上海市松江区2018年高三一模英语
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018-2019学年上海市松江区高三一模试卷
松江区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三数学（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12考生注意：1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，第1~6题每个空格填对得4分，第7~12题每个空格填对得5分，否则一律得零分. 1. 设集合{}|1A x x =>，|03x B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬-⎩⎭，则A B = .2. 若复数z 满足()3443i z i -=+，则||z = .3. 已知函数()y f x =的图像与函数()0,1x y a a a =>≠的图像关于直线y x =对称，且点()4,2P 在函数()y f x =的图像上，则实数a = .4. 已知等差数列{}n a 的前10和为30，则14710a a a a +++= .5. 若增广矩阵为1112m m m m +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的线性方程组无解，则实数m 的值为 . 6. 已知双曲线标准方程为2213x y -=，则其焦点到渐近线的距离为 .7. 若向量a ，b 满足()7a b b +⋅=，且||3a =，||2b =，则向量a 与b 夹角为 . 8. 在△ABC 中，内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别是a 、b 、c ，若()226c a b =-+，3C π=。
则△ABC的面积= . 9. 若函数()()|lg 10sin 0|x x f x xx ⎧->⎪=⎨≤⎪⎩，则()y f x =图像上关于原点O 对称的点共有 对. 10. 已知A ，B ，C 是单位圆上三个互不相同的点，若||||AB AC =，则AB AC ⋅的最小值是 .11. 已知向量1e ，2e 是平面α内的一组基向量，O 为α内的定点，对于α内任意一点P ，当12OP xe ye =+时，则称有序实数对(),x y 为点P 的广义坐标，若点A 、B 的广义坐标分别为()11,x y 、()22,x y ，对于下列命题：①线段AB 的中点的广义坐标为1212,22x x y y ++⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭； ②A 、B 两点间的距离为()()221212x x y y -+-； ③向量OA 平行于向量OB 的充要条件是1221x y x y =； ④向量OA 垂直于向量OB 的充要条件是12120x x y y +=. 其中的真命题是 .（请写出所有真命题的序号）12. 已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，且()()1f x f x ⋅-=和()()114f x f x +⋅-=对任意的x R ∈都成立，若当[]0,1x ∈时，()f x 的值域为[]1,2，则当[]100,100x ∈-时，函数()f x 的值域为 . 二、选择题（本大题满分20分）13. 过点()0,1且与直线210x y -+=垂直的直线方程是（ ）（A ）210x y +-= （B ）210x y ++= （C ）220x y -+= （D ）210x y --= 14. 若0a >，0b >，则x y a b x y a b +>+⎧⎨⋅>⋅⎩是x ay b >⎧⎨>⎩的（ ）（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件 （D ）既非充分又非必要条件15. 将函数()2sin 34f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的图像向下平移1个单位，得到()g x 的图像，若()()129g x g x ⋅=，其中[]12,0,4x x π∈，则12x x 的最大值为（ ） （A ）9 （B ）375（C ）3 （D ）1 16. 对于平面上一点P 和曲线C ，任取C 上一点Q ，若线段PQ 的长度存在最小值，则称该值为点P 到曲线C 的距离，记作(),d P C ，若曲线C 是边长为6的等边三角形，则点集(){}|,1D P d P C =≤所表示的图形的面积为（ ）（A ）36 （B ）3633- （C ）36π+ （D ）3633π-+三、解答题（本大题满分76分）本大题共有5题17. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分已知向量()3sin ,1a x =，()cos ,1b x =-. （1）若∥a b ，求tan 2x 的值；（2）若()()f x a b b =+⋅，求函数()f x 的最小正周期及当0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时的最大值.18. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分已知函数()221x f x a =-+（常数a R ∈） （1）讨论函数()f x 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）当()f x 为奇函数时，若对任意的[]2,3x ∈，都有()2xmf x ≥成立，求m 的最大值.19. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分某科技创新公司投资400万元研发了一款网络产品，产品上线第1个月的收入为40万元，预计在今后若干月内，该产品每月的收入平均比上一月增长50%。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----语法填空--学生版(已校对)
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。
上海2018年高三一模11选10汇总
The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial (1) _________ helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face's ability to send emotional (2) _________, whether through a(n) (3) _________ blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial ecognition is used by churches to (4) _________ worshippers' attendance: in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) (5) _________ outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, (6) _________ tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to (7) _________ the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs. such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are (8) _________ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, (9)_________ and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast (10)_________ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.The Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named "the world's best restaurant" by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website (1) _________ the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its (2) _________ Travelers' Choice awardsSo what's it got going for it?Firstly, this is isn't some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) (3) _________ young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it’s not really a pub any more. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in (4) _________ for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining (5) _________.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable (6) _________, offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly (7) _________ location. It's usually booked up well in advance with (8) _________ coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another (9) _________ two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York---(10) _________ the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor gloryExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988. the State Council released (1) _________ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent (2) _________ activities such as money laundering(洗钱). Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden. Denmark and Singapore are also (3) _________ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development does not mean there are no challenges and (4) _________.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can't purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply (5) _________ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation's two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (6) _________campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a "cashless society" which caused (7) _________ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (8) _________that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. "As the economy grows, the (9) _________ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.Also, it's important to remember that nearly half of China's population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (10) _________ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. "And when it comes to China's senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our (1) _________, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid (2) _________ problems in the futureMaking ethical (伦理的) decisions is a(n) (3) _________ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we’re taking, we can't make responsible choices. To (4) _________ risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as (5) _________. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a (6) _________.