管理学术语英文对照解释
管理学中英文单词对照
第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e—business （electronic business）电子商务e—commerce (electronic commerce) 电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management （TQM) 全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well—structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long—term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO）目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate—level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High—performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales （BARS）行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill—based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development （OD）组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big—five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence （EI）情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self—esteem 自尊Self—monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self—serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement （nAch）成就需要Need for power (nPow）权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff）归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM）职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High—high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least—preferred co-worker (LPC） questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E—mail 电子邮件Instant messaging （IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange （EDI）电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。
管理学》专业词汇中英文对照(修订)doc-abc
第二部分专业词汇中英文对照AAbsenteeism 缺勤，旷工Acceptance of authority 权威的认可Accommodation 顺应（对待冲突的策略）Achievement-oriented leader 成就导向型领导者Acid test ratios 速动比率Acquisition 并购，收购Active listening 积极倾听Activities 活动Adjective rating scales 描述性评分表Affective component of an attitude 态度的情感成分Affirmative action programs 确认行动计划，积极行动方案Age Discrimination in Employment Act 反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness 随和Agriculture wave 农业化阶段，农业时代Americans with Disabilities Act美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style分析型决策制定风格Answering questions 回答问题Anthropology 人类学Assaults 袭击，攻击Assertiveness 专断，肯定，强制取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Assumed similarity 假定相似性Attentional processes 注意过程Attitudes 态度Attribution theory 归因理论Authority 职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership 专制式领导，独裁式领导Autonomy 自主，自主权Availability heuristic 只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance 回避，规避BBaby boomers 婴儿潮Bargaining strategies 争价策略，谈判策略Barriers to communication 沟通障碍Basic corrective action 彻底纠错行动Behavioral component of an attitude 态度的行为成分Behavioral science theorists 行为科学理论家Behavioral style of decision making 行为型决策制定风格Behavioral theories of leadership行为领导理论Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Behavior-related symptoms 行为表征Benchmarking 标杆瞄准，基准化Big five model 五因素模型，大五模型Board representatives 员工代表Body language 身体语言“Boiled frog phenomenon”“煮青蛙现象”Borderless organizations 无边界组织（内部）Boundaryless organization 无界组织Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析Broad-banding 基于员工能力付酬的一种方式Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control 行政控制Business evaluation method 企业评估方法C“Calm waters” metaphor“风平浪静”观Career 职业生涯Centralization 集权，集中Certainty 确定性Chain of command 指挥链Change agent 变革推动者Change 变革，改革，变化Changing economy 变化的经济Channel 渠道，媒介Charismatic leadership theory 魅力型领导理论Civil Rights Act 民权法案Clan control 文化控制Classical approach 经典观念，经典学派Closed system 封闭系统Coach 教练Code of ethics 道德规范Coercive power 强制权力，强制权Cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Collaboration 合作（对待冲突的策略）Combination strategy 组合战略Communication differences 沟通差异Communication process 沟通过程Communications 沟通Compensation 薪酬Compensation administration 薪酬管理Competence 技能，专长，能力，胜任特征Competency-based compensation基于能力的报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Competitive intelligence 竞争情报Competitive strategy 竞争战略Conceptual skills 概念技能，抽象能力Conceptual style of decision making 概念型决策制定风格Concurrent control 并行控制，同期控制Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict managers 冲突管理者Conflict 冲突Conscientiousness 正直，尽责Consideration 关心，关怀Consistency 一贯性Consultants 顾问，咨询者Contingency approach 权变观念，权变学派Contingency theories of leadership 权变领导理论Contingency variable 权变变量Contingent workforce 应急工，临时工Continuous improvement 持续改进，不断改进Contract workers 合同工Control 控制Controlling 控制职能Cooperativeness 合作取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Core competency 核心能力，核心专长Core employees 核心员工Cost-leadership strategy 成本领先战略Creative-thinking skills 创造思维能力Creativity 创造力Critical incidents 关键事件法Critical path scheduling analysis关键路径计划分析法Critical path 关键路径Crossword comprehension 填字游戏，纵横字谜理解Current ratio 流动比率Customer departmentalization 按顾客划分部门Customer service 顾客服务Customer-responsive culture 顾客响应文化DData Protection Act 数据保护法案Debt to assets ratio 资产负债率Decentralization 分权，分散Decision criteria 决策准则Decision implementation 决策实施Decision making 决策制定Decision-making process 决策制定过程Decision-making styles 决策风格Decision trees 决策树Decisional entrepreneur 决策方面的创业家角色Decoding 解码Delegation 授权Democratic style of leadership 民主式领导Democratic-consultative leader民主咨询式领导者Democratic-participative leader民主参与式领导者Departmentalization 划分部门，部门化Design 设计Deterrence-based trust 基于威慑的信任Devil’s advocate吹毛求疵者Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Direct supervision 直接监督Directional plans 指导性计划Directive leader 指示型领导者Directive style of decision-making 指示型决策制定风格Discipline 纪律Disseminator 传播者Distinctiveness 独特性Distributive bargaining 分配型讨价还价，零和分配争价Disturbance handler 故障排除者Division of labor 劳动分工Downsizing 缩小规模Dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突，不利的冲突Ee-business 电子企业，虚拟企业e-commerce 电子商务Economic order quantity (EOQ)经济定货批量Economics 经济学Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Elderly 年长者，老年人Electronic meeting 电子会议E-mail 电子邮件E-manufacturing 电子制造Emotional intelligence (EI) 情商Emotional stability 情绪稳定Emotions 情绪Employee assessment 员工评价Employee assistance programs (EAPs) 员工帮助计划Employee benefits 员工福利Employee counseling 员工咨询Employee oriented 员工导向的Employee theft 员工偷窃Employee training 员工培训Employment planning 招聘计划，雇佣计划Empowerment skills 赋权技巧Empowerment 赋权Encoding 编码English-only rules 仅使用英语进行交流Entrepreneurs 企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship 创业Environmental scanning 环境扫描e-organization 虚拟组织Equal Pay Act 平等工资法案Equity theory 公平理论Escalation of commitment 过度承诺Esteem