词根所决定的字面含义,总在一定程度上表现在单词词义中,且或明或暗地反映出单词的基本意义。
现代西班牙语第四课课堂笔记

第四课动词概述* 动词有复杂的语法变化,包括人称、式、时和语态等的变化。
* 动词在句子里的主要职能是做谓语。
谓语是句子的核心,句子的其他成分都是围绕着谓语而结合起来的。
* 动词的形态分类:第一变位动词:以ar结尾,如:cant ar(唱歌),estudi ar(学习),bail ar (跳舞)第二变位动词:以er结尾,如:com er(吃),beb er(喝)第三变位动词:以ir结尾,如:viv ir(居住),escrib ir(写)* 动词的人称、时态等方面的语法变化通过其词尾的变化表现出来。
* 关于动词的式和时动词的式:用来表示讲话人对动词的主观看法。
Juan vendrá hoy a mi casa. 胡安今天会到我家来。
(陈述式)No creo que Juan venga hoy. 我不相信胡安今天会来。
(虚拟式)Juan, ven hoy a mi casa. 胡安,请你今天到我家来。
(命令式)动词的时:陈述式十种(现在时、现在完成时、简单过去时、过去未完成时、过去完成时、先过去时、将来未完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时和过去将来完成时),虚拟式四种(现在时、现在完成时、过去未完成时和过去完成时)规则动词的陈述式现在时变位1.动词变位2.变位中需要注意的现象* 以-ger, -gir结尾的动词,在元音o的前面要将g改为j.coger(取,乘坐): cojo, coges, coge, cogemos, cogéis, cogenexigir(苛求): exijo, exiges, exige, exigimos, exigís, exigen* 以–guir结尾的动词,在元音o的前面时要将gu改为g.distinguir(区分): distingo, distingues, distingue, distinguimos, distinguís, distinguen* 一些动词在变位后需要加上重音符号enviar: envío, envías, envía, enviamos, enviáis, envíanactuar: actúo, actúas, actúa, actuamos, actuáis, actúan* 有共同不规则变化的动词e – ie:pensar(想,思考): pienso, piensas, piens a, pensamos, pensáis, piensan perder (丢失), sentir(感觉), sentarse(坐下), ...o – ue:volver(返回): vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven poder(能够), contar(讲述,数), devolver(归还)e – i:pedir(请求,借): pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, pidenelegir(选择,选举), seguir(继续)u – uejugar(玩,游戏): juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, juegan morir(死), dormir(睡觉)i – y:huir(逃跑): huyo, huyes, huye, huímos, huís, huyen3.部分不规则动词的陈述式现在时变位ser:是soy, eres, es, somos, sois, sonestar:在,位于estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, estánhacer:做hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacenir:去voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, vanver:看见veo, ves, ve, vemos, veis, venhaber:助动词he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, hantener;有tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienenvenir;来vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienenquerer;喜欢,想要quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quierenpoder::能够puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, puedenoir;听见oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyenponer;放,放置pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponensaber;知道sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, sabentraer;带来traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traéis, traen.三、陈述式现在时的语法意义* 表示说话时正在进行的动作Veo un árbol. 我看到一棵树。
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20000词汇巅峰速记营词汇记忆-第4节一、本节课目标1、掌握词根-van,-ven,-vent的含义2、掌握前缀anc-,ant-的功能3、掌握新词72个4、复习本节课所有单词词根“-van, -ven, -vent”=come; go表示“来、走来”。
advantage[əd'va:ntidʒ] n. 优点、优势、好处1308【课堂笔记】助记:ad-(=to;去) + v ant (走) + age (名词后缀)→能够一直让人向前走的东西→优点= -anc (前)搭配:take full advantage of sth.(考):充分利用例句:The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services. 对于那些偶尔在家工作的员工来说,宽带的好处是他们能够及时地查收邮件,充分利用网络备份甚至是电话服务。
仿写例句:对于那些没空去书店的人来说,电子图书的好处就是能够随时随地阅读,充分利用时间。
The benefits of E-book to those who have no time to bookstores are that they can read it anytimeand anywhere, and take full advantage of every minute.advantageous[ædvən'teɪdʒəs]adj. 有利的;有益的14583【课堂笔记】-ous 形容词后缀1)表示大/多如:famous;spacious2)…的disadvantage[dɪsəd'vɑ:ntɪdʒ]n. 不利条件;缺点;损失6383【课堂笔记】dis-1)相反able(可以…的)→disable 使不能…2) 分开disadvantaged[dɪsəd'vɑ:ntɪdʒd]adj. 处于不利地位的;n. 不利条件9105【课堂笔记】the + 形容词表示一类人,如:the poor 穷人the rich 富人the disadvantaged 弱势群体invent [in'vent] v. 发明、创造3426助记:in(加强语气)+vent(来临、出现)→出现→发明(即:“发明”某物即某物“出现”)invention[in'venʃən] n. 发明、创造4828【课堂笔记】-ion 99.9%情况下,为名词后缀;极少数情况下,为动词后缀,如mention n/v. 提及/提到worth mentioning 值得一提的inventive[ɪn'ventɪv] adj. 发明的;有发明才能的;独出心裁的12610inventor[ɪn'ventə]n. 发明家;发明人;创造者8346【课堂笔记】-or 1)做名词后缀人-ar 物:机/器tractor-er 2) 做形容词后缀,表示…的-ur 3)少数情况下:做动词后缀inventory['invəntəri,] n. 