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it. ""I’m not hurting anyone, or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very complex: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though l'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not (7) _________ because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and (8) _________ excuses. If we fool ourselves into (9) _________ we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we’re making---and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or (10) _________of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourselfScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures (钉合或缝合).It's called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical (1) _________. The glue is made from a modified (改良的) human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel- like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural (2) _________ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it's applied to. Wounds (3) __________ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that (4) _________ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The (5) _________applications are powerful--- from treating serious (6) _________ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural (7) _________ to heal a wound. What's more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are (8) _________ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly (9) _________. If the MeTro can be further developed into a (10) _________product, it could become an essential part of a first responder's toolkit.The din (喧嚣) of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone---but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing (1) _________ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem---the slower (2) _________ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians. And a new study of auditory training with a (3) _________ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills. The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science's "Brain Fitness" were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their (4) _________ after the same amount of time. The authors received no funding from the makers of the program: the study was (5) _________ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63. The auditory training came in the form of (6) _________ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and (7) _________ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories.Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings. All of the participants showed improvement in these three (8) _________, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was (9) _________ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to (10) _________to the sound---bringing it to more “youthful” levels.7. 长宁/嘉定高三一模卷（2018）What is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define, but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that (1) _________ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the (2) _________ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst (催化剂) for transforming those talents into (3) _________.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an) (4) _________ to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not (5) _________ with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as (6) _________ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are (7) _________ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people (8) _________ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re (9) _________ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is (10) _________. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a (1) _________ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and (2) _________ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers ” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical (3) _________. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive”.This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be (4) _________ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum (5) _________ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has (6) _________ 495 signposts and 1400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) (7) _________ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It (8) _________ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its (9) _________ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular (10) _________ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the "2-Minute Rule"Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing.) aren't actually difficult to do --- you have the talent and skills to (1) _________ them---you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule (2) _________ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can't say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your (3) _________ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the (4) _________ of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it's easier to (5) _________doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started- not just the first time, but each time. It's not about performance, it's about (6) _________ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is (7) _________ true in the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn't about the results you achieve, but rather about the (8) _________ of actually doing the work. I can't guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you (9) _________ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different. I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can (10) _________ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done. Go.Company Builds World' s First Automobile Vending Machine(自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville. Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their (1) _________ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi- story structure that delivers our customers' cars by merely (2) _________ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) (3) _________ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling (4) _________ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get (5) _________ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the (6) _________ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win (7) _________ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2.000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great (8) _________experience --- placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.Carvana's (9) _________ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, (10) _________ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look (1) _________ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a (2) _________ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals (3) _________ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to behave like young cells.The discovery has the (4) _________ to lead to therapies which could help people age better, without experiencing some of the backward effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of constant illness, and as people get older they are more likely to suffer from heart disease and cancerProfessor Harries said: "This is a first step in trying to make people live (5) _________ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to (6) _________ function to old cells.”Dr. Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the (7) _________ and rapidity of the changes in the cells."When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish (8) _________ I couldn't believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic." she said. "I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells refreshed. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.As we age, our tissues gather aging cells which are alive but do not grow or (9) _________ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become exposed to disease as we age. When stimulated, genes make a message that gives the (10) _________ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.There's nothing more annoy ing than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is "I need to get rid of this insect immediately", but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) (1) _________creature.A team of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in (2) _________ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world's most (3) _________insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects (4) _________in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, (5) _________wing-beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can (6) _________ the view of their wings, " Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a(n) (7) _________, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the royal Veterinary College, the study's leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects."We predicted they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings (8) _________ their direction at the end of each half-stroke, "he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito's special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvements to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be (9) _________ to new developments in more human-focused use. “The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their fight behavior, how they carry disease and (10) _________how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It’s completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety, but is their (1) _________ to social media really harming them?Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it far more accessible than it (2) _________ was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to (3) _________ with their families, which they sometimes view as “annoying”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n) "(4) _________” ? The answer is simple: social media.However, when we use social media for a large amount of time, parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for (5) _________ their attention.The word, "social" was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world (6) _________. The truth, however, is that they are using it to connect with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world.Children and teens are (7) ________accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys< contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the (8) _________for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another (9) _________.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the (10) _________ from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University's Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (1) _________is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (2) _________ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (3) _________ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr. Juliane Kaminski: "We can now be (4) _________ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (5) _________ did not have the same effect.”The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (6) _________ to humans attention and that expressions are (7) _________active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays. "The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away from a person, and the dogs' faces were (8) _________ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (9) _________ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs' expressions have evolved as they were (10) _________. “Domestic dogs have a unique history --- they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs' ability to communicate with us,” she said.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-学生版(已校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Ch ristmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of vi olence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicalswere blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? A fter all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurt ful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotionalabuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival tim e in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager trav elers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual c ustomer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what wasmorally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleIt’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to alarge demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleReading the world in 195 boobsIn 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes,extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet.One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct。
2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷和参考答案
2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2017.12I.Listening ComprehensionSection A(10分)Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a concert.B.In a restaurant.C.In a flower shop.D.In a supermarket.2.A.15.B.50.C.85.D.100.3.A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Entertained.D.Disappointed.4.A.Because her boss will return her the money after seeing the receipt.B.Because her boss asks her to buy a lot of things.C.Because she wants to establish a standard procedure in her company.D.Because she wants to check everything she has bought.5.A.Go on with the chat.B.Review his lessons.C.Connect with his friends.D.Talk with his friends face to face.6.A.He is always in a good mood.B.He has spent more money than expected.C.He is good at playing the piano.D.He’s pleased with his purchase.7.A.Mr.White’s new appointment.B.Mr.White’s vacation.C.An important vacant position.D.How to apply for a job.8.A.Her shoes will be in stock next month.B.She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable.C.She is unwilling to wait for a long time.D.She ca n’t bear waiting.9.A.Policeman and car driver. B.Librarian and student.C.Doctor and patient.D.Post clerk and customer.10.A.John will deliver a presentation tomorrow about a new electronic device.B.The clients are very nervous about the quality of the new car.C.Tracy’s presentation is about a type of new electric car.D.Tracy is nervous because this electric car hasn’t received positive feedback before.Section B(15分)Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following news.11.A.Because man makes us of only20%of the brain’s capacity.B.Because the other80%of man’s brain will grow in due time.C.Because man’brain has grown larger over the past centuries.D.Because man will use his brain more and more as time goes on.12.A.He thinks and feels in different ways.B.He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C.He has no hair because it is no longer useful.D.His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t use them.13.A.M an’s life will be different in the future.B.Future man will look different from us.C.Man is growing taller and uglier as time goes by.D.The fun ctions of man’s organs will function as well as today.