中学英语语法助动词与情态动词

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中学英语语法助动词与情态动词

中学英语语法助动词与情态动词

中学英语语法助动词与情态动词在中学英语语法中,助动词和情态动词都是常见的语法助词,它们在句子中起到不同的语法作用。

一、助动词(Auxiliary verb)是一种没有实际意义的动词,它的作用是帮助构成其他动词的各种时态和语态,或者用于否定、疑问、祈使等语态。

在英语中,常见的助动词包括be动词、do动词、have动词、will动词等。

1. be动词(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)2. do动词(do, does, did, done)3. have动词(have, has, had, having)4. had better (最好)5. would rather (宁愿)6. should (应该)7. ought to (应当)8. need (需要)9. dare (敢)10. used to (过去常常)这些助动词在英语语法中起到非常重要的作用,学生需要掌握它们的基本用法和常见用法,并且能够正确地运用它们来构成正确的句子。

二、情态动词(Modal verb)是一种表示说话人态度、意愿、推测、能力等的动词,它们通常用于表示说话人的主观态度或对某个行为的看法。

在英语中,常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would等。

情态动词是英语语法中的一类特殊动词,它们用于表达说话人的态度、意愿、推测、能力等。

情态动词通常不单独使用,而是和实义动词一起构成谓语动词,用于表达各种语态和时态。

以下是一些常见的英语语法情态动词:1. can (能够)2. could (过去能够)3. may (可能)4. might (可能)5. shall (将要)6. should (应该)7. will (将会)8. would (会)9. must (必须)10. need (需要)11. dare (敢)12. used to (过去常常)情态动词的使用可以表达说话人对某种情况或行为的看法、意愿、推测、能力等,因此在英语语法中非常重要。

助动词和情态动词的用法总结

助动词和情态动词的用法总结

4) 祝愿:May you be happy!
情态动词--明晰每一个情态动词的具体功能
2
2. might 1) 可否, 含义比may委婉。
A. 用于问句:Might I use your phone?
B. 用于陈述句:You might call at the chemist on the way home.
Cars must not park in front of the entrance. We mustn’t be
late.
情态动词--明晰每一个情态动词的具体功能
4
3) 推断。
A. 现在可能: He must know the answer.
B. 过去可能: We must have read the same report.
3
4) 轻微批评、抱怨。
A. 针对现在:You might tell me if you’re going to be late.\
B. 针对过去:You might at least have phoned me if you’re not
coming.
3. must
1) 必须、一定。
A. 指现在或将来:
2) 否定式和疑问式:
You don’t have to get up early. Do you have to leave so soon?
3) 可用于各种时态: We’ll have to help him as much as we can.
4) 可用于各种语态: A lot of letters had to be answered.
You must give up smoking. I must remember to post the

初中英语复习要点:助动词与情态动词

初中英语复习要点:助动词与情态动词

初中英语复习要点:助动词与情态动词初中英语复习要点:助动词与情态动词(一)助动词有be, have, do, will, shall,它们本身没有词义,只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语,用来表示时态和语态,构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)(l)"be + -ing"构成进行时态;(2)"be + 过去分词"构成被动语态;(3)"be + 动词不定式"构成复合谓语:①表示按计划安排要发生的事。

The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。

② 用于命令。

You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。

2、have (has, had)(1)"have+过去分词"构成完成时态。

如:Have you seen the film ? (2)"have been + -ing"构成完成进行时态。

如:What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干?3、do (does, did)(1)"do not + 动词原形"构成行为动词的否定式。

如:His brother doesn't like playing basket.;(2)"Do + 主语 + 动词原形"构成行为动词的一般疑问句。

Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)"do + 动词原形"用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。

如:I did go to see him, but he wasn't in我确实去看望他了,但他不在家。

2020-2021学年人教版初中英语语法——第10章助动词和情态动词

2020-2021学年人教版初中英语语法——第10章助动词和情态动词

Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?(构成疑定句)He is studying English.他正在学英语。

(表示时态)A building was built beside the school.学校旁边建了一座大楼。

(表示语态)Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定要来参加聚会。

(加强语气)英语中的助动词主要有:do,does,did;be;have,has,had,will,would,shall,should等。

1.助动词 do,does,did的7种用法(1)do,does,did用来构成一般疑问句do,does用于一般现在时态,did用于一般过去时态;do用于主语为非第三人称单数形式的句子中,does只用于主语是第三人称单数的句子中。

如:Do you want to have a try?你想要试一试吗?Does she have any good idea?她有好主意吗?Did you study German?你们学德语了吗?(2)do,does,did+not 构成否定句do,does用于一般现在时态,did用于一般过去时态;do用于主语为非第三人称单数形式的句子中,does只用于主语是第三人称单数的句子中。