存货清单、详细目录4005搭配:huge inventories(考):大量的库存【课堂笔记】1.invent 1)发明2)发现/找到2.inventory n. 存货清单、详细目录助记:invent(发现/找到)+ ory(名词后缀)→方便你去发现/找到物品的清单如:directory n. 电话通讯录;通讯清单direct(指导/引导)+ ory(名词后缀)→指导你去寻找某人的清单→电话通讯录reinvent[ˌri:ɪnˈvent]vt. 重新使用;重复发明(在不知他人已发明的情况下)8350 reinvention [,riːɪn'venʃən] n. 重新使用;彻底改造;重复发明20087venture['ventʃə] n. 风险、冒险;企业3322助记:vent(来,另外,vent还在刻意模仿单词“chance:冒险)→来冒险→风险,冒险;(有风险)企业搭配:venture capitalists(考):风险投资家space venture(考):太空探险adventure [əd'ventʃə]n. 冒险;冒险精神;投机活动2885【课堂笔记】ad+ 名词(该名词的)动词形式ac如:venture → adventurecompany (公司/陪伴) → accompany (v. 陪伴)adventurer [əd'ventʃ(ə)rə]n. 冒险家;投机商人13796adventurous [əd'ventʃ(ə)rəs]adj. 爱冒险的;大胆的;充满危险的11153 avenue ['æv(ə)njuː]n. 林荫大道;大街6178invest[in'vest] v. 投资2015investment [in'vestmənt] n. 投资、投入1044 搭配:the scale of investment(考):投资规模real estate investment(考):房地产投资investor [ɪn'vestə] n. 投资者1714高难度词汇:venue ['venjuː] n. 审判地;犯罪地点;发生地点;集合地点5460convent ['kɒnv(ə)nt]n. 女修道院11560词源:c. 1200, covent, cuvent, "association or community of persons devoted to religious life,"from Anglo-French covent, from Old French convent, covent "monastery, religious community," from Latin conventus "assembly," used in Medieval Latin for "religious house," originally past participle of convenire "to come together, meet together, assemble; unite, join, combine; agree with, accord; be suitable or proper (to)," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + venire "to come" (from PIE root *gwa- "to go, come").covenant ['kʌv(ə)nənt]n. 契约,盟约;合同;(定期付款的)书面承诺11548词源:1775, "a remembrance or memory," from French souvenir (12c.), from Old French noun useof souvenir (v.) "to remember, come to mind," from Latin subvenire "come to mind," from sub "up from below" (see sub-) + venire "to come," from a suffixed form of PIE root *gwa- "to go, come." Meaning "token of remembrance, memento" is first recorded 1782.【课堂笔记】助记:sou(=sub,自下而上)+ ven(来)→某种回忆或某种东西自下而上突然涌上心头→想起;记起→纪念品;礼物vent[vent]n. 出口;通风孔;(感情的)发泄11270词源:late 14c., "emit from a confined space," probably a shortening of aventer"expose oneself to the air" (c. 1300), from Old French eventer"let out, expose to air," from Vulgar Latin*exventare, from Latin ex"out" +ventus"wind" (from PIE*wē-nt-o- "blowing," suffixed (participial) form of root*we-"to blow"). Sense of "express freely" first recorded 1590s. Sense of "divulge, publish" (1590s) is behind phrase vent one's spleen(see spleen). Related:Vented;venting.【课堂笔记】exventare 简写后vent n. 出口;通风孔;(感情的)发泄exventare = ex(向外)+ vent(走;走来)+ are(后缀)→让风走出去的东西→通风孔wind(v和w;t和d;读音相似,相互转换,词义不变)➢v和w读音相似,发生转换的情况,如:win 胜利,引申出词根-vinin vin cible 不可战胜的ventilation [,ventɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n]n. 空气流通;通风设备10030ventilator ['ventɪleɪtə]n. 通风设备;通风口;通气机;呼吸器16818intravenous [,ɪntrə'viːnəs]adj. 进入静脉的; 静脉注射的;13184【课堂笔记】助记:intra(=enter;进入)+ ven(走)+ ous(形容词后缀)→走进入到静脉里面的→进入静脉的= vein 静脉venous ['viːnəs] adj. 静脉的,静脉中的; 19933【课堂笔记】venous ≠ venus (金星):静脉的,静脉中的助记:ven(=vein,静脉)+ ous(形容词后缀)→静脉的vend [vend] vi. 出售、贩卖18563【课堂笔记】助记:ven(走)+d(后缀)→边走边喊叫着卖→贩卖vendor ['vendə; 'vendɔː]n. 小贩;卖主;自动售货机4680minivan ['mɪnɪvæn]n. 小型货车10498【课堂笔记】助记:mini(=-mini=small;小的;微型的)+ -van(货车)→小型货车van [væn] n. 先锋;厢式货车;[计]增值网3559【课堂笔记】助记:-van-vanc 前/先如:advance-van既可以表示“走”,也可以表示“前”caravan['kærəvæn; kærə'væn]n. 旅行拖车;大篷车;房车10442释义:A caravan is a vehicle without an engine that can be pulled by a car or van. It contains beds and cooking equipment so that people can live or spend their holidays in it.【课堂笔记】助记:cara-(=carry;携带)+ van (货车)→可以携带很多东西的货车→旅行拖车;大篷车avenge [ə'ven(d)ʒ]vt. 替…报仇15827【课堂笔记】助记:a-(加强语气)+ veng(报仇;复仇)+ e(后缀)→报仇;复仇veng≠ventrevenge [rɪ'ven(d)ʒ]n. 复仇;报复5351【课堂笔记】词义辨析:avenge 为他人伸张正义revenge 替自己报仇【复仇者联盟:Avengers】vengeance ['ven(d)ʒ(ə)ns]n. 复仇;报仇;报复8745 vengeful ['ven(d)ʒfʊl; -f(ə)l]adj. 复仇的,报复的;复仇心重的19075 vendetta [ven'detə]n. (尤指族间或血亲间的)仇杀;深仇19882。