needs 尊重需要Ethics 道德Events 事件Expectancy theory 期望理论Expert power 专家权力，专长权Expert systems 专家系统Expertise 专业知识，专门技术Extinction 消除Extranets 企业外网，广域网Extroversion 外向FFair labor standards Act 公平劳动标准法案Family and Medical Leave Act家庭和医疗假期法案Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act 联邦电子通讯隐私法案Feedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedforward control 前馈控制Fiedler contingency leadership model 菲德勒权变领导模型Figurehead 挂名首脑Filtering （信息）过滤First-line managers 基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-point reordering system 定点定货系统Flexibility 灵活性Flextime 弹性工作时间Focus strategy 集中化战略Forcing 强制（对待冲突的策略）Formal planning 正式计划Free-market democracies 自由市场经济Functional conflict 有利的冲突Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Future orientation 未来导向GGantt Chart 甘特图Gender differences 性别差异General administrative theorists一般行政管理理论家Geographic departmentalization按地区划分部门Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness (GLOBE) 全球领导与组织行为效果Global village 地球村Globalization 全球化Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Gossip 流言Grand strategies 总体战略Grapevine 小道消息Great Depression 大萧条Group 群体，小组Group behavior 群体行为Group cohesiveness 群体内聚力，群体凝聚力Group decision making 群体决策Group-order ranking 分组排序法Groupthink 趋同思维Growth strategy 增长战略HHalo effect 晕轮效应Harvesting 收回（投资）Heuristics 取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory 需要（求）层次理论Homicide 行凶，杀人Honest 诚实Hostile environment 敌对的环境Human relations view of conflict冲突的人际观Human resource inventory report人力资源储备报告Human resource management(HRM) 人力资源管理Humane orientation 人本导向Hygiene factors 保健因素IIdentification-based trust 基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems 非结构化问题Immediate corrective action 立即纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act 移民改革和控制法案Individual ranking 个人排序法Individualism vs. collectivism 个人主义与集体主义Industrial engineering 工业工程Industrial Revolution 产业革命，工业革命Industrialization wave 工业化阶段，工业时代Informal planning 非正式计划Information handling 信息处理Information overload 信息超载Information technologists 信息技术专家Information technology (IT) 信息技术Information wave 信息化阶段，信息时代Informational monitor 信息方面的监控者角色In-group collectivism 圈内集体主义，圈内合作Initiating structure 定规结构Innovation 创新Integrative bargaining 整合型讨价还价，共赢争价Integrity 正直Intellectual property 智力资源Interactionist view of conflict 冲突的互动观Intergroup development 团际发展，组际发展Internet 因特网Interpersonal demands 人际需求Interpersonal skills 人际技能Interview 面试，访谈Intranets 企业内网，局域网Intrapreneurs 内企业家，内部创业者Intrinsic task motivation 内在工作动机Inventory turnover ratios 库存周转率ISO 9000 series ISO 9000 系列JJargon 技术用语，行话Job analysis 职务分析，工作分析Job characteristics model (JCM)职务特征模型，工作特征模型Job description 职务描述，工作描述Job enrichment 职务丰富化，工作丰富化Job involvement 工作投入Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job sharing 职务分担，工作分担（分享）Job specification 职务说明，工作说明Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems 准时制库存系统KKaizen 改善Kanban 看板Karoshi 劳累过度而猝死Knowledge-based trust 基于了解的信任Knowledge management 知识管理Knowledge workers 知识工人LLabor relations 劳工关系Labor supply 劳动力供应Laissez-faire style of leadership放任式领导Language 语言Layoffs 裁员Layoff-survivor sickness 裁员幸存者心态（综合症）Leader-participation model 领导者参与模型Leaders 领导者Leadership 领导Leading 领导职能Learning 学习Learning organization s学习型组织Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Legitimate power 法定权力，法定权Leverage ratios 财务杠杆比率Leverage test 杠杆能力测试Liaison 联络者Line authority 直线职权Linear programming 线性规划Liquidity 流动Liquidity test 流动性测试Load chart 负荷图Locus of control 控制中心，控制点Long-term plans 长期计划Long-term vs. short-term orientation 长期（短期）倾向Loyalty 忠心，忠诚MMachiavellianism (“Mach”) 马基雅维里主义Management 管理Management by objectives (MBO)目标管理Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动管理Management charter initiative (MCI) 管理宪章运动（英国研究管理能力的组织）Management competencies 管理能力Management processes 管理过程，管理职能Management science 管理科学Management workshop 管理研讨与实践Managerial grid 管理方格Managerial roles 管理者角色Managers 管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act 强制退休法案Manufacturing organization 生产企业，制造企业Market control 市场控制Mass production 大量生产Matrix structure 矩阵制组织结构Measurement 度量，衡量Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Merger 兼并Message 消息，信息Middle managers 中层管理者Minimum-wage employees 最低工资员工Mission statement 使命陈述Motivation 动机，激励Motivation-hygiene theory 激励保健理论，双因素理论Motivators 激励因素Motor reproduction process 机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs) 多国公司Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 迈耶—布里格斯类型指标NNational culture 民族文化National Labor Relations Act 全国劳工关系法案Need 需要Need for achievement 成就需要Need for affiliation 归属需要Need for power 权力需要Negative reinforcement 负强化Negotiation 谈判Negotiator 谈判者Networked communication capabilities 网络沟通能力Networked computer systems 计算机网络系统Neural network 神经网络Neutralizers 中和New Deal 新政Nominal group technique 名义群体（决策）技术Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Nonverbal cues 非语言暗示Norms 规范Not-for-profit organizations 非赢利性组织OOn-the-job training 在职培训Open systems 开放系统Opening comments 开场白Openness 开放Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射，操作制约Operating ratios 经营比率Operations management 作业管理Operations research (OR) 运筹学Operations Research Society of America 美国运筹学会Operations test 运营能力测试Operatives 操作者，作业人员Opportunities (Strategic) 机会（战略的）Oral reports 口头报告Organic organization 有机式组织Organization culture 组织文化Organization design 组织设计Organization development (OD)组织发展Organization structure 组织结构Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Organizational change 组织变革Organizational citizenship 组织公民Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational leadership 组织领导Organizational processes 组织过程Organizational strategy 组织战略Organizations 组织Organizing 组织职能Orientation 导向，定向Outsourcing 业务外包PPaired comparison approach 两两比较法，配对比较法Parochialism 狭隘观念Part-time employees 兼职员工Path-goal theory 目标路径理论Pay-for-performance programs按业绩付酬，业绩工资制Payoff matrices 工资矩阵Perception 知觉Performance appraisal methods绩效评估方法Performance-based compensation基于业绩的薪酬Performance management 绩效管理Performance management system绩效管理系统Performance orientation 绩效导向Performance-simulation tests 绩效模拟测试Personal differences 个体差异Personal growth and development个人成长与发展Personal observation 亲自观察Personality 个性PERT network analysis 计划评审技术网络分析方法Philosophy 哲学Physiological needs 生理需要Planning 计划职能Policy 政策Political science 政治科学Political skills 政治技能Polygraph Protection Act 测谎器（使用）保护法案Positive reinforcement 正强化Power 权力Power distance 