如:I do not want to go there now.我现在不想去那里。

He doesn't like playing the guitar.他不喜欢弹吉他。

In the past,many students did not know the importance of English.过去,许多学生不知道英语的重要性。

注意:①do not可以缩写为don't;does not可缩写为doesn't;did not可缩写为didn't。

②助动词do,does,did后要用动词原形。

第004章助动词和情态动词

第004章助动词和情态动词

第四章助动词和情态动词助动词和情态动词都是动词的不同形式,不能单独使用,通常和谓语中心词一起构成谓语动词的各种时态,语态及其他用法。

第一节助动词一、助动词的种类英语中的助动词有四种:(1)be(is, am, are, was, were, being, been )(2)have(has, had, having)(3)do(does, did)(4)shall, will(should, would)二、助动词的用法助动词本身没有独立的词义,不能单独构成谓语,通常和谓语动词连用表示时态、语态、语气或构成否定句和疑问句。

1、构成除一般现在时和一般过去时之外的各种时态。

例如:she is having a meeting.她在开会。

I shall help you any minute.我将随时帮助你。

I have been working in the company for years.我已在这个公司工作多年了。

They’ll discuss the problem tomorrow.他们明天将讨论这个问题。

Soon they would have reached their time limit and must return to the camp.不久规定的时间就要到了,他们就得回到营地。

He has written the paper.他的论文已经写完了。

They had finished the work before I arrived there.在我到那之前,他们已经把工作做完了。

2、构成被动语态。

助动词和过去分词连用可构成被动结构。

例如:The documents have not been signed by the manager.这些文件经理还没签字。

The machine was made in Japan.那部机器是日本造的。

Smith has been sent to California for a year.史密斯被派到加利福尼亚去一年。

语法中的情态动词和助动词的区别

语法中的情态动词和助动词的区别

语法中的情态动词和助动词的区别语法是语言学的重要组成部分,它研究的是词汇、句法和语用之间的关系。

在语法中,情态动词和助动词是两个不同概念的词类。

尽管它们在句子中扮演着类似的角色,但它们在用法和含义上有显著的区别。

本文将详细解析情态动词和助动词的区别。

一、情态动词的定义和特点情态动词是一种特殊的动词形式,用于表达情感、意愿、能力、推测、建议、义务等含义。

常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。

1. 情态动词缺乏时态和人称的变化。

无论主语是什么,情态动词的形式都保持不变。

例如:- He can swim.(他会游泳。

)- They might come.(他们可能会来。

)2. 情态动词后面通常直接跟动词原形,表示主观意愿、能力、推测等。

例如:- She should study harder.(她应该更加努力学习。

)- We could go to the movies.(我们可以去看电影。

)3. 情态动词可以用于构成否定句、疑问句、条件句等。

例如:- You must not smoke here.(你不能在这里抽烟。

)- Could you lend me some money?(你能借我点钱吗?)- If it rains, we will stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就呆在家里。

)二、助动词的定义和特点助动词是一种辅助动词,用于构成时态、语态、情态或否定等。

常见的助动词包括be、do、have等。

1. 助动词在构成时态、语态、情态或否定时,与主谓结构中的实义动词一起使用。

例如:- She is watching TV.(她正在看电视。

)- They did not finish the project.(他们没有完成这个项目。

)2. 助动词有时也可以独立使用,表示强调、肯定等。

例如:- Yes, I do.(是的,我是。

情态动词和助动词 知识点讲解

情态动词和助动词  知识点讲解

情态动词和助动词情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词本身有意义,表示说话人的某种语气、态度或看法情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2)情态动词不能单独做谓语,同行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词。

除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4)情态动词有现在式和过去式没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

助动词的语法特征(be, do, have has, shall, will)1)一般没有词义;2)不能单独做谓语,同其他动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气构成疑问或否定形式;3)有人称和数的变化4)有时态的变化常见助动词的用法1. Be ---用于构成现在进行时(be+现在分词)被动语态(be+过去分词)2. Has (have)--- 用于构成现在完成时has (have) +过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词3. Do ---用于构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去式的否定式或疑问式<构成祈使句的否定式;so, neither, nor倒装结构>eg: Don’t eat too much.4. Shall (will) ---构成一般将来时,shall 只用于第一人称主语;will用于各种人称主语常见情态动词的用法1. Can与could1) (表示能力、功能)能,会can用于现在时,could用于过去式The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。