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Reading magazine articles. B.Preparing book reports.C.Writing research papers.D.Selecting information sources.15.A.Gathering nonrelevant information. B.Stealing another person’s ideas.C.Sharing notes with someone else.D.Handing in assignments late.16.A.In the student’s own words.B.In direct quotations.C.In short phrases.D.In shorthand.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Checking the room. B.Arranging a large conference.C.Running a hotel.D.Handling a complaint.18.A.There is no lavatory paper.B.The toilet doesn’t flush properly.C.The water doesn’t run away in the shower.D.There is no pillow in the room.19.A.Busy. B.Unhappy. C.Excited. D.Hot.20.A.Adjust the regulator. B.fix the toilet and shower.C.Send the lavatory paper.D.Send a cake and fruit.II.Grammar and VocabularySection A(10分)Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.One of my(21)________(memorable)vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy,my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life.We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm,(22) ________(join)in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family.We got up early to see the cows as they(23)________(milk).I even tried my hand at milking one,and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different(24)________my own.It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day,I wonder(25)________that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own.There is never a day when the animals don’t need to be fed.But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids.Vacations are a time for resting and connecting.As a bank manager,I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money.One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year.In our busy lives,family is what we(26)________be saving our money and time for.For my family,our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip.We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time.Among the things we discuss:Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel?Would it be better(27) ________(buy)groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28)________(involve)the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they havea great vacation too.I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim.So I build in some relaxation time for us all(29)________________the vacation can work for everyone.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especiallyimportant to us.This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Each year,setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes.(30)________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Section B(10分)Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work.The astonishing variety of facial31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.So is the face’s ability to send emotional32,whether through a(n)33blush or a false smile.People spend much of their waking lives,in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom,reading faces,for signs of attraction,hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.In America facial recognition is used by churches to34worshippers’attendance;in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters.This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n)35 outside a football game.In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers,36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile.Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to37the homescreen.Set against human skills,such applications might seem gradual.Some breakthroughs,such as flight or the Internet,obviously transform human abilities;facial recognition seems merely to encode them.Although faces are38to individuals, they are also public,so technology does not,at first sight,intrude on something that is private.And yet the ability to record,39and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast40promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy,fairness and trust.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”.For Starbucks,the brand had three elements:coffee41and stores.Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans42that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality.Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and 43service.Store design,atmosphere and aroma(浓香)all44the“Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled.Starbucks prided itself on the―Starbucks Experience‖,45coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.46those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee.You get great people,first-rate music,a comfortable and upbeat meeting place,and47advice on brewing excellent coffee at home.At home you’re part of a family.At work you’re part of a company.And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself.That’s what a Starbucks store has been48to creating for its customers—a kind of―third place‖where they can49,reflect,read,chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea.It was designed by Terry Heckler,who got the50from the wooden statue of the sea.Mermaid logo also51original and modern meanings:her face is very simple,but with modern abstract forms of packaging;the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of52:the visual warmth,hearing the way,smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think,through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets,53 sipping a coffee flavor,which is in line with the―Yapi‖,the feeling of experience in the54life.But the55of Starbuc ks is not about the coffee,although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier.Coffee consumption,to a great extent,is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41.A.people B.managers C.customers D.clients42.A.assured B.promised C.ensured D.predicted43.A.emergency B.environment C.employment D.customer44.A.consisted of B.benefited from C.contributed to D.headed for45.A.going beyond ing across C.making up D.depending on46.A.With regard to B.In addition to pared with D.In terms of47.A.general B.reasonable C.legal D.fascinatingmitted B.alerted C.subjected D.required49.A.negotiate B.perform C.conceal D.escape50.A.imagination B.inspiration C.patent D.philosophy51.A.creates B.cultivates C.credits D.conveys52.A.brand B.logo C.possession D.experience53.A.greedily B.gently C.persistently D.indifferently54.A.busy B.easy C.miserable D.energetic55.A.product B.vision C.essence D.importanceSection B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal(产后的)depression,a study shows.One in ten fathers—the same ratios as mothers—are found to suffer before or after birth.By the time their child reaches12weeks,as many as one in four are feeling down.The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal—as they are in women—and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children,changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal(父亲的)responsibility.In