英语cloze

Unit1 P25For quite a long time after man began to live in the _realm_ (1) of nature, he lived in fear of its destructive forces. He used to regard naturc with its _elemental_ (2)forces as something hostile to him. And even the forest was something wild and frightening to him. Very often, he was unable to _obtain__(3) the merest daily necessities though he worked together with others__stubbornly__(4) and collectively with his imtperfect tools. Through his interaction with nature, man changed it gradually. He cut down forest, cultivated land, _transferred__(5) various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, changed the shape and climate of his environment and _transformed__(6) plants and animals. He _subdued_ (7) and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society.Nonetheless, wtth the constant _expansion__(8) of agriculture and industry, man has robbed nature of too much of its _irreplaceable__(9) resources, polluted his own living environment and caused about 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years to become __extinct_ (10) and still many others to be endangered. The previous _dynamic_(1) balance between man and nature is on the _verge__(12)of breaking down. Man is now faced with the problem of how to stop,or at least to _moderate__(13) the destructive effect of technology on nature.The crisis of the _ecological___(14) situation has become a global problem. The solution to the problem depends on __rational_ (15) and wise organization both of production itself and care for Mother Nature. This can only be done by all humanity, production itself and care for Mother Nature. This can rather than by individuals, enterprises or separate countries.Unit2 P53Technology is a "hot" issue nowadays. The defenders of technology stress it advantages while the opponents_emphasize__(1) its disadvantages. Neither side has ever taken the time to look at the_opposite_ (2)point of view.The defenders of technology hold that with technology, ,people's living conditions have been greatly _ i mproved__ (3). For example the boom in productivity has made goods better and cheaper. Therefore, things that were once _luxuries_ (4),such as jet travel and long-distance phonec calls,have become necessities. Medical technology, in particular, has _benefited__(5)us a lot，especially in prolonging life expectancy.On the other hand, the opponents of technology argue that technology makes life _obviously__(6)worse.Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft are all phenomena.Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft are all phenomena that make people _consciously_ (7) unhappy. In addition, many people believe technology disrupts relatongships'and _fractures_ (8) community.Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the relationship between happiness and technology have been an _eternal_ (9) subject for social critics and philosophers, though economists and social scientists have seldom touched on the topic.However, in 1974 the economists Richard Easterlin did _groundbreaking_ (10) work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being, In his famous paper_entitled__(11) “Does Econnmic Growth improve the Human Lot?", Easterlin s howed that there was no real _correlation_(12) between nation's income level and its citizens' happiness in the developed countries.In fact, technology is neither good nor bad.It _depends_(13)on what we want to do with it. Therefore, the responsibility belongs _exclusively_ (14)to humans who have to acquire a social conscienc., to respect human beings, nature and its balances.Unit4 P113Most people have work to do. With work, they can _enjoy_(1) their lives. However, people who did _ physical_(2) labor were looked down upon in the past. Many people were _compelled__(3) to take manrual lahor becaiise it was an absolute _ necessity__(4) for them to earn a living and to _ support_ (5) their families. By contrast, people who did _ mental__(6) work werc highly rcspected. Under the influence of this idea, even today some pcoplc still _ idealize__(7) their future when making choices for their career. What they care most about is whether thejob can give them enough social _ status_ (8) rather than whether they can realize their _values_ (9) in it. In their eyes, those who do manual labor should still be _ classified_(10) as inferior in social status.In fact, there is no _ essential_ (11) difference between those who work with their hands and those who work with their _mind_(12). Whether ajob is labor or work does not depend on th ejob itself but on people's _attitude_ (13) towards it.As long as you like your job, you will think you are_fortunate_(14) enough to take it and you will do it enthusiastically.Unit7 P222We often hear people say,"Time is money."' But today manyAmericans have come to realize that the crazy pursuit of money is leaving them too little time to enjoy life.They are tired of working just for the _ luxuries_(1)of life and are beginning to change their fast-paced lifestyles for a simple and _frugal_ (2)one, hoping to keep family, friends, work and play all of a piece.For some people, creating a more balanced life involves changingjobs or locations.For others, it means _trading_ (3) two incomes for one, in which case they must _curtail_(4) expenses. So some have sold out their _splendid_(5) homes and moved into smaller houses. They have given up the extra cars, unnecessary modern conveniences, and expensivc _hobbies_(6). They now do things by themselves to avoid paying for the services of others. They resist the temptation to purchase things on _impulse_ (7)and spend money only on _bare_(8)necessities and things that do not make _wasteful _(9)use of the earth's resources.However, they do not _deny_(10) themselves what they like or enjoy.The change in their lifestyle is not one involving _deprivation _(11);it is just simplifcation. They believe that they can still live a happy and fulfilling life on less money.Indeed, whether we can _maintain_(12)a healthy lifestyle or not does not depend on how wealthy we are but on. whether we have the _resolve_(13) and courage to discard our old _consumption_(14) habits.Unit11. show signs of2. called upon3. off limits4. in fear of5. slow down6. cut down7. from head to foot8. come by9. lost out10. As yet11. reside inUnit21) at the same time2) are stuck with3) for certain4) make no difference5) on average 6) when it comes to7) depends on8) built into9) come to mind10) at workUnit41.stands a chance/stood a chance2.ruled out3.worthy of4.gone through5.in the strict sense6.At a guess7.earns a living8.coincide with9.gone in for10.got their teeth intoUnit71）keeps track of 2）it turned out that 3）strip down to 4）take an interest in 5）in return6）is all of a piece 7）for good 8）write out 9)eat out 10）look back 11）cut outHuman beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, b ut also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people te nd to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nat ure. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance a nd the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human societ y from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for huma n beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of scien ce and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s lif e expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happi ness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Some people think that they've fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by "work" and why the y should work at all. In fact, "work" involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, i magination and creativity. To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedicati on, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he shoul d have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability. In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatev er he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. What ever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraord inary results in otherwise ordinary work.。