组织行为学中英文词汇对照
组织行为学词汇
组织行为学(Organizational Behavior) 本部分词汇包括以下内容：1、个体心理与行为2、人际关系与群体行为3、领导行为与领导理论4、激励理论5、组织行为理论6、组织变革与发展affiliated manager关系型管理者affiliation need归属需要action research行为研究action skill行为技巧action training行为培训action learning行为教育activity analysis行为分析activity chart行为图activity learning行为教育activity teaching行为培训attainment test成就性测验attitude scales态度等级authoritarian theory权威领导理论autocratic control专利控制autonomous work group独立工作小组abnormal behavior变态行为behavior contrast行为差异behavior objective行为目标bargaining range谈判范围behaviorism行为主义behavior criterion行为标准behavior determinant关键行为behavior dynamic行为驱动力behavior extrinsic外显行为behavior field行为范围behavior genetics行为遗传学behavior intrinsic内在行为behavior method行为方法behavior molar行为束behavior object行为分子behavior overt行为目标behavior pattern公开行为behavior rating行为模式behavior repertoires行为情节behavior sampling行为抽样behavior segment行为成分behavior shaping行为塑造behavior space行为空间behavior spontaneous自然行为behavior stream行为流behavior therapy行为疗法behavior verbal语言行为behavior disorders行为紊乱collective bargaining集体谈判conformer服从者consultative management咨询型管理dissatisfeters不满意因素expectancy theory期望理论expectancy chart期望图group dynamic集体驱动力group incentive集体激励group problem-solving集体商议group decision-making集体决策Hezzberg`s theory赫茨伯格的双因素理论hygiene保健因素integrated manager整合型管理者individual psychology个体心理学individual response个体反应individual test个别测验individuality graphic笔迹个性indifferent stimulus差异性刺激ink plot test墨迹测验job spoiler破坏工作者maintenance factor保健因素Maslow`s theory of needs马斯洛需求理论motivator激励因素role conflict角色冲突role perception角色知觉satisfiers满意因素shared value共同价值观support leadship支持型领导sub-culture亚文化task-based participation工作参与Aability能力absenteeism旷工、缺勤acceptance theory of authority 权威接受论accommodating肯通融的achievement motivation成就动机achievement need成就需要achievement/power theory成就/权力理论action research行为研究affective component of an attitude态度的情感成分affiliation need亲和需要alarm stage恐慌阶段alienation离异allocative values分配价值arbitrator仲裁者assertive communication style果断的沟通风格assessment center评价中心attitude态度attitude survey态度调查attribution归因attribution theory of leadership领导的归因理论attributional bias归因偏见attributional model归因模型authority 权威、权力autocratic model专制型autonomy自主权avoiding回避Bbehavior modeling行为模型behavior modification行为校正behavioral bias行为偏差behavioral component of an attitude态度的行为成分behavior theories of leadership领导的行为理论behaviorally anchored rating scales行为定位评定量表benevolent autocrat仁慈的独裁者bias-free organization无偏见组织bias-reduction training降低偏见训练biofeedback生物反馈biographical characteristics生物特征board representatives董事会代表body language体态语言boundary roles边界角色boundary spanners跨边界者boundaryless organization无边界组织brainstorming头脑风暴法；脑力激荡bureaucracy科层结构burnout身心崩溃bystander effect旁观者效应Ccafeteria benefits自助餐式福利career职业career anchors职业定位career stage职业阶段career success职业成功centralization集权chain of command指挥链chain-reaction effect连锁反应效应change变革change agent变革代理人channel渠道channel richness渠道丰富化charisma领导魅力；领导者的超凡魅力charismatic leadership具有超凡魅力的领导者chief executive officer(CEO)首席执行官classical conditioning经典条件反射cliques小集团closed-end questions封闭式问题cluster chain群族链clusters群族coalitions联合体coercive power强制权codetermination共同决定cognitive component of an attitude态度的认知成分cognitive conflict认知冲突cognitive decision style model认知决策方式模型cognitive dissonance认知不协调；认知失调cognitive evaluation theory认知评价理论cognitive resource theory认知资源理论cognitive theories of motivation激励的认知理论cohesiveness内聚力；凝聚力collaborating合作collectivism集体主义collegial model学院模型command group指挥小组；命令群体committee委员会communication沟通communication climate沟通气氛communication loop沟通环communication media沟通媒介communication overload沟通超负荷communication process沟通过程communication networks沟通网络comparable worth比较价值competence技能complementary transaction互补的行为交易complete pay program完整的报酬方案compromising妥协conceptual skills概念分析技能conciliator调停者conflict冲突conflict management冲突管理conflict process冲突过程conflict reaction style冲突反应方式conflict resolution冲突的解决conflict stage冲突阶段conformity从众consideration体贴constraint抑制力；限制consultant as negotiator作为谈判者的顾问consultative management顾问管理content theories of motivation激励的内容理论contingency approach to O.B组织行为学的权变趋向；思路contingency model of leadership领导的权变模型contingency organizational design权变的组织设计contrast effects对比效应controlling控制cooptation合并；吞并core dimensions of jobs工作的核心纬度core values核心价值观corrective discipline修正性惩罚cost-benefit analysis成本－收益分析cost-minimization strategy成本削减战略cost-reward comparison成本－报酬比较counseling咨询credibility gap信度差距critical incidents关键事件cross-communication交叉沟通cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通cross-function teams跨部门团队crossed transaction交叉交流cultural distance文化差异cultural diversity文化多样性cultural empathy文化移入cultural separatism文化隔离主义cultural shook文化冲击culture文化custodial m管理模型Ddecentralization分权decisions决策decoding译码；解码defensive behaviors自卫行为deferred judgement延迟的判断delegating style授权方式delegation授权dephi group德尔菲小组dephi technique德尔菲法demands需要departmentalism部门化dependency从属；依赖dependent variables因变量development level发展水平development-oriented leader以发展为导向的领导dialectic decision method辨证的决策方法dictionary technique字典式方法directive counseling指导性咨询discharge解雇；释放discipline惩罚；训导discrimination歧视distinctive competencies区别性技能distributive bargaining分配谈判distributive justice分配公平dominant culture主流文化double-loop learning双环学习downward communication下行沟通downward feedback下行反馈dual-career couples双职工夫妇driving forces推动力dysfunctional conflict功能失常性冲突Eencoding编码encounter group 交朋友小组encounter stage正视阶段enriched sociotechnical work system 丰富化的社会技术工作环境environment环境Equal Employment Opportunity(EEO)平等工作机会Equal Employment OpportunityCommission(EEOC) 平等工作机会委员会equal employment opportunity laws平等工作机会法equity sensitivity公平敏感性equity theory公平理论ERG theory ERG理论esteem needs尊重需要ethical dilemma道德困境ethical imperative道德规范ethical leadership道德领导ethnocentrism种族中心主义exchange theory交换理论exhaustion stage疲惫阶段existence needs生存需要expectancy期望expert manager期望理论expert power专家管理者external locus of control专家权力externals外控者Fface-to-face communication面对面的沟通family-friendly organizations家庭式友好组织feedback反馈feedback loop反馈环feedback-seeking behavior寻求反馈行为Fiedler contingency model费德勒权变模型filtering过滤first-order change第一层次变革fixed-interval reinforcement固定间隔强化fixed-ratio reinforcement固定比率强化formal group正式群体formal network正式网络formalization 正规化formalization stage正规化阶段forming形成four-step decision-making process四步决策过程friendship group友谊群体frustration挫折full-disclosure information systems完全开放的信息系统functional action功能性行为functional conflict功能性冲突functionally illiterate半文盲fundamental attribution error基本的归因错误Ggainshareing收益分享gainshareing plan收益分享计划garbage can model垃圾箱模型gender-biased attribution性别偏见归因genetic testing遗传测试geocentric organization全球性组织goal目标goal displacement改变目标goal setting目标设置goal-setting theory目标设置理论goals of organizational behavior组织行为的目标Good Enough Theory of Promotion晋升的足够好理论graphic rating scales图表评价量表grid OD组织发展方格图group群体group decision support system群体决策支持系统group demography群体人口统计group dynamics群体动力group order ranking群体排序groupthink群体思维growth need成长需要growth phase成长阶段Hhalo effect晕轮效应hawthorne effect霍桑效应hierarchy of needs theory需要层次理论High Involvement Organizations(HIOs)高参与组织higher-order needs高层次需要homeostasis自动平衡honesty tests诚实测验horizontal cliques水平团体horizontal conflict水平冲突horizontal distribution of authority权利的水平分配hot-stove rule热炉规则human relations人际关系human relations view of conflict冲突的人际关系观点human skills人际技能humanistic values人本主义价值观hygiene factors保健因素Iillegitimate political behavior非法的政治行为imitation strategy模拟战略implicit favorite model隐含、内隐偏好模型implicit personality theory人格理论impression management印象管理incentives刺激；诱因independent variables自变量individual differences个体差异individual ranking个体排序法individualism个人主义individualization使具个人特色；个体化industrial psychology工业心理学industrial subculture工业亚文化informal group非正式群体informal leaders非正式领导informal network非正式网络informal organization非正式组织information-based