权力差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act（反）孕期歧视法案Presentations 演讲Principles of management 管理原则Privacy Act 隐私权法案Proactive personality 主动个性Problem 问题Procedure 程序Process 过程，流程Process approach 过程观念，过程学派Process consultation 过程咨询Process departmentalization 按流程划分部门Process production 流程生产Product departmentalization 按产品划分部门Production oriented 面向生产的，生产导向Productivity 生产率Profit margin on revenues ratio 边际销售利润率Profit organizations 盈利性组织Profitability 盈利性，收益性Profitability ratios 收益性比率Programmed decisions 程序化决策Project 项目Project management 项目管理Protégé新手，学生Psychological symptoms 心理表征Psychology 心理学Punishment 惩罚Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应QQuality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quality management 质量管理Quantitative approach to management 管理定量方法Quantity of life vs. quality of life 生活的数量（质量），追求物质（质量）的生活观念Queuing theory 排队论RRailroad Unemployment Insurance Act 铁路工人失业保险法案Range of variation （允许）差异范围，偏差范围Ratio analysis 比率分析Rational 理性的，合理的Rational decision making 理性决策Realistic job preview (RJP) 真实的工作预览，面试时向求职者提供真实的信息Recruitment 招聘Referent 参量，参照对象Referent power 感召权力，感召权Reinforcement processes 强化过程Reliability 信度，可靠性Representative heuristic 只依据自己熟悉的事物判断与决策的取巧途径，以偏盖全倾向Resistance to change 变革抵制力量，变革障碍Resource allocator 资源分配者Responsibility 职责，责任Resume preparation 简历准备Retention processes 保持过程Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略Return on investment ratio 投资收益率Reverse mentoring 反向指导Reward power 奖赏权力，奖赏权Rewards 奖励，奖赏Rightsizing 规模调整Ringisei 全票通过，一致同意Risk 风险Risk taking 风险承担Role 角色Role ambiguity 角色模糊Role conflicts 角色冲突Role demands 角色要求Role overload 角色超载，任务超负荷Rule 准则，规则Rumors 谣传，流言SSafety needs 安全需要Sarbanes-Oxley Act 萨班斯－奥克斯利法案Satisfice 满意决策Scheduling tools 计划工具Scientific management 科学管理Selection process 选择过程，甄选过程Selective perception 选择性知觉Selectivity 选择性Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Self- 自我测试库Self-esteem (SE) 自尊Self-fulfilling prophecy 自证预言Self-monitoring 自我监控Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见，自利偏见Senior Citizen’s Freedom to Work Act年长公民自由工作法案Service organization 服务型组织Sexual harassment 性骚扰Short-term plans 短期计划Simple structure 简单式组织结构Single-use plans 一次性计划，单项计划Situational approach 情境（权变）观念，情境（权变）学派Situational leadership (SL) theory情境领导理论Six sigma 六σ（一种管理理念）Skill variety 技能多样性Slack time 松弛时间，富余时间Small business 小企业Social learning theory 社会学习理论Social loafing 滥竽充数现象Social needs 社会需要Social obligation 社会义务Social responsibility 社会责任Social responsiveness 社会响应Social security 社会安全Sociology 社会学Span of control 管理幅度，控制跨度Specific plans 具体计划Spokesperson 发言人Stability strategy 稳定战略Staff authority 参谋职权Stakeholders 利害相关者，利益相关者Standard 标准Standing plans 常用性计划，标准计划Statistical reports 统计报告Status 地位Stem cell research 干细胞研究Stereotyping 墨守陈规，因循守旧Stock options 股票期权Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic human resource management process 战略人力资源管理过程Strategic management process 战略管理过程Strategic planning 战略规划Strategic plans 战略计划Strategic problem solving 战略性的问题解决Strengths (Strategic) 优势（战略的）Stress 压力Stress interview 压力面试Stressor 压力因素，压力源Structural differentiation 结构差异Subcontractors 转包商Supervisors 监督者Supply chain management 供应链管理Supportive leader 支持型领导者Survey feedback 调查反馈SWOT analysis SWOT分析Systems approach 系统观念，系统学派TTactical plans 战术计划Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Team leaders 团队领导者Team leadership 团队领导Team-based structure 基于团队的组织结构Team-building 团队建设Technical skills 技术技能Technology 技术Telecommuting 远程办公，电子通勤Teleconferencing 电子会议，电信会议Temporary employees 临时员工Theory X X 理论Theory Y Y 理论Therbligs 基本动作Threats 威胁360-degree appraisal 360 评估Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Time interest earned ratio 已获利息倍数Tomorrow’s workforce 未来的劳动力Top managers 高层管理者Total assets turnover ratio 总资产周转率Traditional view of conflict 冲突的传统点Trait theories of leadership 特质领导理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformation process 变革过程，转换过程Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Transnational corporations (TNCs) 跨国公司Troubleshooters 麻烦解决者Trust 信任Turnover 流动，周转Type A personality A型个性Type B personality B型个性UUncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Unit coordinators 单位（部门）协调者Unit production 小批量生产Unity of command 统一指挥Unsatisfactory performance 令人不满意的业绩U.S. labor shortage 美国劳动力短缺VValidity 效度Valuation techniques 评价方法Value 价值Value chain 价值链Value chain management 价值链管理Verbal intonation 语调Videoconferencing 视频会议，电视会议Visionary leadership 富于远见的领导V ocational Rehabilitation Act 职业恢复法案WWeaknesses 劣势Wellness programs 福利计划Well-structured problems 结构化问题“White-water rapids” metaphor“急流险滩”观“Whiz Kids”“神童”Wireless communications 无限通讯Women 妇女Work councils 员工委员会，工会Work process engineering 工作流工程Work specialization 工作专业化，劳动分工Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act 工人调整与再培训告知法案Workforce diversity 劳动力多样化，员工多样化Workplace violence 工作场所暴力Written essay 书面总结Written reports 书面报告Written tests 书面测试，笔试。
2020年ACCA考试F1管理学术语英汉对照解释(1)
2020年ACCA考试F1管理学术语英汉对照解释(1) Foundations of Control：1、Control：控制The process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations.是对各项活动的监视，从而保证各项行动按计划实行并纠正各种显著偏差的过程。
2、Market control：市场控制An approach to control that emphasizes the use ofexternal market mechanisms to establish the standards used in the control system.是一种强调使用外在市场机制，在系统中建立使用标准来达到控制的方法。
3、Bureaucratic control：官僚控制An approach to control that emphasizes organizational authority and relies on administrative rules， regulations，procedures， and policies.是一种强调组织的，依靠管理规章、制度、过程及政策来实现控制系统的方法。
4、Clan control：小集团控制An approach to control in which employee behavior is regulated by the shared values， norms， traditions， rituals，beliefs，and other aspects of the organization‘s culture.在小集团控制下，员工的行为靠共同的价值、规范、传统、仪式、信念及其他组织文化方面的东西来调节。
《管理学》专业词汇中英文对照ABC