the early weeks,the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.The study put the overall rate of depression among new fathers at10.4percent—double the estimated4.8percent for all men in any12-month period.Around8percent were affected in the12weeks before and after birth,according to the Eastern Virginia Medical School Research.The study found parents were more likely to be down if their partner was too.It is estimated that around one in ten women suffers postnatal depression,even if they have never had mental health problems.Without treatment the condition can last for months.Although most women have a few days of―Baby Blues‖shortly after birth, postnatal depression can kick in up to six months later.Experts say that paternal depression is serious because it can have―substantial emotional,behavioural and developmental‖effects on children.56.The―Baby Blues‖effect among fathers may be caused by the following except __________.A.domestic choresB.fatherhood pressureC.paternal responsibilityD.hormone imbalance57.What does the underlined phrase“take the toll”in paragraph2mean?A.Cost a lot of money.B.Take the lead.C.Have a bad effect.D.Have no links.58.Which could be the best title for the passage?A.Therapy for DepressionB.Father Getting Baby BluesC.Effects of Father BluesD.Postnatal Recovery59.Which way is most suitable for Mary,who can just spare one day to travel around Singapore?A.Night Safari.B.DUCK.C.City Sightseeing.D.Flyer.60.If David and his9-year-old son are both animal lovers,they had better dial___________formore information before their tour.A.6338-6877B.6338-6859C.6338-3311D.6338-682661.Mr.Smith is going to take his wife,his13-year-old daughter and his1-year-old son to visitSingapore at their own leisurely pace,he should get at least___________ready.A.$89B.$99C.$91D.$10162.Which organization in Singapore is most likely to issue the information above?cation Commission.B.Health Department.C.Transportation Bureau.D.Tourism Bureau.(C)Antibiotics,vaccines,organ transplant and HIV/AIDS treatments are all medical milestones that have indisputably made life better and saved millions of lives.But all these advances and countless others were developed using animals.The latest eye shadow and other cosmetics and industrial chemicals are also developed with animal testing.The lab animal issue has received attention in China in recent years as more people are concerned about animals’rights.China has no animal welfare laws prohibiting cruelty to animals,but there are standards(1986and2006)for humane treatment of lab animals, though these are difficult to enforce.World Day for Laboratory Animals was established in1979by the British National Anti-Vivisection Society,memorializing millions of animals that contributed to pure science,medicine,industry,fashion and the cosmetics industry.It’s also a day of action to protest the use of live animals for experiments from lab rats and dogs to cattle and primates(灵长类动物).Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principle Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals,though there are few effective alternatives.The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that100million vertebrates(脊椎动物)are used in experiments every year,10to11million in the European Union.This doesn’t include mice,rats,frogs and animals not yet weaned.There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research.Some date indicate around16million vertebrates were used in2006.Three Rs principleThe three Rs are principles for lab animal welfare proposed by microbiologist RL Burch and zo ologist W.M.S.Russel in1959.They are―reduction,refinement and replacement‖and scientists are encouraged to follow them.*Reduce the number of animals by improving experimental techniques and increasing information sharing among researchers.*Refine experiments and treatment to reduce suffering;use less invasive techniques, improve care and living conditions.*Replace experiments on live animals with alternative testing where possible.―But the three Rs suggests general acquiescence(默许)in animal experimentation,‖says astatement by Animal Rights in Chine(ARC),set up in2006by over3000campaigners who have been urging the use of alternatives.The alternatives activists advocate include using cell cultures instead of whole animals,using phototoxicity tests on chemicals to predict their effects on humans,using computer models,studying human volunteers and working on isolated tissues.These approaches can be useful but they can’t provide the answers that animal research can.―Animal experiment ation is a basic,very important method in life science study and biomedical research and in some specific fields,so it is irreplaceable,‖says Yang Fei, deputy director of the Animal Experimentation Department of Fudan University.Yang has worked on regulating and standardizing animal testing for over15years.He says testing on primates is still necessary because their immune system is very similar to that of humans.They are needed to develop drugs for malaria,HIV/AIDS and infections such as SARS,he says,though admitting the approach is not perfect.63.According to the passage,___________may not be related to animal testing.A.Cough mixturesB.Genetically modified riceC.Dior LipsticksD.Artificial livers64.World Day for Laboratory animals was set up for the following reasons except ___________.A.to call for better experimental techniques to reduce sufferingsB.to memorialize the animals sacrificed in the labsC.to raise awareness of animal rightD.to offer the activists a chance to raise their objections to the use of animals’forexperiments65.Why W.M.S Russel advocated researchers to share more information?A.Because researchers can better cooperate with each other to eliminate animal testing.B.Because researchers can turn to alternatives to replace animal testing.C.Because researchers can avoid repeating similar testing on animals.D.Because researchers can make the animal testing more effective.66.___________is the biggest obstacle to cancelling animal testing.ck of enough fundck of human awarenessck of supportive statisticsck of effective alternativesSection C(8分)Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight,eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT;instead,people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master.This year,the qu eues in front of the doors of―Wanghong delicacies‖were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over80 Yuan by scalpers(黄牛)and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent,W anghong phenomenon depends on merchants’business strategy.______67______.Business also works on publicity.Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai,it has advertised through microblog,local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public.Once people make the purchase,the―sense of accomplishment‖will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments,which is good for brand image.Also,when a product is quickly recognized by consumers,capitals will come in great numbers.The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______.In the Internet era,the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad;it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it.There is a word for this behavior—―fomo‖,which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new.As social animals,humans have a strong desire to be part of a group,to be accepted,recognized,valued and remembered.A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed.These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists,anxious for existence.It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other pe ople’s lives,and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea,but it’s the symbol va lue of the goods that encourages people to―pull the grass‖.Just like the lipstick,mailbox a nd graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong,people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’thumb up.______69______.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable.However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______. Besides,consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.With the development of society,consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life,so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However,―Wanghong economy‖is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection.Consumers who co me by―physical attractiveness‖will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support.______70______.Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.IV.Summary Writing(10分)Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty,poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins,do you hurry on,not knowing what to do,or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money?What should our attitude to beggars be?There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories.It must be terrible to have noidea where our next meal is going to come from.It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly,most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves.But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days,when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help,is no longer the best idea.Quite a few people will not give to beggars.Let us look at their arguments.First,some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging.Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil.Secondly,there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer,wine or drugs.Thirdly,there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging.One might be poor,but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people.Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion;there are various cases and we must deal with them differently.A few coins can save a life in some situations,and even if the money is wasted,that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.V.Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.我们在国外旅游时,应当遵循当地的风俗。
上海高考英语作文专练-2018年高三一模作文汇编-松江区、长宁、宝山区
目前，根据规定，上海高中生必须在三年内完成一项课题研究（Project Research）才能拿到高中毕业文凭。
对此，大家意见不一。
请谈谈你对此规定的看法，并陈述你理由。
作文范文1：According to the newly released regulations,only when shanghai senior high students finish a project research in three years can they receive the great education diploma.Many parents may hold the view that it's a waste of time doing so,thus having an adverse effect on students academic performances.However from my perspective,the benefits outweigh the drawbacks in terms of all-round development.My reasons are as follows.First and foremost, students tend to learn knowledge and skills from the text books so that they have no idea how to apply what they've learned to practice.Fortunately,the new reform offers them a platform where they can combine theory with practice,which is a good way to enhance their mental and physical development.Secondly,what students can acquire from the research is more than specific knowledge in one certain field.Only in this way can they get to know the significance of team spirits and something new about this amazing world.In conclusion,I strongly approve of this regulation in that students can have access to what they desire to learn and improve their all-round development to a large degree.近年来，人工智能（Artificial Intelligence)发展迅速，人们日益关注AI对人类未来的影响。
凯文老师,凯文老师,2018年12月上海松江区高三英语一模答案
2018年12月上海市松江区高中高三英语一模答案1------10 DBDBA DCCAB11----13 CBA 14----16 CAC 17----20 ABAB21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25.reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do31----40 GFIDC ABKEJ32-41----45 DBADA 46----50 CCCBD 51----55 BCBCD(A)56----59 CACD (B) 60----62 CBD (C) 63----66 ACBD33-D) 67----70 BDFEIV. Summary WritingThe story is about a boy maturing overnight. A drug store owner found something stolen by Alfred and called his mother. Surprisingly, the mother took this calmly and the boss decided to let this go. At home, he was about to show his pride in the mother’s calmness when he saw a deeply-worried mother, which greatly shocked him. (58 words)V.Translation72. This/It is the first time that he has commented on / has made comments on my clothes seriously.73. Living in school on campus enables students to devote more time and energy to their academic work.74. What concerns me most is that the kid seems to be blind to / to turn a blind eye to everything around him but online games.75. It was because she failed to resist the temptation of money and fame that the famous actress broke the laws and in the end had to pay a high price for it.。
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松江区2017学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2017.12 I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a concert. B. In a restaurant. C. In a flower shop. D. In a supermarket.2. A. 15. B. 50. C. 85. D. 100.3. A. Excited. B. Interested. C. Entertained. D. Disappointed.4. A. Because her boss will return her the money after seeing the receipt.B. Because her boss asks her to buy a lot of things.C. Because she wants to establish a standard procedure in her company.D. Because she wants to check everything she has bought.5. A. Go on with the chat. B. Review his lessons.C. Connect with his friends.D. Talk with his friends face to face.6. A. He is always in a good mood. B. He has spent more money than expected.C. He is good at playing the piano.D. He’s pleased with his purchase.7. A. Mr. White’s new appointment. B. Mr. White’s vacation.C. An important vacant position.D. How to apply for a job.8. A. Her shoes will be in stock next month.B. She is longing for the shoes that are currently unavailable.C. She is unwilling to wait for a long time.D. She ca n’t bear waiting.9. A. Policeman and car driver. B. Librarian and student.C. Doctor and patient.D. Post clerk and customer.10. A. John will deliver a presentation tomorrow about a new electronic device.B. The clients are very nervous about the quality of the new car.C. Tracy’s presentation is about a type of new electric car.D. Tracy is nervous because this electric car hasn’t received positive feedback before.1Section B （15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. Because man makes us of only 20% of the brain’s capacity.B. Because the other 80% of man’s brain will grow in due time.C. Because man’ brain has grown larger over the past centuries.D. Because man will use his brain more and more as time goes on.12. A. He thinks and feels in different ways.B. He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.C. He has no hair because it is no longer useful.D. His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t use them.13. A. M an’s life will be different in the future.B. Future man will look different from us.C. Man is growing taller and uglier as time goes by.D. The fun ctions of man’s organs will function as well as today.