power信息权information technology信息技术innovation创新；革新institutional power制度化权利institutional team制度化团队institutionalization制度化instrumental values工具性价值观integrative bargaining综合谈判Integrative Decision Method(IDM) 综合决策法integrity正直intellectual ability智能interaction相互作用interacting groups相互作用群体interactionist view of conflict冲突的相互作用观点interest group利益群体intergroup conflict群体间冲突intergroup development群体间发展intermittent reinforcement间断强化internal locus of control内部控制点internals内控者interorganizational conflict组织间冲突interpersonal conflict个人间冲突intersender role conflict发送者之间的角色冲突intragroup conflict群体内冲突intramanagement communication管理集团内沟通intraorganizational conflict组织内冲突intrapersonal conflict个人内部冲突intuitive decision making直觉决策isolates离异者Llabor union工会laboratory training实验室培训laissez-faire leadership放任自流的领导latent conflict潜在冲突lateral communication横向沟通law of diminishing returns边际效益递减规律law of effect效果律Leadership Effectiveness AndDescription(LEAD)领导有效性与说明Leader-Member exchange(LME) theory领导－员工交流理论leader-member relations领导－员工关系leader-participation model领导参与模型leader-position power领导的职位权力leadership领导leadership style领导方式leading领导learning学习learning organization学习组织learning theory学习理论Least-Preferred Co-worker(LPC) questionnaire最难共事者问卷legitimate political合法的政治行为legitimate power合法权利leniency error宽松错误leveling effect水平效应liaisons联络者linking pin连接点locus of control控制点loose rate标准宽松lower-order needs低层次需要MMachiavellianism马基雅维里主义Management By Objectives(MBO)目标管理Management By Walking Around(MBWA)走动式管理managerial grid管理方格图managerial philosophies管理哲学managers管理者；经理manifest conflict显性冲突matrix organization矩阵组织matrix structure矩阵结构Meclelland`s theory of needs麦克利兰的需求理论mechanistic model机械模型mechanistic organizations机械组织meditation调停mediator调停者mentor指导者message信息metamorphosis stage质变阶段middle management communication中层管理委员会models of organizational behavior组织行为模型morale士气；精神Motivating Potential Score(MPS)激励的潜在分数motivation激励；动机motivation-hygiene theory激励－保健理论Motivation/Results(M/R) model激励/成果模型motivational factors激励因素motivational patterns激励类型multinational corporations跨文化管理矩阵multiple choice多项选择multiple management多层管理multiprofessional employees多专业员工mutual interest互利Nnatural work team自然工作组need需要needs theories需求理论negative leadership消极领导negative performance attribution消极绩效归因negative reinforcement负强化neglect忽视；疏忽negotiation谈判；协商network网络neurotic organization机能不健全组织neurotic personalities不健全人格nominal group名义群体Nominal Group Technique(NGT)名义群体法nondirective counseling非指导性咨询nonverbal communication非言语沟通norm常规；规范；定额；平均数norming规范化norms of reciprocity交流规则objective career success客观的职业成功ombudsperson信息搜集员one-way communication单向沟通open-end questions开放式问题open self开放的自我open system开放系统openness开放operant conditioning操作性条件反射optimizing model最优化模型organic organizations有机组织organization组织organizational environment model组织/环境模型Organizational Behavior(OB)组织行为Organizational Behavior Modification(OB Mod)组织行为校正organization-based influence组织影响力organizational culture组织文化organizational citizens组织公民organizational design组织设计organizational development组织发展organizational entry组织进入Organizational Fairness Questionnaire组织公平性调查问卷organizational learning curve for change组织变革的学习曲线organizational politics组织政治organizational socialization组织社会化organizational structure组织结构organizational life cycle组织生命周期organizing组织overparticipation过度参与overt behavior公开行为Ppaired comparison成对比较法paper-and-pencil tests纸笔测验participation参与participative counseling参与式咨询participative leader参与式领导者participative management参与式管理path-goal theory途径－目标理论perceived conflict可觉察的冲突perceived control可觉察的控制perception知觉perceptual biases知觉偏见perceptual error知觉错误performance appraisal绩效评估performance feedback绩效反馈performance monitoring绩效监控performance-outcome expectancies绩效－产出期望performance-satisfaction-effort loop绩效－满意－努力环performing运作personal-based influence个人影响力personal power个人权力personality个性；人格personality-job fit theory个性－工作适应论personality traits人格特质philosophy of O.B.组织行为的哲学physical ability体能physical withdrawal身体退缩piece rate计件工价piece-rate pay plans计件工资计划piecework system计件工作系统planned change有计划的变革polarization两极分化political behavior政治行为political power政治权利politics政治polygraph测谎器positive leadership积极的领导positive reinforcement正强化position power职位权力power权力power distance 权力距离power need权力需要power tactics权力策略prearrival stage提前进入阶段prejudice偏见；成见preventive discipline预防措施problem-solving teams问题解决小组procedural justice程序公正性procedure程序process consultation过程咨询process value analysis过程价值分析production-oriented leader以生产导向的领导productivity生产力profit-sharing plan利润分享计划projection投射protected group被保护群体protege被保护者psychological career success心理的职业成功psychological costs心理成本；精神成本psychological contract心理契约psychological distance心理距离psychological reactions心理反应psychological stress evaluator心理压力测量器psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退缩punishment power惩罚权Punctuated-Equilibrium model间断－平衡模型Qquality circles质量环qualify of life生活质量Qualify of Work Life(QWL)工作生活质量qualify of work performance工作绩效质量quantity of life生活数量Rrandom cliques随机团体rationality合理化reactive反应的realistic job previews实际的工作预演reference group参照群体reciprocal interdependence互惠的相互依赖reengineering再造工程；重整refreezing重新冻结referent power参照权reinforcement强化reinforcement theory强化理论reinforcement schedule强化程序relatedness need相互关系需要reliability信度research研究；调查resistance to change变革阻力restraining force抑制力retraining再培训reverse cultural shock反向的文化冲击reward power奖励权rights of privacy隐私权risky shift冒险的转变rituals惯例robotics机器人学role角色role ambiguity角色不清role conflict角色冲突role expectations角色期望role identity角色一致role models角色模型role playing角色扮演role pressure角色压力role set角色群role perceptions角色知觉role overload角色超荷Sscalar process分级过程scanlon plan史甘农计划second-order change第二层次的变革selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization自我实现self-appraisal自我评估self-censorship自我调查self-efficacy自我效能self-esteem自尊self-fulfilling prophecy自我实现预言self-leadership自我领导self-managing teams自我管理小组self-monitoring自我监控self-perception theory自我知觉理论self-serving bias利己偏见semantic barriers语义障碍semantics语义学sensitivity training敏感性训练sensor-type personality传感器型个性sequential interdependence顺序的相互依赖sexual harassment性骚扰shaping behavior行为塑造shared value共同价值观similarity error相似形错误simple structure简单结构simulations模拟single-loop learning单环学习situational leadership theory领导的情境理论skill-based pay技能工资skill variety技能多样化social comparison theory社会比较论social cues社会暗示social equilibrium社会平衡social facilitation社会促进social information-processing model社会信息加工模型social leader社会领导者social-learning theory社会学习理论social network社会网络social network analysis社会网络分析Social Readjustment Rating Scale社会再适应评估量表social responsibility社会责任social structure社会结构social support社会支持social system社会系统socialization社会化socioeconomic model of decision making决策的社会经济模型sociogram社会成员关系图sociometry社会测量学sociotechnical systems社会技术系统span of control控制幅度specification分工；规范。
(完整word版)名组织行为学名词解释
组织行为学名词解释第一章绪论组织（organization）是由一定的人群构成，通过专业化分工协作来实现组织目标的开放性社会技术系统。
组织行为（organizational behavior）组织内部的个人和群体所产生的行为，以及组织与外部环境之间的交互作用和自身的运行状态。
组织环境（organizational environment）任何组织的生存与发展依赖于特定的客观物质基础和社会条件，存在于组织之外并对组织产生一定影响作用的外部环境和现象就构成了组织环境。
利益相关者（party interested）组织与环境的相互作用具体表现为组织环境中的各种要素、其他组织与个人的相互作用，这些与组织直接作用的其他组织和各人称为利益相关者。
是组织外部环境中受组织决策和行动影响的任何相关者。
技术技能（technical skill）技术技能包括专门知识和技能水平。
是指管理者对业务领域相关专业知识和方法的掌握程度。
人际技能（interpersonal skill）是指与人共事、理解别人、激励别人的能力。
概念技能（conception skill）管理者必须具备心智能力去分析和诊断复杂的情况。
是指管理者面对纷繁复杂的环境，通过分析、判断、抽象和概括，洞察事物，分辨各种因素的作用，认清主要矛盾，抓住问题实质，形成正确的概念，从而做出正确的判断。
组织行为学（organization behavior）是研究一定组织体系中人的心理和行为表现及其规律，提高管理人员预测、引导和控制人的行为的能力，以实现组织目标的能力。
需要（need）是个体对生理和社会客观需求在人脑中的反映。
它是指客观刺激作用于人的大脑所引起的个体缺乏某种东西时产生的一种心理状态。
动机（motivation）是一种驱使人们进行活动，从而满足需要、达到目标的内部动力。
对个体而言，动机往往是一以愿望、兴趣、意图、信念、理想等形式表现出来的是激励人们行动的主要因素，是推动人们行为的直接原因。
组织行为学词汇
完全工资方案 ( Complete pay program) 一种综合的报酬体系，它给完成不同的目标制定不同的工资报酬基数 ( 例如，提留、生产、团队合作)。