第二部分专业词汇中英文对照AAbsenteeism 缺勤，旷工Acceptance of authority权威的认可Accommodation 顺应（对待冲突的策略）Achievement-oriented leader 成就导向型领导者Acid test ratios 速动比率Acquisition 并购，收购Active listening 积极倾听Activities 活动Adjective rating scales描述性评分表Affective component of an attitude 态度的情感成分Affirmative action programs 确认行动计划，积极行动方案Age Discrimination in Employment Act 反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness 随和Agriculture wave 农业化阶段，农业时代Americans with Disabilities Act 美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style 分析型决策制定风格Answering questions 回答问题Anthropology 人类学Assaults 袭击，攻击Assertiveness 专断，肯定，强制取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Assumed similarity 假定相似性Attentional processes 注意过程Attitudes 态度Attribution theory 归因理论Authority 职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership 专制式领导，独裁式领导Autonomy 自主，自主权Availability heuristic 只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance 回避，规避BBaby boomers 婴儿潮Bargaining strategies 争价策略，谈判策略Barriers to communication沟通障碍Basic corrective action彻底纠错行动Behavioral component of an attitude 态度的行为成分Behavioral science theorists 行为科学理论家Behavioral style of decision making 行为型决策制定风格Behavioral theories of leadership 行为领导理论Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Behavior-related symptoms行为表征Benchmarking 标杆瞄准，基准化Big five model 五因素模型，大五模型Board representatives 员工代表Body language 身体语言“Boiled frog phenomenon”“煮青蛙现象”Borderless organizations无边界组织（内部）Boundaryless organization无界组织Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析Broad-banding 基于员工能力付酬的一种方式Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control 行政控制Business evaluation method 企业评估方法C“Calm waters” metaphor“风平浪静”观Career 职业生涯Centralization 集权，集中Certainty 确定性Chain of command 指挥链Change agent 变革推动者Change 变革，改革，变化Changing economy 变化的经济Channel 渠道，媒介Charismatic leadership theory 魅力型领导理论Civil Rights Act 民权法案Clan control 文化控制Classical approach 经典观念，经典学派Closed system 封闭系统Coach 教练Code of ethics 道德规范Coercive power 强制权力，强制权Cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Collaboration 合作（对待冲突的策略）Combination strategy 组合战略Communication differences沟通差异Communication process 沟通过程Communications 沟通Compensation 薪酬Compensation administration薪酬管理Competence 技能，专长，能力，胜任特征Competency-based compensation 基于能力的报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Competitive intelligence竞争情报Competitive strategy 竞争战略Conceptual skills 概念技能，抽象能力Conceptual style of decision making 概念型决策制定风格Concurrent control 并行控制，同期控制Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict managers 冲突管理者Conflict 冲突Conscientiousness 正直，尽责Consideration 关心，关怀Consistency 一贯性Consultants 顾问，咨询者Contingency approach 权变观念，权变学派Contingency theories of leadership 权变领导理论Contingency variable 权变变量Contingent workforce 应急工，临时工Continuous improvement 持续改进，不断改进Contract workers 合同工Control 控制Controlling 控制职能Cooperativeness 合作取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Core competency 核心能力，核心专长Core employees 核心员工Cost-leadership strategy成本领先战略Creative-thinking skills创造思维能力Creativity 创造力Critical incidents 关键事件法Critical path scheduling analysis 关键路径计划分析法Critical path 关键路径Crossword comprehension填字游戏，纵横字谜理解Current ratio 流动比率Customer departmentalization 按顾客划分部门Customer service 顾客服务Customer-responsive culture 顾客响应文化DData Protection Act 数据保护法案Debt to assets ratio 资产负债率Decentralization 分权，分散Decision criteria 决策准则Decision implementation 决策实施Decision making 决策制定Decision-making process决策制定过程Decision-making styles 决策风格Decision trees 决策树Decisional entrepreneur决策方面的创业家角色Decoding 解码Delegation 授权Democratic style of leadership 民主式领导Democratic-consultative leader 民主咨询式领导者Democratic-participativeleader 民主参与式领导者Departmentalization 划分部门，部门化Design 设计Deterrence-based trust 基于威慑的信任Devil’s advocate吹毛求疵者Differentiation strategy差异化战略Direct supervision 直接监督Directional plans 指导性计划Directive leader 指示型领导者Directive style of decision-making 指示型决策制定风格Discipline 纪律Disseminator 传播者Distinctiveness 独特性Distributive bargaining分配型讨价还价，零和分配争价Disturbance handler 故障排除者Division of labor 劳动分工Downsizing 缩小规模Dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突，不利的冲突Ee-business 电子企业，虚拟企业e-commerce 电子商务Economic order quantity (EOQ) 经济定货批量Economics 经济学Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Elderly 年长者，老年人Electronic meeting 电子会议E-mail 电子邮件E-manufacturing 电子制造Emotional intelligence (EI) 情商Emotional stability 情绪稳定Emotions 情绪Employee assessment 员工评价Employee assistance programs (EAPs) 员工帮助计划Employee benefits 员工福利Employee counseling 员工咨询Employee oriented 员工导向的Employee theft 员工偷窃Employee training 员工培训Employment planning 招聘计划，雇佣计划Empowerment skills 赋权技巧Empowerment 赋权Encoding 编码English-only rules 仅使用英语进行交流Entrepreneurs 企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship 创业Environmental scanning 环境扫描e-organization 虚拟组织Equal Pay Act 平等工资法案Equity theory 公平理论Escalation of commitment过度承诺Esteem needs 尊重需要Ethics 道德Events 事件Expectancy theory 期望理论Expert power 专家权力，专长权Expert systems 专家系统Expertise 专业知识，专门技术Extinction 消除Extranets 企业外网，广域网Extroversion 外向FFair labor standards Act公平劳动标准法案Family and Medical Leave Act家庭和医疗假期法案Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act 联邦电子通讯隐私法案Feedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedforward control 前馈控制Fiedler contingency leadership model 菲德勒权变领导模型Figurehead 挂名首脑Filtering （信息）过滤First-line managers 基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-point reordering system 定点定货系统Flexibility 灵活性Flextime 弹性工作时间Focus strategy 集中化战略Forcing 强制（对待冲突的策略）Formal planning 正式计划Free-market democracies自由市场经济Functional conflict 有利的冲突Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Future orientation 未来导向GGantt Chart 甘特图Gender differences 性别差异General administrativetheorists 一般行政管理理论家Geographic departmentalization 按地区划分部门Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness (GLOBE) 全球领导与组织行为效果Global village 地球村Globalization 全球化Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Gossip 流言Grand strategies 总体战略Grapevine 小道消息Great Depression 大萧条Group 群体，小组Group behavior 群体行为Group cohesiveness 群体内聚力，群体凝聚力Group decision making 群体决策Group-order ranking 分组排序法Groupthink 趋同思维Growth strategy 增长战略HHalo effect 晕轮效应Harvesting 收回（投资）Heuristics 取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory 需要（求）层次理论Homicide 行凶，杀人Honest 诚实Hostile environment 敌对的环境Human relations view of conflict 冲突的人际观Human resource inventory report 人力资源储备报告Human resource management(HRM)人力资源管理Humane orientation 人本导向Hygiene factors 保健因素IIdentification-based trust 基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems非结构化问题Immediate corrective action 立即纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act 移民改革和控制法案Individual ranking 个人排序法Individualism vs. collectivism 个人主义与集体主义Industrial engineering 工业工程Industrial Revolution 产业革命，工业革命Industrialization wave 工业化阶段，工业时代Informal planning 非正式计划Information handling 信息处理Information overload 信息超载Information technologists信息技术专家Information technology (IT) 信息技术Information wave 信息化阶段，信息时代Informational monitor 信息方面的监控者角色In-group collectivism 圈内集体主义，圈内合作Initiating structure 定规结构Innovation 创新Integrative bargaining整合型讨价还价，共赢争价Integrity 正直Intellectual property 智力资源Interactionist view of conflict 冲突的互动观Intergroup development 团际发展，组际发展Internet 