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Reading magazine articles. B. Preparing book reports.C. Writing research papers.D. Selecting information sources.15. A. Gathering nonrelevant information. B. Stealing another person’s ideas.C. Sharing notes with someone else.D. Handing in assignments late.16. A. In the student’s own words. B. In direct quotations.C. In short phrases.D. In shorthand.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Checking the room. B. Arranging a large conference.C. Running a hotel.D. Handling a complaint.18. A. There is no lavatory paper. B. The toilet doesn’t flush properly.C. The water doesn’t run away in the shower.D. There is no pillow in the room.19. A. Busy. B. Unhappy.C. Excited.D. Hot.20. A. Adjust the regulator. B. fix the toilet and shower.C. Send the lavatory paper.D. Send a cake and fruit.2II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to see the cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don’t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26) ________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is th e one week a year I don’t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.Section B （10分）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.34The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.III. Reading Comprehension Section A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The notion of building brand personality is promoted byStarbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, the beans the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were employed and trained in coffee knowledge and 43 service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma (浓香) all 44 the “Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, 45 coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.46 those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provides you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and 47 advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a compa ny. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been 48 to creating for its customers —a kind of “third place” where they can 49 , reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the 50 from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also 51 original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging; the middle is black and white, the only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of 52 : the visual warmth, hearing the way, smelling the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, 53 sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the 54 life.But the 55 of Starbuc ks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41.A. people B. managers C. customers D. clients42.A. assured B. promised C. ensured D. predicted43.A. emergency B. environment C. employment D. customer44.A. consisted of B. benefited from C. contributed to D. headed for45.A. going beyond B. coming across C. making up D. depending on46.A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47.A. general B. reasonable C. legal D. fascinating48.A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49.A. negotiate B. perform C. conceal D. escape50.A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51.A. creates B. cultivates C. credits D. conveys52.A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53.A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54.A. busy B. easy C. miserable D. energetic55.A. product B. vision C. essence D. importance5Section B （22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal (产后的) depression, a study shows. One in ten fathers — the same ratios as mothers — are found to suffer before or after birth. By the time their child reaches 12 weeks, as many as one in four are feeling down.The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal — as they are in women — and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children, changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal (父亲的) responsibility. In the early weeks, the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.The study put the overall rate of depression among new fathers at 10.4 percent — double the estimated 4.8 percent for all men in any 12-month period. Around 8 percent were affected in the 12 weeks before and after birth, according to the Eastern Virginia Medical School Research. The study found parents were more likely to be down if their partner was too.It is estimated that around one in ten women suffers postnatal depression, even if they have never had mental health problems. Without treatment the condition can last for months. Although most women have a few days of “Baby Blues” shortly after birth, postnatal depression can kick in up to six months later. Experts say that paternal depression is serious because it can have “substantial emotional, behavioural and developmental” effects on children.56. The “Baby Blues” effect among fathers may be caused by the following except __________.A. domestic choresB. fatherhood pressureC. paternal responsibilityD. hormone imbalance57. What does the underlined phrase“take the toll”in paragraph 2 mean?A. Cost a lot of money.B. Take the lead.C. Have a bad effect.D. Have no links.58. Which could be the best title for the passage?A. Therapy for DepressionB. Father Getting Baby BluesC. Effects of Father BluesD. Postnatal Recovery6(B)The Best Way to See Singapore. See More for Less!City Sightseeing$33/A, $23/C, FREE/T24 hrs of Unlimited Touring —9 am to 6 pmDuration: 1 Day (unlimited rides)Attractions: Civic District, Orchard Road, Botanic Gardens, Little India,Chinatown & more along the City & Heritage routesIt is easy to enjoy Singapore with the City Sightseeing open-top touring system. Spot an interesting place or sight? Simply hop off and walk around and you can continue the tour later by hopping on the next bus. With 1 bus arriving every 20 minutes, the City Sightseeing system links you to major sights, attractions and hotels!* Guests Helpline: 6338-6877DUCK$33/A, $23/C, $2/TDaily: 9:30 am —5:30 pmDuration: 60 minutesRide the original DUCK! Hop on this amphibious(两栖的) craft for asightseeing tour which covers both land and sea!* Free bus transfer; most popular tour; 1st and original DUCK; unique land & sea adventure* For More Information, call 6338-6859Night Safari(旅行)$49/A, $33/C, FREE/TTour Time: 6:00 pm — 10:00 pmDuration: 4 hoursObserve the night activities of the 1,000 over nocturnal(夜行的) animalsin the Night Safari –the world’s first wildlife night park, for an adventure you’ll never forget.