心力交瘁 ( Burnout) 雇员精神惫倦、对工作不感趣、并在追求目标的过程中感到无依无靠的情形。
连锁反应效应 ( Chain-reaction effect) 直接影响一人或几人的变革 ( 或别的条件)因为他人与之相关的共同利益而可能会引起很多人，甚至成百上千人的反应。
变革顾问 ( Change agents) 在系统之内而又保持独立的人，其职责是激励、促进、和协调变革。
魔鬼代言人 ( Devil's advocate) 为了提高群体决策的质量，专门质疑别人的观点，推究那些支持的事实，提供建设性的批评意见，和对推理的逻辑提出质疑。
辩证决策法 ( Dialectic decision method( DDM)) 提出两个或两个以上的可选建议，确认其潜在的假设，审查各分组的拥护情况并制定整个群体的决策。
边缘角色 ( Boundary roles) 需要与不同群体打交道的能力以确保项目成功的职位。
边界人员 ( Boundary spanners) 与自己部门之内和其它单位的人，经常也与外部社区有着紧密交流联系的雇员。
头脑风暴法 ( Brainstorming) 不急于对所产生的观念作出判断以鼓励创造性思维的群体结构。
教练 ( Coach) 一种领导职能，要求他进行准备、引导、帮助、促进和指导团队，但自己并不参与比赛。
协同决定 ( Codetermination) 在企业的董事会中政府委任的员工代表。
组织行为学中英文词汇对照
组织行为学中英文词汇对照组织行为学中英文词汇对照 A ability [?’b?l?ti]能力achievement [?’t?ivm?nt] 成就动机achievement need 成就需要affiliation need [?,f?l?’e??n]归属需要arbitrator [‘ɑ?b?tre?t?] 仲裁人assessment centers [?’s?sm?nt] [‘s?nt?z] 评价中心attitude [‘?t?t?d]态度attribution 归因attribution theory 归因理论attribution theory of leadership 领导的归因理论 B behavioral theories of leadership 领导的行为理论behaviorism theories 行为主义理论Big Five personality traits \大五\人格特质body language 身体语言bounded rationally 有限理性brainstorming 脑力激荡法bureaucracy 官僚结构 C career 职业centralization 集权化chain of command 命令链charismatic leadership 领袖魅力的领导charismatic leadership theories 魅力领导理论classical conditioning 经典条件反射cliques 小集团cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分cognitive learning 认知学习cognitive theories 认知理论cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborating 协作command group 命令型群体communication 沟通communication apprehension 沟通焦虑communication networks 沟通网络communication process 沟通过程competence 能力competing 竞争compromising 折中conciliator 和解人conflict 冲突conflict management 冲突管理conflict process 冲突过程conformity 从众问题conscientiousness 责任心consideration 关怀维度consistency 一贯contingency approaches to management 管理的权变途径contingency leadership theory 领导权变理论continuous reinforcement 连续强化contrast effects 对比效应control theory 控制理论controlling 控制core values 核心价值观creativity 创造力cross-functional teams 多功能型团队cultural differences 文化差异 D decision making 决策decision rationality 决策理性decision role 决策角色decision-making style 决策风格decisions 决策decoding 解码delegating style 授权风格Delphi technique 德尔菲技术Departmentalization 部门化dispositional attributions 个性归因distributive bargaining 分配谈判distributive justice 分配公平diversity 多元化dominant culture 主导文化downward communication 下行沟通Dynamics of Synergy 协力优势dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突 E economic rationality model 经济理性模型emotion 情绪emotional intelligence 情绪智力emotional stability 情绪稳定性mployee involvement 员工参与employee-oriented leader 员工导向的领导者empowerment 授权encoding 编码encounter stage 碰撞阶段engagement 卷入environment 环境equity theory 公平理论equity theory of work motivation 工作动机的公平理论ERG theory ERG理论exchange leadership theories 领导的交换理论expectancy theory 期望理论export power 专家性权力external validity 外部效度externals 外控者extraversion 外向性extrinsic motive 外源性动机extrinsic rewards 外部报酬 F feedback 反馈Fiedler contingency model 费德勒的权变模型filtering 过滤Five-Factor Model(FFM) 五因素模型flexible benefits 灵活福利formal group 正式群体formal networks 正式沟通网络formal organization 正式组织function conflict 功能正常的冲突functional analysis 功能性分析fundamental attribution error 基本归因偏差G general mental ability(GMA) 一般心理能力goal conflict 目标冲突goal setting 目标设定goal sharing 目标共享goal-setting theory 目标设置理论group 群体group decision making 群体决策group leadership theories 领导的群体理论group stressors 群体压力源group shift 群体转移groupthink 群体思维H halo effect 晕轮效应Hawthorne effect 霍桑效应Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation 赫茨伯格的动机双因素理论horizontal organization 扁平化组织human capital 人力资本human relations views of conflict 冲突的人际关系观点hygiene factors 保健因素I incentives 诱因informal groups 非正式群体informal network 非正式沟通网络information richness 信息丰富性initiating structure 结构维度instrumental values 工具价值观integrative bargaining 综合谈判intergroup dynamics 组间动力integrity 正直intellectual ability 心理能力intelligence activity 智力活动interacting groups 互动群体interactional view of conflict 冲突的相互作用观点interest group 利益型群体internal validity 内部效度internals 内控者interpersonal communication 人际沟通interpersonal roles 人际角色intrinsic motive 内源性动机intrinsic rewards 内部报酬intuition 直觉J job design 工作设计job enlargement 工作扩大化job enrichment 工作丰富化job involvement 工作参与job rotation 工作轮换job satisfaction 工作满意度job specification 工作规范K knowledge management 知识管理Lleader role 领导角色leader-member exchange (LMX) theory 领导者—成员交换理论leader-member relations 领导者—成员关系leadership 领导eadership skill 领导技能learned helplessness 习得性无助learning 学习learning organization 学习型组织least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷life-cycle approach 生命周期理论lower-order needs 较低层次的需要loyalty 忠诚M management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management Information System(MIS) 管理信息系统managerial communication model 管理沟通模型managerial grid 管理方格论managerial grid style 管理方格风格managers 管理者Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛的需要层次理论means-ends chain 途径—目标链monitor 监控者mood 心情motivation 激励multicultural organization 多元文化型组织N need 需要negative reinforcement 负性强化neglect 忽略negotiation 谈判negotiation skills 谈判技巧nominal group technique 名义群体技术nonverbal communication 非语言沟通normative commitment 规范承诺norms 规范O operant conditioning 操作条件反射organization 组织organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为学Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(OCBs) 组织的公民行为organizational commitment 组织承诺organizational culture 组织文化organizational development 组织发展Organizational Hierarchies 组织层级organizational structure 组织结构P participating style 参与风格participative management 参与式管理path-goal leadership theory 路径—目标领导理论pay for performance 绩效奖金perception 知觉perceptual context 知觉背景personality 人格personality traits 人格特质Porter Lawler motivation model 波特—劳勒动机模型position power 职位权力positive reinforcement 正性强化power 权力power motive 权力动机power need 权力需要problem-solving teams 问题解决型团队production-oriented leader 生产导向的领导者productivity 生产率profit sharing 利润共享projection 投射psychological contract 心理契约Q quality of life 生活质量quality of work life(QWL) 工作生活质量R rationality 理性recognition 认可reengineering 再造工程reinforcement theory 强化理论reinforcers 强化物risky shift phenomenon 风险偏移现象role 角色role ambiguity 角色模糊role conflict角色冲突role expectations 角色期待role identity 角色同一性role perception 角色知觉S security motive 安全动机selective perception 选择性知觉self-actualization 自我实现self-esteem 自尊self-managed teams 自我管理团队selling style 推销风格sensitivity training 敏感性训练similarity 相似性Simmon’s Bounded Rationality Model 西蒙的有限理性模型situational attributions 情景归因situational leadership 情境领导理论small groups 小群体social cognition theory 社会认知理论social learning 社会学习social loafing 社会惰化social perception 社会知觉social recognition 社会认可socialization process 社会化过程social-learning theory 社会学习理论status 地位status motive 地位动机stereotyping 刻板印象storming 震荡stress 压力strongculture 强文化subculture 亚文化synergy 协同效应T task group 任务型群体task structure 任务结构team 团队team building 团队建设team structure 团队结构terminal values 终极价值观Thematic Apperception Test(TAT) 主题统觉测验theory X X理论theory Y Y理论traditional view of conflict冲突的传统观点trait theories of leadership 领导的特质理论transactional leadership 交易型领导者transformational leadership trust 信任turnover 流动type A personality A型人格U upward communication 上行沟通V values 价值观virtual organization 虚拟组织virtual teams 虚拟团队W work group 工作群体work specialization 工作专门化变革型领导者专业词汇 1. desejos 愿望 2. valores opostos,相反的价值观 3. Diferentes sistemas de valores不同的价值体系 4. negativamente afetado 负面影响 5. tem que ser percebido 被感知 6. forma de oposi??o 反对的形式7. solu??o ganho-ganho 双赢的方案8. interesses利益。
领导力、组织行为学、SWOT英文翻译
领导力、组织行为学、SWOT英文翻译领导力（Leadership）就是指在管辖的范围内充分的利用人力和客观条件在以最小的成本办成所需的事提高整个团体的办事效率。
Leadership is the accomplishment of a goal at minimum cost by making the best use of human resources and objective conditions in one’s jurisdiction, which improves the efficiency of a team.组织行为学（Organizational Behavioural Science ）所谓组织行为学是研究在组织中以及组织与环境相互作用中，人们从事工作的心理活动和行为的反应规律性的科学。