June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。

比较can 和be able to●be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。

如:She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。

助动词和情态动词归纳

助动词和情态动词归纳

助动词和情态动词归纳助动词情态动词归纳他们到底是什么的家伙?助动词和情态动词本身不能做谓语动词,只能帮动词来构成谓语,起到相关的语法功能助动词:be, do, have一.Be 动词用法1.Be 动词后接现在分词,构成进行时态He is cleaning the classroom2.Be 动词后接过去分词,构成被动语态These iphones are made in China3.Be 动词后接不定式,分下列几种情况情况一:表示未来的计划或安排The Girl's Generation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.情况二:表目的The dinner is to honour the guestsYour job is to take care of the baby情况三:表可能(近似于can, may)Such books are to be found in any library情况四:表示命令,应该....(近似should/ought to)You're to hand in your exercise this afternoon.二.Do 的用法1.构成疑问,否定,祈使句Do you always play table tennis? I don't think he will come Do remember to your family 2.表示强调The letter we were expecting never did arrive.三.Have 的用法构成完成时态或虚拟语气I have seen the film. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be much better now.情态动词情态动词用法例句can/could 表示能力I could swim across the river when I was young表示客观可能性(理论上的),用于肯定句Anybody can make mistakes Accidents can happen on such rainy days.表示请求,允许Can I go now? Could you lend me some money? 表示惊讶,怀疑How can Bigbang come to Chongqing?shall 用于第一,三人称疑问句中,表征求对方意见Shall I write it down? Shall he come in?用于第二,三人称陈述句,表示命令,警告You shall never see Allen Su's concert unless you can sing his song.should 表示建议,劝告或推测,当“应该”讲Lie to ME should be a good serial We should strict with ourselves.ought to 和should 一样表示应该,可能性还要更大Human ought to stop polluting natureStudying oughtn't to occupy all of your spare timewill/would 表示意志或愿望I will never do that again表示请示,建议Would/will you please tell me the way to the CSC? 表示经常,习惯性动作Fish will die without water 表示预料或猜想It will be about ten minutes' way to get CSC may/might 表示允许许可,否定回答时,用mustn't May I watch TV after supper?Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't表示推测,否定时没有mightn't 说法,区分may not/ can not 用法It may be a trick.He may not come today It can't be our headteacherMay 在祈使句表祝愿May you success. May you have a happy lifemust 必须,强调主观,用于非常肯定的推测You must come to school on timeJustin Biber must be famous in European contrieshave to 必须,不得不,客观I have to go now, and it's already 12:00 used to 过去常常... 现在没有I used to be the fan of Hejie He didn't use to go to work by bikehad better 最好,接动词原形,否定为had better not You'd better talk so loudly. What had we better do next?would rather 宁愿,接动词原形I would rather dance with Michealneed 情态动词,用于否定,疑问句中,需要,必要You needn't ask me the questionNeed I finish the work before ten? Yes, you must.实意动词,need to do need to be done= need doing I need to go to Beijing to attend an important meeting. The windows need to be cleaned/ cleaningWe don't need to watch this filmdare 情态动词,敢,用于否定,有过去式dared,Idare say, 固定短语。

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中学英语语法助动词与情态动词(一)助动词助动词本身无词义,它仅仅是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。

1)由be, have, shall(should), will(would)构成除现在一般时和过去一般时外的全部时态。

如:I shall be here any minute.我将随时到达这里。

(由shall构成将来一般时)The train is now rapidly approaching the city of Beijing.火车现在正迅速地临近北京城。

(由is构成现在进行时)We shall be having rain, rain, and nothing but rain.我们会有没完没了的雨。

(由shall be构成将来进行时)The roads were full of people. We hadn't foreseen that.路上都是人。

这是我们事先未料到的。

(由had构成过去完成时) Soon they would have reached their time limit and must return to the camp.不久规定的时间就要到了,他们就得回营地了。

(由would have 构成过去将来完成时)He has been scoring plenty of goals this season.在这个(足球)赛季里,他踢进了许多球。

(由has been构成现在完成进行时)2)由be构成被动语态。

如:One is not guilty until he is proved.在没有证明有罪之前,人都是无罪的。

(现在一般时的被动式)She almost felt that she was being mocked.她几乎感觉到她在被嘲弄。

(过去进行时的被动式)I suspected that I had been followed and watched since I arrived in London.我怀疑我到达伦敦以后就已被跟踪和监视。

(过去完成时的被动式)I know he hates being interrupted.我知道他不喜欢别人打断他的话。

(动名词的被动式)3)由had, should, would, should have, would have等构成各种虚拟语气。

如:If I had Jim's build, I'd go out for the wrestling team.假如我有吉姆那样的体格,我早就去参加摔跤队了。

The soup would've been better if it had had less salt.假如少放点盐,这汤会好喝得多?4)由do构成现在一般时和过去一般时的疑问结构。