因特网Interpersonal demands 人际需求Interpersonal skills 人际技能Interview 面试，访谈Intranets 企业内网，局域网Intrapreneurs 内企业家，内部创业者Intrinsic task motivation内在工作动机Inventory turnover ratios库存周转率ISO 9000 series ISO 9000 系列JJargon 技术用语，行话Job analysis 职务分析，工作分析Job characteristics model (JCM)职务特征模型，工作特征模型Job description 职务描述，工作描述Job enrichment 职务丰富化，工作丰富化Job involvement 工作投入Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job sharing 职务分担，工作分担（分享）Job specification 职务说明，工作说明Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems 准时制库存系统KKaizen 改善Kanban 看板Karoshi 劳累过度而猝死Knowledge-based trust 基于了解的信任Knowledge management 知识管理Knowledge workers 知识工人LLabor relations 劳工关系Labor supply 劳动力供应Laissez-faire style of leadership 放任式领导Language 语言Layoffs 裁员Layoff-survivor sickness裁员幸存者心态（综合症）Leader-participation model 领导者参与模型Leaders 领导者Leadership 领导Leading 领导职能Learning 学习Learning organization s学习型组织Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Legitimate power 法定权力，法定权Leverage ratios 财务杠杆比率Leverage test 杠杆能力测试Liaison 联络者Line authority 直线职权Linear programming 线性规划Liquidity 流动Liquidity test 流动性测试Load chart 负荷图Locus of control 控制中心，控制点Long-term plans 长期计划Long-term vs. short-term orientation 长期（短期）倾向Loyalty 忠心，忠诚MMachiavellianism (“Mach”)马基雅维里主义Management 管理Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动管理Management charter initiative (MCI) 管理宪章运动（英国研究管理能力的组织）Management competencies 管理能力Management processes 管理过程，管理职能Management science 管理科学Management workshop 管理研讨与实践Managerial grid 管理方格Managerial roles 管理者角色Managers 管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act 强制退休法案Manufacturing organization 生产企业，制造企业Market control 市场控制Mass production 大量生产Matrix structure 矩阵制组织结构Measurement 度量，衡量Mechanistic organization机械式组织Merger 兼并Message 消息，信息Middle managers 中层管理者Minimum-wage employees 最低工资员工Mission statement 使命陈述Motivation 动机，激励Motivation-hygiene theory激励保健理论，双因素理论Motivators 激励因素Motor reproduction process 机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs) 多国公司Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 迈耶—布里格斯类型指标NNational culture 民族文化National Labor Relations Act 全国劳工关系法案Need 需要Need for achievement 成就需要Need for affiliation 归属需要Need for power 权力需要Negative reinforcement 负强化Negotiation 谈判Negotiator 谈判者Networked communication capabilities 网络沟通能力Networked computer systems计算机网络系统Neural network 神经网络Neutralizers 中和New Deal 新政Nominal group technique名义群体（决策）技术Nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策Nonverbal cues 非语言暗示Norms 规范Not-for-profit organizations 非赢利性组织OOn-the-job training 在职培训Open systems 开放系统Opening comments 开场白Openness 开放Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射，操作制约Operating ratios 经营比率Operations management 作业管理Operations research (OR)运筹学Operations Research Society of America 美国运筹学会Operations test 运营能力测试Operatives 操作者，作业人员Opportunities (Strategic)机会（战略的）Oral reports 口头报告Organic organization 有机式组织Organization culture 组织文化Organization design 组织设计Organization development (OD) 组织发展Organization structure 组织结构Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Organizational change 组织变革Organizational citizenship 组织公民Organizational commitment组织承诺Organizational leadership组织领导Organizational processes组织过程Organizational strategy组织战略Organizations 组织Organizing 组织职能Orientation 导向，定向Outsourcing 业务外包PPaired comparison approach 两两比较法，配对比较法Parochialism 狭隘观念Part-time employees 兼职员工Path-goal theory 目标路径理论Pay-for-performance programs按业绩付酬，业绩工资制Payoff matrices 工资矩阵Perception 知觉Performance appraisal methods 绩效评估方法Performance-based compensation 基于业绩的薪酬Performance management 绩效管理Performance management system 绩效管理系统Performance orientation绩效导向Performance-simulation tests 绩效模拟测试Personal differences 个体差异Personal growth and development 个人成长与发展Personal observation 亲自观察Personality 个性PERT network analysis 计划评审技术网络分析方法Philosophy 哲学Physiological needs 生理需要Planning 计划职能Policy 政策Political science 政治科学Political skills 政治技能Polygraph Protection Act测谎器（使用）保护法案Positive reinforcement 正强化Power 权力Power distance 权力差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act（反）孕期歧视法案Presentations 演讲Principles of management管理原则Privacy Act 隐私权法案Proactive personality 主动个性Problem 问题Procedure 程序Process 过程，流程Process approach 过程观念，过程学派Process consultation 过程咨询Process departmentalization 按流程划分部门Process production 流程生产Product departmentalization 按产品划分部门Production oriented 面向生产的，生产导向Productivity 生产率Profit margin on revenues ratio 边际销售利润率Profit organizations 盈利性组织Profitability 盈利性，收益性Profitability ratios 收益性比率Programmed decisions 程序化决策Project 项目Project management 项目管理Protégé新手，学生Psychological symptoms 心理表征Psychology 心理学Punishment 惩罚Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应QQuality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quality management 质量管理Quantitative approach to management 管理定量方法Quantity of life vs. quality of life 生活的数量（质量），追求物质（质量）的生活观念Queuing theory 排队论RRailroad Unemployment Insurance Act 铁路工人失业保险法案Range of variation （允许）差异范围，偏差范围Ratio analysis 比率分析Rational 理性的，合理的Rational decision making理性决策Realistic job preview (RJP) 真实的工作预览，面试时向求职者提供真实的信息Recruitment 招聘Referent 参量，参照对象Referent power 感召权力，感召权Reinforcement processes强化过程Reliability 信度，可靠性Representative heuristic只依据自己熟悉的事物判断与决策的取巧途径，以偏盖全倾向Resistance to change 变革抵制力量，变革障碍Resource allocator 资源分配者Responsibility 职责，责任Resume preparation 简历准备Retention processes 保持过程Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略Return on investment ratio 投资收益率Reverse mentoring 反向指导Reward power 奖赏权力，奖赏权Rewards 奖励，奖赏Rightsizing 规模调整Ringisei 全票通过，一致同意Risk 风险Risk taking 风险承担Role 角色Role ambiguity 角色模糊Role conflicts 角色冲突Role demands 角色要求Role overload 角色超载，任务超负荷Rule 准则，规则Rumors 谣传，流言SSafety needs 安全需要Sarbanes-Oxley Act 萨班斯－奥克斯利法案Satisfice 满意决策Scheduling tools 计划工具Scientific management 科学管理Selection process 选择过程，甄选过程Selective perception 选择性知觉Selectivity 选择性Self-actualization needs自我实现需要Self-Assessment Library自我测试库Self-esteem (SE) 自尊Self-fulfilling prophecy自证预言Self-monitoring 自我监控Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见，自利偏见Senior Citizen’s Freedom to Work Act 年长公民自由工作法案Service organization 服务型组织Sexual harassment 性骚扰Short-term plans 短期计划Simple structure 简单式组织结构Single-use plans 一次性计划，单项计划Situational approach 情境（权变）观念，情境（权变）学派Situational leadership (SL) theory 情境领导理论Six sigma 六σ（一种管理理念）Skill variety 技能多样性Slack time 松弛时间，富余时间Small business 小企业Social learning theory 社会学习理论Social loafing 滥竽充数现象Social needs 社会需要Social obligation 社会义务Social responsibility 社会责任Social