组织行为学综合运用了心理学、社会学、文化人类学、生理学、生物学，还有经济学、政治学等学科有关人的行为的知识与理论，来研究一定组织中的人的行为规律。
近年来出版了很多与组织行为学有关并以此命名的书籍。
Organizational Behavioural Science is an academic discipline concerned with researching the reaction regularity of people's psychology and behaviour in an organisation or in the interaction between organisation and environment. Many academic disciplines related to human behaviour (including psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, physiology, biology, economics and politics) are synthetically used in organizational behavioural science to research the reaction regularity in a certain organisation. In recent years, many publications related to organizational behavioural science appeared.SWOT是一种分析方法，用来确定企业本身的竞争优势，竞争劣势，机会和威胁，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。
(组织设计)组织行为学词汇
组织行为学(Organizational Behavior) 本部分词汇包括以下内容：1、个体心理与行为2、人际关系与群体行为3、领导行为与领导理论4、激励理论5、组织行为理论6、组织变革与发展affiliated manager关系型管理者affiliation need归属需要action research行为研究action skill行为技巧action training行为培训action learning行为教育activity analysis行为分析activity chart行为图activity learning行为教育activity teaching行为培训attainment test成就性测验attitude scales态度等级authoritarian theory权威领导理论autocratic control专利控制autonomous work group独立工作小组abnormal behavior变态行为behavior contrast行为差异behavior objective行为目标bargaining range谈判范围behaviorism行为主义behavior criterion行为标准behavior determinant关键行为behavior dynamic行为驱动力behavior extrinsic外显行为behavior field行为范围behavior genetics行为遗传学behavior intrinsic内在行为behavior method行为方法behavior molar行为束behavior object行为分子behavior overt行为目标behavior pattern公开行为behavior rating行为模式behavior repertoires行为情节behavior sampling行为抽样behavior segment行为成分behavior shaping行为塑造behavior space行为空间behavior spontaneous自然行为behavior stream行为流behavior therapy行为疗法behavior verbal语言行为behavior disorders行为紊乱collective bargaining集体谈判conformer服从者consultative management咨询型管理dissatisfeters不满意因素expectancy theory期望理论expectancy chart期望图group dynamic集体驱动力group incentive集体激励group problem-solving集体商议group decision-making集体决策Hezzberg`s theory赫茨伯格的双因素理论hygiene保健因素integrated manager整合型管理者individual psychology个体心理学individual response个体反应individual test个别测验individuality graphic笔迹个性indifferent stimulus差异性刺激ink plot test墨迹测验job spoiler破坏工作者maintenance factor保健因素Maslow`s theory of needs马斯洛需求理论motivator激励因素role conflict角色冲突role perception角色知觉satisfiers满意因素shared value共同价值观support leadship支持型领导sub-culture亚文化task-based participation工作参与Aability能力absenteeism旷工、缺勤acceptance theory of authority 权威接受论accommodating肯通融的achievement motivation成就动机achievement need成就需要achievement/power theory成就/权力理论action research行为研究affective component of an attitude态度的情感成分affiliation need亲和需要alarm stage恐慌阶段alienation离异allocative values分配价值arbitrator仲裁者assertive communication style果断的沟通风格assessment center评价中心attitude态度attitude survey态度调查attribution归因attribution theory of leadership领导的归因理论attributional bias归因偏见attributional model归因模型authority 权威、权力autocratic model专制型autonomy自主权avoiding回避Bbehavior modeling行为模型behavior modification行为校正behavioral bias行为偏差behavioral component of an attitude态度的行为成分behavior theories of leadership领导的行为理论behaviorally anchored rating scales行为定位评定量表benevolent autocrat仁慈的独裁者bias-free organization无偏见组织bias-reduction training降低偏见训练biofeedback生物反馈biographical characteristics生物特征board representatives董事会代表body language体态语言boundary roles边界角色boundary spanners跨边界者boundaryless organization无边界组织brainstorming头脑风暴法；脑力激荡bureaucracy科层结构burnout身心崩溃bystander effect旁观者效应Ccafeteria benefits自助餐式福利career职业career anchors职业定位career stage职业阶段career success职业成功centralization集权chain of command指挥链chain-reaction effect连锁反应效应change变革change agent变革代理人channel渠道channel richness渠道丰富化charisma领导魅力；领导者的超凡魅力charismatic leadership具有超凡魅力的领导者chief executive officer(CEO)首席执行官classical conditioning经典条件反射cliques小集团closed-end questions封闭式问题cluster chain群族链clusters群族coalitions联合体coercive power强制权codetermination共同决定cognitive component of an attitude态度的认知成分cognitive conflict认知冲突cognitive decision style model认知决策方式模型cognitive dissonance认知不协调；认知失调cognitive evaluation theory认知评价理论cognitive resource theory认知资源理论cognitive theories of motivation激励的认知理论cohesiveness内聚力；凝聚力collaborating合作collectivism集体主义collegial model学院模型command group指挥小组；命令群体committee委员会communication沟通communication climate沟通气氛communication loop沟通环communication media沟通媒介communication overload沟通超负荷communication process沟通过程communication networks沟通网络comparable worth比较价值competence技能complementary transaction互补的行为交易complete pay program完整的报酬方案compromising妥协conceptual skills概念分析技能conciliator调停者conflict冲突conflict management冲突管理conflict process冲突过程conflict reaction style冲突反应方式conflict resolution冲突的解决conflict stage冲突阶段conformity从众consideration体贴constraint抑制力；限制consultant as negotiator作为谈判者的顾问consultative management顾问管理content theories of motivation激励的内容理论contingency approach to O.B组织行为学的权变趋向；思路contingency model of leadership领导的权变模型contingency organizational design权变的组织设计contrast effects对比效应controlling控制cooptation合并；吞并core dimensions of jobs工作的核心纬度core values核心价值观corrective discipline修正性惩罚cost-benefit analysis成本－收益分析cost-minimization strategy成本削减战略cost-reward comparison成本－报酬比较counseling咨询credibility gap信度差距critical incidents关键事件cross-communication交叉沟通cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通cross-function teams跨部门团队crossed transaction交叉交流cultural distance文化差异cultural diversity文化多样性cultural empathy文化移入cultural separatism文化隔离主义cultural shook文化冲击culture文化custodial m管理模型D decentralization分权decisions决策decoding译码；解码defensive behaviors自卫行为deferred judgement延迟的判断delegating style授权方式delegation授权dephi group德尔菲小组dephi technique德尔菲法demands需要departmentalism部门化dependency从属；依赖dependent variables因变量development level发展水平development-oriented leader以发展为导向的领导dialectic decision method辨证的决策方法dictionary technique字典式方法directive counseling指导性咨询discharge解雇；释放discipline惩罚；训导discrimination歧视distinctive competencies区别性技能distributive bargaining分配谈判distributive justice分配公平dominant culture主流文化double-loop learning双环学习downward communication下行沟通downward feedback下行反馈dual-career couples双职工夫妇driving forces推动力dysfunctional conflict功能失常性冲突Eencoding编码encounter group 交朋友小组encounter stage正视阶段enriched sociotechnical work system 丰富化的社会技术工作环境environment环境Equal Employment Opportunity(EEO)平等工作机会Equal Employment OpportunityCommission(EEOC) 平等工作机会委员会equal employment opportunity laws平等工作机会法equity sensitivity公平敏感性equity theory公平理论ERG theory ERG理论esteem needs尊重需要ethical dilemma道德困境ethical imperative道德规范ethical leadership道德领导ethnocentrism种族中心主义exchange theory交换理论exhaustion stage疲惫阶段existence needs生存需要expectancy期望expert manager期望理论expert power专家管理者external locus of control专家权力externals外控者Fface-to-face communication面对面的沟通family-friendly organizations家庭式友好组织feedback反馈feedback loop反馈环feedback-seeking behavior寻求反馈行为Fiedler contingency model费德勒权变模型filtering过滤first-order change第一层次变革fixed-interval reinforcement固定间隔强化fixed-ratio reinforcement固定比率强化formal group正式群体formal network正式网络formalization 正规化formalization stage正规化阶段forming形成four-step decision-making process四步决策过程friendship group友谊群体frustration挫折full-disclosure information systems完全开放的信息系统functional action功能性行为functional conflict功能性冲突functionally illiterate半文盲fundamental attribution error基本的归因错误G gainshareing收益分享gainshareing plan收益分享计划garbage can model垃圾箱模型gender-biased attribution性别偏见归因genetic testing遗传测试geocentric organization全球性组织goal目标goal displacement改变目标goal setting目标设置goal-setting theory目标设置理论goals of organizational behavior组织行为的目标Good Enough Theory of Promotion晋升的足够好理论graphic rating scales图表评价量表grid OD组织发展方格图group群体group decision support system群体决策支持系统group demography群体人口统计group dynamics群体动力group order ranking群体排序groupthink群体思维growth