* Free & Easy with 2-way bus transfer* For More Information, call 6338-6826Flyer$53/A, $37/C, FREE/TOpen Hours: Daily 9:00 am — 9:00 pmDuration: 30 minutesFeast your eyes on Singapore’s magnificent cityscape from a height of165m on the world’s largest observation wheel. Get your cameras ready as you experience a 360-degree panoramic view of the city and the Marina Bay area.* Free bus transfer; free river transfer* For More Information, call 6338-3311☆A — adult, C — children (3-12), T — toddler (2 & below)759. Which way is most suitable for Mary, who can just spare one day to travel around Singapore?A. Night Safari.B. DUCK.C. City Sightseeing.D. Flyer.60. If David and his 9-year-old son are both animal lovers, they had better dial ___________ formore information before their tour.A. 6338-6877B. 6338-6859C. 6338-3311D. 6338-682661. Mr. Smith is going to take his wife, his 13-year-old daughter and his 1-year-old son to visitSingapore at their own leisurely pace, he should get at least ___________ ready.A. $89B. $99C. $91D. $10162. Which organization in Singapore is most likely to issue the information above?A. Education Commission.B. Health Department.C. Transportation Bureau.D. Tourism Bureau.(C)Antibiotics, vaccines, organ transplant and HIV/AIDS treatments are all medical milestones that have indisputably made life better and saved millions of lives. But all these advances and countless others were developed using animals. The latest eye shadow and other cosmetics and industrial chemicals are also developed with animal testing.The lab animal issue has received attention in China in recent years as more people are concerned about animals’ rights. China has no animal welfare laws prohibiting cruelty to animals, but there are standards (1986 and 2006) for humane treatment of lab animals, though these are difficult to enforce.World Day for Laboratory Animals was established in 1979 by the British National Anti-Vivisection Society, memorializing millions of animals that contributed to pure science, medicine, industry, fashion and the cosmetics industry. It’s also a day of action to protest the use of live animals for experiments from lab rats and dogs to cattle and primates (灵长类动物).Thousands of activists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end to experimentation with animals, though there are few effective alternatives. The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that 100 million vertebrates (脊椎动物) are used in experiments every year, 10 to 11 million in the European Union. This doesn’t include mice, rats, frogs and animals not yet weaned. There are no reliable figures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively for research. Some date indicate around 16 million vertebrates were used in 2006. Three Rs principleThe three Rs are principles for lab animal welfare proposed by microbiologist RL Burch and zo ologist W.M.S. Russel in 1959. They are “reduction, refinement and replacement” and scientists8are encouraged to follow them.*Reduce the number of animals by improving experimental techniques and increasing information sharing among researchers.*Refine experiments and treatment to reduce suffering; use less invasive techniques, improve care and living conditions.*Replace experiments on live animals with alternative testing where possible.“But the three Rs suggests general acquiescence (默许) in animal experimentation,” says astatement by Animal Rights in Chine (ARC), set up in 2006 by over 3000 campaigners who have been urging the use of alternatives.The alternatives activists advocate include using cell cultures instead of whole animals, using phototoxicity tests on chemicals to predict their effects on humans, using computer models, studying human volunteers and working on isolated tissues. These approaches can be useful but they can’t provide the answers that animal research can.“Animal experiment ation is a basic, very important method in life science study and biomedical research and in some specific fields, so it is irreplaceable,” says Yang Fei, deputy director of the Animal Experimentation Department of Fudan University. Yang has worked on regulating and standardizing animal testing for over 15 years.He says testing on primates is still necessary because their immune system is very similar to that of humans. They are needed to develop drugs for malaria, HIV/AIDS and infections such as SARS, he says, though admitting the approach is not perfect.63. According to the passage, ___________ may not be related to animal testing.A. Cough mixturesB. Genetically modified riceC. Dior LipsticksD. Artificial livers64. World Day for Laboratory animals was set up for the following reasons except ___________.A. to call for better experimental techniques to reduce sufferingsB. to memorialize the animals sacrificed in the labsC. to raise awareness of animal rightD. to offer the activists a chance to raise their objections to the use of animals’ forexperiments65. Why W.M.S Russel advocated researchers to share more information?A.Because researchers can better cooperate with each other to eliminate animal testing.B. Because researchers can turn to alternatives to replace animal testing.C. Because researchers can avoid repeating similar testing on animals.D. Because researchers can make the animal testing more effective.66. ___________ is the biggest obstacle to cancelling animal testing.A. Lack of enough fundB. Lack of human awarenessC. Lack of supportive statisticsD. Lack of effective alternatives9Section C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People’s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the qu eues in front of the doors of “Wanghong delicacies” were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Yuan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent, W anghong phenomenon depends on merchants’ business strategy. ______67______. Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA’s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the “sense of accomplishment” will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______. In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fast that it doesn’t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it’s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior —“fomo”, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence. It’s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other pe ople’s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20 Yuan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it’s the symbol va lue of the goods that encourages people to “pull the grass”. Just like the lipstick, mailbox a nd graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments’ thumb up. ______69______.With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, “Wanghong economy” is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who co me by “physical attractiveness” will quickly vanis h if there is no implicit value or connotation to support. ______70______. Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.10IV. Summary Writing （10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.V. Translation （15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们在国外旅游时，应当遵循当地的风俗。