responsiveness 社会响应Social security 社会安全Sociology 社会学Span of control 管理幅度，控制跨度Specific plans 具体计划Spokesperson 发言人Stability strategy 稳定战略Staff authority 参谋职权Stakeholders 利害相关者，利益相关者Standard 标准Standing plans 常用性计划，标准计划Statistical reports 统计报告Status 地位Stem cell research 干细胞研究Stereotyping 墨守陈规，因循守旧Stock options 股票期权Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic human resource management process 战略人力资源管理过程Strategic management process 战略管理过程Strategic planning 战略规划Strategic plans 战略计划Strategic problem solving战略性的问题解决Strengths (Strategic) 优势（战略的）Stress 压力Stress interview 压力面试Stressor 压力因素，压力源Structural differentiation 结构差异Subcontractors 转包商Supervisors 监督者Supply chain management供应链管理Supportive leader 支持型领导者Survey feedback 调查反馈SWOT analysis SWOT分析Systems approach 系统观念，系统学派TTactical plans 战术计划Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Team leaders 团队领导者Team leadership 团队领导Team-based structure 基于团队的组织结构Team-building 团队建设Technical skills 技术技能Technology 技术Telecommuting 远程办公，电子通勤Teleconferencing 电子会议，电信会议Temporary employees 临时员工Theory X X 理论Theory Y Y 理论Therbligs 基本动作Threats 威胁360-degree appraisal 360?评估Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Time interest earned ratio 已获利息倍数Tomorrow’s workforce 未来的劳动力Top managers 高层管理者Total assets turnover ratio总资产周转率Traditional view of conflict 冲突的传统点Trait theories of leadership 特质领导理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformation process 变革过程，转换过程Transformational leaders变革型领导者Transnational corporations (TNCs) 跨国公司Troubleshooters 麻烦解决者Trust 信任Turnover 流动，周转Type A personality A型个性Type B personality B型个性UUncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Unit coordinators 单位（部门）协调者Unit production 小批量生产Unity of command 统一指挥Unsatisfactory performance 令人不满意的业绩. labor shortage 美国劳动力短缺VValidity 效度Valuation techniques 评价方法Value 价值Value chain 价值链Value chain management 价值链管理Verbal intonation 语调Videoconferencing 视频会议，电视会议Visionary leadership 富于远见的领导Vocational Rehabilitation Act职业恢复法案WWeaknesses 劣势Wellness programs 福利计划Well-structured problems结构化问题“White-water rapids” metaphor “急流险滩”观“Whiz Kids”“神童”Wireless communications无限通讯Women 妇女Work councils 员工委员会，工会Work process engineering工作流工程Work specialization 工作专业化，劳动分工Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act 工人调整与再培训告知法案Workforce diversity 劳动力多样化，员工多样化Workplace violence 工作场所暴力Written essay 书面总结Written reports 书面报告Written tests 书面测试，笔试。
2016年ACCA考试F1管理学术语英汉对照解释（3）
Organizational Culture and Environment：The Constraints 1、Omnipotent view of management：管理万能论： The view that managers are directly responsible for an organization‘s success or failure. 管理者对组织的成败负有直接责任。
2、Symbolic view of management ：管理象征论： The view that managers have only a limited effect on substantive organizational outcomes because of the large number of factors outside their control. 管理者影响结果的能⼒受外部因素的制约和约束。
3、Organizational culture：组织⽂化 A system of shared meaning within an organization that determines in large degree how employees act. 组织成员共有的价值和体系。
这⼀体系在很⼤程度上决定了组织成员的⾏为⽅式。
4、Strong culture ：强⽂化 Organizations in which the key values are intensely held and widely shared. 强烈拥有并⼴泛共享基本价值观的⽂化。
5、Socialization：社会化 The process that adapts employees to the organization‘s Culture 是指雇员适应组织⽂化所经历的过程。
6、External environment ：外部环境 Outside institutions or forces that potentially affect an organization‘s performance. 指能够对组织绩效造成潜在影响的外部⼒量和机构。
管理学英文术语
[转载]管理学核心概念中英文对照原文地址：管理学核心概念中英文对照作者：jaywang第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e-business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce) 电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well-structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long-term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill-based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development (OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big-five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI) 情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow) 权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E-mail 电子邮件Instant messaging (IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。
管理学英文术语
［转载］管理学核心概念中英文对照原文地址：管理学核心概念中英文对照作者：jaywang第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First—line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e—business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce）电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management （TQM）全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well—structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long—term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single—use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO）目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate—level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team—based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS）行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill—based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development （OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior （OCB）组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big—five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence （EI）情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self—monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three—needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement （nAch) 成就需要Need for power （nPow) 权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model （JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay—for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open—book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co—worker （LPC） questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path—goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E—mail 电子邮件Instant messaging （IM）即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange （EDI）电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around （MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。
管理类专业术语英汉对照