need成长需要growth phase成长阶段Hhalo effect晕轮效应hawthorne effect霍桑效应hierarchy of needs theory需要层次理论High Involvement Organizations(HIOs)高参与组织higher-order needs高层次需要homeostasis自动平衡honesty tests诚实测验horizontal cliques水平团体horizontal conflict水平冲突horizontal distribution of authority权利的水平分配hot-stove rule热炉规则human relations人际关系human relations view of conflict冲突的人际关系观点human skills人际技能humanistic values人本主义价值观hygiene factors保健因素Iillegitimate political behavior非法的政治行为imitation strategy模拟战略implicit favorite model隐含、内隐偏好模型implicit personality theory人格理论impression management印象管理incentives刺激；诱因independent variables自变量individual differences个体差异individual ranking个体排序法individualism个人主义individualization使具个人特色；个体化industrial psychology工业心理学industrial subculture工业亚文化informal group非正式群体informal leaders非正式领导informal network非正式网络informal organization非正式组织information-based power信息权information technology信息技术innovation创新；革新institutional power制度化权利institutional team制度化团队institutionalization制度化instrumental values工具性价值观integrative bargaining综合谈判Integrative Decision Method(IDM) 综合决策法integrity正直intellectual ability智能interaction相互作用interacting groups相互作用群体interactionist view of conflict冲突的相互作用观点interest group利益群体intergroup conflict群体间冲突intergroup development群体间发展intermittent reinforcement间断强化internal locus of control内部控制点internals内控者interorganizational conflict组织间冲突interpersonal conflict个人间冲突intersender role conflict发送者之间的角色冲突intragroup conflict群体内冲突intramanagement communication管理集团内沟通intraorganizational conflict组织内冲突intrapersonal conflict个人内部冲突intuitive decision making直觉决策isolates离异者Llabor union工会laboratory training实验室培训laissez-faire leadership放任自流的领导latent conflict潜在冲突lateral communication横向沟通law of diminishing returns边际效益递减规律law of effect效果律Leadership Effectiveness AndDescription(LEAD)领导有效性与说明Leader-Member exchange(LME) theory领导－员工交流理论leader-member relations领导－员工关系leader-participation model领导参与模型leader-position power领导的职位权力leadership领导leadership style领导方式leading领导learning学习learning organization学习组织learning theory学习理论Least-Preferred Co-worker(LPC) questionnaire最难共事者问卷legitimate political合法的政治行为legitimate power合法权利leniency error宽松错误leveling effect水平效应liaisons联络者linking pin连接点locus of control控制点loose rate标准宽松lower-order needs低层次需要MMachiavellianism马基雅维里主义Management By Objectives(MBO)目标管理Management By Walking Around(MBWA)走动式管理managerial grid管理方格图managerial philosophies管理哲学managers管理者；经理manifest conflict显性冲突matrix organization矩阵组织matrix structure矩阵结构Meclelland`s theory of needs麦克利兰的需求理论mechanistic model机械模型mechanistic organizations机械组织meditation调停mediator调停者mentor指导者message信息metamorphosis stage质变阶段middle management communication中层管理委员会models of organizational behavior组织行为模型morale士气；精神Motivating Potential Score(MPS)激励的潜在分数motivation激励；动机motivation-hygiene theory激励－保健理论Motivation/Results(M/R) model激励/成果模型motivational factors激励因素motivational patterns激励类型multinational corporations跨文化管理矩阵multiple choice多项选择multiple management多层管理multiprofessional employees多专业员工mutual interest互利Nnatural work team自然工作组need需要needs theories需求理论negative leadership消极领导negative performance attribution消极绩效归因negative reinforcement负强化neglect忽视；疏忽negotiation谈判；协商network网络neurotic organization机能不健全组织neurotic personalities不健全人格nominal group名义群体Nominal Group Technique(NGT)名义群体法nondirective counseling非指导性咨询nonverbal communication非言语沟通norm常规；规范；定额；平均数norming规范化norms of reciprocity交流规则objective career success客观的职业成功ombudsperson信息搜集员one-way communication单向沟通open-end questions开放式问题open self开放的自我open system开放系统openness开放operant conditioning操作性条件反射optimizing model最优化模型organic organizations有机组织organization组织organizational environment model组织/环境模型Organizational Behavior(OB)组织行为Organizational Behavior Modification(OB Mod)组织行为校正organization-based influence组织影响力organizational culture组织文化organizational citizens组织公民organizational design组织设计organizational development组织发展organizational entry组织进入Organizational Fairness Questionnaire组织公平性调查问卷organizational learning curve for change组织变革的学习曲线organizational politics组织政治organizational socialization组织社会化organizational structure组织结构organizational life cycle组织生命周期organizing组织overparticipation过度参与overt behavior公开行为Ppaired comparison成对比较法paper-and-pencil tests纸笔测验participation参与participative counseling参与式咨询participative leader参与式领导者participative management参与式管理path-goal theory途径－目标理论perceived conflict可觉察的冲突perceived control可觉察的控制perception知觉perceptual biases知觉偏见perceptual error知觉错误performance appraisal绩效评估performance feedback绩效反馈performance monitoring绩效监控performance-outcome expectancies绩效－产出期望performance-satisfaction-effort loop绩效－满意－努力环performing运作personal-based influence个人影响力personal power个人权力personality个性；人格personality-job fit theory个性－工作适应论personality traits人格特质philosophy of O.B.组织行为的哲学physical ability体能physical withdrawal身体退缩piece rate计件工价piece-rate pay plans计件工资计划piecework system计件工作系统planned change有计划的变革polarization两极分化political behavior政治行为political power政治权利politics政治polygraph测谎器positive leadership积极的领导positive reinforcement正强化position power职位权力power权力power distance 权力距离power need权力需要power tactics权力策略prearrival stage提前进入阶段prejudice偏见；成见preventive discipline预防措施problem-solving teams问题解决小组procedural justice程序公正性procedure程序process consultation过程咨询process value analysis过程价值分析production-oriented leader以生产导向的领导productivity生产力profit-sharing plan利润分享计划projection投射protected group被保护群体protege被保护者psychological career success心理的职业成功psychological costs心理成本；精神成本psychological contract心理契约psychological distance心理距离psychological reactions心理反应psychological stress evaluator心理压力测量器psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退缩punishment power惩罚权Punctuated-Equilibrium model间断－平衡模型Q quality circles质量环qualify of life生活质量Qualify of Work Life(QWL)工作生活质量qualify of work performance工作绩效质量quantity of life生活数量R random cliques随机团体rationality合理化reactive反应的realistic job previews实际的工作预演reference group参照群体reciprocal interdependence互惠的相互依赖reengineering再造工程；重整refreezing重新冻结referent power参照权reinforcement强化reinforcement theory强化理论reinforcement schedule强化程序relatedness need相互关系需要reliability信度research研究；调查resistance to change变革阻力restraining force抑制力retraining再培训reverse cultural shock反向的文化冲击reward power奖励权rights of privacy隐私权risky shift冒险的转变rituals惯例robotics机器人学role角色role ambiguity角色不清role conflict角色冲突role expectations角色期望role identity角色一致role models角色模型role playing角色扮演role pressure角色压力role set角色群role perceptions角色知觉role overload角色超荷S scalar process分级过程scanlon plan史甘农计划second-order change第二层次的变革selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization自我实现self-appraisal自我评估self-censorship自我调查self-efficacy自我效能self-esteem自尊self-fulfilling prophecy自我实现预言self-leadership自我领导self-managing teams自我管理小组self-monitoring自我监控self-perception theory自我知觉理论self-serving bias利己偏见semantic barriers语义障碍semantics语义学sensitivity training敏感性训练sensor-type personality传感器型个性sequential interdependence顺序的相互依赖sexual harassment性骚扰shaping behavior行为塑造shared value共同价值观similarity error相似形错误simple structure简单结构simulations模拟single-loop learning单环学习situational leadership theory领导的情境理论skill-based pay技能工资skill variety技能多样化social comparison theory社会比较论social cues社会暗示social equilibrium社会平衡social facilitation社会促进social information-processing model社会信息加工模型social leader社会领导者social-learning theory社会学习理论social network社会网络social network analysis社会网络分析Social Readjustment Rating Scale社会再适应评估量表social responsibility社会责任social structure社会结构social support社会支持social system社会系统socialization社会化socioeconomic model of decision making决策的社会经济模型sociogram社会成员关系图sociometry社会测量学sociotechnical systems社会技术系统span of control控制幅度specification分工；规范stages of moral development道德发展阶段stages of team development团队发展阶段stability phase稳定阶段stars明星人物status地位status deprivation 地位剥夺status symbols地位象征stereotyping刻板印象storming风暴阶段stress压力stress threshold压力阀限stressors施压者substitutes for leadership领导的替代物suggestion programs建议给偿计划super leaders超级领导者super ordinate goal超级目标supportive approach to O.B.