如:When do we meet again?我们什么时候再见?Did you know the hot dog did not originate in the United States, but in Germany?你知道“热狗”不是来源于美国,而是来源于德国吗?5)由do+ not构成现在一般时和过去一般时的否定结构。

如:Don't knit your brow like that.别那样皱眉头。

We didn't think we'd be this late.我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。

当两个或两个以上包含相同助动词的谓语动词并列时,后面的助动词通常省略。

如:The letter will be typed and sent off immediately.这封信将立即打好并发出。

助动词在句中一般不重读,但当它代替前面的动词或强调动词的意义时则应重读。

如:-Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗?-Yes, I do. 是,我会说。

But I have done it. 但是我把它干了。

be的形式和用法助动词be有八种形式:肯定式缩略肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形 be现在式第一人称单数I am ’m am not aren't/'m not现在式第三人称单数he, she, it is 's is not isn't /'s not现在式第二人称单、复数和第一、三人称复数you, we, they are 're are not aren't/re not过去式第一、三人称单数I, he,she, it was was not wasn't过去式第二人称单、复数和第一、三人称复数you, we, they were were not weren't现在分词 Being not being过去分词 been not been[注]在英国英语中,aren't使用很广泛。

在美国英语中使用较多的是被认为非标准的ain't。

助动词be的主要用法是:1)与现在分词构成各种进行时态以及与have和现在分词构成完成进行时态。

如:Fear of crime is slowly paralyzing American society.犯罪恐惧症正逐渐地使美国社会陷于瘫痪。

The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。

2)与过去分词构成被动语态。

如:He was an ardent fighter for freedom and independence. He was loved by millions and hated only by a handful.他是个争取自由和独立的热诚战士,为成百万人所爱戴,为仅仅一小撮人所仇恨。

They came to Europe where their mother had been educated and stayed three years.他们来到他们的母亲受教育的欧洲,并待了三年。

此外,be还可用作连系动词。

如:It was one of the happiest afternoons he had ever spent.那是他有生以来最愉快的一个下午。

词组be to有情态意义,详见“情态动词”。

have的形式和用法助动词have有五种形式:肯定式缩略肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形 have 've have not haven't 've not现在式第三人称单数 has 's has not hasn't 's not过去式 had 'd had not hadn't'd not现在分词 having not having过去分词 had助动词have的主要用法是:1)与过去分词构成各种完成时态。

如:Newton has explained the movements of the moon from the attractions of the earth.牛顿阐明了月球受到地球引力而运行的规律。

Reluctantly, she opened the door, she had not kept it locked; there had been no need.她勉强地开了门。

她没有锁门,也没有必要锁门。

2)与been+ 现在分词构成各种完成进行时态。

如:Men have been digging salt out of it for six hundred years. and yet there seems as much left as ever.人们在这里掘盐已六百年,但盐似乎还是那么多。

In another month's time Mr. Henry will have been teaching here for exactly thirty years.再过一个月,亨利先生就将在这里从事教学整30年了。

此外,have还可用作实义动词,意谓“有”、“吃”等。

如:Bad news has wings.丑事传千里。

You're anaemic, you must have some iron.你患贫血症了,应该服一些铁。

have还可用作使役动词。

如:We now have the problem solved.我们现已把这个问题解决了。

I had a tooth out this afternoon.我今天下午拔了一颗牙。

have用作实义动词时不能使用缩略形式。

词组have to有情态意义,详见“情态动词”。

do的形式和用法助动词do有三种形式:肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形do do not Don’t现在式第三人称单数 does does not doesn't过去式 did did not didn't[注]do用作实义动词时有现在分词doing和过去分词done。

助动词do的主要用法是:1)构成现在一般时和过去一般时的疑问句。

如:Do you always carry an umbrella?你经常带伞吗?Did everything come off all right?一切都进行得顺利吗?2)构成现在一般时和过去一般时的否定句。

如:She didn't cool down for hours after that argument.在那场争辩之后,她有好几个小时都没平静下来。

Don't worry, he will be brought to book for his wickedness one day.别担心,他的恶行总有一天要受到惩罚的。

[注]如用其它时态,疑问句的助动词须提至主语前,否定句的助动词之后加not。

如:①Will he be able to hear at such a distance?离这么远,他会听得到吗?②You haven't been abroad before, have you?你以前没出过国,是吗?3)用于替代,以避免重复。

如:-May I come round in the morning?上午我可以来拜访你吗?-Yes, please do.可以,请来吧。

(do替代come round)I don't like coffee and neither does my wife.我不喜欢咖啡,我妻子也不喜欢。

(does替代like)4)用于强调。

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