管理类专业术语英汉对照管理类专业术语英汉对照目录[隐藏]∙ 1 A∙ 2 B∙ 3 C∙ 4 D∙ 5 E∙ 6 F∙7 G∙8 H∙9 I∙10 J∙11 K∙12 L∙13 M∙14 N∙15 P∙16 Q∙17 R∙18 S∙19 T∙20 U∙21 V∙22 W∙23 Z[编辑]A∙access discrimination 进入歧视∙action research 动作研究∙adjourning 解散∙adhocracy 特别结构∙administrative principle 管理原则∙artifacts 人工环境∙artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠∙avoiding learning 规避性学习∙ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略[编辑]B∙balance sheet资产负债表∙BCG matrix波士顿咨询集团矩阵∙bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查∙bounded rationality 有限理性∙bureaucracy 官僚机构∙benchmarking标杆瞄准∙bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法∙boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用[编辑]C∙Computer-aided design puter-automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM)计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产∙confrontation 对话∙consortia 企业联合∙change agent 变革促进者∙chaos theory混沌理论∙charismatic leaders魅力型领导者∙charity principle 博爱原则∙coercive power 强制权∙cohesiveness 凝聚力∙collaborative management 合作型管理∙comparable worth 可比较价值∙competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准∙confrontation meeting 碰头会∙constancy of purpose 永久性目标∙contingency approach权变理论∙corporate social performance 公司社会表现∙corporate social responsibility公司社会责任∙corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应∙critical incident 关键事件∙current assets流动资产∙current liabilities流动负债∙culture strength 文化强度∙creative department 创造性部门∙craft technology 技艺性技术∙contextual dimension 关联性维度∙continuous process production 连续加工生产∙collectivity stage 集体化阶段∙clan control 小团体控制∙clan culture小团体文化∙coalition 联合团体∙collaborative 协作网络∙centrality 集中性∙centraliazation 集权化∙charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力[编辑]D∙decentralization分权∙democracy management 民主管理∙departmentalization 部门化∙differential rate system 差别报酬系统∙dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法∙division of labor 劳动分工∙downward mobility 降职流动∙dynamic engagement 动态融合∙dynamic network 动态网络∙domain 领域∙direct interlock 直接交叉∙divisional form 事业部模式∙differentiation strategy差别化战略∙decision premise 决策前提∙dual-core approach二元核心模式[编辑]E∙electronic data-processing(EDP) 电子数据处理∙employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格∙empowerment 授权∙encoding 解码∙end-user computing 终端用户计算系统∙entrepreneurship 企业家精神∙equity 净资产∙equity theory公平理论∙espoused value 信仰价值∙ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者∙expectancy theory期望理论∙expense budget 支出预算∙expense center 费用中心∙external audit外部审计∙external stakeholders 外部利益相关者∙extrinsic rewards外部奖励∙ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官∙external adaption 外部适应性∙elaboration stage 精细阶段∙entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段∙escalating commitment 顽固认同[编辑]F∙family group 家庭集团∙financial statement财务报表∙flat hierarchies 扁平型结构∙flexible budget弹性预算∙force-field theory 场力理论∙formal authority 合法权力∙formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估∙franchise 特许经营权∙formalization stage 规范化阶段∙functional grouping 职能组合∙formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道[编辑]G∙game theory博弈论∙general financial condition 一般财务状况∙geocentric manager 全球化管理者∙general manager总经理∙globalization] 全球化∙gossip chain 传言链∙grapevine 传言网∙global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系∙general environment 一般环境∙generalist 全面战略∙geographic grouping 区域组合∙global company 全球公司∙global geographic structure 全球区域结构[编辑]H∙Hawthorne effect霍桑效应∙heuristic principles 启发性原理∙hierarchy 科层制度∙hiring specification 招聘细则∙horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型∙hybrid structure混合结构∙high tech 高接触∙high-velocity environments 高倍速环境[编辑]I∙impoverished management 放任式管理∙income statement损益表∙information transformation 信息转换∙infrastructure基础设施∙integrative process 整合过程∙intelligent enterprises 智力企业∙internal audit 内部审计∙internal stakeholder 内部相关者∙internship 实习∙intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神∙intrinsic reward内在报酬∙inventory 库存, 存货∙internal integration内部整合∙interorganization relationship 组织间的关系∙intergroup conflict 团体间冲突∙interlocking directorate 交叉董事会∙institutional perspective 机构的观点∙intuitive decision making 直觉决策∙idea champion 构思倡导者∙incremental change 渐进式变革∙informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构∙informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价[编辑]J∙job description 职务描述∙job design 职务设计∙job enlargement 职务扩大化∙job enrichment 职务丰富化∙job rotation 职务轮换∙job specialization 职务专业化[编辑]K∙key performance areas 关键业务区∙key result areas关键绩效区[编辑]L∙labor productivity index 劳动生产力指数∙laissez management 自由化管理∙large batch production大批量生产∙lateral communication横向沟通∙leadership style 领导风格∙least preferred co-worker(LPC) 最不喜欢的同事∙legitimate power 合法权力∙liability 负债∙liaison 联络者∙line authority 直线职权∙liquidity 流动性∙liaison role 联络员角色∙long-linked technology 纵向关联技术∙losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失∙low-cost leadership 低成本领先[编辑]M∙management by objective目标管理∙Managerial Grid 管理方格∙matrix bosses 矩阵主管∙management champion 管理倡导者∙materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划∙Mslow's hierarchy of needs马斯洛需求层次论∙marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观∙multiculturalism 文化多元主义∙multidivisional firm 多部门公司∙moral rules 道德准则∙management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理∙matrix structure 矩阵结构∙multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司∙moral relativism 道德相对主义∙mechanistic system 机械式组织∙middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理∙meso theory 常态理论∙multidomestic strategy多国化战略∙mediating technology 调停技术[编辑]N∙na?ve relativism 朴素相对主义∙need-achievement 成就需要∙norming 规范化∙norms 规范∙nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策∙nonsubstitutability 非替代性∙nonroutine technology 非例行技术∙niche 领地∙off-the-job training 脱产培训∙on-the-job training 在职培训∙operational budget运营预算∙order backlog 订单储备∙organic system 有机系统∙organizational development(OD) 组织发展∙orientation 定位∙outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性∙outplacement services 外延服务∙organization ecosystem 组织生态系统[编辑]P∙paradox of authority 权威的矛盾∙paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾∙paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾∙paradox of identify 身份的矛盾∙paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾∙paradox of regression 回归的矛盾∙partial productivity 部分生产率∙participative management 参与式管理∙path-goal model路径目标模型∙peer recruiter 同级招聘∙political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会∙polycentric manager 多中心管理者∙portfolio framework 业务组合框架∙portfolio investment 资产组合投资∙positive reinforcement正强化∙production flexibility生产柔性∙profitability收益率∙programmed decisions程序化决策∙psychoanalytic view 精神分析法∙paradigm 范式∙personal ratios 人员比例∙pooled dependence 集合性依存∙professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构∙problem identification 问题识别∙problemistic search 问题搜寻∙population ecology model种群生态模型[编辑]Q∙quality 质量∙quality circle质量圈∙question mark 问题类市场∙quid pro quo 交换物[编辑]R∙rational model of decision making 