组织行为学的支持趋向supportive model支持模型surface agenda正式日程surveillance devices监视装置survey feedback调查反馈synergy协同作用systematic study系统研究Ttardiness迟到task group任务群体task leader任务主管task significance任务重要性task structure任务结构task team任务小组；任务团队task uncertainty任务不确定性team building团队建设team structure团队结构team work配合；团队工作technical skills技术技能technology技术technophobia技术恐慌traditional view of conflict冲突的传统观点training multiplier effect培训的乘数效应traits theories of leadership领导特质理论Transactional Analysis(TA)社会交往分析transactional leaders社会交往领导transcultural employees多文化适应型员工transfer of training培训迁移triple-reward system三级奖励制度trust信任two-factor model of motivation奖励的双因素理论type A people A型人type B people B型人two-way communication双向沟通U uncertain avoidance不确定性避免under participation过少参与unfreezing解冻unity of command统一指挥upward feedback上行反馈upward communication上行沟通Vvalence效价validity效度value premises价值基础value system价值体系values价值观variable-pay programs可变报酬计划variable-interval reinforcement可变间隔强化variable-ratio reinforcement可变比率强化vertical cliques垂直团体vertical conflict垂直冲突vertical distribution of authority权力的垂直分配Wwage incentive工资激励work change工作变换work councils工作委员会work ethic工作伦理work force diversity劳动力的多样化work group工作群体work specialization工作专业化written communication书面沟通whistle-blowers打口哨者；发泄不满者X “X” chart “X”图。
(完整word版)组织行为学主要概念中英文对照
组织行为学主要概念中英文对照ability 能力absenteeism 缺勤率achievement motivation 成就动机achievement need成就需要achievement/power theory 成就/权力理论affective component of an attitude 态度的情感成分affiliation need 亲和需要arbitrator 仲裁者attitude 态度attribution 归因attributional bias 归因偏见attributional model 归因模型authority 权威、权力behavioral component of an attitude 态度的行为成分behavior theories of leadership 领导的行为理论boundaryless organization 无边界组织brainstorming 头脑风暴法bureaucracy 官僚结构centralization 集权chain of command 指挥链change 变革change agent 变革代理人channel 渠道,通道channel richness 通道丰富性charisma 领导魅力；领导者的超凡魅力charismatic leadership 具有超凡魅力的领导者chief executive officer(CEO) 首席执行官classical conditioning 经典条件反射coercive power 强制权cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分cognitive conflict 认知冲突cognitive dissonance 认知不协调；认知失调cognitive evaluation theory 认知评价理论cohesiveness 内聚力；凝聚力collaborating 合作collectivism 集体主义collegial model 学院模型command group 命令群体communication 沟通communication media 沟通媒介communication process 沟通过程communication networks 沟通网络compromising 妥协conceptual skills 概念分析技能conciliator 调停者conflict 冲突conflict management 冲突管理conflict process 冲突过程conformity 从众content theories of motivation 内容型激励理论contingency model of leadership 领导的权变模型contrast effects 对比效应core dimensions of jobs 工作的核心纬度core values 核心价值观counseling 咨询cross-cultural communication 跨文化沟通cross-function teams 跨职能团队culture 文化decentralization 分权decisions 决策decoding 译码；解码delegation 授权Delphi technique 德尔菲法departmentalism 部门化dependent variables 因变量distributive bargaining 分配谈判distributive justice 分配公平downward communication 下行沟通dysfunctional conflict 功能失常性冲突employee stock ownership plans（ESOPs）员工持股计划encoding 编码environment 环境equity theory 公平理论ERG theory ERG理论esteem needs 尊重需要existence needs 生存需要expectancy 期望expectancy theory 期望理论expert power 专家权力face-to-face communication 面对面的沟通Fiedler contingency model 费德勒权变模型formal group 正式群体formalization 正规化formalization stage 正规化阶段forming 形成functional conflict 功能正常性冲突fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Gain sharing plan 收益分享计划goal setting 目标设置goal-setting theory 目标设置理论group 群体groupthink 群体思维growth need 成长需要halo effect 晕轮效应Hawthorne experiment 霍桑效应hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论higher-order needs 高层次需要horizontal conflict 横向冲突human relations 人际关系human skills 人际技能hygiene factors 保健因素illegitimate political behavior 非法的政治行为incentives 刺激；诱因independent variables 自变量individual differences 个体差异individualism 个人主义informal group 非正式群体informal leaders 非正式领导informal network 非正式网络informal organization 非正式组织information-based power 信息权information technology 信息技术instrumental values 工具性价值观integrative bargaining 整合谈判intergroup conflict 群体间冲突internal locus of control 内部控制点internals 内控者interorganizational conflict 组织间冲突interpersonal conflict 人际冲突intragroup conflict 群体内冲突intraorganizational conflict 组织内冲突intrapersonal conflict 个人内部冲突intuitive decision making 直觉决策lateral communication 横向沟通Leader-Member exchange(LMX) theory 领导－员工交换理论leader-participation model 领导参与模型leadership 领导leadership style 领导方式leading 领导learning 学习learning organization 学习型组织learning theory 学习理论Least-Preferred Co-worker(LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷legitimate political behavior 合法的政治行为legitimate power 合法权利locus of control 控制点lower-order needs 低层次需要Maslow`s theory of needs 马斯洛需求理论Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义maintenance factor 保健因素Management By Objectives(MBO) 目标管理Management By Walking Around(MBWA) 走动式管理managerial grid 管理方格图managers 管理者；经理matrix organization 矩阵组织matrix structure 矩阵结构Meclelland`s theory of needs 麦克利兰的需求理论mechanistic organizations 机械组织meditation 调停mediator 调停者models of organizational behavior 组织行为模型Motivating Potential Score(MPS) 激励的潜在分数Motivation 激励；动机motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论motivational factors 激励因素motivational patterns 激励类型Need 需要needs theories 需要理论negative reinforcement 负强化neglect 忽略；疏忽negotiation 谈判；协商network 网络nominal group 名义群体Nominal Group Technique(NGT) 名义群体法nonverbal communication 非言语沟通norm 常规；规范；定额；平均数norming 规范化operant conditioning 操作性条件反射organic organizations 有机组织organization 组织Organizational Behavior(OB) 组织行为organizational culture 组织文化organizational citizens 组织公民organizational design 组织设计organizational development 组织发展organizational politics 组织政治organizational socialization 组织社会化organizational structure 组织结构organizational life cycle 组织生命周期organizing 组织Participation 参与participative counseling 参与式咨询participative leader 参与式领导者participative management 参与式管理path-goal theory 途径－目标理论perception 知觉perceptual biases 知觉偏见perceptual error 知觉错误performance-outcome expectancies 绩效－产出期望performance-satisfaction-effort loop 绩效－满意－努力环personal-based influence 个人影响力personal power 个人权力personality 个性；人格personality-job fit theory 个性－工作匹配理论personality traits 人格特质piece rate 计件工资piece-rate pay plans 计件工资计划piecework system 计件工作系统planned change 有计划的变革polarization 极化political behavior 政治行为political power 政治权利politics 政治positive reinforcement 正强化position power 职位权力power 权力power distance 权力距离power need 权力需要power tactics 权力战术，权术prejudice 偏见；成见problem-solving teams 问题解决小组procedural justice 程序公正性procedure 程序process consultation 过程咨询production-oriented leader 以生产导向的领导productivity 生产力profit-sharing plan 利润分享计划projection 投射psychological success 心理成功psychological costs 心理成本psychological contract 心理契约psychological distance 心理距离punishment power 惩罚性权力quality circles 质量圈qualify of life 生活质量Qualify of Work Life(QWL) 工作生活质量quantity of life 生活数量rationality 理性realistic job previews 实际工作预览reference group 参照群体reciprocal interdependence 互惠的相互依赖reengineering 工程再造refreezing 重新冻结referent power 参照性权力reinforcement 强化reinforcement theory 强化理论reinforcement schedule 强化程序relatedness need 相互关系需要reliability 信度resistance to change 变革阻力reward power 奖励权role 角色selective perception 选择性知觉self-actualization 自我实现self-efficacy 自我效能self-esteem 自尊self-managing teams 自我管理小组self-serving bias 自我服务偏见sensitivity training 敏感性训练shared value 共同价值观situational leadership theory 领导的情境理论skill-based pay 技能工资skill variety 技能多样化social comparison theory 社会比较论social-learning theory 社会学习理论Social Readjustment Rating Scale 社会再适应评估量表Socialization 社会化span of control 控制幅度specification 专业化stereotyping 刻板印象storming 风暴阶段stress 压力stressors 施压源substitutes for leadership 领导的替代物survey feedback 调查反馈synergy 协同作用task significance 任务重要性task structure 任务结构task team 任务小组；任务团队task uncertainty 任务不确定性team building 团队建设technical skills 技术技能technology 技术total quality management(TQM) 全面质量管理traits theories of leadership 领导特质理论transactional leaders 交易型领导turnover 离职率two-factor model of motivation 双因素激励理论type A personality A型人格type B personality B型人格uncertain avoidance 不确定性规避unity of command 统一指挥upward feedback 上行反馈upward communication 上行沟通valence 效价validity 效度value system 价值观体系values 价值观variable-pay programs 可变报酬计划vertical conflict 纵向冲突work force diversity 劳动力多元化work group 工作群体work specialization 工作专业化written communication 书面沟通。