理性决策模式∙realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览∙reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性∙resource dependence 资源依赖理论∙routine technology 例行技术∙retention 保留∙rational approach 理性方法∙rational model 理性模型∙rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威[编辑]S∙semivariable cost 准可变成本∙sense of potency 力量感∙sensitivity training敏感性训练∙sexual harassment 性骚扰∙short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化∙single-strand chain 单向传言链∙situational approach 情境方法∙situational force 情境力量∙situational leadership theory情境领导理论∙sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算∙small-batch production 小规模生产∙sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法∙span of management 管理幅度∙staff authority 参谋职权∙standing plan 长设计划∙step budget 分步预算∙stewardship principle 管家原则∙stimulus 刺激∙storming 调整阶段∙strategic management战略管理∙strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系∙strategy formulation战略制定∙strategy implementation战略实施∙strategic control战略控制∙strategic contingencies 战略权变∙satisficing满意度∙subsystems 子系统∙subunits 子单位∙synergy 协同∙system boundary 系统边界∙structure dimension 结构性维度∙sequential interdependence 序列性依存∙self-directed team自我管理型团队∙specialist 专门战略∙strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革∙symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征[编辑]T∙tall hierarchies 高长型科层结构∙task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队∙task independence 任务的内部依赖性∙task management 任务型管理∙task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格∙total productivity 全部生产率∙Total Quality Management全面质量管理∙training positions 挂职培训∙training program 培训程序∙transactional leaders 交易型领导∙transformational leaders变革型领导∙treatment discrimination 歧视待遇∙two-factory theory双因素理论∙two-boss employees 双重主管员工∙technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者[编辑]U∙unfreezing 解冻∙unit production 单位产品[编辑]V∙variation 变种子∙variety 变量∙valence 效价∙variable costs 可变成本∙vertical communication纵向沟通∙vertical integration纵向一体化∙vestibule training仿真培训∙volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性∙vertical linkage 纵向连接∙venture team 风险团队∙value based leadership 基于价值的领导[编辑]W∙win-lose situation 输赢情境∙win-win situation 双赢情境∙workforce literacy 员工的读写能力∙work in progress在制品∙work flow redesign 工作流程再造成∙work flow automation 工作流程自动化∙whistle blowing 揭发[编辑]Z∙zero-sum 零---和∙zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
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Management Glindex(Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter)(Eighth Edition)（英汉对照）管理学原理双语组编写2007年3月Chapter 1 Management and Organizations1、Manager：管理者Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals .管理者是这样的人，他通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织目标的目的。
2、First-line managers :基层管理者Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial e mployees who are involved With the production or the organization’s products是管理着非管理人员所从事的生产和提供组织产品的工作，是最低层的管理者3、Middle managers :中层管理者Mangers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers处于基层和高层之间，管理着基层管理者。
4、Top manager :高层管理者Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.处于或接近组织顶层，承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
5、Management :管理The coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people管理是一个通过协调工作活动以便能够有效率和有效果地同别人一起或通过别人实现组织目标。
6、Efficiency : 效率Getting the most output from the least amount o f inputs referred to as “doing right things”是指以尽可能少的投入获得尽可能多的产品，“通常指正确的做事“，即不浪费资源。
7、Effectiveness :效果Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained referred to as “doing the right things”通常指“做正确的事“，即所从事的工作和活动有利于组织达到目标。
8、Planning : 计划Management function that involves the process of defining goals ,establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities包括定义目标，制定战略以获取目标，以及制定计划和协调活动的职能。
9、Organizing : 组织Management function that involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them. How the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to them, and where decisions are to made.指决定应该从事那些任务，应该有谁来从事这些任务，这些任务怎么分类和归集，谁向谁报告，以及在哪一级做处决策的职能。
10、Leading : 领导Management function that involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels or dealing in any way with employee behavior issues.指激励下属，影响工作中的个体或团队，选择最有效的沟通渠道，或者以任何方式处理雇员的行为问题的职能。
11、Controlling: 控制Management function that involves monitoring actual performance ,comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.指监控、评估工作实际绩效并与预先设定的目标进行比较，如果出现偏差，着采取措施使工作绩效回到正常的工作轨道上来的职能。
12、Management process: 管理过程The set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan ,organize, lead, and control.指一组进行中的决策和工作活动，在这个过程中管理者从事计划、组织、领导和控制。
13、Management roles: 管理角色Specific categories of managerial behavior指特定的管理行为类型14、Interpersonal roles: 人际关系角色Managerial roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature. 包含了人与人（下级和组织外的人），以及其他具有礼仪性和象征性的职责。
15、Informational roles: 信息传递角色Managerial roles that involve receiving, collecting, and disseminating Information.包括接受、收集和传播信息。
16、Decisional roles: 决策制定角色Managerial roles that revolve around making choices.是作出抉择的活动。
17、Technical skills: 技术技能Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field.指熟悉和精通某种特定专业领域的知识。
18、Human skills: 人际技能The ability to work well with other people individually and in a group.知道如何与员工沟通，如何激励。
引导和鼓舞员工的热情和信心，使员工做出最大的努力。
19、Conceptual skills: 概念技能The ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations是管理者对复杂和抽象的情况进行概念化的技能。
20、organization: 组织A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.是一种实体，他具有明确的目的，包含人员和成员以及具有某中精细的结构。
21、universality of management: 管理的普遍性The reality that management is need in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational level, in all organizational areas, and in organizations in all countries aroundthe globe.是指无论组织规模的大小，无论在组织的哪一个层次上，无论组织的工作领域是什么，无论这个组织位于哪一个国家，这个组织都需要管理。
Chapter 2: Management Yesterday and Today1、Division of labor : 劳动分工The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.即将工作分解为狭隘的重复性的任务。
2、Industrial revolution:The advent of machine power mass production , and efficient transportation.产业革命：机器动力的出现而带来的产量的增加及运输效率的提高。
3、Scientific management: 科学管理The use of scientific method to determine the “one best way” f or a job to be done.运用科学方法确定从事工作的“最佳方式”。
4、Therbligs：分类体系A classification scheme for labeling 17 basic hand motions.一个分析了17种手的动作（如抓取，持握等）的体系。
5、General administrative theorists: 一般行政管理理论Writers who developed general theories of what managers do and what constitutes goodmanagement practice.笔者发展出了关于管理者做什么，以及什么构成了良好的管理实践的更一般的理论。