组织行为学中英文词汇对照
组织行为学中英文词汇对照Aability[ə'bɪləti]能力achievement [ə'tʃivmənt]成就动机achievement need 成就需要affiliation need [ə,fɪlɪ'eʃən]归属需要arbitrator ['ɑːbɪtreɪtə]仲裁人assessment centers[ə'sɛsmənt]['sɛntɚz]评价中心attitude ['ætɪtʊd]态度attribution归因attribution theory归因理论attribution theory of leadership领导的归因理论Bbehavioral theories of leadership 领导的行为理论behaviorism theories 行为主义理论Big Five personality traits "大五"人格特质body language身体语言bounded rationally有限理性brainstorming脑力激荡法bureaucracy 官僚结构Ccareer 职业centralization集权化chain of command命令链charismatic leadership 领袖魅力的领导charismatic leadership theories魅力领导理论classical conditioning 经典条件反射cliques 小集团cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分cognitive learning 认知学习cognitive theories 认知理论cohesiveness凝聚力collaborating协作command group命令型群体communication沟通communication apprehension沟通焦虑communication networks 沟通网络communication process沟通过程competence 能力competing 竞争compromising 折中conciliator 和解人conflict冲突conflict management冲突管理conflict process 冲突过程conformity 从众问题conscientiousness 责任心consideration 关怀维度consistency 一贯contingency approaches to management 管理的权变途径contingency leadership theory领导权变理论continuous reinforcement 连续强化contrast effects对比效应control theory控制理论controlling 控制core values核心价值观creativity创造力cross-functional teams多功能型团队cultural differences 文化差异Ddecision making决策decision rationality 决策理性decision role决策角色decision-making style 决策风格decisions 决策decoding 解码delegating style 授权风格Delphi technique 德尔菲技术Departmentalization部门化dispositional attributions 个性归因distributive bargaining分配谈判distributive justice 分配公平diversity 多元化dominant culture 主导文化downward communication下行沟通Dynamics of Synergy 协力优势dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突Eeconomic rationality model 经济理性模型emotion 情绪emotional intelligence情绪智力emotional stability 情绪稳定性mployee involvement 员工参与employee-oriented leader 员工导向的领导者empowerment授权encoding 编码encounter stage 碰撞阶段engagement 卷入environment 环境equity theory公平理论equity theory of work motivation 工作动机的公平理论ERG theory ERG理论exchange leadership theories 领导的交换理论expectancy theory期望理论export power专家性权力external validity 外部效度externals 外控者extraversion 外向性extrinsic motive 外源性动机extrinsic rewards 外部报酬Ffeedback 反馈Fiedler contingency model 费德勒的权变模型filtering 过滤Five-Factor Model(FFM) 五因素模型flexible benefits灵活福利formal group 正式群体formal networks 正式沟通网络formal organization正式组织function conflict 功能正常的冲突functional analysis 功能性分析fundamental attribution error 基本归因偏差Ggeneral mental ability(GMA) 一般心理能力goal conflict目标冲突goal setting 目标设定goal sharing 目标共享goal-setting theory目标设置理论group 群体group decision making群体决策group leadership theories领导的群体理论group stressors群体压力源group shift群体转移groupthink群体思维Hhalo effect晕轮效应Hawthorne effect霍桑效应Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation赫茨伯格的动机双因素理论horizontal organization扁平化组织human capital人力资本human relations views of conflict 冲突的人际关系观点hygiene factors 保健因素Iincentives 诱因informal groups非正式群体informal network 非正式沟通网络information richness 信息丰富性initiating structure 结构维度instrumental values 工具价值观integrative bargaining 综合谈判intergroup dynamics 组间动力integrity 正直intellectual ability心理能力intelligence activity 智力活动interacting groups 互动群体interactional view of conflict 冲突的相互作用观点interest group 利益型群体internal validity 内部效度internals 内控者interpersonal communication人际沟通interpersonal roles人际角色intrinsic motive 内源性动机intrinsic rewards 内部报酬intuition 直觉Jjob design工作设计job enlargement工作扩大化job enrichment工作丰富化job involvement 工作参与job rotation工作轮换job satisfaction工作满意度job specification 工作规范Kknowledge management知识管理Lleader role 领导角色leader-member exchange (LMX) theory 领导者—成员交换理论leader-member relations 领导者—成员关系leadership 领导eadership skill 领导技能learned helplessness习得性无助learning 学习learning organization学习型组织least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷life-cycle approach生命周期理论lower-order needs 较低层次的需要loyalty 忠诚Mmanagement by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management Information System(MIS) 管理信息系统managerial communication model 管理沟通模型managerial grid管理方格论managerial grid style 管理方格风格managers管理者Maslow's hierarchy of needs 马斯洛的需要层次理论means-ends chain途径—目标链monitor 监控者mood 心情motivation 激励multicultural organization 多元文化型组织Nneed 需要negative reinforcement负性强化neglect 忽略negotiation谈判negotiation skills 谈判技巧nominal group technique名义群体技术nonverbal communication非语言沟通normative commitment 规范承诺norms 规范Ooperant conditioning 操作条件反射organization 组织organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为学Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(OCBs) 组织的公民行为organizational commitment组织承诺organizational culture组织文化organizational development组织发展Organizational Hierarchies 组织层级organizational structure组织结构Pparticipating style 参与风格participative management参与式管理path-goal leadership theory路径—目标领导理论pay for performance绩效奖金perception 知觉perceptual context 知觉背景personality 人格personality traits 人格特质Porter Lawler motivation model波特—劳勒动机模型position power职位权力positive reinforcement正性强化power权力power motive权力动机power need 权力需要problem-solving teams问题解决型团队production-oriented leader 生产导向的领导者productivity 生产率profit sharing 利润共享projection投射psychological contract心理契约Qquality of life 生活质量quality of work life(QWL) 工作生活质量Rrationality 理性recognition 认可reengineering再造工程reinforcement theory强化理论reinforcers 强化物risky shift phenomenon 风险偏移现象role 角色role ambiguity角色模糊role conflict角色冲突role expectations角色期待role identity 角色同一性role perception角色知觉Ssecurity motive 安全动机selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization 自我实现self-esteem 自尊self-managed teams自我管理团队selling style 推销风格sensitivity training敏感性训练similarity 相似性Simmon's Bounded Rationality Model西蒙的有限理性模型situational attributions 情景归因situational leadership情境领导理论small groups 小群体social cognition theory 社会认知理论social learning 社会学习social loafing社会惰化social perception社会知觉social recognition 社会认可socialization process 社会化过程social-learning theory社会学习理论status 地位status motive 地位动机stereotyping刻板印象storming 震荡stress 压力strong culture 强文化subculture亚文化synergy 协同效应Ttask group任务型群体task structure 任务结构team团队team building团队建设team structure 团队结构terminal values 终极价值观Thematic Apperception Test(TAT) 主题统觉测验theory X X理论theory Y Y理论traditional view of conflict冲突的传统观点trait theories of leadership领导的特质理论transactional leadership交易型领导者transformational leadership变革型领导者trust 信任turnover 流动type A personality A型人格Uupward communication上行沟通Vvalues 价值观virtual organization虚拟组织virtual teams虚拟团队Wwork group工作群体work specialization工作专门化专业词汇（葡语）1. desejos 愿望2. valores opostos,相反的价值观3. Diferentes sistemas de valores不同的价值体系4. negativamente afetado 负面影响5. tem que ser percebido 被感知6. forma de oposição 反对的形式7. solução ganho-ganho 双赢的方案8. interesses利益。
《组织行为学》英汉双语教学课程复习资料
《组织行为学》英汉双语教学课程复习资料组织行为学复习大纲题型说明一、名词解释job satisfaction self-efficacy leadership emotion expression norm organizational commitment group cohesiveness attitude motivation social loafing conflict organizational culturejob satisfaction：一般意义上的工作满意度，通常是指某个人在组织内进行工作的过程中，对工作本身及其有关方面（包括工作环境、工作状态、工作方式、工作压力、挑战性、工作中的人际关系等等）有良性感受的心理状态。
比较流行和广泛使用的是美国著名人力资源管理公司Monster提出的六条价值标准：成功、独立、认同、支持、工作条件、人际关系。
综合性定义对工作满意度作一般性的解释，认为工作满意度是一个单一的概念，是对工作本身及有关环境所持的一种态度或看法，是对其工作角色的整体情感反应，不涉及工作满意度的面向、形成的原因与过程self-efficacy ：自我效能（self-efficacy）指人对自己是否能够成功地进行某一成就行为的主观判断，它与自我能力感是同义的。
一般来说，成功经验会增强自我效能，反复的失败会降低自我效能。
自我效能(self-efficacy)：指一个人在特定情景中从事某种行为并取得预期结果的能力，它在很大程度上指个体自己对自我有关能力的感觉。
自我效能也是指人们对自己实现特定领域行为目标所需能力的信心或信念，简单来说就是个体对自己能够取得成功的信念，即“我能行”。
“自我效能”由美国斯坦福大学(Stanford University)心理学家阿尔伯特·班杜拉(Albert Bandura)在20世纪70年代首次提出，20世纪末已经成为教育界的一个关键理念，正在被广泛应用于医疗保健、管理、运动以及诸如发展中国家的艾滋病(AIDS)等看起来极为棘手的社会问题等领域。
组织行为学术语表
能力（ability）：个体能够成功完成工作中各项任务的可能性。
缺勤率（absenteeism）：员工没来上班的现象。
迁就（accommodating）：冲突中一方愿意把对方的利益放在自己的利益之上。
行动研究（action research）：首先系统地收集信息，然后在信息分析的基础上选定变革行为。
解体阶段（adjourning stage）：群体发展的最后阶段，人们关注如何做好善后工作，而不是任务业绩。
情感（affect）：一种对人们体验到的所有的感情的统称。
情感强度（affect intensity）：不同个体在体验自己的情感时表现出来的强度差异。
情感承诺（affect commitment）：对某个组织的情感归属以及对该组织所持价值观的信奉。
情感成分（affective component）：态度中的情绪或感受的一部分。
情感事件理论（affective events theory，AET）：一个认为工作场所中的事件能够影响员工的情感反应进而影响工作场所中的态度和行为的模型。
随和性：（agreeableness）：一种人格维度，描述个体是合作的、热情的和信赖他人的。
锚定偏见（anchoring bias）：人的一种倾向，指的是人们往往以最初获得的信息为基点，从而难以根据后面获得的信息做出合理的调整。
人类学（anthropology）：用于了解人类及其活动的社会研究。
价值探索（appreciative inquiry，AI）：致力于确定一个组织的独特品质和特殊优势，这些因素可以成为员工改善工作绩效的基础。
仲裁人（arbitrator）：运用权威来达成协议的第三方。
评价中心（assessment centers）：使用一套绩效模拟测验来评估求职者的管理潜能。
态度（attitude）：关于物体、人物和事件的评价性陈述。
归因理论：（attribution theory）：当我们观察某一个体行为时，总是试图判断它是由内部原因还是外部原因的。
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组织行为学中英文词汇对照Aability[ə'bɪləti]能力achievement [ə'tʃivmənt]成就动机achievement need 成就需要affiliation need [ə,fɪlɪ'eʃən]归属需要arbitrator ['ɑːbɪtreɪtə]仲裁人assessment centers[ə'sɛsmənt]['sɛntɚz]评价中心attitude ['ætɪtʊd]态度attribution归因attribution theory归因理论attribution theory of leadership领导的归因理论Bbehavioral theories of leadership 领导的行为理论behaviorism theories 行为主义理论Big Five personality traits "大五"人格特质body language身体语言bounded rationally有限理性brainstorming脑力激荡法bureaucracy 官僚结构Ccareer 职业centralization集权化chain of command命令链charismatic leadership 领袖魅力的领导charismatic leadership theories魅力领导理论classical conditioning 经典条件反射cliques 小集团cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分cognitive learning 认知学习cognitive theories 认知理论cohesiveness凝聚力collaborating协作command group命令型群体communication沟通communication apprehension沟通焦虑communication networks 沟通网络communication process沟通过程competence 能力competing 竞争compromising 折中conciliator 和解人conflict冲突conflict management冲突管理conflict process 冲突过程conformity 从众问题conscientiousness 责任心consideration 关怀维度consistency 一贯contingency approaches to management 管理的权变途径contingency leadership theory领导权变理论continuous reinforcement 连续强化contrast effects对比效应control theory控制理论controlling 控制core values核心价值观creativity创造力cross-functional teams多功能型团队cultural differences 文化差异Ddecision making决策decision rationality 决策理性decision role决策角色decision-making style 决策风格decisions 决策decoding 解码delegating style 授权风格Delphi technique 德尔菲技术Departmentalization部门化dispositional attributions 个性归因distributive bargaining分配谈判distributive justice 分配公平diversity 多元化dominant culture 主导文化downward communication下行沟通Dynamics of Synergy 协力优势dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突Eeconomic rationality model 经济理性模型emotion 情绪emotional intelligence情绪智力emotional stability 情绪稳定性mployee involvement 员工参与employee-oriented leader 员工导向的领导者empowerment授权encoding 编码encounter stage 碰撞阶段engagement 卷入environment 环境equity theory公平理论equity theory of work motivation 工作动机的公平理论ERG theory ERG理论exchange leadership theories 领导的交换理论expectancy theory期望理论export power专家性权力external validity 外部效度externals 外控者extraversion 外向性extrinsic motive 外源性动机extrinsic rewards 外部报酬Ffeedback 反馈Fiedler contingency model 费德勒的权变模型filtering 过滤Five-Factor Model(FFM) 五因素模型flexible benefits灵活福利formal group 正式群体formal networks 正式沟通网络formal organization正式组织function conflict 功能正常的冲突functional analysis 功能性分析fundamental attribution error 基本归因偏差Ggeneral mental ability(GMA) 一般心理能力goal conflict目标冲突goal setting 目标设定goal sharing 目标共享goal-setting theory目标设置理论group 群体group decision making群体决策group leadership theories领导的群体理论group stressors群体压力源group shift群体转移groupthink群体思维Hhalo effect晕轮效应Hawthorne effect霍桑效应Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation赫茨伯格的动机双因素理论horizontal organization扁平化组织human capital人力资本human relations views of conflict 冲突的人际关系观点hygiene factors 保健因素Iincentives 诱因informal groups非正式群体informal network 非正式沟通网络information richness 信息丰富性initiating structure 结构维度instrumental values 工具价值观integrative bargaining 综合谈判intergroup dynamics 组间动力integrity 正直intellectual ability心理能力intelligence activity 智力活动interacting groups 互动群体interactional view of conflict 冲突的相互作用观点interest group 利益型群体internal validity 内部效度internals 内控者interpersonal communication人际沟通interpersonal roles人际角色intrinsic motive 内源性动机intrinsic rewards 内部报酬intuition 直觉Jjob design工作设计job enlargement工作扩大化job enrichment工作丰富化job involvement 工作参与job rotation工作轮换job satisfaction工作满意度job specification 工作规范Kknowledge management知识管理Lleader role 领导角色leader-member exchange (LMX) theory 领导者—成员交换理论leader-member relations 领导者—成员关系leadership 领导eadership skill 领导技能learned helplessness习得性无助learning 学习learning organization学习型组织least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷life-cycle approach生命周期理论lower-order needs 较低层次的需要loyalty 忠诚Mmanagement by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management Information System(MIS) 管理信息系统managerial communication model 管理沟通模型managerial grid管理方格论managerial grid style 管理方格风格managers管理者Maslow's hierarchy of needs 马斯洛的需要层次理论means-ends chain途径—目标链monitor 监控者mood 心情motivation 激励multicultural organization 多元文化型组织Nneed 需要negative reinforcement负性强化neglect 忽略negotiation谈判negotiation skills 谈判技巧nominal group technique名义群体技术nonverbal communication非语言沟通normative commitment 规范承诺norms 规范Ooperant conditioning 操作条件反射organization 组织organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为学Organizational Citizenship Behaviors(OCBs) 组织的公民行为organizational commitment组织承诺organizational culture组织文化organizational development组织发展Organizational Hierarchies 组织层级organizational structure组织结构Pparticipating style 参与风格participative management参与式管理path-goal leadership theory路径—目标领导理论pay for performance绩效奖金perception 知觉perceptual context 知觉背景personality 人格personality traits 人格特质Porter Lawler motivation model波特—劳勒动机模型position power职位权力positive reinforcement正性强化power权力power motive权力动机power need 权力需要problem-solving teams问题解决型团队production-oriented leader 生产导向的领导者productivity 生产率profit sharing 利润共享projection投射psychological contract心理契约Qquality of life 生活质量quality of work life(QWL) 工作生活质量Rrationality 理性recognition 认可reengineering再造工程reinforcement theory强化理论reinforcers 强化物risky shift phenomenon 风险偏移现象role 角色role ambiguity角色模糊role conflict角色冲突role expectations角色期待role identity 角色同一性role perception角色知觉Ssecurity motive 安全动机selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization 自我实现self-esteem 自尊self-managed teams自我管理团队selling style 推销风格sensitivity training敏感性训练similarity 相似性Simmon's Bounded Rationality Model西蒙的有限理性模型situational attributions 情景归因situational leadership情境领导理论small groups 小群体social cognition theory 社会认知理论social learning 社会学习social loafing社会惰化social perception社会知觉social recognition 社会认可socialization process 社会化过程social-learning theory社会学习理论status 地位status motive 地位动机stereotyping刻板印象storming 震荡stress 压力strong culture 强文化subculture亚文化synergy 协同效应Ttask group任务型群体task structure 任务结构team团队team building团队建设team structure 团队结构terminal values 终极价值观Thematic Apperception Test(TAT) 主题统觉测验theory X X理论theory Y Y理论traditional view of conflict冲突的传统观点trait theories of leadership领导的特质理论transactional leadership交易型领导者transformational leadership变革型领导者trust 信任turnover 流动type A personality A型人格Uupward communication上行沟通Vvalues 价值观virtual organization虚拟组织virtual teams虚拟团队Wwork group工作群体work specialization工作专门化。